Psychology in Action (8e)

by Karen Huffman

Chapter 10: Life Span Development II

Presented by:Mani Rafiee

Lecture Overview

Moral Development Personality Development Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood Grief and Death

Moral Development

Kohlberg developed a model of moral development based on responses to moral dilemmas.

Moral Development—Kohlberg’s Levels and StagesPRECONVENTIONAL LEVELStage 1: punishment-obedience orientationStage 2: instrumental-exchange orientationCONVENTIONAL LEVELStage 3: good child orientationStage 4: law-and-order orientationPOSTCONVENTIONAL LEVELStage 5: social-contract orientationStage 6: universal ethics orientation

Personality Development Thomas & Chess’s Temperament Theory

• Temperament: Basic, inborn disposition.

• Three temperament styles: easy, difficult and slow-to-warm-up.

• Styles seem consistent and enduring.

Personality Development: Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages

• Trust vs. mistrust (0-1 year)• Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1-3 years)• Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 years)• Industry vs. inferiority (6-12 years) • Identity vs. role confusion (adolescence)• Intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood)• Generativity vs. stagnation (middle adulthood)• Ego integrity vs. despair (late adulthood)

Personality Development—Myths of Development Myth #1- Adolescence is a time

of great storm and stress.

Myth #2- Most people experience a midlife crisis in their middle years.

Myth #3- Most parents experience a painful empty-nest syndrome when children leave home.

Personality Development—Myth of the Empty Nest Syndrome

Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Marriage

Research shows good marriages:

• Establish “love maps.”• Share power and provide mutual support.• Practice conflict management.• Share similar values, beliefs, interests, etc.• Create a supportive social environment.• Maintain a positive emphasis.

Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Families

Important family factors

in development: Violence Teen

pregnancy Divorce

Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood-Work and Retirement

Work: How can we find a career that best matches our personality and interests?

Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood-Work and Retirement Retirement: Should we

follow the activity, disengagement, or socio-emotional selectivity theory?

Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood—The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Grief and Death

Grief is a natural reaction to loss. Four Major Stages of Grief:

1. Numbness

2. Yearning

3. Disorganization/Despair

4. Resolution

Grief and Death

Cultures interpret and respond to death differently.

Grief and Death (Continued) Kübler-Ross developed a five stage theory of the

psychological processes surrounding death:

• Denial (“It can’t be true!”)• Anger (“Why me? It’s not fair!”) • Bargaining (“I’ll change everything!”)• Depression (“I’ve lost everything.”)• Acceptance (“I know my time is near.”)

Psychology in Action (8e)

by Karen Huffman

End of Chapter 10: Life Span Development II

Presented by:Mani Rafiee