PT0000. 00/00/04 Making a Standard Work - ENUM Commercialization and Experiences Presented to: ENUM...
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PT0000. 00/00/04 Making a Standard Work - ENUM Commercialization and Experiences Presented to: ENUM Summit 2005 Presented by: Robert W. Schafer & Ronan Lupton Date: 27 th June 2005
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Transcript of PT0000. 00/00/04 Making a Standard Work - ENUM Commercialization and Experiences Presented to: ENUM...
PT0000. 00/00/04
Making a Standard Work - ENUM Commercialization and Experiences Making a Standard Work - ENUM Commercialization and Experiences
Presented to: ENUM Summit 2005
Presented by: Robert W. Schafer & Ronan LuptonDate: 27th June 2005
Presented to: ENUM Summit 2005
Presented by: Robert W. Schafer & Ronan LuptonDate: 27th June 2005
10/04/233
House Keeping – Chatham Rule & Q&A House Keeping – Chatham Rule & Q&A
This workshop will be held under The Chatham House Rule which
will mean that participants are free to use the information received
following the meeting, but neither the identity nor the affiliation of
the audience speaker(s) may be revealed. It will allow people to speak as
individuals, and to express views that may not be those of their
organisations, and therefore it encourages free discussion which we
believe will be of benefit to all attending.
We plan to leave adequate time for questions and answers at the end,
Please note: There is no such thing as a stupid question!
10/04/234
DeliverablesDeliverables
• Achieving Delegation
• The dynamics of ENUM
• Numbering issues
• NAPTR – More than just access to ‘old world’ telephone numbers
• Moving from technology trial to operational reality
– Defining VoIP
– What is the regulatory debate about?
– Getting the regulatory focus right
– Remarks
• See it live!
• Concluding remarks
10/04/235
ENUM Hierarchy, Delegation and Registrars
10/04/236
ENUM Hierarchy, Delegation and RegistrarsENUM Hierarchy, Delegation and Registrars
The ENUM system (a.k.a., “golden tree”) has several levels commonly referred to as Tiers
The reference to “golden” for the tree structure is in place in order to ensure against erroneous operation and data or information flow
As DNS technology is proven to be extremely scalable, service providers, enterprises and registrars may also act as private solution providers within the ENUM environment
The following slide give a visible display of the logical hierarchies as unfolding in many countries today
10/04/237
The ENUM TiersThe ENUM Tiers
• Tier 0
– Top Level Domain: e164.arpa
• Tier 1
– Country Delegation (e.g., Ireland/+353 = 3.5.3.e164.arpa)
• Tier 2
– DNS Name Servers containing NAPTR records
10/04/238
Delegation Overview – Country to Regional RegistryDelegation Overview – Country to Regional Registry
• Delegation requests are sent to Regional Internet Registry (RIR)
– RIRs (ARIN / RIPE NCC / APNIC/LACNIC/AfriNIC)
• RIR acknowledges request
• RIR announces request
– To the public
– On website
– To the ITU TSB
• RIR tracks comments during a 60 working day period
• Pending ITU-T approval, delegation may proceed.
10/04/239
Achieving Delegation – Finding Tier 0Achieving Delegation – Finding Tier 0
• National Government or ministries would generally approach the ITU-Telecommunications Standardization Bureau along with their regional Internet Registries in order to apply for a trial or permanent .e164.arpa delegation.
Country Registry CC.e164.arpa
ARIN / RIPE NCC / APNIC/LACNIC/AfriNICITU - TSB IETF/IAB
USA/NANP CC1 LLCTier 1
10/04/2310
Trial Hierarchy – Developing StakeholdersTrial Hierarchy – Developing Stakeholders
• Getting through a delegation and establishing a trial for ENUM hierarchies and players would appear as follows:
• So where’s the competition? Where’s the money? Where’s the consumer?
Registrar Y Registrar Z
Country Registry e164.arpa
Registrar X
USA/NANP CC1 LLC
Tier 2
Tier 1
Tier 0
10/04/2311
Operational HierarchyOperational Hierarchy
• It is perceived that the fully operational ENUM hierarchy will look like this:
Large EnterpriseMedium ASPSmall ISP
Registrar Y Registrar Z
Country Registry e164.arpa
Registrar X
USA/NANP CC1 LLCTier 1
ENUM Registrants (End Users/Customers)
Competition space
Tier 2
Tier 1
Tier 0
10/04/2312
Competition Space – Zero Sum to Positive Sum?Competition Space – Zero Sum to Positive Sum?
• Competition is likely exist between the following ENUM entities:
– Tier 2 registrars or Telecom Service Providers (TSPs)
– Small Internet Service Providers
– Application Service Providers (ASPs)
– Medium to large enterprises (Supply Chain Partners)
– Secure Authentication providers / Enterprise Security Providers
10/04/2313
How will this work? – Competitive AdvantageHow will this work? – Competitive Advantage
Differentiation(Non-Price Value)
Lower Cost
CompetitiveAdvantage
CompetitiveAdvantage
10/04/2314
General StakeholdersGeneral Stakeholders
– ITU and RIRs
– National Governments
– Regulatory Authorities
– Tier 1 Registry
– Tier 2 Registrars
– ISPs
– ASPs
– Consumers
– Large Enterprises
– Equipment Vendors
– Security Agencies
– ITU and RIRs
– National Governments
– Regulatory Authorities
– Tier 1 Registry
– Tier 2 Registrars
– ISPs
– ASPs
– Consumers
– Large Enterprises
– Equipment Vendors
– Security Agencies
10/04/2315
The Dynamics of ENUM
10/04/2316
Problem: Address Complexity
email:[email protected]
http:www.jonathangreene.localisp.net
+1 214 786 4491
+1 214 891 0495
+1 214 890 6143
10/04/2317
Problem: IP Addresses Not Dialable
email:[email protected]
http:www.jonathangreene.localisp.net
Over a billion wireless andwireline customer devices
with keypads
10/04/2318
ENUM SimplifiedENUM Simplified
• Take a phone number
• Turn it into a domain
• Ask the DNS
• Return a list of URI’s
+353-1-506-9888
8.8.8.9.6.0.5.1.3.5.3.e164.arpa
DNS
mailto:[email protected]
10/04/2319
TIER 0
Tier 0 is the Top Level Domain, e164.arpa
The “Global” ENUM Tier
TIER 1
TIER 2 … …TIER 2 TIER 2
Basic ENUM DNS Architecture Basic ENUM DNS Architecture
Each Country Code will have its own Tier 1 registry
The “National” ENUM Tier
Specific information linked to each telephone number will be stored by service providers at the Tier 2 level
The “Competitive” ENUM Tier
10/04/2320
Privacy and SecurityPrivacy and Security
• Unlike PSTN translations, The DNS is PUBLIC SPACE!
• Solution is proxy addressing for ENUM records
• The person being contacted should decide:
– to whom they wish to communicate
– how they wish to communicate
– when they wish to communicate
• MCI customer portal and enhanced network capabilities are ideally suited to work with ENUM
• EPP provides a secure provisioning mechanism
10/04/2321
ProvisioningProvisioning
• Utilisation of EPP – Extensible Provisioning Protocol will assist registrars retain secure and efficient interworking with Tier 1 and End-Users of ENUM
• EPP supports the retrieval, creation, deletion and renewal of XML data elements in the / for the NAPTR records
• The extensions to the EPP for ENUM consist of XML data for E.164 domain names and for the NAPTR fields:
– Order
– Preference
– Flags
– Service
– Regular Expression
– Replacement
10/04/2322
ENUM DNS
Internet
Translation toInternet Address(es)
+1-214-891-0495
ENUM Enabled Applications
DNS
+1-972-7295798
Available Customer Profile Applications
+1-877-925-6987
http:\\www.joneselectronicsinc.com
fax:\\[email protected]
+1-202-924-9597
mail:\\[email protected]
im:\\[email protected]
10/04/2323
ENUM Value - Bridging VoIP IslandsENUM Value - Bridging VoIP Islands
abc.globalip.com xyz.sipnet.com
ENUM DNS
SIP server
SIP server
+1 214 891 0495
Session
10/04/2324
ENUM delegations approved
UK(44)
UAE(971)
Hungary(36)
Sweden(46)
Germany(49)
Finland(358)
Korea(82)
China (86)
Netherlands(31)
Poland(48)
Brazil(55)
Ascension(247)
Austria(43)
Romania(40)
St Helena(290)
Singapore(65)
Taiwan(886)
Australia(61)
Ireland(353)
France (33)
Switzerland (41)
Norway (47)
Liechtenstein (423)
Iceland (354)
Armenia(374)
Czech Republic(420)
Slovak Republic (421)
Japan (82)
10/04/2325
UK ENUM TrialUK ENUM Trial
• MCI joined Country Code 44 UK ENUM trial in 2003
• Trial ended late 2003 and trial report is now in the public domain
• MCI participated as an application service provider, using existing MCI telephone numbers in Country Code 44 to demonstrate ENUM support for IP connectivity independent of the PSTN
• Trial results collected provide information and experiences on how to implement ENUM in the commercial phase
10/04/2326
UK ENUM Trial Application-SIP Service Interworking
Calling Party
Internet
+441223381002
SIP Server
customeraddress
Proxy Server
Called Party
Service Provider X
ServiceProvider Y
ENUM DNS
10/04/2327
Ireland ENUM TrialIreland ENUM Trial
• MCI joined Irish ENUM Trial Group for Country Code 353 in 2004. This trial is just now concluding
• MCI participated as a Tier 2 Provider using existing Country Code 353 MCI telephone numbers to explore provisioning and interface capabilities with the Irish Tier 1 registry
• The Irish trial has now moved to construct a Policy Advisory Board in order to move the trial to production phase
10/04/2328
• CC1 ENUM Limited Liability Company
CC1 ENUM LLC formed last yearRFP for Tier 1 Registry ManagementKaren Mulberry-MCI is ChairmanTechnical Advisory CommitteeWebsite www.enumllc.com
• U.S. ENUM ForumForum developing U.S. requirementsRobert Schafer-MCI is AdministratorWebsite www.enumf.org
What about the U.S.?U.S. Government supports ENUM!
10/04/2329
MCI and ENUMMCI and ENUM
• ENUM provides a simple way around existing Internet address complexity using an address customers are already familiar with – telephone numbers
• MCI’s global network is well positioned to implement ENUM with existing and new services. ENUM nicely complements MCI’s robust network management and security platform
• ENUM will support customer communications on a global scale while increasing the degree of control they have over how and when, and to whom they communicate
10/04/2330
• ENUM can translate a familiar telephone number into any Internet address, working behind the scenes to simplify customer communications
• ENUM will support new customer applications, including find me/follow me, simple integrated conferencing, and directory services
• ENUM gives customers WORLDWIDE address translation capability, while safeguarding specific customer addresses from widespread exposure when combined with MCI’s global
network
What will ENUM do?What will ENUM do?
10/04/2331
Numbering Issues
10/04/2332
Numbering Numbering
Some common issues:
1. Numbering is viewed as a scarce national resource
2. Users dial E.164 numbers
3. Use of corporate dial plans
4. Numbering can be allocated based on population demographics
5. Numbering rules can detract from mobility
6. Need for and fear of nomadic numbers
10/04/2333
Fostering Good Numbering Policy for ENUMFostering Good Numbering Policy for ENUM
While numbering is important to nations unnecessary regulation can lead to stymied investment opportunities and lack of willingness to deploy new innovative services.
Good numbering policies for ENUM:
1. Regulators should allow ubiquitous access for all (national) publicly accessible numbers
2. Pay heed to existing legal requirements including emergency service access
3. Allow competition to develop by only regulating where regulation is needed e.g. introduction of new nomadic number ranges (UK, Ireland, Germany, Austria)
4. Preserving the interests of users while not impeding innovation and potential future markets
10/04/2334
NAPTR – More than just voice communication
10/04/2335
NAPTR - Naming Authority Pointer RecordNAPTR - Naming Authority Pointer Record
NAPTR – Naming Authority Pointer Record
• What is a NAPTR?
– A NAPTR is the logical “key” or service resource record residing with the Tier 2 registrar
• Where are NAPTRs located?
– The NAPTR is found via the DNS hierarchy, Tier 2 registry
• What is the NAPTR function?
– The NAPTR is the logical record that represents End User/Customer routing or desired choice of communications
10/04/2336
NAPTR – Looks like what?NAPTR – Looks like what?
**Recommend use of proxies for privacy reasons **
10/04/2337
Common mistakesCommon mistakes
• ENUM and NAPTRs are far more powerful and operate over and above the simple telephone network addressing we are all accustomed to in the Telephony world (See slide 39). Now we have control to nominate methods of communication
• If Plain Old Telephone numbers ever become obsolete or complementary the NAPTR would provide the required “glue” for seamless convergence
10/04/2338
Other services powered by ENUM/NAPTROther services powered by ENUM/NAPTR
• NAPTRs can point to various other service types such as:
– SIP
– Presence
– MMS
– SMS
– EMS
– Fax
– H.323
– Conferencing [Integrated]
10/04/2339
Moving from technology trial to operational reality?
10/04/2340
1. Making a trial a functional reality1. Making a trial a functional reality
Problem 1 - Competition
• Tier 1 Registry selection, only one organisation can run the Tier 1 registry thus ensuring the registry/registrar model, in a given nation state
• Tier 2 Registrars interact with and provide services to consumers, deciding on items such as:
– Service levels
– Service functionality
– Pricing
– Efficiency
– Reach
– Segmentation of Market
– Target market
– Position of Registrar (Mass Market, Enterprise, Wholesale)
10/04/2341
2. Making a trial a functional reality2. Making a trial a functional reality
Problem 2 – Standardisation
• Maintaining standard public ENUM implementations in order to facilitate public/national markets
• Maintaining requirements to foster interoperable “Private ENUM” so that communications can co-exist outside closed enterprises with private dial plans or secure communications platforms/arrangements
• Thus the selection of the .e164.arpa for telephone numbers. (ARPA - Address and Routing Parameters Area)
• General list of issues can be found in IETF RFCs
10/04/2342
3. Making a trial a functional reality3. Making a trial a functional reality
Problem 3 – Alternative Dial Plans
• Users rarely dial normal dial plans on corporate networks
• Not all numbers dialed are E.164 numbers
• Numbering policies are divergent based on the country of operation
• Natural domestic (mass market) consumers are used to dialing plans
• Dial plan information can/could be easily resolved using ENUM technology
10/04/2343
4. Making a trial a functional reality4. Making a trial a functional reality
Problem 4 – Registry / Registrar logic
• A Registry runs the DNS server for a specific name space
• A Registrar facilitates customers who want to have things registered but not directly with the registry
• Registry and Registrar operations may co-exist at Tier 2 level
• Registrars update, change or cancel customer data on the Registry and would be responsible for billing and other service issues
• Registries would interact with the DNS under each Country Code, in a country according to national/local policy
10/04/2344
5. Making a trial a functional reality5. Making a trial a functional reality
Problem 5 – Services Authentication and Provision
Customers / End-Users may choose service from a multitude of Tier 2 / service providers for:
– Sip/VoIP
– Telephony
– Web homepage
– Many more …
ENUM serves to announce the location of the service provided to the consumer regardless of who the underlying service provider actually is
National legislation may need amendment in order to foster greater electronically enabled sign-up and authentication in a converging world, while remaining compliant with Data Protection and Privacy rules
10/04/2345
ENUM Clearly is:ENUM Clearly is:
• Not about Carrier Selection or Carrier Pre-Selection
– It is the selection/nomination of services within a given service space
• Not about telco bypass or substitution
– It is a viable and efficient alternative to circuit switched technology
• Not about Number Portability
– It is a more efficient and broader IP address mechanism
• Not about changing national numbering plans
– It is conformant with the ITU-T E.164 standard
– It is conformant with national numbering administration and policies
It fully respects rights and prerogatives of national states and jurisdictions
10/04/2346
Regulation:How Is VoIP Defined by Regulators?
10/04/2347
There is No Universally Accepted Definition of VoIP There is No Universally Accepted Definition of VoIP
• ITU Study Group 2 Has Developed Consensus on Key Concept:
– IP Telephony: IP is an acronym for Internet Protocol. It is a communications protocol developed to support a packet switched network. The protocol has been developed by the IETF. IP telephony is the exchange of information primarily in the form of speech that utilizes a mechanism known as Internet Protocol. Internet telephony and VoIP are specific subsets of IP telephony.
– Internet Telephony: The combination of the term ‘Internet’ with the term telephony is seen as inappropriate. The Internet offers many capabilities to users including the ability to carry bi-directional speech in real-time or near real time. We consider this to be an intrinsic capability of the Internet and not a telecommunications service.
– Voice over IP (VoIP) – IP telephony in which the principal transmission network or networks are private managed, IP-based networks of any type, such as Voice-over-frame relay; voice over cable; voice-over-DSL, etc.
• WTO Initiatives – “Devil in the Details”
10/04/2348
•OECD Working Party on Telecom & Information Services Policies - “Trends in IP Technology: Their Impact on the Traditional Telephony Carrier World” (March 2002):
Key Conclusions:
– “Given the sheer size of the traditional telephony infrastructures it is reasonable to anticipate that integrated IP-based voice applications and traditional telephony may co-exist for many years…”
– “VoIP will be sold on feature functionality and the value of applications within which it has been integrated rather than purely on the traditional view of ‘cost per minute’ to the end user...…IP-based applications will foster new rather than replacement communications…”
10/04/2349
•European Commission Policy
– 1998 EC Notice concluded that Internet voice services do not constitute voice telephony UNLESS:
– They are offered commercially and separately to the public as voice services;
– They are offered to and from PSTN termination points; and
– They are offered in real time at the same level of speech quality and reliability as is offered by the PSTN.
– January 2001 communication reaffirmed the 1998 position observing, however, that the quality of IP telephony over a single network has improved.
– VoIP is not defined by new EC Communications Market Definition Recommendation issued in February 2003.
10/04/2350
ENUM is far more than VoIP however, Voice is component of ENUM!
Competition is the most effective form of regulation in this developing area
PT0000. 00/00/04
ENUM Applications and Network at WorkENUM Applications and Network at Work
Demonstration in collaboration with AG Projects
Mr. Adrian Georgescu, Founder and CEO AG Projects
Demonstration in collaboration with AG Projects
Mr. Adrian Georgescu, Founder and CEO AG Projects
10/04/2352
ENUM applications and clientsENUM applications and clients
• An application that uses ENUM lookups to perform routing logic is an ENUM application
• An ENUM client is part of the ENUM application and translated DNS requests into information understood by the application
• An ENUM resolver is a standard or modified DNS resolver that sits within the operating system of the device where the ENUM application runs
10/04/2353
ENUM componentsENUM components
10/04/2354
How to use ENUMHow to use ENUM
Is simple:
• Register a number in official e164.arpa tree
• Populate the zone with NAPTR records
• Lookup the records
Example used for the showcase:
• Register a +87810 number (with sip2sip.info)
• Map SIP address to the number (create also the SIP address)
• Map email address to the number
• Map a geo location to the number (web site or route planner)
• Lookup the records
10/04/2355
ENUM tools for this showcaseENUM tools for this showcase
• ENUM Tier 2 interface (http://managed-dns.info)
• ENUM client on Mac OSX
(courtesy of John Cundall/Roke Manor Research)
• Dig and nslookup utilities (standard DNS utilities)
• ENUM enabled web browser
(Firefox plug-in available from http://Falb.at)
• ENUM enabled SIP service (http://Sip2SIP.info)
• PSTN termination service (http://MCI.com)
Lets see ENUM at work:
Point you browser to http://mci.ag-projects.com
10/04/2356
Concluding remarksConcluding remarks
• ENUM is a standard that should be embraced – It’s a no brainer
• Global standards should ensure efficient roll-out and operations
• Regulation should remain no or very light touch
• Liberal numbering policy is essential
• National competitiveness and regional information society agenda’s will assist the rollout of ENUM
• Further questions and comments can be made to presenters at:
10/04/2357
Q&A Session
10/04/2358
ReferencesReferences
• 1 "Using E.164 numbers with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)" by J. Peterson et al. Internet Draft, IETF, September 2003. Work in progress.
• 2 RFC 3761: "The E.164 to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Application (ENUM)" by P. Falstrom and M. Mealing. IETF, April 2005.
• 3 RFC 3403: "Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Part Three: The Domain Name System (DNS) Database" by M. Mealing. IETF, October 2002.
• 4 RFC 2915: "The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record" by M. Mealing. IETF, September 2000.
• 5 RFC 3725: " Using E.164 numbers with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)" by J. Peterson et al. IETF, June 2004.
• 6 RFC 2782: "A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)" by A. Gulbrandsen et al. IETF, February 2000.
• 7 "IANA Registration for ENUM services email, fax, mms, ems and sms" by R. Brandner et al. Internet Draft, IETF, June 2004. Work in progress.
• 8 ESP-SOAP Connector White Paper for the ENUM-Trial project of T-Systems. September 2003, Berlin, Germany. http://www.enum-trial.de/
• 9 "E.164 Number Mapping for the Extensible Provisioning Protocol" by S. Hollenbeck. Internet Draft, IETF, August 2004. RFC 4114 June 2005.
• 10 "Privacy and Security Considerations in ENUM" by R. Shockey et al. Internet Draft, July 2003. work in progress.
• 11 RFC 2916 : “E.164 number and DNS” by Peter Falstrom, Cisco Systems/IETF, September 2000.
• 12 RFC 4002: IANA Registration for Enumservice 'web' and 'ft‘, R. Bradner, L. Conroy, R. Stastny, Internet memo. February 2005
• 13 “Numbering for VoIP and other IP Communications” R. Stastny OeFEG, October 2003
