Psychological Aspects of Psychological Aspects of Physical DisordersPhysical Disorders DSM-IV and Physical DisordersDSM-IV and Physical Disorders

Coded on Axis IIICoded on Axis III Recognize that psychological factors can affect Recognize that psychological factors can affect

medical conditionsmedical conditions

Psychological, Behavioral, and Social FactorsPsychological, Behavioral, and Social Factors Major contributors to medical illness and diseaseMajor contributors to medical illness and disease

Examples include STDs, cancer, cardiovascular diseases Examples include STDs, cancer, cardiovascular diseases

Psychological, Behavioral, and Psychological, Behavioral, and Social Aspects of HealthSocial Aspects of Health Two Primary PathsTwo Primary Paths

Psychological factors can influence basic Psychological factors can influence basic biological processesbiological processes

Behavior patterns may put people at risk for Behavior patterns may put people at risk for diseasedisease

50% of the Leading Causes of Death in 50% of the Leading Causes of Death in the U.S. Are Linked to Behavior Patternsthe U.S. Are Linked to Behavior Patterns

StressStress

DefinitionDefinitionBehavioral and Physiological ResponseBehavioral and Physiological ResponseKey Role of PerceptionKey Role of Perception

EffectsEffects

General Adaptation SyndromeGeneral Adaptation Syndrome

ALARMALARMALARMALARM

RESISTANCERESISTANCERESISTANCERESISTANCEEXHAUSTIONEXHAUSTIONEXHAUSTIONEXHAUSTION

Factors Affecting Factors Affecting Response to StressResponse to Stress Interpretation of StressorsInterpretation of Stressors A Sense of ControlA Sense of Control Coping SkillsCoping Skills Self-EfficacySelf-Efficacy Health and Wellness BehaviorsHealth and Wellness Behaviors Social SupportSocial Support Immune System FunctioningImmune System Functioning

Immune SystemImmune System

Immune System FunctionImmune System Function Identifies and Kills Antigen Invaders Identifies and Kills Antigen Invaders Identifies and Kills Body’s Own CellsIdentifies and Kills Body’s Own Cells

Stress and the Stress and the Immune SystemImmune System Lowers Immune System Functioning Lowers Immune System Functioning Increases the Risk of InfectionIncreases the Risk of Infection Effects are Often RapidEffects are Often Rapid

Psychological and Behavioral Psychological and Behavioral FactorsFactors HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS CancerCancer Cardiovascular ProblemsCardiovascular Problems Chronic Fatigue SyndromeChronic Fatigue Syndrome OthersOthers

Treatment and OutcomeTreatment and Outcome Available TreatmentsAvailable Treatments

BiofeedbackBiofeedback Relaxation ProceduresRelaxation Procedures HypnosisHypnosis Stress ManagementStress Management OthersOthers

PreventionPrevention Lifestyle and behavior patternsLifestyle and behavior patterns

ObstaclesObstacles Denial Denial NoncomplianceNoncompliance

Changing Behavior to Promote Health Lifestyle practices – core of many health

problems Behavioral risk factors are also influenced by

psychosocial factors Prevention and intervention programs target

behavioral risks

Changing Behavior to Promote Health (continued)

Types of lifestyle behaviors Injury and injury prevention

Repeated warnings are not enough

AIDS Highly preventable by changing behaviors

China and smoking cessation programs Diet, exercise, promotion of health and wellness Stanford Three Community Study

Self ControlSelf Control Behavioral ExcessesBehavioral Excesses

Immediate Reinforcers vs Delayed PunishersImmediate Reinforcers vs Delayed Punishers Immediate Reinforcers vs Cummulatively Significant Immediate Reinforcers vs Cummulatively Significant

PunishersPunishers Immediate Reinforcers vs Delayed Reinforcers for Immediate Reinforcers vs Delayed Reinforcers for

Desired BehaviorDesired Behavior Behavioral DeficienciesBehavioral Deficiencies

Immediate Small Punishers vs Cummulatively Significant Immediate Small Punishers vs Cummulatively Significant ReinforcersReinforcers

Immediate Small Punishers vs Immediate but Highly Immediate Small Punishers vs Immediate but Highly Improbable Major PunisherImprobable Major Punisher

Immediate Small Punisher vs Delayed Major PunisherImmediate Small Punisher vs Delayed Major Punisher