Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy,...

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Psychological Psychological Disorders Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman

Transcript of Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy,...

Page 1: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Psychological DisordersPsychological Disorders

Dr. Stephen Landman

Page 2: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Disorders Usually First Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Diagnosed in Infancy,

Childhood, or AdolescenceChildhood, or Adolescence

Mental Retardation; Learning DisordersMental Retardation; Learning Disorders

Communication DisordersCommunication Disorders

Autistic Spectrum DisordersAutistic Spectrum Disorders

Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersAttention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Feeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early ChildhoodFeeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early Childhood

Tic DisordersTic Disorders

Other Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence: Other Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence: Selective Mutism | Separation Anxiety Disorder | Reactive Selective Mutism | Separation Anxiety Disorder | Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood | Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood | Stereotypic Movement DisorderStereotypic Movement Disorder

Page 3: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Mental RetardationMental Retardation

Mild Mental Retardation:Mild Mental Retardation: IQ level 50-55 to IQ level 50-55 to approximately 70approximately 70

Moderate Mental Retardation:Moderate Mental Retardation: IQ level 35-40 to 50- IQ level 35-40 to 50-5555  

Severe Mental Retardation:Severe Mental Retardation: IQ level 20-25 to 35-40 IQ level 20-25 to 35-40   Profound Mental Retardation:Profound Mental Retardation: IQ level below 20 or IQ level below 20 or

2525

Page 4: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Pervasive Developmental Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)Disorders (PDD)

Severe impairment pervades broad Severe impairment pervades broad areas of social and psychological areas of social and psychological development in childrendevelopment in children

Asperger's Disorder | Autistic Disorder | Childhood Disintegrative Disorder | Rett's Disorder

Page 5: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Asperger's Disorder (AD)Asperger's Disorder (AD)

Asperger's (or AS) is one of several autism spectrum Asperger's (or AS) is one of several autism spectrum disorders (ASD) characterized by difficulties in social disorders (ASD) characterized by difficulties in social interaction and by restricted, stereotyped interests interaction and by restricted, stereotyped interests and activities. AS is distinguished from the other and activities. AS is distinguished from the other ASDs in having no general delay in language or ASDs in having no general delay in language or cognitive development. Although not mentioned in cognitive development. Although not mentioned in standard diagnostic criteria, motor clumsiness and standard diagnostic criteria, motor clumsiness and atypical use of language are frequently reported.atypical use of language are frequently reported.

Page 6: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

AutisticAutistic Disorder Disorder

Autistic disorder (also called autism) is a neurological Autistic disorder (also called autism) is a neurological and developmental disorder that usually appears and developmental disorder that usually appears during the first three years of life. A child with autism during the first three years of life. A child with autism appears to live in his/her own world, showing little appears to live in his/her own world, showing little interest in others, and a lack of social awareness. interest in others, and a lack of social awareness. The focus of an autistic child is a consistent routine The focus of an autistic child is a consistent routine and includes an interest in repeating odd and peculiar and includes an interest in repeating odd and peculiar behaviors. Autistic children often have problems in behaviors. Autistic children often have problems in communication, avoid eye contact, and show limited communication, avoid eye contact, and show limited attachment to others.attachment to others.

The evidence is The evidence is NOTNOT that it is caused by that it is caused by vaccinations.vaccinations.

Page 7: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Childhood Disintegrative Childhood Disintegrative DisorderDisorder

Children appear to develop normally for Children appear to develop normally for the first two years of life, but then lose the first two years of life, but then lose skills in areas such as language, play, and skills in areas such as language, play, and bowel control and manifest impaired bowel control and manifest impaired social interaction and communication social interaction and communication associated with "restrictive, repetitive, associated with "restrictive, repetitive, stereotyped" behaviors. stereotyped" behaviors.

Page 8: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Rett's DisorderRett's Disorder

Children with RettChildren with Rett’’s Disorder appear to s Disorder appear to develop normally at first, but their head develop normally at first, but their head growth slows, they lose social "engagement" growth slows, they lose social "engagement" and hand skills, and they develop stereotyped and hand skills, and they develop stereotyped movements of the hands and poorly movements of the hands and poorly coordinated gait or trunk movements. There coordinated gait or trunk movements. There is also psychomotor retardation and is also psychomotor retardation and impairment of language development. impairment of language development.

Page 9: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Attention-Deficit and Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersDisruptive Behavior Disorders

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Conduct Disorder Conduct Disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Page 10: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Attention-Deficit/Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Hyperactivity Disorder

(ADHD)(ADHD)

InattentionInattention HyperactivityHyperactivity ImpulsivityImpulsivity

Page 11: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Conduct DisorderConduct Disorder

Aggression to People & Animals Destruction of Property Deceitfulness or theft  Serious violations of rules  

Page 12: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Oppositional Defiant Oppositional Defiant DisorderDisorder

This diagnosis involves a pattern of This diagnosis involves a pattern of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior. These irritable, or vindictive behavior. These children may blame others for their children may blame others for their problems.problems.

Page 13: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Delirium, Dementia, and Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Amnestic and Other Cognitive DisordersCognitive Disorders

Page 14: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

DeliriumDelirium

Although classified as a mental disorder Although classified as a mental disorder because it involves fluctuating level of because it involves fluctuating level of consciousness and pervasive consciousness and pervasive impairment in mental, behavioral, and impairment in mental, behavioral, and emotional functioning, this brain state, emotional functioning, this brain state, which is usually of acute onset and which is usually of acute onset and temporary duration, is probably always temporary duration, is probably always caused by physical disease, head caused by physical disease, head trauma, or drug effect.trauma, or drug effect.

Page 15: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Dementia of the Alzheimer's Dementia of the Alzheimer's TypeType

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and reasoning, planning, language, and perception.perception.

Page 16: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Dementia Due to Dementia Due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob DiseaseCreutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, degenerative brain disorder. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, degenerative brain disorder. Symptoms usually start around age 60. Memory problems, behavior Symptoms usually start around age 60. Memory problems, behavior changes, vision problems and poor muscle coordination progress changes, vision problems and poor muscle coordination progress quickly to dementia, coma and death. Most patients die within a year.quickly to dementia, coma and death. Most patients die within a year.

The three main categories of CJD are The three main categories of CJD are

sporadic CJD, which occurs for no known reason sporadic CJD, which occurs for no known reason

hereditary CJD, which runs in families hereditary CJD, which runs in families

acquired CJD, which occurs from contact with infected tissue, usually acquired CJD, which occurs from contact with infected tissue, usually during a medical procedure during a medical procedure

Cattle can get a disease related to CJD called bovine spongiform Cattle can get a disease related to CJD called bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or "mad cow disease." It is possible that people encephalopathy (BSE) or "mad cow disease." It is possible that people can get a variant of CJD from eating beef from an infected animal.can get a variant of CJD from eating beef from an infected animal.

Page 17: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Vascular DementiaVascular Dementia

Vascular dementia is the second most common Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer disease form of dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). The condition is not a single disease; it (AD). The condition is not a single disease; it is a group of syndromes relating to different is a group of syndromes relating to different vascular mechanisms. Vascular dementia is vascular mechanisms. Vascular dementia is preventable; therefore, early detection and an preventable; therefore, early detection and an accurate diagnosis are important. A common accurate diagnosis are important. A common type is multi-infarct dementiatype is multi-infarct dementia

Page 18: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Substance-Related DisordersSubstance-Related Disorders

AlcoholAlcohol AmphetaminesAmphetamines CaffeineCaffeine

CannabisCannabis CocaineCocaine HallucinogensHallucinogens

InhalantsInhalants NicotineNicotine OpiodsOpiods

PhencyclidinePhencyclidine Sedatives, Sedatives, hypnotics, hypnotics, anxiolyticsanxiolytics

PolysubstancePolysubstance

Page 19: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia

CatatonicCatatonic DisorganizedDisorganized ParanoidParanoid UndifferentiatedUndifferentiated ResidualResidual

Page 20: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Schizophrenia: SymptomsSchizophrenia: Symptoms

Positive SymptomsPositive Symptoms Delusions (Persecution, Grandeur, Control, Delusions (Persecution, Grandeur, Control, Reference, Nihilistic, Religious, Somatic, Reference, Nihilistic, Religious, Somatic, Erotomania, Thought Insertion, Thought Erotomania, Thought Insertion, Thought Broadcasting); HallucinationsBroadcasting); Hallucinations

Negative SymptomsNegative SymptomsFlat Affect, Inability to Initiate Activities, Brief Flat Affect, Inability to Initiate Activities, Brief Speech, Lack of PleasureSpeech, Lack of Pleasure

Cognitive SymptomsCognitive SymptomsProblems with Memory, Organizing, Prioritizing, Problems with Memory, Organizing, Prioritizing, Judgment, Reasoning, Lack of InsightJudgment, Reasoning, Lack of Insight

Page 21: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Other Psychotic DisordersOther Psychotic Disorders

Schizophreniform Disorder Schizophreniform Disorder Schizoaffective Disorder Schizoaffective Disorder Delusional Disorder Delusional Disorder Brief Psychotic Disorder Brief Psychotic Disorder Shared Psychotic Disorder Shared Psychotic Disorder

Page 22: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Intersections of Mental Illness Intersections of Mental Illness and the Lawand the Law

• Not Guilty by Reason of InsanityJohn Hinckley, Jr.; Andrea Yates

• Competence to Stand Trial• Involuntary Hospitalization (Civil Commitment)

Starts with Mental Inquest WarrantKentucky Law

• Juvenile Court – Disposition of Delinquents• Civil Court Proceedings (Divorce & Custody)

Page 23: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Symptoms of DepressionSymptoms of Depression Depressed Mood (Beyond Sadness)Depressed Mood (Beyond Sadness) Loss of Interest and Pleasure in Usually Enjoyed Loss of Interest and Pleasure in Usually Enjoyed

ActivitiesActivities TearfulnessTearfulness Suicidal Ideation (Thoughts, Impulses, Actions)Suicidal Ideation (Thoughts, Impulses, Actions) Weight Changes; Eating ChangesWeight Changes; Eating Changes Sleep ChangesSleep Changes Psychomotor Retardation or AgitationPsychomotor Retardation or Agitation Loss of LibidoLoss of Libido FatigueFatigue Feelings of Guilt, Worthlessness, PessimismFeelings of Guilt, Worthlessness, Pessimism Difficulty Concentrating; “Brain Fog”Difficulty Concentrating; “Brain Fog”

Page 24: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Mood DisordersMood Disorders

Dysthymic DisorderDysthymic Disorder Major DepressionMajor Depression PseudodementiaPseudodementia Bipolar DisorderBipolar Disorder• Difference between hypomania and maniaDifference between hypomania and mania

Postpartum DepressionPostpartum Depression Seasonal Affective DisorderSeasonal Affective Disorder

Page 25: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Psychosomatic DisorderPsychosomatic DisorderA disorder in which there is a real physical illness that is largely A disorder in which there is a real physical illness that is largely caused by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety.caused by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety.

Somatoform DisordersSomatoform DisordersDisorders in which there is an apparent physical illness for which Disorders in which there is an apparent physical illness for which there is no organic basisthere is no organic basis

Somatization DisorderSomatization DisorderA somatoform disorder characterized by recurrent vague somatic A somatoform disorder characterized by recurrent vague somatic complaints without a physical cause.complaints without a physical cause.

Page 26: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Body Dysmorphic DisorderBody Dysmorphic Disorder Conversion DisorderConversion Disorder HypochondriasisHypochondriasis Pain DisorderPain Disorder

Somatoform DisordersSomatoform Disorders These mental disorders share the appearance of a These mental disorders share the appearance of a general medical condition as suggested by one or general medical condition as suggested by one or

more physical symptoms.more physical symptoms.

Page 27: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Anxiety DisordersAnxiety Disorders

Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder Anxiety Disorder Due to General Medical Condition Anxiety Disorder Due to General Medical Condition Generalized Anxiety Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Specific PhobiaSpecific Phobia Social Phobia Social Phobia Substance-Induced Anxiety DisorderSubstance-Induced Anxiety Disorder

Page 28: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

MalingeringMalingering Munchausen’s SyndromeMunchausen’s Syndrome Munchausen’s by ProxyMunchausen’s by Proxy

Factitious DisorderFactitious DisorderPatient's with this mental disorder are so eager to Patient's with this mental disorder are so eager to

assume the role of a sick person that they intentionally assume the role of a sick person that they intentionally feign or produce symptomsfeign or produce symptoms

Page 29: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Dissociative DisordersDissociative Disorders

Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative FugueDissociative Fugue Depersonalization DisorderDepersonalization Disorder Dissociative Identity DisorderDissociative Identity Disorder

Patients with these mental disorders suffer disruption of memory, consciousness, identity, and general perception of themselves and their surroundings.

Page 30: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Sexual DisordersSexual Disorders Sexual Desire Disorders: Hypoactive ; AversionSexual Desire Disorders: Hypoactive ; Aversion Sexual Arousal Disorders: Female Sexual Arousal Sexual Arousal Disorders: Female Sexual Arousal

Disorder ; Male Erectile Disorder Disorder ; Male Erectile Disorder Orgasmic Disorders: Female ; Male ; Premature Orgasmic Disorders: Female ; Male ; Premature

Ejaculation Ejaculation Sexual Pain Disorders: Dyspareunia ; Vaginismus Sexual Pain Disorders: Dyspareunia ; Vaginismus Sexual Dysfunction Due to a General Medical Sexual Dysfunction Due to a General Medical

Condition: Female Dyspareunia ; Female Hypoactive Condition: Female Dyspareunia ; Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder ; Male Erectile Disorder ; Sexual Desire Disorder ; Male Erectile Disorder ; Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder ; Male Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder ; Male Dyspareunia ; Substance-Induced Sexual Dyspareunia ; Substance-Induced Sexual Dysfunction Dysfunction

Paraphilias: Exhibitionism ; Fetishism ; Frotteurism ; Paraphilias: Exhibitionism ; Fetishism ; Frotteurism ; Pedophilia ; Masochism ; Sadism ; Transvestic Pedophilia ; Masochism ; Sadism ; Transvestic Fetishism ; VoyeurismFetishism ; Voyeurism

Gender Identity DisorderGender Identity Disorder

Page 31: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia NervosaBulimia Nervosa

Page 32: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders

Paranoid Paranoid Schizoid Schizoid Schizotypal Schizotypal Antisocial Antisocial Borderline Borderline

Histrionic Histrionic NarcissisticNarcissistic Avoidant Avoidant Dependent Dependent Obsessive-Obsessive-

CompulsiveCompulsive

Page 33: Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders.

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

InsomniaInsomnia HypersomniaHypersomnia NarcolepsyNarcolepsy Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea Nightmare DisorderNightmare Disorder Sleep Terror DisorderSleep Terror Disorder Sleepwalking DisorderSleepwalking Disorder