Psychotherapy

Goals and Methods

Psychoanalytic Model

• Inspired by Freud• Assumed Problem:

unconscious forces, childhood experiences

• Goals: Reduce anxiety through self-insight “Talking Cure” - “Know Thyself”– Insight Therapy– Resistance - blocking– Free Association– Dream Analysis (latent)– Long Term

Humanistic Model• Assumed Problem: Barriers to self

understanding and self acceptance. • Goals: Personal growth through

self insight, congruence• Components: Unconditional

Positive Regard, Empathy, genuineness

• Client Centered Therapy (non-directive)– Client can express themselves

without worry of judgment.

• Carl Rogers- active listening, empathy, genuineness

Behavioral Model

• Assumed Problem: maladaptive behaviors based on the principals of learning.

• Goals: extinguish and replace maladaptive behaviors. – Systematic

Desensitization (exposure)

– Aversion Therapy– Token Economies

(operant)

+ =

Cognitive Model

• Cognitive Therapy (Aaron Beck)

• Assumed Problem: People engage in (negative) self talk that is false.

• Goals: Confront irrational thought processes. Replace neg./false thinking patterns.

• Change in belief change in emotion

Example:• Rational Emotive Therapy- RET

(Albert Ellis) Challenge the validity of clients statements.

98%

OH NO! I only got 98%.

Biological/Biomedical

Assumed Problem• Abnormalities in the

brain, brain structures, neurotransmitters.

Goals:• Drug Therapy/

Psychosurgery:– Drugs– ECT– Lobotomy