PSYCHOLOGY R

EVIEW

The U

NFAIR Gam

e

RULES• A prize will be rewarded to students for correctly

answering a question they are assigned.  Students are not permitted to talk or share answers during the game.  Students that do so will forfeit their right to earn a prize for that round.

• After I reveal the question, write your answer in your notebook. When time is called, I will select a student at random to answer. If that student answers correctly, he or she wins the prize. If not, I will move on to a new student.

• At the end of the game, the person with the winning answer gets the prize! How unfair!

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The __________ is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

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The ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

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The __________ is a neural impulse; it is a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon

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The ACTION POTENTIAL is a neural impulse; it is a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon

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__________ can be defined as any physical/verbal act intended to hurt or destroy

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AGGRESSION can be defined as any physical/verbal act intended to hurt or destroy

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__________ is defined as a state of uneasiness and apprehension

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ANXIETY is defined as a state of uneasiness and apprehension

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A(n) __________ is a psychological disorder in which a person is constantly nervous, anxious, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal for no apparent reason.

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A(n) ANXIETY DISORDER is a psychological disorder in which a person is constantly nervous, anxious, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal for no apparent reason.

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__________ is loss of speech due to injury in the brain.

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APHASIA is loss of speech due to injury in the brain.

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__________ : Speech disorder characterized by slow and broken speech: : __________ : Speech disorder characterized by lack of language comprehension and lack of meaningful language production

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BROCA’S APHASIA : Speech disorder characterized by slow and broken speech: : WERNICKE’S APHASIA : Speech disorder characterized by lack of language comprehension and lack of meaningful language production

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The ability for a computer to imitate intelligent human behavior is called __________ .

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The ability for a computer to imitate intelligent human behavior is called ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

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A __________ is a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information.

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A SCHEMA is a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information.

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__________ : including something into in an already existing schema : : __________ : changing one's existing schema to include new information

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ASSIMILATION : including something into in an already existing schema : : ACCOMODATION : changing one's existing schema to include new information

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__________ is defined as an emotional tie with another person; e.g.: shown by a young child seeking closeness to a parent or showing distress on separation

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ATTACHMENT is defined as an emotional tie with another person; e.g.: shown by a young child seeking closeness to a parent or showing distress on separation

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When an individual learns to avoid an unpleasant or stressful situation, this is called __________ .

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When an individual learns to avoid an unpleasant or stressful situation, this is called AVOIDANCE LEARNING

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Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes are called __________ .

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Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes are called BINOCULAR DEPTH CUES

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The brain and the spine make up the __________ .

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The brain and the spine make up the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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The part of the brain that controls muscles and motor abilities is the __________ .

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The part of the brain that controls muscles and motor abilities is the CEREBELLUM

FILL IN THE BLANKThe __________ is the intricate

fabric of interconnected neural cells in the brain and covers the left and right hemispheres. It is also known to have ultimate control over the brain and its information processing center.

FILL IN THE BLANKThe CEREBRAL CORTEX is the

intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells in the brain and covers the left and right hemispheres. It is also known to have ultimate control over the brain and its information processing center.

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__________ is a type of associative learning focused on rewarding wanted behavior

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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING is a type of associative learning focused on rewarding wanted behavior

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The __________ Theory says that when someone's actions go against their beliefs it causes them mental stress. The theory states that people will change to fix the inconsistency.

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The COGNITIVE DISSONANCE Theory says that when someone's actions go against their beliefs it causes them mental stress. The theory states that people will change to fix the inconsistency.

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The __________ is the neutral stimulus that is learned and eventually triggers a conditioned response, in the use of classical conditioning.

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The CONDITIONED STIMULUS is the neutral stimulus that is learned and eventually triggers a conditioned response, in the use of classical conditioning.

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In an experiment, the __________ group is not tested on; it is there for observation of baseline behavior.

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In an experiment, the CONTROL group is not tested on; it is there for observation of baseline behavior.

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Ranging from (-1) to (+1), the __________ is the mathematical expression of the relationship

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Ranging from (-1) to (+1), the CORRELATION COEFFICIENT is the mathematical expression of the relationship

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The research method used to study the relationship between one piece of data and another is called the __________ method.

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The research method used to study the relationship between one piece of data and another is called the CORRELATIONAL METHOD.

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A study in which people of different ages are compared with each other is called a __________ .

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A study in which people of different ages are compared with each other is called a CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

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The __________ are the branches of a neuron that receive the chemical signals from the synaptic gap.

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The DENDRITES are the branches of a neuron that receive the chemical signals from the synaptic gap.

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__________ is a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

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DNA (DEOXYRIBONEUCLEIC ACID) is a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

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The __________ is the variable which changes in response to manipulations of the independent variable

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The DEPENDENT VARIABLE is the variable which changes in response to manipulations of the independent variable

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__________ is a mood disorder that is marked by feelings of low self-worth or guilt and a reduced ability to enjoy life.

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DEPRESSION is a mood disorder that is marked by feelings of low self-worth or guilt and a reduced ability to enjoy life.

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__________ is the ability to perceive spatial relationships, especially the distance between things

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DEPTH PERCEPTION is the ability to perceive spatial relationships, especially the distance between things

FILL IN THE BLANKThe __________ is the aspect of

Freudian personality theory that operates on the "reality principle," satisfying the personality’s pleasurable desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.

FILL IN THE BLANKThe EGO is the aspect of Freudian

personality theory that operates on the "reality principle," satisfying the personality’s pleasurable desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.

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__________ scans that show the electromagnetic activity in the brain.

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EEG (ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPH) scans that show the electromagnetic activity in the brain.

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__________ is the concept that states that science should rely on observation and experimentation rather than random theorizing and surmising.

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EMPIRICISM is the concept that states that science should rely on observation and experimentation rather than random theorizing and surmising.

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__________ is the approach to psychology that focuses on the study of the evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection

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EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY is the approach to psychology that focuses on the study of the evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection

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In classical conditioning, when a conditioned response decreases or disappears it’s called __________ , because it’s no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

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In classical conditioning, when a conditioned response decreases or disappears it’s called EXTINCTION, because it’s no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

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__________ is a statistical procedure that enables researches to identify clusters of test items that measure a common ability

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FACTOR ANALYSIS is a statistical procedure that enables researches to identify clusters of test items that measure a common ability

FILL IN THE BLANKIn Freudian personality development

theory, when a conflict from an earlier psychosexual stage isn’t resolved, it’s called __________ . An example is someone who smokes may have some unresolved conflicts and are now focused on the oral psychosexual stage.

FILL IN THE BLANKIn Freudian personality development

theory, when a conflict from an earlier psychosexual stage isn’t resolved, it’s called FIXATION. An example is someone who smokes may have some unresolved conflicts and are now focused on the oral psychosexual stage.

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The __________ is a graphical illustration of the decline in memory retention over time

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The FORGETTING CURVE is a graphical illustration of the decline in memory retention over time

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__________ is a method in psychoanalysis where a person says whatever is on his/her mind. This free speech allows the analysis of unconscious thought.

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FREE ASSOCIATION is a method in psychoanalysis where a person says whatever is on his/her mind. This free speech allows the analysis of unconscious thought.

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The __________ of a wavelength is the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

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The FREQUENCY of a wavelength is the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

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__________ is an approach to psychology that looks at the factors that leads us to organize parts into a whole.

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GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY is an approach to psychology that looks at the factors that leads us to organize parts into a whole.

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According to Freudian personality theory, the __________ strives to satisfy basic sexual and agressive drives.

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According to Freudian personality theory, the ID strives to satisfy basic sexual and agressive drives.

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The __________ is the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

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The INDEPENDENT VARIABLE is the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

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__________ is a mental quality that includes the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

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INTELLIGENCE is a mental quality that includes the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

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An __________ is calculated by dividing a person's mental age by their chronological age and multiplying by 100.

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An INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (IQ) is calculated by dividing a person's mental age by their chronological age and multiplying by 100.

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The __________ is the minimum difference a person can detect between any two stimuli, 50% of the time

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The DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD is the minimum difference a person can detect between any two stimuli, 50% of the time

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The __________ is the tendency that people believe that the world is just and that people will get what they deserve and deserve what they get

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The JUST-WORLD PHENOMENON is the tendency that people believe that the world is just and that people will get what they deserve and deserve what they get

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__________ is learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

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LATENT LEARNING is learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

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The __________ , stated by Edward Thorndike, says that rewarded behavior is likely to recur.

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The LAW OF EFFECT, stated by Edward Thorndike, says that rewarded behavior is likely to recur.

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__________ is a type of research on conducted on a group of people over a long period of time

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LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH is a type of research on conducted on a group of people over a long period of time

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__________ is the argument over the influence of the extent genetic factors and environmental factors have on development and maturation

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NATURE VS. NURTURE is the argument over the influence of the extent genetic factors and environmental factors have on development and maturation

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A __________ strengthens a response by removing an aversive stimulus (ie. taking asprin to relieve a headache)

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A NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT strengthens a response by removing an aversive stimulus (ie. taking asprin to relieve a headache)

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A __________ is a chemical messenger that crosses a synaptic gap between another neuron.

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A NEUROTRANSMITTER is a chemical messenger that crosses a synaptic gap between another neuron.

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__________ is a type of learning where a behavior is strengthened by adding a reward (reinforcer) after, or weakened by adding a punishment afterwards.

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OPERANT CONDITIONING is a type of learning where a behavior is strengthened by adding a reward (reinforcer) after, or weakened by adding a punishment afterwards.

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The __________ theory states that color pairs of red-green, yellow-blue, and white-black enable color vision

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The OPPONENT-PROCESS theory states that color pairs of red-green, yellow-blue, and white-black enable color vision

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The __________ is a book by Charles Darwin, which introduced evolutionary biology (natural selection), and was widely criticized at the time

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The ORIGIN OF SPECIES is a book by Charles Darwin, which introduced evolutionary biology (natural selection), and was widely criticized at the time

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A __________ is an intense and irrational fear that prevents one from living a normal life.

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A PHOBIA is an intense and irrational fear that prevents one from living a normal life.

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The __________ explains experimental results caused by expectations (not actually caused by an independent variable)

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The PLACEBO EFFECT explains experimental results caused by expectations (not actually caused by an independent variable)

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A __________ increases the probability of behavior by adding a reward

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A POSITIVE REINFORCER increases the probability of behavior by adding a reward

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A __________ is an unreasonable attitude (usually negative) held by a person that is usually fueled by stereotyped beliefs and/or negative feelings.

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A PREJUDICE is an unreasonable attitude (usually negative) held by a person that is usually fueled by stereotyped beliefs and/or negative feelings.

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__________ is what happens when something you learn earlier disrupts your recall of something you experience later

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PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE (forward-acting) is what happens when something you learn earlier disrupts your recall of something you experience later

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__________ is what happens when new information makes it harder for you to recall something you learned earlier

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RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE (backwardacting) is what happens when new information makes it harder for you to recall something you learned earlier

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A __________ is a memory for skills, including perceptual, motor, and cognitive skills required to complete tasks

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A PROCEDURAL MEMORY is a memory for skills, including perceptual, motor, and cognitive skills required to complete tasks

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__________ is a theory of psychology that states that thoughts and actions stem from unconscious motives and conflicts

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PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY is a theory of psychology that states that thoughts and actions stem from unconscious motives and conflicts

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__________ is defined as consciously repeating information to increase the likelihood it will be encoded into memory.

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REHEARSAL is defined as consciously repeating information to increase the likelihood it will be encoded into memory.

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__________ is viewing an abstract concept as a concrete one (e.g., viewing IQ as a trait, like height)

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REIFICATION is viewing an abstract concept as a concrete one (e.g., viewing IQ as a trait, like height)

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The __________ controls the left half of the body and also perception of spatial and nonverbal concepts

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The RIGHT HEMISPHERE controls the left half of the body and also perception of spatial and nonverbal concepts

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A __________ is selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about that population

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A SAMPLE POPULATION is selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about that population

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Your __________ holds all your memories of what words and events mean.

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Your SEMANTIC MEMORY holds all your memories of what words and events mean.

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The __________ is the tendency to remember items in a list according to the place on the list.

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The SERIAL-POSITION EFFECT is the tendency to remember items in a list according to the place on the list.

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The __________ refers to our tendency to remember things at the beginning of a list.

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The PRIMACY EFFECT refers to our tendency to remember things at the beginning of a list.

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The __________ is our tendency to remember things at the end of a list

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The RECENCY EFFECT is our tendency to remember things at the end of a list

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Our __________ has the capacity to remember 7, plus or minus two, pieces of information.

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Our SHORT-TERM MEMORY has the capacity to remember 7, plus or minus two, pieces of information.

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A __________ is a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

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A STANDARD DEVIATION is a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

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__________ is the statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

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STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE is the statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

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__________ is the transforming of stimulus "energies" (like sights, sounds, and smells) into neural impulses that the brain can interpret.

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TRANSDUCTION is the transforming of stimulus "energies" (like sights, sounds, and smells) into neural impulses that the brain can interpret.

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The __________ is our sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance.

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The VESTIBULAR SENSE is our sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance.