Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model
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Transcript of Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model
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Early Astronomy
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Part: 1 of 2
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Ptolemy’s Universe
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Many ancient cultures
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Many ancient cultures have taken a keen interest…
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…in the changing
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…in the changing night sky.
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Many artifacts have survived
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Many artifacts have survived until the present time…
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…which make that fact
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…which make that fact more than abundantly clear.
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Artifacts
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Artifacts from Antiquity
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The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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One of the earliest tools
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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One of the earliest tools for astronomical observation…
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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…was an instrument
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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…was an instrument known as the quadrant.
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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The quadrant would divide the sky
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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The quadrant would divide the sky into (4) segments of 6-hour arcs
each.
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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It could then calculate a star’s latitude
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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It could then calculate a star’s latitude above the Earth’s surface.
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
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The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
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The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
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The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
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The ancient Persian Astrolabe
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
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The ancient Persian Astrolabe was another useful tool in Astronomy.
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
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The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
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The astrolabe was similar
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
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The astrolabe was similar to an early version of a star-chart,...
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
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The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
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…and was useful in predicting the positions
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
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…and was useful in predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars.
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
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StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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One of the best examples
StonehengeStonehenge
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One of the best examples of an early interest in
Astronomy…
StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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…is found in the ancient stone monolith
StonehengeStonehenge
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…is found in the ancient stone monolith known as “Stone Henge”.
StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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Built between 2,000-3,000 B.C.
StonehengeStonehenge
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Built between 2,000-3,000 B.C. in southern England,…
StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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…Stone Henge still stands today
StonehengeStonehenge
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…Stone Henge still stands today as a popular tourist attraction.
StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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The positions of the great rocks
StonehengeStonehenge
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The positions of the great rocks of Stone Henge…
StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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…were used to mark the important events
StonehengeStonehenge
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…were used to mark the important events during the celestial calendar.
StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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The risings of the Moon and the Sun,
StonehengeStonehenge
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The risings of the Moon and the Sun, for example,…
StonehengeStonehenge
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StonehengeStonehenge
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…can be seen in the photos above
StonehengeStonehenge
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…can be seen in the photos above during the
summer solstice.
StonehengeStonehenge
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ArtworkArtwork
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ArtworkArtwork
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ArtworkArtwork
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ArtworkArtwork
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Throughout the history
ArtworkArtwork
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Throughout the history of mankind,…
ArtworkArtwork
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ArtworkArtwork
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…Astronomy has played a prominent role
ArtworkArtwork
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…Astronomy has played a prominent role in various forms of artwork.
ArtworkArtwork
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ArtworkArtwork
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Shown above are several examples
ArtworkArtwork
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Shown above are several examples of paintings featuring Astronomy
themes.
ArtworkArtwork
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ArtworkArtwork
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Van Gogh’s famous “Starry Night”
ArtworkArtwork
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Van Gogh’s famous “Starry Night” is the painting shown on
the left.
ArtworkArtwork
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Van Gogh’s famous “Starry Night” is the painting shown on
the left.
Starry Night
ArtworkArtwork
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Van Gogh’s famous “Starry Night” is the painting shown on
the left.
Starry Night
ArtworkArtwork
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The PyramidsThe Pyramids
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The PyramidsThe Pyramids
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The PyramidsThe Pyramids
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The pyramids of the Sun and the Moon
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
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The pyramids of the Sun and the Moon can be found near Mexico City, Mexico.
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
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The PyramidsThe Pyramids
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Built by the ancient Aztec civilization
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
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Built by the ancient Aztec civilization around 100 A.D.,…
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
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The PyramidsThe Pyramids
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…they are still a popular tourist attraction
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
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…they are still a popular tourist attraction even 2,000 years later.
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
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…and there are many, more examples
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…and there are many, more examples of the ancients’ interest in Astronomy
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…and there are many, more examples of the ancients’ interest in Astronomy
from the periods of antiquity.
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But unlike today,
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But unlike today, the need to understand Astronomy
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But unlike today, the need to understand Astronomy
was neither scientific nor religious.
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The ancients instead
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The ancients instead had more practical reasons
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The ancients instead had more practical reasons
to study the Heavens.
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NavigationNavigation
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NavigationNavigation
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NavigationNavigation
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The ancient seafarers,
NavigationNavigation
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The ancient seafarers, for example,…
NavigationNavigation
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NavigationNavigation
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…needed to understand the stars
NavigationNavigation
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…needed to understand the stars in order to navigate their vessels by
night.
NavigationNavigation
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FarmingFarming
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FarmingFarming
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FarmingFarming
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Additionally, farmers needed to know
FarmingFarming
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Additionally, farmers needed to know how to predict the seasons…
FarmingFarming
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FarmingFarming
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…in order to know on which dates
FarmingFarming
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…in order to know on which dates to plant and to harvest their crops.
FarmingFarming
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Cosmetology
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Cosmetology VS
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Cosmetology VS
Cosmology
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CosmetologyCosmetology
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CosmetologyCosmetology
If you wanted to study
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CosmetologyCosmetology
If you wanted to studythe field of cosmetology,…
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CosmetologyCosmetology
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CosmetologyCosmetology
…then one day
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CosmetologyCosmetology
…then one day you might want to work here.
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CosmetologyCosmetology
…then one day you might want to work here.
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CosmologyCosmology
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CosmologyCosmology
However, if you would rather study
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CosmologyCosmology
However, if you would rather study the field of cosmology,…
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CosmologyCosmology
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CosmologyCosmology
…then you might prefer to work
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CosmologyCosmology
…then you might prefer to work in an observatory like this instead.
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CosmologyCosmology
…then you might prefer to work in an observatory like this instead.
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CosmologyCosmology
…then you might prefer to work in an observatory like this instead.
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Cosmology
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Cosmology –
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Cosmology – The scientific study
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Cosmology – The scientific studyof the structure and evolution
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Cosmology – The scientific studyof the structure and evolution
of the Universe.
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The Sun
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The Sun
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The Planets
The Sun
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The Planets
The Sun
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The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
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The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
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The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
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The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
The Universe,
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The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
The Universe, to the ancient Greeks,…
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The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
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The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
…was basically
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The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
…was basically just the Solar System.
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Today’s view of the Universe, however,
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Today’s view of the Universe, however, is quite a bit different.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Cosmology entails looking at the Universe
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Cosmology entails looking at the Universe on scales so large today…
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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…that even entire galaxies only appear
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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…that even entire galaxies only appear as mere pinpoints of light in
space.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Shown above is the Perseus Galaxy Cluster
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Shown above is the Perseus Galaxy Cluster located 300 million LYs away from Earth.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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And each pinpoint of light
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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And each pinpoint of light is a galaxy,…
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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…representing 100 billion
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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…representing 100 billion or more stars.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Imagine the total number of planets
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Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Imagine the total number of planets contained in all of these galaxies.
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Ptolemy and the
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Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model
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Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
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Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
83 A.D. – 165 A.D.
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Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
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The ancient Greek astronomer,
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
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The ancient Greek astronomer, Claudius Ptolemy,…
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
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Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
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…devised the Geocentric Model
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
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…devised the Geocentric Model of the Universe.
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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In the geocentric model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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In the geocentric model of the Universe,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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…the Earth lay at the center
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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…the Earth lay at the center of all creation.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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Everything else in the Heavens
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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But unlike
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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But unlike the Sun, Moon, and stars,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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…the ancients noticed that the planets
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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…the ancients noticed that the planets would wander across the night sky.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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Prograde Motion
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If you watch the motions of the planets
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If you watch the motions of the planets over many months,…
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…you’ll notice that they drift eastward
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…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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March
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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April
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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May
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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June
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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July
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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Aug
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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Sept
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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Oct
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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Nov
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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AprilMay
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…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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AprilMay
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…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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AprilMay
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…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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AprilMay
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eastward
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
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AprilMay
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eastward
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AprilMay
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eastward
This forward and eastward drift
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AprilMay
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This forward and eastward drift is called “prograde
motion”,…
eastward
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AprilMay
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eastward
This forward and eastward drift is called “prograde
motion”,…
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AprilMay
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June
March
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This forward and eastward drift is called “prograde
motion”,…
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AprilMay
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Septprograde motion
This forward and eastward drift is called “prograde
motion”,…
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AprilMay
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AprilMay
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…and prograde motion is caused
prograde motion
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AprilMay
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…and prograde motion is caused by the planets’ orbits around the
Sun.
prograde motion
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Retrograde Motion
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AprilMay
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AprilMay
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If you watch a planet’s motion
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AprilMay
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If you watch a planet’s motion more closely, however,…
March
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AprilMay
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AprilMay
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…you’ll notice that the planet
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AprilMay
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…you’ll notice that the planet does something interesting over time.
March
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AprilMay
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AprilMay
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After the planet moves forward
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AprilMay
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After the planet moves forward in the eastward direction for a while,…
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AprilMay
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After the planet moves forward in the eastward direction for a while,…
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AprilMay
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After the planet moves forward in the eastward direction for a while,…
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AprilMay
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eastward
After the planet moves forward in the eastward direction for a while,…
![Page 302: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/302.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
eastward
![Page 303: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/303.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
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eastward
…it then stops,
![Page 304: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/304.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
eastward
…it then stops, backs up,
![Page 305: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/305.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
eastward
…it then stops, backs up, and goes westward for a while.
![Page 306: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/306.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
eastward
…it then stops, backs up, and goes westward for a while.
![Page 307: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/307.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westwardeastward
…it then stops, backs up, and goes westward for a while.
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AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westwardeastward
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AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westwardeastward
But then it stops,
![Page 310: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/310.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westwardeastward
But then it stops, turns around,
![Page 311: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/311.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westwardeastward
But then it stops, turns around, and moves in the eastward direction again.
![Page 312: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/312.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westwardeastward
and moves in the eastward direction again.But then it stops, turns around,
![Page 313: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/313.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westward
eastwardeastward
and moves in the eastward direction again.But then it stops, turns around,
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AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westward
eastwardeastward
![Page 315: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/315.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westward
While the forward and eastward motion
eastwardeastward
![Page 316: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/316.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westward
While the forward and eastward motion was called “prograde
motion”,…
eastwardeastward
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AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westward
While the forward and eastward motion was called “prograde
motion”,…
eastwardeastward
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AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westward
While the forward and eastward motion was called “prograde
motion”,…
![Page 319: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/319.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
prograde motion
prograde motion
westward
While the forward and eastward motion was called “prograde
motion”,…
![Page 320: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/320.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
prograde motion
prograde motion
westward
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AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
prograde motion
prograde motion
…this backward and westward motion
westward
![Page 322: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/322.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
prograde motion
prograde motion
…this backward and westward motion is called “retrograde
motion”.
westward
![Page 323: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/323.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
prograde motion
prograde motion
…this backward and westward motion is called “retrograde
motion”.
westward
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AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
prograde motion
prograde motion
…this backward and westward motion is called “retrograde
motion”.
![Page 325: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/325.jpg)
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
…this backward and westward motion is called “retrograde
motion”.
![Page 326: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/326.jpg)
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Now watch the planet Mars
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Now watch the planet Mars as it demonstrates this motion.
![Page 329: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/329.jpg)
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As the planet moves eastward,
![Page 331: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/331.jpg)
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
![Page 332: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/332.jpg)
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
![Page 333: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/333.jpg)
March
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
![Page 334: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/334.jpg)
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
April
![Page 335: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/335.jpg)
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
May
![Page 336: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/336.jpg)
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
June
![Page 337: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/337.jpg)
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
July
![Page 338: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/338.jpg)
Aug
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
![Page 339: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/339.jpg)
Aug
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
![Page 340: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/340.jpg)
Aug
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
prograde motion
![Page 341: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/341.jpg)
Aug
prograde motion
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Aug
But then it stops,
prograde motion
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Aug
But then it stops, turns around,
prograde motion
![Page 344: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/344.jpg)
Aug
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
![Page 345: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/345.jpg)
Aug
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
![Page 346: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/346.jpg)
Sept
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
![Page 347: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/347.jpg)
Oct
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
![Page 348: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/348.jpg)
Nov
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
![Page 349: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/349.jpg)
Nov
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
![Page 350: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/350.jpg)
Nov
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
![Page 351: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/351.jpg)
Nov
prograde motion
retrograde motion
![Page 352: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/352.jpg)
Nov
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops,
![Page 353: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/353.jpg)
Nov
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
![Page 354: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/354.jpg)
Nov
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
![Page 355: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/355.jpg)
Nov
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
![Page 356: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/356.jpg)
Dec
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
![Page 357: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/357.jpg)
Jan
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
![Page 358: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/358.jpg)
Feb
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
![Page 359: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/359.jpg)
March
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
![Page 360: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/360.jpg)
April
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
![Page 361: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/361.jpg)
May
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
![Page 362: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/362.jpg)
May
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
![Page 363: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/363.jpg)
May
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
![Page 364: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/364.jpg)
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
![Page 365: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/365.jpg)
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
While it requires many months of observation,
![Page 366: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/366.jpg)
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
While it requires many months of observation, to witness the retrograde motion of Mars,
…
![Page 367: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/367.jpg)
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
![Page 368: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/368.jpg)
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
…it was nevertheless a phenomenon
![Page 369: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/369.jpg)
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
…it was nevertheless a phenomenon the ancients did not fail to notice.
![Page 370: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/370.jpg)
![Page 371: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/371.jpg)
![Page 372: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/372.jpg)
The entire retrograde motion sequence
![Page 373: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/373.jpg)
The entire retrograde motion sequence can be seen in this photo collage.
![Page 374: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/374.jpg)
![Page 375: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/375.jpg)
Can you explain why
![Page 376: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/376.jpg)
Can you explain why this phenomenon is happening?
![Page 377: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/377.jpg)
![Page 378: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/378.jpg)
This slide shows an animation
![Page 379: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/379.jpg)
This slide shows an animation of the retrograde
motion of Mars.
![Page 380: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/380.jpg)
This slide shows an animation of the retrograde
motion of Mars.
![Page 381: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/381.jpg)
![Page 382: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/382.jpg)
Ptolemy Explains
![Page 383: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/383.jpg)
Ptolemy Explains Retrograde Motion
![Page 384: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/384.jpg)
![Page 385: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/385.jpg)
![Page 386: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/386.jpg)
![Page 387: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/387.jpg)
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
![Page 388: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/388.jpg)
In the Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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In the Geocentric Model of the Universe,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…Ptolemy had to explain this phenomenon
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…Ptolemy had to explain this phenomenon of the retrograde motion of the planets.
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Ptolemy explained that when Mars
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Ptolemy explained that when Mars orbited the Earth,…
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…that it did so
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…that it did so using (2) pivot arms.
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…that it did so using (2) pivot arms.
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…that it did so using (2) pivot arms.
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…that it did so using (2) pivot arms.
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The larger of the (2) arms
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The larger of the (2) arms makes a loop called a “deferent”,…
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The larger of the (2) arms makes a loop called a “deferent”,…
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The larger of the (2) arms makes a loop called a “deferent”,…
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The larger of the (2) arms makes a loop called a “deferent”,…
deferent
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
deferent
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…while the smaller of the (2) arms
deferent
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…while the smaller of the (2) arms makes a loop called an “epicycle”.
deferent
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
deferent
…while the smaller of the (2) arms makes a loop called an “epicycle”.
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
deferent
…while the smaller of the (2) arms makes a loop called an “epicycle”.
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
deferent
…while the smaller of the (2) arms makes a loop called an “epicycle”.
epicycle
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
When both of the pivot arms
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
When both of the pivot arms are moving in circles,…
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…then the planet exhibits prograde motion
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…then the planet exhibits prograde motion throughout most of its orbit.
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
But sometimes, however,
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
But sometimes, however, Mars also appears to
backup,…
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…and when this happens,
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…and when this happens, the planet exhibits retorgrade
motion.
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Like this…
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Like this…
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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While Ptolemy did not correctly explain
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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While Ptolemy did not correctly explain the retrograde motion of
Mars,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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…his explanation nevertheless sounded
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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…his explanation nevertheless sounded both credible and plausible.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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But Ptolemy’s explanation
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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But Ptolemy’s explanation for the retrograde motion of Mars,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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…did not alone prove
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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…did not alone prove that the Geocentric Model was correct.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The ancients also offered
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The ancients also offered (4) other arguments,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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…in defense of the Earth’s position
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
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…in defense of the Earth’s position at the center of the Universe.
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4 Arguments for the
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4 Arguments for the Geocentric Model
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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The first argument given,
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The first argument given, to support the Geocentric Model,…
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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…was that if the Earth revolved the Sun,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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…was that if the Earth revolved the Sun, then we would feel the Earth’s motion.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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But since the Earth’s motion,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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But since the Earth’s motion, could not be detected,…
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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…then the Earth, they thought,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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…then the Earth, they thought, could not possibly be moving.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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But there are actually (5) ways
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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But there are actually (5) ways in which the Earth does in fact move.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1)
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) The Earth is rotating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) The Earth is rotating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
on its imaginary axis.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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2)
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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2) The Earth is revolving
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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2) The Earth is revolving
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
around the Sun.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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3)
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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3) The Earth is “precessing”,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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3) The Earth is “precessing”,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
or wobbling, on its axis.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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4)
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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4) The Sun is revolving
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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4) The Sun is revolving
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
around the center of the Milky Way.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
5)
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
5) The galaxies are moving apart,
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5) The galaxies are moving apart,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
as a result of the Big Bang.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
5) The galaxies are moving apart, as a result of the Big Bang.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
5) The galaxies are moving apart, as a result of the Big Bang.
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separating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
5) The galaxies are moving apart, as a result of the Big Bang.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
But none of these motions
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
But none of these motions could be felt by the ancients.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
And since none of these motions
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
And since none of these motions were detectable,…
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…then the ancients incorrectly concluded
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…then the ancients incorrectly concluded that the Earth could not
possibly be in motion.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…then the ancients incorrectly concluded that the Earth could not
possibly be in motion.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…then the ancients incorrectly concluded that the Earth could not
possibly be in motion.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
Of course, the real reason
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
Of course, the real reason why the Earth’s motion was not
detected,…
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…is because motion is relative
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…is because motion is relative and cannot be detected.
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
But until Albert Einstein came along,
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
But until Albert Einstein came along, 19 centuries later,…
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…the dynamics of relative motion
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1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…the dynamics of relative motion would not be fully understood.
![Page 534: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/534.jpg)
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…the dynamics of relative motion would not be fully understood.
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A second argument given
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A second argument given in support of the Geocentric Model,
…
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
![Page 542: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/542.jpg)
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…had to do with the failure of the ancients
![Page 543: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/543.jpg)
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…had to do with the failure of the ancients to observe parallax among the stars.
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
If the Earth were truly in motion,
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
If the Earth were truly in motion, the thinking went,…
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
![Page 548: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/548.jpg)
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…then a star would appear to shift positions
![Page 549: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/549.jpg)
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…then a star would appear to shift positions as the Earth orbited the Sun.
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position,
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
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2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
![Page 555: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/555.jpg)
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
![Page 556: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/556.jpg)
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
![Page 557: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/557.jpg)
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
![Page 558: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/558.jpg)
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
![Page 559: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/559.jpg)
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
![Page 560: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/560.jpg)
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position
![Page 561: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/561.jpg)
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
![Page 562: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/562.jpg)
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
![Page 563: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/563.jpg)
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
![Page 564: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/564.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
![Page 565: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/565.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
![Page 566: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/566.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
![Page 567: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/567.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
![Page 568: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/568.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
![Page 569: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/569.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
And as the Earth
![Page 570: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/570.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
And as the Earth revolved around the Sun,…
![Page 571: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/571.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
![Page 572: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/572.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate
![Page 573: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/573.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
![Page 574: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/574.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
![Page 575: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/575.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
![Page 576: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/576.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
![Page 577: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/577.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
![Page 578: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/578.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
![Page 579: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/579.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
![Page 580: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/580.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
![Page 581: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/581.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
![Page 582: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/582.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
![Page 583: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/583.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
But since stellar parallax
![Page 584: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/584.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
But since stellar parallax was not observed by the ancients,…
![Page 585: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/585.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
![Page 586: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/586.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…then they thought that the Earth
![Page 587: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/587.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…then they thought that the Earth could not possibly be revolving the Sun.
![Page 588: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/588.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…then they thought that the Earth could not possibly be revolving the Sun.
![Page 589: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/589.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…then they thought that the Earth could not possibly be revolving the Sun.
![Page 590: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/590.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
![Page 591: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/591.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
Of course, the real reason
![Page 592: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/592.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
Of course, the real reason why the ancients never observed
parallax,…
![Page 593: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/593.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
![Page 594: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/594.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…is because stars are too far away
![Page 595: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/595.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…is because stars are too far away to observe parallax with the naked eye.
![Page 596: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/596.jpg)
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…is because stars are too far away to observe parallax with the naked eye.
![Page 597: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/597.jpg)
![Page 598: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/598.jpg)
![Page 599: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/599.jpg)
![Page 600: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/600.jpg)
![Page 601: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/601.jpg)
![Page 602: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/602.jpg)
![Page 603: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/603.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
![Page 604: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/604.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 605: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/605.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
The third argument given
![Page 606: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/606.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
The third argument given in support of the Geocentric Model,
…
![Page 607: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/607.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 608: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/608.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…was that if the Earth orbited the Sun,
![Page 609: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/609.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…was that if the Earth orbited the Sun, that the Moon would lag behind.
![Page 610: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/610.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 611: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/611.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Since there is no tether
![Page 612: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/612.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Since there is no tether to pull the Moon along,…
![Page 613: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/613.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 614: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/614.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable
![Page 615: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/615.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 616: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/616.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 617: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/617.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 618: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/618.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 619: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/619.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 620: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/620.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 621: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/621.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 622: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/622.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 623: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/623.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 624: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/624.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 625: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/625.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 626: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/626.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 627: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/627.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 628: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/628.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 629: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/629.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 630: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/630.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 631: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/631.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 632: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/632.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 633: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/633.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 634: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/634.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 635: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/635.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 636: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/636.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 637: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/637.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 638: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/638.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 639: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/639.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 640: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/640.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 641: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/641.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 642: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/642.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 643: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/643.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 644: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/644.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 645: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/645.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 646: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/646.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 647: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/647.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 648: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/648.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 649: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/649.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 650: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/650.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 651: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/651.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 652: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/652.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 653: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/653.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 654: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/654.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 655: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/655.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 656: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/656.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 657: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/657.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 658: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/658.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 659: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/659.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 660: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/660.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 661: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/661.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 662: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/662.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 663: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/663.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 664: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/664.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 665: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/665.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 666: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/666.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 667: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/667.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 668: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/668.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
![Page 669: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/669.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 670: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/670.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
The flaw in the ancients’ thinking,
![Page 671: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/671.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
The flaw in the ancients’ thinking, however,…
![Page 672: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/672.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 673: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/673.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…lay in the their failure to properly understand
![Page 674: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/674.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…lay in the their failure to properly understand Newton’s first law of motion.
![Page 675: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/675.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 676: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/676.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
All objects move through space
![Page 677: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/677.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
All objects move through space because they have inertia.
![Page 678: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/678.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 679: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/679.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
And since the Moon and the Earth
![Page 680: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/680.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
And since the Moon and the Earth were already in motion together,…
![Page 681: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/681.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 682: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/682.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all
![Page 683: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/683.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 684: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/684.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 685: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/685.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 686: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/686.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 687: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/687.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 688: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/688.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 689: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/689.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 690: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/690.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 691: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/691.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 692: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/692.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 693: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/693.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 694: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/694.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 695: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/695.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 696: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/696.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 697: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/697.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 698: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/698.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 699: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/699.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 700: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/700.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 701: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/701.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 702: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/702.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 703: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/703.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 704: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/704.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 705: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/705.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 706: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/706.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 707: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/707.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 708: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/708.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 709: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/709.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 710: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/710.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 711: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/711.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 712: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/712.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 713: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/713.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
![Page 714: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/714.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 715: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/715.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
But since the ancients
![Page 716: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/716.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
But since the ancients knew nothing at all about inertia,…
![Page 717: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/717.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 718: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/718.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then they incorrectly believed
![Page 719: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/719.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then they incorrectly believed that the Earth could not possibly be in
motion.
![Page 720: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/720.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then they incorrectly believed that the Earth could not possibly be in
motion.
![Page 721: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/721.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then they incorrectly believed that the Earth could not possibly be in
motion.
![Page 722: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/722.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 723: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/723.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
They therefore incorrectly concluded,
![Page 724: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/724.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
They therefore incorrectly concluded, that the Earth must remain
stationary,…
![Page 725: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/725.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
![Page 726: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/726.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…and that the Geocentric Model
![Page 727: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/727.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…and that the Geocentric Model must be correct.
![Page 728: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/728.jpg)
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…and that the Geocentric Model must be correct.
![Page 729: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/729.jpg)
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
The fourth argument given
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
The fourth argument given in support of the Geocentric Model,
…
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
![Page 735: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/735.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…had to do with the Earth’s rotation
![Page 736: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/736.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…had to do with the Earth’s rotation on its axis.
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
![Page 738: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/738.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
If the Earth were to rotate on its axis,
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
If the Earth were to rotate on its axis, the ancients believed,…
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
![Page 741: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/741.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down
![Page 742: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/742.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 743: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/743.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 744: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/744.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 745: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/745.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 746: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/746.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 747: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/747.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 748: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/748.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 749: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/749.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 750: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/750.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 751: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/751.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 752: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/752.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 753: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/753.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 754: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/754.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 755: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/755.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 756: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/756.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 757: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/757.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 758: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/758.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 759: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/759.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
![Page 760: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/760.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
Since the ancients failed to observe
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
Since the ancients failed to observe objects flying off into space,…
![Page 764: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/764.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
![Page 765: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/765.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then they incorrectly concluded
![Page 766: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/766.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then they incorrectly concluded that the Earth must not be rotating.
![Page 767: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/767.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then they incorrectly concluded that the Earth must not be rotating.
![Page 768: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/768.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then they incorrectly concluded that the Earth must not be rotating.
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
Of course, the real reason
![Page 771: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/771.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
Of course, the real reason why objects do not fly off into space,…
![Page 772: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/772.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
![Page 773: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/773.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…is because the Earth
![Page 774: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/774.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…is because the Earth is not spinning fast enough.
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
If the Earth were to spin
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4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
If the Earth were to spin 17x as fast as it currently spins,…
![Page 778: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/778.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
![Page 779: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/779.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then everything not nailed down
![Page 780: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/780.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then everything not nailed down would suddenly go airborne.
![Page 781: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/781.jpg)
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then everything not nailed down would suddenly go airborne.
![Page 782: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/782.jpg)
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
![Page 786: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/786.jpg)
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Since none of these questions
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The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Since none of these questions could be answered,…
![Page 788: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/788.jpg)
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
![Page 789: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/789.jpg)
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…then Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model
![Page 790: Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102700/546fca37af7959734d8b459c/html5/thumbnails/790.jpg)
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…then Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model remained unchallenged for 14 centuries.
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End of Part 1
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A Note from the Author~
If you liked my presentation, please email me at [email protected] and tell me why you liked it. I have made a powerpoint as thorough as this one for each Astronomy subject. I placed this one online just to see if it is getting any response and usage.
I am an Astronomy teacher in northern Virginia, age 50. I have taught Astronomy to the students of northern VA for 24 years.
Tom
March 24, 2012
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