Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark...
Transcript of Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark...
![Page 1: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
C. Meyer, K. Holland, Y. Papastamatiou, J. DaleHawaii Institute of Marine Biology
Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts
Shark ‘Cage-Diving’ Ecotourism in HawaiiShark ‘Cage-Diving’ Ecotourism in HawaiiPublic Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts
C. Meyer, K. Holland, Y. Papastamatiou, J. DaleHawaii Institute of Marine Biology
![Page 2: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Study Components
- Basic characterization
- Preliminary risk assessment
- Identification of knowledge gaps
- Tracking of sharks captured at tour sites
Phase 1
Phase 2
![Page 3: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Shark Cage Diving: Location of Operations
![Page 4: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Shark Cage Diving: Modus operandi
![Page 5: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Galapagos
Sandbar
Percent Occurrence
74%
24%
Tiger2%
1
5
88Unprovoked attacksSource: ISAF
![Page 6: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Seasonal Patterns
Galapagos
Sandbar
Tiger
![Page 7: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Long-Term Trends
![Page 8: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Long-Term Trends
![Page 9: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Shark Attack Rate
North Shore (Kaena Pt. to Kahuku Pt.):2000- To Date = 5 confirmed attacks1990-1999 = 5 confirmed attacks
No discernable change in shark attack rate since inception of shark tours (2001)
Sources: International Shark Attack FilesGlobal Shark Attack FilesHawaii Division of Aquatic ResourcesL. Taylor (1993) Sharks of Hawaii: their biology and cultural significance
![Page 10: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Core Tracking Technology: Acoustic Monitoring
![Page 11: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Public Safety Implications of Shark EcotourismCarl Meyer & Kim Holland – Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
(1) Do sharks follow boats back to shore?
(2) Do sharks come into areas used for recreation?
Questions:
Methods: Acoustic Monitoring(1) Sharks implanted with transmitters
(2) Movements tracked with remote receivers
North ShoreOahu
![Page 12: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Oahu Acoustic Array
![Page 13: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Where else do ‘tour’ sharks go?
![Page 14: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Do sharks follow boats back to harbor?
![Page 15: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Do sharks follow boats back to harbor?
![Page 16: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SummaryNo detectable increase in shark attacks on North Shore since inception of commercial shark tours
Sharks associated with shark tours predominantly low risk species
Potentially dangerous tiger sharks seasonally present in low numbers
Overall shark numbers at tour sites generally stable over time
Species composition is apparently shifting over time
Natural seasonal cycles still present
![Page 17: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Summary
Data clearly show sharks DO NOT follow boats back to harbor
Occasionally visit inshore areas/ locations 20 miles offshore
Sharks tagged at cage sites move extensively around Oahu
Most frequently detected at cage sites/deep offshore ledges
Observed patterns most consistent with natural behavior
![Page 18: Public Safety Implications & Ecological Impacts...2009/05/14 · Shark ‘CageShark ‘Cage--Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Diving’ Ecotourism in Hawaii Public Safety Implications](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071105/5fdf93388ca46b19381dbf72/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Conclusion
“There is no scientific evidence that existing commercial shark toursincrease shark attack risk in near shore waters used for ocean recreation”