PSY 270PSY 270COMMUNITY COMMUNITY

PSYCHOLOGYPSYCHOLOGYWeek 10 Day 1Week 10 Day 1

OutlineOutline

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Prevention and PromotionPrevention and Promotion

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1” margins1” margins 12 point font12 point font Header upper right with page Header upper right with page

numbernumber HeadingsHeadings REFERENCESREFERENCES

• In alphabetical orderIn alphabetical order• Particular prescribed formatParticular prescribed format

APA Format ExampleAPA Format Example

Examples of citations within your textExamples of citations within your text• Education can be seen as a potent ingredient Education can be seen as a potent ingredient

in promoting community change (Amante & in promoting community change (Amante & Henry, 2000).Henry, 2000).

• There are four means of empowering children There are four means of empowering children within schools (Dingle & Kringle, 1997)within schools (Dingle & Kringle, 1997)

• Booker and her colleagues (1999) have found Booker and her colleagues (1999) have found substantial relationships between poverty and substantial relationships between poverty and feelings of helplessness and trauma.feelings of helplessness and trauma.

APA Format ExampleAPA Format Example Examples of how things are cited in your reference listExamples of how things are cited in your reference list

For a JOURNAL ARTICLE--For a JOURNAL ARTICLE-- Amante, T., & Henry, J. P. (2000). The effect of Amante, T., & Henry, J. P. (2000). The effect of

education on community involvement. American Journal of education on community involvement. American Journal of Community Psychology, 49, 412-419.Community Psychology, 49, 412-419.

For a BOOK--For a BOOK-- Booker, T. J. (1999). Living in Fear and Agony. San Booker, T. J. (1999). Living in Fear and Agony. San

Francisco, CA: Brookes and Cole Publishing.Francisco, CA: Brookes and Cole Publishing.

For a CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK--For a CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK-- Dingle, A., & Kringle, C. (1997). Empowering children Dingle, A., & Kringle, C. (1997). Empowering children

in schools. In J. Jones (Ed.), Building a better future. in schools. In J. Jones (Ed.), Building a better future. Nashville, TN: Rookie Press.Nashville, TN: Rookie Press.

Prevention and PromotionPrevention and Promotion

Prevention of disordersPrevention of disorders• Focus on altering trajectories (risk)Focus on altering trajectories (risk)• Selected & indicated interventions (IOM)Selected & indicated interventions (IOM)

Promotion of wellness/competencePromotion of wellness/competence• Not well even in absence of disorderNot well even in absence of disorder• Universal interventions (IOM)Universal interventions (IOM)

Not mutually exclusive viewpointsNot mutually exclusive viewpoints

Prevention Types (Caplan,1964)Prevention Types (Caplan,1964) Primary PreventionPrimary Prevention

• Applied to an entire population to keep a problem from Applied to an entire population to keep a problem from happeninghappening

• No attempt to identify at-risk individuals, very few examples in No attempt to identify at-risk individuals, very few examples in social sciences.social sciences.

• Fluoride in drinking water, public service announcements, infant Fluoride in drinking water, public service announcements, infant care classes given to care classes given to allall new mothers in a community new mothers in a community

Secondary PreventionSecondary Prevention• Like primary prevention, is intended to keep a problem from Like primary prevention, is intended to keep a problem from

happening happening • The difference is that only certain people or sub-groups who are The difference is that only certain people or sub-groups who are

believed to be “at risk” are given the prevention believed to be “at risk” are given the prevention • Headstart, after-school program for kids with problems in schoolHeadstart, after-school program for kids with problems in school

Tertiary Prevention (or intervention)Tertiary Prevention (or intervention)• Aimed at improving symptoms, improving functioning, improving Aimed at improving symptoms, improving functioning, improving

quality of life, or preventing recurrence of a problem in people quality of life, or preventing recurrence of a problem in people who have already developed the problemwho have already developed the problem

• Defensive driving courses for people who’ve already gotten Defensive driving courses for people who’ve already gotten tickets, parenting classes for parents reported for child abusetickets, parenting classes for parents reported for child abuse

IOM Report/Types of PreventionIOM Report/Types of Prevention

1994 report influencing field1994 report influencing field Universal-good for all (primary)Universal-good for all (primary) Selective-good for folks above Selective-good for folks above

average risk for developmentaverage risk for development Indicated-good for folks with early Indicated-good for folks with early

signs/symptomssigns/symptoms

IOM perspective termsIOM perspective terms

RiskRisk ProtectionProtection ResilienceResilience Strengths Strengths ThrivingThriving