Psychoactive Drugs

Illegal Drugs

• Cannabinoids• Depressants• Hallucinogens• Stimulants• Narcotics• Steroids

Cannabinoids• Marijuana• Hashish

Marijuana• Made from the dried leaves and tops of the

cannabis plant.

Street Names• Dope • Grass • Mary Jane• Ganja• Pot• Joints • Weed• Skunk

How Ingested/Legality• Smoked or eaten• Light marijuana users

smoked two to 15 joints per week,

• Moderate users smoked 17 to 70 joints per week

• Heavy users smoked 78 to 350 joints per week.

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=marijuana+video&FORM=VIRE1#view=detail&mid=04F5028EAFC6B9C79B9

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EffectsLasts 2-4 hoursUsers become:• Relaxed • Drowsy • Euphoric• Hungry

THC

• In 2012, THC concentrations in marijuana averaged nearly 15 percent, compared to around 4 percent in the 1980s. For a new user, this may mean exposure to higher concentrations of THC

Short Term Psychological Effects

Signs of using marijuana include:•Altered perceptions and mood•Difficulty with thinking and problem solving•Dizziness•Impaired short-term memory•Increased metabolism (the munchies)•Impaired time perception •In large doses, hallucinations

Long Term Psychological Effects• Affects brain development, and when it is used

heavily by young people, its effects on thinking and memory may last a long time or even be permanent

• Impaired Short-Term and Long-Term Memory• A-Motivational Syndrome (lack of motivation)• Increased Anxiety• Depression Tendencies• Psychosis Tendencies • Loss of Co-ordination and Balance

Physical Effects of MarijuanaShort term:•Increased heart rate•Dry mouth and throat•Red eyes•Relaxation•Sensation of hot and coldLong term:•Suppression of the immune system so reduced resistance to common illnesses (colds, bronchitis, etc.)•Reduced sexual capacity•Lung infections like pneumonia

What Are the Other Health Effects of Marijuana?

• Marijuana raises heart rate by 20-100 percent shortly after smoking; this effect can last up to 3 hours.

• In one study, it was estimated that marijuana users have a 4.8-fold increase in the risk of heart attack in the first hour after smoking the drug, causing palpitations and arrhythmias.

Medical Marijuana Pros:•Enhance the appetite of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.•Relieving a person from the uneasy feeling of nausea.•Treatment of neurogenic pain.•People suffering from glaucoma, asthma and spasticity (resistance to stretch).•Relieve the chronic pain and suffering of people with incurable diseases like cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, etc.

Marijuana and Driving

• Because it seriously impairs judgment and motor coordination, marijuana also contributes to accidents while driving.

• A recent analysis of data from several studies found that marijuana use more than doubles a driver’s risk of being in an accident.

• Further, the combination of marijuana and alcohol is worse than either substance alone with respect to driving impairment

Is Marijuana Addictive?

• Contrary to what many pot smokers may tell you, marijuana is addictive, at least psychologically. Among heavy pot smokers, the rates of dependence are higher.

• Estimates from research suggest that about 9 percent of users become addicted to marijuana; this number increases among those who start young (to about 17 percent, or 1 in 6) and among daily users (to 25-50 percent).

Withdrawal Symptoms?

• Long-term marijuana users trying to quit report withdrawal symptoms including irritability, sleeplessness, decreased appetite, anxiety, and drug craving.

Marijuana Overdose• Temporary overdose of the pot is called “greening out.” The

effects last for a few hours. Some of the symptoms include:• Temporary and extreme paranoia, fear and anxiety• Trouble breathing• Pupil dilation• Nausea and vomiting• Fast pulse• Shaking chills• Disorientation• Hallucinations

Activity Amount Incarceration Fine (max)1 Classification 3

Possessor Cultivate

100 g or less 5 $150 2 Minor Misdemeanor

100 g to 200 g

Regular 30 days max $250 Misdemeanor (4th Degree)

Near school or minor 5

60 days max $500 Misdemeanor (3rd Degree)

200 g to 1,000 g

Regular 1 year max $2,500 Felony (5th Degree)

Near school or minor 5

18 months $5,000 Felony (4th Degree)

1,000 g to 20,000 g

Regular 5 years max 4 $10,000 Felony (3th Degree)

Near school or minor 5

2-8 years $15,000 Felony (2nd Degree)

Ohio and the Law:

Teens and Marijuana

Monitoring the Future Study: Trends in Prevalence of Marijuana/ Hashish for 8th-Graders, 10th-Graders, and 12th-Graders; 2013 (in percent)*

Drug Time Period 8th-Graders 10th-Graders 12th-Graders

Marijuana/ Hashish Lifetime 16.50 35.80 45.50

Past Year 12.70 29.80 36.40

Past Month 7.00 18.00 22.70

Daily 1.10 4.00 6.50

Hashish• The liquid resin from the

cannabis plant.

Street Names

• Boom • Chronic • Gangster• Hash• Hash oil • Hemp

How Ingested

• Smoked • Mixed with tobacco • Eaten in candies or

cookies

Effects• Similar to Marijuana but

stronger

Depressants• Barbiturates• Benzodiazepines• Methaqualone

Barbiturates• Strong depressants that are

prescribed to relax people or help them sleep

Street Names

• Barbs• Reds • Red birds• Phennies• Yellows • Yellow jackets

How Ingested• Injected• Swallowed

Potential Health Consequences

• Reduced anxiety• Feeling of well-being• Lowered inhibitions• Slowed pulse and breathing• Lowered blood pressure• Poor concentration

Benzodiazepines

• Depressant• Used to treat seizures• Anxiety• Insomnia• Conscious sedation

Street Names

• Candy • Downers • Sleeping pills• Tranks

How Ingested

• Swallowed • Injected

Potential Health Consequences• Depression • Unusual excitement• Fever• Irritability • Poor judgment• Slurred speech• Dizziness

Withdrawal Symptoms

• Perceptual distortions• Paraesthesia, defined as abnormal skin sensations

such as tingling, tickling, itching or burning • Difficult walking • Anxiety• Tension• Agitation• Restlessness• Sleep disturbance/insomnia

Overdose Symptoms

• Poor balance, difficulty walking • Slurred speech• Depending on the amount taken and the amount of

time that has passed since the overdose, the person may experience depressed (slow, shallow) breathing, coma, cardiac arrest, cold skin/hypothermia, and hypotension

Methaqualone• Depressant

Street Names• Ludes, mandrex, quad, quay

How Ingested

• Injected, Swallowed

Potential Health Consequences

• Depression • Poor reflexes• Slurred speech• Coma

Hallucinogens

• LSD• PCP• Mescaline• Mushrooms

LSD• Is made from synthesized lysergic acid.

Street Names

• Acid • Blotter • Boomers • Cubes • Microdot • Yellow Sunshines

How Ingested

• Absorbed through mouth tissues• Swallowed• Sniffed

Effects• Pupils Dilate• Skin becomes “flushed”• Heart rate and temperature

increases• “bad trips”

Potential Health Consequences• Altered state of perception• Nausea• Persistent mental disorders• Sleeplessness• Loss of appetite• Weakness• Tremors

PCP• Initially developed as general anesthetics for

surgery • Distort perceptions of sight and sound and

produce feelings of detachment - dissociation - from the environment and self.

Street Names• Angel dust• Dust

How Ingested

• Smoked• Swallowed• Sniffed

Effects• Restlessness• Disorientation• Anxiousness• Anger• Aggression• Feelings of Invincibility

Mescaline

• Mescaline is a naturally occurring psychedelic found in several cactus species, most notably, Peyote and San Pedro

• From earliest recorded time, peyote has been used by natives in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States as a part of their religious rites.

• The top of the cactus above ground--also referred to as the crown--consists of disc-shaped buttons that are cut from the roots and dried. These buttons are generally chewed or soaked in water to produce an intoxicating liquid.

• The hallucinogenic dose of mescaline lasts about 12 hours

Side Effects

• Pupil dialation• Dizziness• Vomiting • Sensations of warm and cold • Headaches • Some of the visions under the effect of mescaline

can cause nightmares that can give birth to some psychosis to the consumers.

MAGIC MUSHROOMS

Synthetic Tryptamines

Street Names

• Mushrooms • Shrooms

How Ingested• Eaten

SHROOM EFFECTS:

• muscle relaxation • Dilation of pupils • Vivid visual and auditory distortions• Emotional disturbances.

Stimulants

• Stimulants are drugs which produce a quick temporary increase of energy.

• Cocaine, tobacco and caffeine are the three most popular stimulants

Types of Stimulants• Cocaine• Crack• Amphetamines• Methamphetamines

Cocaine• Wicky stick• Nose candy• Blow • Snowball • Tornado

How Ingested• Snorted• Injected• Smoked

Effects of Cocaine• Highly addicted• Can cause stroke, heart attack or seizure• Can be fatal in one use• While each person who uses this drug reacts to it

differently, there are two distinct categories of cocaine effects: short-term effects and long-term effects

Short Term Effects

• Increased blood pressure• Constricted blood vessels• Dilated pupils• Mental alertness• Increased energy• Increased heart rate• Decreased appetite• Increased temperature

Long Term Effects

• convulsions, nausea, blurred vision, chest pain, fever, muscle spasms, and coma

• Other long-term cocaine effects include: AddictionParanoiaIrritabilityRestlessnessAuditory hallucinationsMood disturbances

Crack Effects• 10 times greater than cocaine.• Can be fatal with one use• Extremely addictive

Crack• Freebase Cocaine• Rock

How Ingested• Because crack is smoked, the user experiences

a high in less than 10 seconds.

Methamphetamines

Street Names• Meth• Crank• Crystal Meth• Crystal Tea• Crystal• Ice• Speed• Chalk• Glass

How Ingested• Swallowed• Snorted• Injected• Smoked

Effects• Addictive• Effects similar to cocaine• Can be fatal with one use

Faces of Meth…………….

Amphetamines • Diet Pills (No longer sold for this purpose)• Ingested - Swallowed

Street Names

• Speed• Uppers• Ups• Black beauties• Pep pills• Copilots• Bumblebees• Hearts• Footballs

Effects

• They induce exhilarating feelings of power, strength, energy.

• The need to sleep or eat is diminished. • The release of dopamine typically induces a sense of

aroused euphoria but the euphoria doesn't last. There follows an intense mental depression and fatigue.

• Feelings are intensified. The user may feel he can take on the world.

Narcotics• Opium• Morphine• Codeine• Heroin• The term "narcotic," derived from the Greek word

for stupor, originally referred to a variety of substances that dulled the senses and relieved pain.

Opium• Street name – “O”• Ingested – Smoked• Extremely addictive

Morphine

• Morphine is isolated from crude opium, which is a resinous prep of the opium poppy.

• Trade Name - Roxinal, MS Contain, Morphine Sulfate

• Street Names - "M", morph, Miss Emma • Ingested – Injected, snorted, smoked or swallowed

Medical Uses

• Symptomatic relief of moderately severe to severe pain; • Relief of certain types of difficult or labored breathing;• Suppression of severe cough (rarely);• Suppression of severe diarrhea (e.g., that produced by cholera).

Effects• Drowsiness and fatigue• One of the strongest pain relievers used in

medicine.• Causes addiction and severe withdrawal

symptoms• Can cause respiratory arrest and death.

Heroin• Heroin is processed from morphine. • Substance extracted from the seedpod of the Asian poppy plant.

How Ingested• Injected• Snorted• Smoked

Effects

• Extremely addictive• Can cause respiratory arrest and death.• Severe withdrawal symptoms• Heightens the risk for infection with HIV

and Hepatitis B

Track Marks

OxyContin

• OxyContin is a powerful painkiller available in time-release tablets whose effects last for twelve hours.

Steroid Street Names• ‘Roids• Juice• Hype• Pump

Who Uses Steroids?

• Athletes involved in sports that rely on strength and size, like football, wrestling, or baseball

• Endurance athletes, such as those involved in track-and-field and swimming

• Athletes involved in weight training or bodybuilding

• Anyone interested in building and defining muscles

How are steroids used?

• By mouth (pills) • Injected

What are the side effects of steroids?

• High blood pressure and heart disease • Liver damage and cancers • Stroke and blood clots • Urinary and bowel problems, such as diarrhea • Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps • Nausea and vomiting • Sleep problems • Increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries • Severe acne, especially on face and back • Baldness

Steroids

• Powerful drugs that boost athletic performance.

• Anabolic means "building body tissue.“ Anabolic steroids help build muscle tissue and increase body mass by acting like the body's natural male hormone, testosterone.

Emotional Effects • "Roid rage" - severe, aggressive behavior that

may result in violence, such as fighting or destroying property

• Severe mood swings • Hallucinations - seeing or hearing things that are

not really there • Paranoia - extreme feelings of mistrust and fear • Anxiety and panic attacks • Depression and thoughts of suicide • An angry, hostile, or irritable mood

A Special Danger to Adolescents

• Anabolic steroids, even in small doses, have been shown to stop growth too soon.

• Adolescents also may be at risk for becoming dependent on steroids.

• Adolescents who use steroids are also more likely to use other addictive drugs and alcohol.

Club Drugs

MDMA (Ecstasy)

• MDMA is an illegal drug that acts as both a stimulant and hallucinogen

Street Names

• Ecstasy • Adam• XTC• Hug• Beans• Love drug

How Ingested

• Orally, usually in a tablet or capsule, and its effects last approximately 3 to 6 hours

• Sniffed• Injected

Effects of Ecstasy

• Confusion Teeth Clenching• Depression Chills and Cold Sweating• Addiction Liver Damage• Paranoia Aggression• Nausea Chills and Cold Sweating• Blurred Vision Sleep Problems• Acne Like Rashes Anxiety• Brain Damage Teeth Clenching

What are its long-term effects?

• Repeated use of Ecstasy ultimately may damage the cells that produce serotonin, which has an important role in the regulation of mood, appetite, pain, learning and memory.

• There already is research suggesting Ecstasy use can disrupt or interfere with memory.

The Withdrawal Symptoms

• Insomnia• Loss of weight• Depression• Loss of appetite• Anxiety

Effects

• Also acts as a stimulant• Can cause brain damage• Similar to LSD

New Drugs on the Market

Strawberry Quick

• They are calling this new form of meth "Strawberry Quick" • It looks like Pop Rocks candy that sizzle in your

mouth. It is dark pink in color and has a strawberry scent to it.

• First-time users might feel alert, full of energy and self-confident in the initial onset of the drug, but hours later, brain cells release an enzyme that stops the dopamine flow, which is what sends feelings of pleasure.

Mollys• Slang for "molecular". • “Molly" is crystal or powder form of MDMA. • Molly" has properties similar to the stimulant

effects of Ecstasy, but taken in larger doses it promotes hallucinogenic reactions.

• This poses an even greater risk to young adults who have taken Ecstasy previously and accidentally overdose by trying to achieve the hallucinogenic effects.

Molly………….• Psychological: Anxiety and paranoia,

depression, Irritability, fatigue, Impaired attention, focus, and concentration, (due to depleted serotonin levels)

• Physiological:Physiological: Dizziness, lightheadedness, or vertigo, Loss of appetite, Gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea or constipation Insomnia aches and pains.

Spice• Synthetic Marijuana • "Spice" refers to a wide variety of herbal mixtures

that produce experiences similar to marijuana • Sold under many names, including K2, fake weed,

Yucatan Fire, Skunk, Moon Rocks• Contain dried, shredded plant material and chemical

additives that are responsible for their psychoactive (mind-altering) effects.

How Does Spice Affect the Brain?• Similar to those produced by marijuana—

elevated mood, relaxation, and altered perception—and in some cases the effects are even stronger than those of marijuana.

• Some users report psychotic effects like extreme anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations.

What Are Physical Effects of Spice?

• Rapid heart rate, vomiting, agitation, confusion, and hallucinations.

• Spice can also raise blood pressure and cause reduced blood supply to the heart (myocardial ischemia)

• Regular users may experience withdrawal and addiction symptoms.

Bath Salts

• http://youtu.be/bKbTbRqXVFg• "Ivory Wave," "Purple Wave," Vanilla Sky," and

"Bliss" are street names of “bath salts”• These drugs have nothing to do with real bath

salts – • They snort it, shoot it, mix it with food and drink

it• The effects can include “Excited Delirium”,

agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, chest pain, increased pulse, high blood pressure, and suicidal thinking/behavior

What are the Short-Term Effects?

• Very severe paranoia that can sometimes cause users to harm themselves or others.

• Suicidal thoughts, agitation, combative/violent behavior, confusion, hallucinations/psychosis, increased heart rate, hypertension, chest pain, death or serious injury.

• The speed of onset is 15 minutes, while the length of the high from these drugs is 4-6 hours.

Krocodile Drug

• Krokodil is actually Desomorphine. • Is an Opiate• Made quickly from Codeine, Iodine and

red phosphorous. • 8 to 10 times more potent than morphine.

Krocodile Drug

• At the injection site the skin will turn green and scaly from gangrene and resemble that of a crocodile right before it starts rotting away exposing tissue and bone.

• Popular in Russia and Eastern Europe. • The average life expectancy of a user? Under 1 year.

Krocodilhttp://youtu.be/D2vkdxKHFB8

DATE RAPE DRUGS

• These are drugs that are sometimes used to assist a sexual assault.

• GHB (gamma hydroxybutyric acid) • Rohypnol (flunitrazepam) • Ketamine (ketamine hydrochloride)

Street Terms37

GHBKetamine MDMA Rohypnol

Goop Cat valium Disco biscuit Forget me drug

Grievous bodily harm

K Hug drug Mexican valium

Max Jet Go Roaches

Soap Super acid XTC Roofies

STREET TERMS

What do the drugs look like?

• GHB has a few forms: a liquid with no odor or color, white powder, and pill. • Rohypnol is a pill and dissolves in liquids. New

pills turn blue when added to liquids. • Ketamine is a white powder.

What effects do these drugs have on the body?

• GHB can cause these problems: • Relaxation • Drowsiness • Dizziness • Nausea • Problems seeing • Unconsciousness (black out) • Seizures

• Can't remember what happened while drugged

• Problems breathing • Tremors • Sweating • Vomiting • Slow heart rate • Dream-like feeling • Coma • Death

ROHYPNOL

• Rohypnol can cause these problems:

• Can't remember what happened while drugged

• Lower blood pressure • Sleepiness • Muscle relaxation or loss of

muscle control • Drunk feeling

• Nausea • Problems talking • Difficulty with motor

movements • Loss of consciousness • Confusion • Problems seeing • Dizziness • Confusion • Stomach problems

KETAMINE

• Hallucinations • Lost sense of time and identity • Distorted perceptions of sight

and sound • Feeling out of control • Impaired motor function • Problems breathing

• Convulsions • Vomiting • Out of body experiences • Memory problems • Dream-like feeling • Numbness • Loss of coordination • Aggressive or violent behavior • Slurred speech

Are these drugs legal in the United States?

• Rohypnol is NOT legal in the U.S. It is legal in Europe and Mexico and prescribed for sleep problems and as an anesthetic (medicine given during surgery so you don't feel pain).

• Ketamine is legal in the U.S. for use as an anesthetic for humans and animals. It is mostly used on animals.

• GHB was recently made legal in the U.S to treat problems from narcolepsy (a sleep problem).

How can I protect myself from being a victim?

• Don't accept drinks from other people. • Open containers yourself. • Keep your drink with you at all times, even when you go to

the bathroom. • Don't share drinks. • Don't drink from punch bowls or other large, common,

open containers. • Don't drink anything that tastes or smells strange.

Sometimes, GHB tastes salty. • Have a non-drinking friend with you to make sure nothing

happens.

OVERDOSE VICTIMS