Psyc 552 Ergonomics & BiomechanicsLecture 6

Anthropometry Antro = man, metry = measure

Terminology Height:

Breadth:

Depth:

Distance:

Curvature:

Circumference:

Reach:

Workstation Analysis

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Images from: http://128.253.253.139/dea651/dea65197/ws2.htm#Workstation%202

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Workspace envelope

Measurement Methods Grid reference Jig measurement Anthropometers Rod sets, castings Photographs – stereo photography Electromechanical probes Lasers

Image from: http://www.thebakken.org/artifacts/database/artifact.asp?type=category&category=U3&id=3687

Measurement tools

Images from: http://www.rehaboutlet.com/posture_evaluation_anthropometers.htm

Image from: D.J. Feathers et al. / International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 33 (2004) 184 181–190

http://www.cyberware.com/products/wbInfo.html

From: http://www.explore.cornell.edu/scene.cfm?scene=The%203D%20Body%20Scanner

Image from: http://www.ianwhitney.com/images/pic/quack/P1270011.jpg

Image from: http://www.thebakken.org/artifacts/database/artifact.asp?type=category&category=U3&id=3687

A 19th-century bodice-measuring device comprising several sections which could be adjusted to fit the figure. The strips could then be laid flat upon the materials to be cut. (Image: U.S. Patent no. 320,496, William Bloomer Pollock, 1885)

Image from and text from: http://www.explore.cornell.edu/scene.cfm?scene=The%203D%20Body%20Scanner&stop=3D%20-%20Glossary

Other Imaging Ultrasound imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaginge X-rays

Sources of Data For Civilians

For military

Characteristics of data Normally distributed

Can be used to calculate intervals

Correlations

Limited

Functional Anthropometry Reach data

Seat…

Factors Affecting Anthropometry Genetics Environment Ethnic… … … …

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Anthropometry & Biomechanics In biomechanics the human body is

considered to be a system of links with each link of known physical size and form.

Links are defined as…

Locating Centers of rotation Method involves…

Bony landmarks are highly correlated with link lengths

Body Segment Volume and Weight Body segment mass and volume are related

by the density of the segment.

D = M/V = (W/g)/V

Body Segment Center of Mass Center of mass is that point where if the

segment is suspended that the gravitational effect is equal. It is the location where the gravitational effect can be considered to act.

Location methods…

Inertia Properties Rotational inertia

Radius of gyration

Measuring Joint Motion Difficulties and descriptive requirements

Tools Goniometers

Flexometer/Inclinometer

Photo or video methods

Image from: http://www.rehaboutlet.com/goniometers.htm

Image from: http://www.spaceagecontrol.com/s050v.htm