Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation Primary tool of ergonomists...

33
Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3
  • date post

    15-Jan-2016
  • Category

    Documents

  • view

    214
  • download

    0

Transcript of Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation Primary tool of ergonomists...

Page 1: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Psyc 552Ergonomics & Biomechanics

Lecture 3

Page 2: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Anatomy & Work Evaluation Primary tool of ergonomists is surface

anatomy. The objective is to visualize the structures below

the skin.

Page 3: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Anatomical Position Standing erect Head, eyes, & toes

forward Heels and toes together Upper limbs handing

by side Palms facing

anteriorly.

Page 4: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Anatomical Planes Median…

Sagittal…

Coronal…

Horizontal, transverse, axial…

Image from http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1023.html

Page 5: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Directional Terms Superior…

Inferior…

Anterior…

Posterior…

Page 6: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Directional Terms (cont) Medial…

Lateral…

Proximal…

Distal…

Page 7: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Directional Terms Superficial…

Deep…

Parietal…

Visceral…

Ipsilateral…

Contralateral…

Page 8: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Describing Movement Flexion…

Extension…

Hyperextension…

Abduction…

Page 9: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Describing Movement (cont) Abduction…

Adduction…

Opposition…

Protraction…

Page 10: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Describing Movement (cont) Retraction…

Elevation…

Depression…

Circumduction…

Page 11: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Describing Movement (cont) Rotation…

Medial rotation…

Lateral rotation…

Page 12: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Describing Movement (cont) Eversion of the foot…

Inversion of the foot…

Page 13: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Connective tissue Bones, ligaments, tendons, fascia, and

cartilage are all connective tissue.

Connective tissue provides…

Page 14: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Bones Osteology – (osteon = bone; logos = study)

can be considered bone or tissue.

Divided into two groups…

Page 15: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Long bones Shaft / Diaphysis

Head / Epiphyses

Image from http://www.gen.umn.edu/courses/1135/lab/appendskellab/head.jpg

Page 16: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Bone Physiology Cortical bone – compact bone

Cancellous bone – trabecular bone

Page 17: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Bone Architecture Bone structure varies according to its function

Long bones – are rigid

Page 18: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Tubercles and tuberosities and ridges and crests increase rigidity

Page 19: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Bone Architecture (cont) Bone elasticity results from organic matter

Rigidity results from lamella…

Page 20: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Image from http://www.med.uiuc.edu/histo/large/atlas/image/b11/20a3.htm

Page 21: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Bone Architecture (cont) Spongy bone…

Image from http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/bone/spongy_bone_histology.htm

Page 22: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Factors affecting bones…

Page 23: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

The Spine 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar

Image fromhttp://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1286.html

Page 24: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Lordosis Concave anteriorly convex

posteriorly

Kyphosis Convex anteriorly and

concave posteriorly

Image from http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1277.html

Page 25: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Joints Arthrology (arthros = joints; logos = study)

Types Fibrous joints Cartilaginous Synovial

Page 26: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Fibrous Joints

Image from http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/manphys/joints.htm

Page 27: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Cartilaginous Joints

Image from http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/manphys/joints.htm

Page 28: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Synovial Joints

Image from http://moon.ouhsc.edu/dthompso/namics/joints.HTM#synovial

Page 29: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Synovial Joints (cont)…

Page 30: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Joint Lubrication Boundary lubrication…

Squeeze film lubrication

Page 31: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Joint Movements Limited by

Tension of ligaments & muscles

Tension of antagonist muscle

Greatest means of increasing joint flexibility is to increase muscle length.

Page 32: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Types of cartilage Hyaline…

Fibrocartilage…

Elastic cartilage…

Page 33: Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation  Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize.

Factors Affecting Cartilage…