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Transcript of PsychExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
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Biopsychology: pages 21-39
PSYB1
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Key assumptions of biopsychologists
• Biopsychologists argue for a genetic basis for behaviour
• This is how differences in our chromosomal make-up can have significant effect on not only our psychology, but also our behaviour.
• This approach assumes that behaviour and experiences are caused by activity in the nervous system
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Human nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Central nervous system (CNS)
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Spinal cordBrain
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
The organisation of the human nervous system (page 21)
![Page 4: PsychExchange.co.uk Shared Resource](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/558520f7d8b42ada748b4cf4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Human nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Central nervous system (CNS)
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Spinal cordBrain
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
The organisation of the human nervous system (page 21)
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Neurons
• Cells that conduct nerve impulses are called neurons
• The things that people think and feel, say and do are caused, one way or another, by electrochemical events occurring within and between the neurons that make up the nervous system, particularly those in the brain
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Label this diagram
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Correct Labels
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Write one sentence about what the following features do
• Dendrite
Receives the nerve impulse or signal from adjacent neurons
• Axon
Where the electrical signals pass along. • Myelin sheath
Insulates /protects the axon from external influences that might effect the transmission of the nerve impulse down the axon.
• Synaptic terminals
Terminal buttons send signals to an adjacent cell.
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Different types of neurons
Motor neuron Interconnecting neuron
Sensory neuron
Function Carries messages from the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands
Transfers messages from sensory neurons to other interconnecting neurons or motor neurons
Carries messages from the PNS to the brain and spinal cord
Length of fibres Short dendrites and long axons
Short dendrites and short or long axons
Long dendrites and short axons
Structural and functional differences
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Synapse between two neurons.
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Neurotransmitters…
• …are chemicals that are released from a synaptic vesicle into the synapse by neurons.
• They affect the transfer of an impulse to another nerve or muscle
• These neurotransmitters are “taken back up” into the terminal buttons of neurons through the process of reuptake
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Synapse: The gap between the end of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron.
What you need to label:
1.Direction of impulse.
2.Axon terminal
3.Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitter
4.Synaptic cleft
5.Dendrite
6.Receptor site
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Summary Questions
1. What are the two main sub-sections of the human nervous system?
2. Name four features of a motor neuron
3. What is the main function of a sensory neuron?
4. Give two differences between a motor neuron and a sensory neuron
5. What is meant by a synapse?
6. Use you knowledge/understanding of the reflex response to explain why the lower leg jerks forward when the area just below the knee is tapped
7. How can neurotransmitters be used to explain a condition like schizophrenia?