Psychology Finals Review

Fall 2013

1. Observing subjects in their natural setting without getting involved is called.

a.naturalistic observation.b.participant observation.c.correlation.d.observer bias.e.creepy.

2. Any factor that is able to change is called a

a.control factor.b.placebo.c.correlation.d.variable.e.experimental factor

3. When an investigator (you) manipulates one or more factors to observe their effect (what they do) on some behavior or mental process while controlling other relevant factors by random assignment of subjects, this is called a(n):

A. Case studyB. ExperimentC. SurveyD. CorrelationE. Naturalistic Observation

4. A hypothesis is a(n): a. Testable prediction that gives direction to

research.b. way to organize facts.c. process of linking facts to deeper principles.d. set of principles that explains newly discovered

facts.e .passion to explore and understand without

misleading or being mislead

5. The following is an example of an operational definition:

A. he is stressed and doesn’t adjust to his environment.B. he engages in academic time by attending to material and

task, making the appropriate response, and asking for assistance in an appropriate manner.

C. she shows empathy and can understand the other person’s feelings.

D. all of the above.E. none of the above.

6. Which of the following correlation coefficients reflects the weakest correlation?A. +1.10B. -.64C. +.35D. -.10E. +.63

7. Consistently, we find low self-esteem is often related with high levels of depression. This means: A. low self-esteem causes depression.B. depression causes low self-esteem.C. low self-esteem and depression are caused by a third

factor.D. they are correlated but this does not prove causation.E. they prove causation due to their strength of

relationship.

8. Dr. Schulte wants to investigate if aggressive behavior in children is increased if they view violent videos. In this instance, the dependent variable is:

a) violent videos.b) aggressive behavior.c) a placebo.d) viewing the videos.e) the children viewing the videos

9. In an experiment, the group of participants who are NOT exposed to the treatment of interest is in the:a) control group.b) independent group.c) placebo group.d) experimental groupe) dependent group

10. Let’s say your hypothesis is that chocolate causes violent behavior. What should you do first clear up any questions about your hypothesis so others know what you are trying to research?

a) Create an independent variable b) Create an dependent variablec) Identify any confounding variabled) Operationally define these termse) Randomly assign your subjects

11. Most common type of study in psychology. It measures correlation, it is cheap and fast, but has a low-response rate would be known asa) a survey.b) a correlation.c) a case study.d) a naturalistic observation.e) a experiment.

12. This describes the strength between two variables.a) central tendencyb) frequency distributionc) scatterplot d) correlation coefficiente) mean

13. Any research that observes, records and does not talk about relationships, it just describes it is called:a) illusory correlation.b) experimental researchc) descriptive research d) correlational research e) replication

14 Mr. Soda found and was looking for in his experiment that more Americans enjoyed Coke than Pepsi. He blindfolded 100 people, had them taste each and then report. For better and more accurate results to prove Coke is better than Pepsi (though not true), you would recommend that Mr. Soda:A. should use other colas, too.B. should have tested non-Americans.C. should test many more subjects.D. should have some test 7-up.E. incorrectly tell the subjects what they are tasting to see if they

agree.

15 Seeing what one expects to see such as Students at Coastal Academy are “bad”. I knew it would be that way. I saw children argue and threaten each other, curse frequently, and disrespect their teachers multiple times (never seen anyone do that at Glynn Academy) What would this be called?

A. ReactivityB. Observer biasC. Hindsight biasD. Anthropomorphizing E. Overconfidence

16. Attributing one’s own mental states to those studied—including non-human organisms and artifacts is called:

A. ReactivityB. Observer biasC. Hawthorne effectD. Anthropomorphizing E. Barnum Effect

17. __________________ said our personality is based on three structures, id, ego, and superego..

A. Carl RodgersB. Sigmund FreudC. Abraham MaslowD. B.F. SkinnerE. William James

18. This researcher was considered the Mac Daddy of Operant Conditioning. He was a nurture guy through and through.

A. Carl RodgersB. John WatsonC. Wilhelm WundtD. B.F. SkinnerE. William James

19. __________________ was the leader in the functionalist movement.

A. Wilhelm WundtB. Jean PiagetC. Sir Francis GaltonD. William James

20 The first psychological laboratory was established by:

A. Wilhelm Wundt.B. Sigmund Freud.C. John Locke.D. B.F. Skinner.E. William James

21. This psychologist stated that as humans we need genuineness, acceptance and empathy for us to grow.

A. Sigmund FreudB. Wilhelm WundtC. John WatsonD. William JamesE. Carl Rodgers

22. This psychologist studies the structure and function of the brain as they relate to specific psychological processes and behaviors.

A. Evolutionary PsychologistB. Clinical PsychologistC. Forensic PsychologistD. Health PsychologistE. Neuropsychologist

23. This psychologist focuses on how biological, social and psychological things influence physical well being.

A. Evolutionary PsychologistB. Developmental PsychologistC. Forensic PsychologistD. Health PsychologistE. Neuropsychologist.

24. The part of a sending neuron that is responsible for the transmission (communication) of neural messages to the other receiving neurons is called the:

A. dendritesB. synapseC. neurotransmittersD. axon terminalE. cell body

25. Voluntary movements, such as writing with a pencil, are direct by the:

A. sympathetic nervous systemB. parasympathetic nervous systemC. somatic nervous systemD. autonomic nervous systemE. endocrine system

26. Following a head injury, a person has ongoing difficulties staying awake or paying attention. Most likely, the damage occurred to the:

A. medullaB. hippocampusC. corpus callosumD. reticular formationE. cerebellum

27. What part of the brain is found at the base of the brainstem and controls heartbeat and breathing?

A. Pituitary glandB. Medulla oblongataC. Reticular formationD. CerebellumE. Thalamus

28. The parietal lobes are to ____________ as the temporal lobes are to _____________.A. hearing; sensing movementB. seeing; sensing touchC. sensing pleasure; sensing painD. sensing touch; hearingE. speaking; hearing

29. If you fell backwards and hit the back of your head very hard on a concrete sidewalk (ouch!), you can expect to have problems with which of the following? (Hint: Think where the lobes are located.)A. tastingB. thinkingC. seeingD. hearingE. talking

30. Damage to the temporal lobe of the brain would be most harmful to the career ofA. a gymnastB. an architectC. a painterD. a teacherE. a musician

31. The knee-jerk reflex or pulling a hand from a stove burner is controlled by interneurons in the:A. limbic systemB. spinal cordC. brainstemD. cerebellumE. frontal lobe

32. Branching fibers extending out from the cell body to receive information from other neurons are called: A. axons.B. glial cells.C. dendrites.D. axon terminals.E. neurotransmitters

33. What structure is found in the hindbrain? A. HippocampusB. Cerebellum C. Amygdala D. HypothalamusE. Corpus callosum

34. The medulla oblongata is to the control of ____________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ______________. A. eating; sleepingB. breathing; walkingC. emotion; motivationD. memory; attentionE. hearing; seeing

35. So you got chopped blocked (yeah, I said chopped blocked!!!!) in the back of your neck and then you couldn’t make your facial expressions, you may have damaged your: A. medulla oblongata (cooool!!!!!). B. pons. C. cerebellum. D. hypothalamus. E. amygdala

36. When Coach Knowles brought the thunder, Ali learned to fear volleyball spikes because of this traumatic event. When Ali’s fear was acquired there was probably a significant amount of neural activity inA. her amygdalaB. Wernicke’s areaC. her hypothalamusD. her temporal lobeE. her sensory cortex

37. After Sam’s stroke, he had difficulty hearing and is unable to see as well. He likely had damage to his: A. occipital and frontal lobes. B. frontal lobe and temporal lobes. C. parietal and frontal lobes. D. temporal and occipital lobes.E. parietal and occipital lobes

38. In an attempt to look comfortable and relaxed as he was speaking with his significant other (my extra ID), Neil placed his hand casually down on the counter top, but he misjudged his place in the kitchen and placed his palm of his hand on a hot stove burner (a major loss of cool points). His hand immediately recoiled before he knew it was hot (but he would soon know). The sequence of this reflex is: A. motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neuronsB. sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons.C. sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons.D. interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons.E. interneurons, motor neurons, sensory neurons.

39. The ability to voluntarily move your skeletal muscles resides (located) in what system.

A. para-somatic nervous systemB. autonomic nervous system C. somatic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system E. parasympathetic nervous system

40. Dr. Knowles was conducting an experiment on the effects of stimulating the rewards centers of a rat’s brain. Inadvertently, he inserted an electrode into this part of the brain causing the rat to attack his fellow rat mates. The ensuing carnage (massacre) was epic, like a scene from the movie 300.A. thalamusB. sensory cortexC. amygdalaD. hypothalamusE. hippocampus

41.Electroencephalogram (EEG)

42. Computerized Tomography (CT)

43. Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)

44. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

45. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A. More detailed picture of brain using magnetic field to knock electrons off axis.

B. A combination of these scansC. Measures how much of a

chemical the brain is using (usually glucose consumption) when performing a task.

D. 3D X-Ray of the brain. Good for tumor locating, but tells us nothing about function.

E. Detects brain waves through their electrical output and is used mainly in sleep research.

46. The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n):

A. EEGB. MRIC. PET scanD. Brain lesionE. X-ray

47. An adolescent’s occasional impulsive and immature behavior (Joe, that language was uncalled for) is at least partly a reflection of the last brain area to mature, the:

A. frontal cortex.B. temporal lobes.C. sensory cortex.D. parietal lobes.E. motor cortex

48. We have a 24 hour biological clock and our body temperature and awareness changes throughout the day. What is this called?

A. daily regimens.B. circadian rhythms.C. sleep-wake cycles.D. lunar cycles.E. biological timer

49. Addiction and physical drug dependence involves these two factors:

a. Tolerance and Withdrawalb. Drug Type and Amountc. Quantity and Frequencyd. Psycho-Activity and Abusee. Drug Type and Frequency

50. Which of the following is an amphetamine that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

a. Marijuanab. Nembutalc. Ecstasyd. LSDe. Xanax

51. The large slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called:

a. Alpha Wavesb. Beta Wavesc. Delta Wavesd. Theta Wavese. Sleep Spindles

52. Deep sleep appears to play an important role in:

a. Viral Infectionsb. Sleep Apneac. Paradoxical Sleepd. Dissociatione. Restoration

53. What part of the brain is responsible for the neural impulses in Activation Synthesis Theory of dreams

a. Medulla oblongatab. Ponsc. Cerebellumd. Forebraine. Hypothalamus

54. Dreams are a way to deal with the stresses of everyday life is part of what dream theory?

a. Information Processingb. Wish Fulfillmentc. Activation Synthesisd. Social Influencee. Divided Consciousness

55. In this stage of sleep you can be easily awaken, spout catchy phrases like,“I ain’t sleep”, as well as have hallucinations, feel like you’re falling, and be abducted by aliens.

a. Stage 1b. Stage 2c. Stage 3d. Stage 4e. REM Sleep

56. About three hours after he falls asleep, Coach Knowles often sits up in bed screaming incoherently (or singing like ODB (R.I.P. of Wu Tang, I mean, what’s the difference, really?). His wife tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Knowles suffers from:

a. night terrorsb. narcolepsyc. night rapping and “spitting hot fire”d. sleep apneae. insomnia

57. This stage is often called paradoxical sleep (internally aroused, but externally calm). Your breathing, heart rate and brain wave activity quicken.

a. Stage 1b. Stage 2c. Stage 3d. Stage 4e. REM Sleep

58. Hypnosis has been associated with quackery (not respected, fake), thanks to the false claims of “animal magnetism” made by:

a. Sigmund Freudb. Ernst Hilgardc. Martin Orned. William Demente. Anton Mesmer

59. Advocates (Supporters) of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that:

a. hypnosis is a unique state of consciousnessb. hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of

good hypnotic subjectsc. the process of dissociation best explains hypnotic

phenomena.d. Most hypnotized people are consciously faking

hypnosise. Hypnotic susceptibility is positively correlated

with introversion.

60. Supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis:

a. posthypnotic amnesia.b. hypnotic amnesia.c. command amnesia.d. posthypnotic suggestion.e. hypnotic suggestion

61.Alcohol consumption can make people MORE:

a. Fearful (more afraid)b. Timid (not aggressive)c. self-conscious (embarrassed)d. sexually inhibited (shy)e. self-disclosing (TMI stories)

62. A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria (joy) followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of:

a. marijuanab. cocainec. LSDd. Barbituratese. Methamphetamine

63. An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images (hallucinations) and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of:

A. heroinB. cocaineC. barbituratesD. marijuanaE. LSD

64. Repeated use of an opiate:A. increases the brain’s reproduction of

endorphins.B. decreases heart and breathing rates.C. does not seem to be followed by serious

withdrawal symptoms.D. triggers auditory as well as visual

hallucinations.E. all of the above.

65. This drug stimulates neural activity for hours, causing accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes, with devastating effects.A. AlcoholB. LSDC. OpiatesD. AmphetaminesE. Crack

66.Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?A. night terrorsB. insomniaC. sleepwalkingD. narcolepsyE. sleep apnea

67. How long does it take to pass through all five sleep stages?

A. 50-60 minutesB. 60-70 minutesC. 70-80 minutesD. 80-90 minutesE. 90-100 minutes

68. The knee-jerk reflex or pulling a hand from a stove burner is controlled by interneurons in the:

A. limbic systemB. spinal cordC. brainstemD. cerebellumE. frontal lobe

69.What part of the brain helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance, also called the “little brain”?

A. Pituitary glandB. Medulla oblongataC. Reticular formationD. CerebellumE. Thalamus

70. This psychologist used the method of introspection in his “research” to describe conscious experiences.

A. Sigmund FreudB. Wilhelm WundtC. John WatsonD. William JamesE. Carl Rodgers

71. The muscle that adjusts the center of the eye will change in light. This opening is called ___.

A.foveaB.irisC.CorneaD.PupilE.lens 

72. Analysis of the stimulus begins with the sense receptors and works up to the level of the brain and mind.

A.sensory processing.B.bottom-up processing.C.top down processing.D.informational flow.E.natural order integration.

73. A movie theater’s manager wants to sell more popcorn by flashing subliminal advertising during the previews. You tell him:

A.flash his ad with a soft drink.B.he needs to do it several times.C.he must accompany it with a bell.D.the effects are subtle and fleeting.E.subliminal persuasion does work.

74. In farsightedness, the light rays coming into the eye:

A.fail to focus in the eye.B.focus in front of the retina.C.focus behind the retina.D.always register as a blur.E.are diverted by a defective cornea.

75. Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes as we construct perceptions, drawing on our experience and expectations.

A.Bottom-up ProcessingB.Top-Down ProcessingC.ProsopagnosiaD.PsychophysicsE.Sensory Adaptation

76. Stimuli that are below one’s absolute threshold, at times, beyond conscious awareness.

A.Subliminal ThresholdB.Difference ThresholdC.Weber’s LawD.Sensory AdaptationE.Sensory Interaction

77. Although Troy was sitting right next to Aaron, he smelled a “skunk” minutes before Aaron did (yeah mmm hmmm, whoever smelt it, etc. etc.). Apparently, Troy has a lower _________ for “skunk” odor than Aaron.

A. accommodation levelB. absolute thresholdC. tolerance levelD. olfactory saturation levelE. sensory adaptation

78.You walk into G-Will’s house who owns 5 cats, and are hit by a wall of stench that makes the skin on your face peel. He says with a smile, “I don’t smell anything”. He doesn’t like to change the cat box and his mom is out of town. This is an example of :

A. Subliminal ThresholdB. Difference ThresholdC. Weber’s LawD. Sensory AdaptationE. Sensory Interaction

79. The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the:

A) blind spotB) irisC) visual cortexD) pupilE) cornea

80. Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance?

A. interpositionB. convergenceC. closureD. texture gradientE. connectedness

81. Allison knew the red pencil was closer to her then the yellow pencil because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one. This illustrates the importance of the distance cue know as:

A. relative sizeB. proximityC. linear perspectiveD. relative heightE. interposition

82. The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cues known as:

A. interpositionB. convergenceC. relative heightD. linear perspectiveE. continuity

83. In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of a gorilla or moonwalking bear sauntering (strolling) across the screen (and let’s admit that this “moonwalking” was suspect). This illustrated:

A. Perceptual constancyB. Inattentional blindnessC. Retinal disparityD. Stroboscopic movementE. Selective attention

84. Distant sky was located closer to the top of the artist’s canvas than were the nearby mountains. The artist was clearly using the distance cue known as:

A. Linear perspectiveB. Texture gradientC. Relative heightD. Relative clarityE. Interposition

85. The steady increasing size of the retinal image of an approaching object is especially important for perceiving the object’s:

A. Shape B. Relative clarityC. MotionD. HeightE. Weight

86. A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber’s weapon that she failed to receive important features of the criminal’s physical appearance (what he OR she looked like). A. Visual captureB. Perceptual setC. Retinal disparityD. Selective attentionE. The phi phenomenon

87. Which of the following is a cue that is being misrepresented in this picture?

A. ConvergenceB. ContinuityC. InterpositionD. ClosureE. Connectedness

88. When there is a conflict between bits of information received by two or more senses, which sense tends to dominate the others? In other words, if there was a steel cage death match, who would dominate

A. Hearing B. VisionC. SmallD. TouchE. Taste

89. Even though Aaron, Troy, and Michael were all sitting behind the same bowling lane, Ali perceived that they were all individuals trying to bowl on the same lane. She said to herself, “That’s really weird. Why are they all playing on the same lane?? That would be awkward. This best illustrates that Ali is unaware of the organization principle of:

A. ProximityB. ConvergenceC. ClosureD. ContinuityE. Connectedness

90. Officer Joe is in a car chase when she views a car entering her peripheral vision. This denotes (shows) the importance of what sensory receptors?

A. binocular cuesB. foveaC. conesD. rodsE. monocular cues

91. As Farmer Andrew and infamous human beat box

enthusiast (nice combo) looked across the field, the parallel rows of young corn plants appeared to converge in the distance. This provided him with a distance known as:

A. proximityB. linear perspective C. closureD. continuityE. interposition

92.Shockingly, those who talk, look at magazines, lay their heads down on desks, and/or daydream while Knowles lectures and find they haven’t learned the material. This would best illustrates:

A. Visual captureB. Perceptual setC. Retinal disparityD. The phi phenomenonE. Selective attention

93.Blood sugar is too high, this may cause blood to leak in the retina causing small hemorrhages around the eye and loss of blood flow to the retina. This may result in vision loss.

A. CataractsB. ConjunctivitisC. GlaucomaD. Retinal detachmentE. Diabetic Retinopathy

94.The process of encoding refers to:A. the persistence of learning over timeB. the recall of information previously learnedC. getting information into memoryD. the motivated forgetting of painful memoriesE. a clear memory of an emotionally significant

event

95.Henry M had what kind of amnesia?A. retrogradeB. anterogradeC. proactiveD. reactiveE. retroactive

96.When a person must identify an item amongst other choices, this is called:

A. recallB. relearningC. retentionD. recognitionE. priming

97.Atkinson-Schiffrin’s classic three-stage model of memory (1968) does not include:

A. short term memoryB. long term memoryC. sensory memoryD. working memoryE. all above are in the model at various stages

98. Organizing items into a familiar, manageable unit is called:

• a. linking method• b. chunking• c. hierarchy• d. method of loci• e. phonemic

99. Complex information broken down into broad concepts and further subdivided into categories and subcategories is called:

• a. linking method• b. chunking• c. hierarchy• d. method of loci• e. phonemic

100. New information (Ice, Ice Baby) makes it harder to recall something you learned (heard) earlier (Under Pressure) is called ___________ interference. Example in your notes:

- Learning French (oui),- then Spanish (si), - then doing poorly on a French test (no comprendo, that’s why).• a. retrograde• b. anterograde• c. proactive• d. reactive• e. retroactive

101. Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle without ANY conscious recollection that one can do so best illustrates __________ memory– a. semantic– b. explicit– c. flashbulb– d. implicit– e. sensory

102. Cerebellum is to _________ memory as hippocampus is to _________ memory

• a. short term; long term• b. long term; short term• c. implicit; explicit• d. explicit; implicit• e. iconic; echoic

103. The duration of the working memory is about how long (You are going to get this one WRONG!!!!!!, insert maniacal laughter here) .

• a. 15 second• b. 18 seconds• c. 20 seconds• d. 22 seconds• e. 20 minutes

104. Making sense of information as meaningful occurs in the process of ___ so that we may store it in memory.

• a. construction• b. flashbulb• c. encoding• d. sensory memory• e. retrieval

105. Coach Knowles was trying to watch the last seconds of an overtime thriller between the Celtics and the Lakers and his wife, Jennifer was talking to him. She said, “You not even listening to me”. Knowles replied with a shocked look and repeated what she had just said word for word before her accusation. Shortly thereafter, Knowles sustained minor injuries to his shoulder and arm because of his inattention. His ability to hear what his wife said and repeated it back to her without paying attention is an example of sensory memory:

A) Iconic B) Hepatic C) Auditory D) Echoic E) Olfactory

106. Alan Baddeley (2002) stated working memory contains _______ and __________processing controlled by the central executive.

A)Echoic; iconic B)Visual; auditory C)Visual; echoic D)Iconic; auditory E) Visual; hepatic

107. The “serial position effect” describes our tendency to:

A)remember what we had for breakfast. B)remember things when they are in numerical order. C)remember the first and last items of a list more

successfully. D)remember the first items of the list more often

than the last ones. E)remember the that we need to study over time to

retain the information more thoroughly.

108. Using a method such as, “one is a bun, two is a shoe, etc.” to help you remember is a ____ device called a ____ system.

A. mnemonic; method of lociB. mnemonic: chunking C. mnemonic; linking methodD. mnemonic; peg wordE. mnemonic; acronyms

109. The ____ of the brain plays a major role in the formation of new, explicit memories.

A. hippocampusB. cerebellum C. hypothalamus D. amygdala E. parital lobes

110. This does not necessarily results in long-term memory, involves shallow processing. It involves continuously repeating the to-be-remembered material.

A. method of lociB. link methodC. elaborative rehearsalD. maintenance rehearsal E. mnemonics

111. Sperling (1960) studied sensory memory he came to the conclusion that subjects had 100% recall when subjects were asked to

A. report all lettersB. partially report a certain lineC. partial report a certain line with time delayD. 100% recall was not possibleE. Sensory memory does not have any memory

112.Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called:

a. heuristics.b. semantics.c. prototypes.d. algorithms.e. fixations.

113.A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called:

a) framing.b) insight.c) a heuristic.d) belief perseverance.e) an algorithm.

114.When given a candle, tacks, and a box of matches and asked to mount the candle on a wall, people often fail to think of using the matchbox as a candleholder. This best illustrates:

a) overconfidence.b) functional fixedness.c) confirmation bias.d) the availability heuristic.e) the framing effect.

115.Many people perceive carjackings as more serious threats to their lives than failing to use seatbelts because carjackings are so much more memorable. This best illustrates the importance of:

a) belief perseverance.b) the representativeness heuristic.c) confirmation bias.d) the availability heuristic.e) functional fixedness.

116.Herman Ebbinghaus showed this with his forgetting curve. He stated poor durability of stored memories leads to their decay. What is this called?

a) proactive interference.b) anterograde amnesiac) retroactive interference.d) retrograde amnesia.e) transience

117.Mary was out of coffee filters. She did not think of using a paper towel, so she went without coffee. Her failure was one of:

a. representativeness heuristic.b. algorithms.c. functional fixedness.d. availability heuristic.e. mental set.

118.Labeling mass killings as a “population reduction” would not sound as awful as the word “genocide” This is an example of:

a) belief perseverance. b) framing.c) overconfidence. d) exaggerated fear.e) belief bias

119. Because of the _____________________, a newborn who is touched anywhere around the mouth will move her head and mouth toward the source of the touch.a. Grasping reflexb. Rooting reflexc. Maturationd. Startle reflexe. Babinski reflex

120. The development of the brain unfolds based on genetic instructions, causing various bodily and mental functions to occur in sequence— standing before walking, babbling before talking—this is calleda. Habituationb. Dishabituationc. Maturationd. Accommodatione. Assimilation

121. In _________________, adults are the bosses and children have no right to question their parents.a. Democratic familiesb. Authoritarian familiesc. Permissive familiesd. Authoritative familiese. Laissez-faire families

122. A young child who sees a cow for the first time calls it a "doggie." This illustrates the process of:

a. accommodation.b. object permanence.c. conservation.d. reversible thinking.e. assimilation.

123. A response to a touch on the palm of the hand is called _____________.

a. Grasping reflexb. Rooting reflexc. Maturationd. Startle reflexe. Babinski reflex

124. The first stage in Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development is the ___ stage. a. concrete operationsb. preoperationalc. sensorimotord. formal operationse. conservation

125. The adjustment of one’s schema to include newly observed events and experiences is called _______________.a. conservationb. object permanencec. assimilationd. accommodatione. imprinting

126. When a child can understand abstract ideas, they have reached

this cognitive stage?A. concrete operationsB. preoperationalC. sensorimotorD. formal operationsE. conservation

127. The developing brain overproduces neurons peaking around 28 billion at 7 months while in

utero. When the child is born, they are then pruned to 23 billion. This process called

____________ (programmed cell death). A. mitosisB. accommodationC. teratogenD. apoptosisE. farfegnugen

128. Mrs. Pearson cut Judy’s hot dog into eight pieces and Sylvia’s into six pieces. Sylvia cried because she felt she

wasn’t getting as much hot dog as Judy. Piaget would say that Sylvia doesn’t understand the principle of:

A. object permanenceB. conservationC. assimilationD. egocentrismE. accommodation

129. An adolescent’s occasional impulsive and immature behavior is at least partly a reflection of the last brain area

to mature (i.e., What part is involved in judgment and decision making), the:

A. frontal cortex.B. temporal lobes.C. sensory cortex.D. parietal lobes.E. motor cortex

130. Though considered unusual, a baby, in response to a loud sound, will display the __________ reflex

where their appendages fly outward.

A. Grasping B. Rooting C. MaturationD. Moro E. Babinski

131. Mr. and Mrs. Knowles can’t wait to begin toilet training their year-old daughter. The

Knowles most clearly need to be informed about the importance of:

A. accommodationB. imprintingC. attachmentD. habituationE. maturation

132. Karen Wynn (1992) discovered that by showing possible and impossible outcomes that

five month old infants

A. understand that objects are distinct entities with boundaries

B. are capable of addition and subtractionC. understand the basic properties of objectsD. are capable of conservationE. are able to perform some concrete

operational thought.

133. When an attachment figures is not responsive their children, those children will have a hierarchy of attachment behaviors develop due to increasing fear and anxiety. Which behavior on this list is NOT part of this hierarchy?A. Visual checkingB. Signaling to re-establish contactC. Calling and PleadingD. WithdrawnE. Moving to re-establish contact

134.If the attachment figure is consistently detached, inattentive, and unresponsive to their child, the child will more than likely be?

A. preoccupied with the attachment figure

B. avoidant of contact C. clinging D. anxious

135. According to Freud, children develop unconscious sexual desires for the parent of the opposite sex during the _______ stage.A. oralB. genitalC. phallicD. analE. latency

136. Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as:A. reaction formation.B. projection.C. fixation.D. displacement.E. repression.

137. _________is the fear of strangers that develops at around 8 months. Infants form schemas for familiar faces and cannot __________ a new face

A. Stranger anxiety; assimilate B. Stranger anxiety; accommodate C. Insecure attachment; assimilate D. Insecure attachment; accommodate.

138. According to Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development, adolescence must deal with the psychosocial conflict of:

A. trust vs. mistrust. B. identity vs. role confusion.C. industry vs. inferiority.D. initiative vs. guilt.E. autonomy vs. shame and doubt

139. In _________________, adults develop a parenting style in which children only follow what the rules are and the children have no say (“My way or the highway”).A. Democratic familiesB. Authoritative familiesC. Permissive familiesD. Laissez-faire familiesE. Authoritarian families

140. This psychologist studied object permanence in child as young as 3 months in age with this experiment.

a) Rovee-Collierb) Renee’ Baillargeon c) Philip Zimbardo d) Jacob Knowltone) Martin Tealmen

141. In this picture, what factor should be considered in determining if this type of behavior is categorized outside the norm?a) Time periodb) Ethnicityc) Raced) Environmente) Culture

142. In the 1800’s, disturbed people were no longer thought of as madmen, but as mentally ill. They were first put in hospitals. Early mental hospitals were nothing more than barbaric prisons. Who was the French doctor who was the first to say take the chains off and declare these people are sick. He said to talk to them, be active, and trade brutality for gentleness.a) Philip Zimbardob) Sigmund Freudc) Jean Piagetd) Phillip Pinele) David Rosenhan

143. DSM V does NOTa) classify disorders and describe the symptoms.b) explain the causes or possible cures.c) help healthcare professionals when

communicating with one another and establishing therapy.

d) have critics that argue that labels may stigmatize individuals.

e) have a new edition coming out in this month

144. If a person is diagnosed with a Personality Disorder, this would be listed on the DSM-V on:

a) Axis I.b) Axis II.c) Axis III.d) Axis IV.e) Axis V.

145. Feelings of high energy where people get (over)confident, some get irritable, some do risky behavior all describe what type of behavior.

a) Depressionb) Manicc) Manic and Depressiond) Somatoform Disordere) Seasonal Affective Disorder

146. Dracula sent his minion to bite the kneck of Knowles. That night, Knowles was bitten and fell into a coma like state. He was buried and arose 3 days later, a full-fledged vampire. Evaluating his situation, he realized this

would not be a good situation for him because he had a phobia of blood and closed spaces (so much for the sleeping in the coffin). He put on some sun glasses and walked outside into the noon day sun. What two phobias did he suffer from?A. Agoraphobia, claustrophobiaB. Hemophobia, claustrophobiaC. Claustrophobia, altophobiaD. Hemophobia, AgoraphobiaE. Hemophobia, Altophobia

147. In treating mental health issues, this type of will try to change the way we view the world (change our schemas) is called:

A. Somatic TherapyB. Psychoanalytic C. CognitiveD. BehavioralE. Psychosurgery

148. Aversive (making one dislike) Conditioning, Systematic desensitization and Flooding all fall under what type of therapy

A. Somatic TherapyB. Psychoanalytic C. CognitiveD. BehavioralE. Psychosurgery

149. This picture (of two Stitchs kissing a baby) would be an example of this assessment?

A. Theme Perception TestB. Rorschach TestC. DSM IVD. Thematic Apperception TestE. Personality Test

150. This picture (a woman discreetly examining a scab on her knee) would be an example of this assessment?

A. Theme Perception TestB. Rorschach TestC. DSM IVD. Thematic Apperception TestE. Personality Test