Psychopharmacology (the study of drug effects on mind and behavior)
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Transcript of Psychopharmacology (the study of drug effects on mind and behavior)
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Drug Therapies
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Drug TherapiesPsychopharmacology
(the study of drug effects on mind and behavior)
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Factors to consider with drug therapy:Normal recovery rate of untreated patientsPlacebo effect
Double blind procedure (neither staff nor patient know who has the placebo)
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Drug Therapy/Psychopharmacology
The first psychological drugs were administered in 1953 with the antipsychotic drugs.
In 1955, over ½ a million Americans were living in mental institutions, each staying an average of a few years. Then, with the introduction of tranquilizers, the number declined. By 1965, the number of patients was down to ¼ million, with most patients staying for only a few months.
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Drug Therapies & Mental Hospitals
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Drug Therapies
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Drug Therapies
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Drug Therapies & Mental Hospitals
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Drug Therapies
Antipsychotic drugsTreat Psychoses
(disorders in which hallucinations or delusions indicate some loss of contact with reality)
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Antipsychotics: How do they work?Block DopamineChlorpromazine (Brand name: Thorazine)
Diminishes responsiveness to irrelevant stimuliTreats positive Schizophrenia
Atypical antipsychotics (Clozaril)Positive and negative symptomsTarget Dopamine AND Serotonin
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Antipsychotics: Side Effects?
Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches (Parkinson’s disease)
Too little dopamineTardive Dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the facial muscles (such as grimacing), tongue, and limbs.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0EbgpyztCA
Obesity, diabetes
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Drug Therapies
Antianxiety drugsDepress central nervous system
Xanax, AtivanD-cycloserine
Used in conjunction with exposure therapyTherefore, treats PTSD and OCD
Are they a “cure”?
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Drug Therapies
Antidepressant drugsUse with mood and anxiety disorders
Target norepinephrine or serotoninIncrease mood and arousal
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Antidepressants
SSRI’s: Selective-Serotonin-Reuptake-Inhibitors
Fluoxetine (Prozac)Paxil, Zoloft
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Antidepressant Drugs: ProzacHow does it work?
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Antidepressant Drugs: ProzacHow does it work?
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Antidepressant Drugs: ProzacHow does it work?
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AntidepressantsSide effects: dry mouth, weight gain, hypertension, dizzy spells
Can be alleviated by wearing a patch instead of taking a pill (bypass intestines and liver)
Alternatives: Exercise and Cognitive therapy (positive thinking) often increase serotonin naturallyPlacebos account for 75% of drug effect
1 in 4 people on average need to try another antidepressant (is that the 25% that actually have a chemical imbalance?)
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Drug Therapies
Mood-stabilizing medications often help calm Mania (bipolar)
LithiumDepakote
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Truths About Drug Therapy…
Cannot cure any mental illnessCan alter the brain to suppress some symptomsCan have negative long term effectsCan be habit formingOften over prescribed