Psych 101 Chapter 14 1 Prologue to Chapter 14 This chapter is about abnormal behavior Anxiety and...
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Transcript of Psych 101 Chapter 14 1 Prologue to Chapter 14 This chapter is about abnormal behavior Anxiety and...
Psych 101 Chapter 14 1
Prologue to Chapter 14Prologue to Chapter 14
This chapter is about abnormal behavior Anxiety and depression problems are very
common in our society It is estimated that between 30-40% of all
adults in our society have problems with anxiety and/or depression
25% of the population will, at one time or another, require medical intervention as a result of psychological problems
Psych 101 Chapter 14 2
Abnormal behaviorAbnormal behavior
Abnormal behavior consists of those actions, thoughts, or feelings that are harmful to the person or others
Historical views of abnormal behavior supernatural causes biological causes psychological causes
Psych 101 Chapter 14 3
Abnormal behaviorAbnormal behavior
Contemporary views of abnormal behavior it has become increasingly clear that both
biological and psychological causes are involved in the origin of many psychological disorders
supernatural causes are not in the realm of study of the science of psychology, only psychological and biological causes
Psych 101 Chapter 14 4
Abnormal behaviorAbnormal behavior
The concept of “insanity” Insanity: a legal term with different meanings
in different United States “not guilty by reason of insanity” “not competent by reason of insanity” “committed to a mental institution by reason
of insanity” the term is relatively meaningless is
psychology because it is too vague
Psych 101 Chapter 14 5
Anxiety DisordersAnxiety Disorders
Psych 101 Chapter 14 6
Anxiety disordersAnxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders involve excessive worry, nervousness, tension, or fear
Types of anxiety disorders include phobias, generalized and panic anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorders
We’ll briefly discuss each of these anxiety disorders
Psych 101 Chapter 14 7
Phobias and Anxiety DisordersPhobias and Anxiety Disorders
Phobias: intense, unrealistic fears of stimuli that generally do not elicit intense fear in the general population
Generalized and Panic Anxiety Disorders GAD: experienced as relentless, free-floating
anxiety, a general sense of foreboding, doom PAD: experienced as periods of calm
punctuated by periods of sharp, intense anxiety that are extremely frightening
Psych 101 Chapter 14 8
Post-traumatic Stress DisorderPost-traumatic Stress Disorder
PTSD is a response to the stress of such events as war, rape, natural disasters, and urban crimes
PTSD may suddenly appear years after the stressor, e.g., the Vietnam War, has happened
PTSD seen in Viet vets and in U.S. Post Office workers that kill their supervisors
Psych 101 Chapter 14 9
Obsessive-Compulsive DisordersObsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Obsession: anxiety-provoking thought that refuses to go away despite efforts to make it go away
Compusion: an irresistable urge to engage in specific behaviors and actions despite efforts to not do them
Shakespeare’s “Macbeth” had an obsessive-compulsive disorder
Psych 101 Chapter 14 10Somatoform DisordersSomatoform Disorders
Psych 101 Chapter 14 11
Somatoform disordersSomatoform disorders
Experiencing physical health problems with a psychological etiology
Somatization disorders and hypochondriasis somatization disorders involve numerous symptoms
of somatic illnesses with physical cause hypochondriasis: excessive concern about health;
looking out for any little problem as a major health disorder/disease
Psych 101 Chapter 14 12
Somatoform disordersSomatoform disorders
Conversion Disorder and Somatoform Pain Disorder Conversion Disorder: experience of extreme
physiological disorders, e.g., blindness or paralysis, without physical cause
Somatoform Pain Disorder: primary problem is pain with no physical cause, e.g., back pain or neck pain with no physical injury or apparent physical cause
Psych 101 Chapter 14 13Dissociative DisordersDissociative Disorders
Psych 101 Chapter 14 14
Dissociative DisordersDissociative Disorders
Amnesia and Fugue psychogenic amnesia: involves loss of
memory of all or part of a stressful experience for no physical reason
fugue state: involves a much more complete loss of memory; person may establish an entire new identity in a new location after a fugue
Psych 101 Chapter 14 15
Dissociative DisordersDissociative Disorders
Depersonalization and Multiple Personality Disorder depersonalization: situation in which person
perceives distortions or sense of unreality in their bodies or environment
multiple personality disorder: personality shifts abruptly and repeatedly from one personality to another; e.g., Sybil or Eve
Psych 101 Chapter 14 16
Mood DisordersMood Disorders
Psych 101 Chapter 14 17
Mood disordersMood disorders
Characterized by disturbances in a person’s mood
Mood disorders include major depression and bipolar affective disorder
Major depression: characterized by deep unhappiness, loss of interest in life, a negative opinion of self and others, sleep disturbances, eating disturbances, etc.
Psych 101 Chapter 14 18
Mood disordersMood disorders
Cognitive factors in depression self-image, self-esteem, and thought
processes associated with these thinking yourself out of a depression… is it
possible? medications in depression
Post-partum depression and its association with hormone imbalances
Psych 101 Chapter 14 19
Mood disordersMood disorders
Bipolar Affective Disorder manic-depression as alternate times of elation
and severe depression treatment with lithium bicarbonate person must have a manic episode to be
considered bipolar unusual behavior often occurs in bipolar
affective disorder when not under lithium
Psych 101 Chapter 14 20
SchizophreniasSchizophrenias
Psych 101 Chapter 14 21
Schizophrenias and delusional disordersSchizophrenias and delusional disorders Schizophrenia: a psychotic state typified by
extreme cognitive and emotional disturbance as well as social withdrawal
Types of schizophrenia include: Paranoid schizophrenia Disorganized schizophrenia Catatonic schizophrenia Delusional disorders
Psych 101 Chapter 14 22
SchizophreniaSchizophrenia
Paranoid schizophrenia type of schizophrenia person may experience delusions of
persecution and/or delusions of grandeur often accompanied by halucinations person is often not hospitalized as they often
may hide their illness in their paranoia person is suspicious of everything and
everybody and feels life is a “covert action”
Psych 101 Chapter 14 23
SchizophreniaSchizophrenia
Disorganized schizophrenia characterized by shallow silliness; formerly
called hebephrenic schizophrenia characterized by extreme social withdrawal fragmented halucinations and delusions sometimes seen in homeless people who
jibber to themselves and others and seem to be carrying on a conversation with somebody when no one is there
Psych 101 Chapter 14 24
SchizophreniaSchizophrenia
Catatonic schizophrenia characterized by long periods of catatonic
stupor; waxy flexibility individual may remain in a fixed position for
hours or longer only suddenly to become violent
recovered catatonics report that they felt that if they moved the world would end or some other doom would occur
Psych 101 Chapter 14 25
Delusional disorderDelusional disorder
Delusional disorders are rare disorders typified by paranoid delusions of grandeur and persecution
Delusions are less logical in these individuals than those delusions suffered by paranoid schizophrenics
Delusions are faulty ideas, e.g., a person wears tin foil on head to protect from Martian thought waves
Psych 101 Chapter 14 26
PersonalityDisorders
Psych 101 Chapter 14 27
Personality disordersPersonality disorders
Personality disorders are believed to result from personalities that improperly developed during childhood
Several types: schizoid, antisocial, paranoid, narcissistic, dependent, and passive-aggressive to list a few
We’ll look at schizoid and antisocial personality disorders now
Psych 101 Chapter 14 28
Schizoid personality disorderSchizoid personality disorder
This personality disorder is typified by: blunted emotions in the person a general lack of interest in establishing or
maintaining social relationships the person is a strict “loner” and will resist or
reject friendship efforts made toward them by others
person appears to be devoid of attachment motivation
Psych 101 Chapter 14 29
Antisocial personality disorderAntisocial personality disorder
This personality disorder is typified by a person with: very “smooth” social skills a charming person who can convince you by
flattery or other charms of just about anything this person has absolutely no sense of guilt
about anything they do these individuals are predators and see others
as objects to be used and abused
Psych 101 Chapter 14 30
A word about other personality disordersA word about other personality disorders Paranoid personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Dependent personality disorder Passive-aggressive personality disorder It is near-to-impossible to provide
therapy/treatment to individuals with personality disorders; what you see is what you’re going to get...
Psych 101 Chapter 14 31
Application of Psychology
Psych 101 Chapter 14 32
Application of psychologyApplication of psychology
Abnormal psychology and civil liberties What limits are there on civil liberties to
those that are “abnormal?” What is “abnormal” anyway?
The “homelessness” problem is, to a large extent, the result of abolishing state mental institutions in which were housed many simple and disorganized schizophrenics and other “abnormal” people
Psych 101 Chapter 14 33
Application of psychologyApplication of psychology
Jack Kavorkian’s “physician-assisted suicide” is a step toward what happened in Nazi Germany where the “abnormals” (mentally incompetent) were euthanized by the state the costs of caring for abnormals the morality/ethics of a society and its
“abnormal” population what do you think?
Psych 101 Chapter 14 34
Questions?Questions?
Any questions over Chapter 14?