Psc Book GK Silver jubilee Edition

7/21/2019 Psc Book GK Silver jubilee Edition

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cPXPq_nenhnti jm ]Xnv ]n.Fkv. kn. _pn 1

PSC BULLETIN SILVER JUBILEE SPECIAL ISSUE -2014

website: www.keralapsc.gov.in e-mail:[email protected]

cPXPq_nen hnti jm ]Xnv2014

tIcf ]nIv kokv Iojs HutZymKnI {]knoIcWw

]nFkvkn _p n]nFkvkn _p n


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]n.Fkv. kn. _pn cPXPq _nenhnti jm ]Xnv2


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cP X Pq _nen hnti jm ]Xnv ]n.Fkv.kn._pn 3

CHAIRMAN

DR. K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN

MEMBERS

SMT. P. JAMEELA

SMT. K.K. REMANI

SHRI. U. SURESH KUMAR

PROF.(DR.) GRESAMMA MATHEW

SHRI. A.V. VALLABHAN

PROF. N. SELVARAJ

DR. P. MOHANDAS

SHRI. K. PREMARAJAN

SHRI. ASOKAN CHARUVIL

ADV. M.K. SAKEER

DR. K. USHA

ADV. V.T. THOMAS

DR. M.K. JEEVAN

ADV. V.S. HARINDRANATH

SHRI. P. SIVADASAN

SHRI. T.T. ISMAIL

SMT. SIMMY ROSEBELL JOHN

ADV. E. RAVINDRANATHAN

ADV. S. SHINE

PROF. P.A. KOCHUTHRESIA

SECRETARY

SHRI. P.C. BINOY

KERALA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

cPXPq_nen hnti jm ]Xnv ]n.Fkv. kn. _pn 3

CHAIRMAN

DR. K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN

MEMBERS

SMT. P. JAMEELA

SMT. K.K. REMANI

SHRI. U. SURESH KUMAR

PROF.(DR.) GRESAMMA MATHEW

SHRI. A.V. VALLABHAN

PROF. N. SELVARAJ

DR. P. MOHANDAS

SHRI. K. PREMARAJAN

SHRI. ASOKAN CHARUVIL

ADV. M.K. SAKEER

DR. K. USHA

ADV. V.T. THOMAS

DR. M.K. JEEVAN

ADV. V.S. HARINDRANATH

SHRI. P. SIVADASAN

SHRI. T.T. ISMAIL

SMT. SIMMY ROSEBELL JOHN

ADV. E. RAVINDRANATHAN

ADV. S. SHINE

PROF. P.A. KOCHUTHRESIA

SECRETARY

SHRI. P.C. BINOY



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]n.Fkv.kn._pn cP X Pq_nenhnti jm ]Xnv4

PSC BULLETINSILVER JUBILEE SPECIAL ISSUE -2014

EDITORIAL BOARD

CHAIRMAN

Shri. Asokan Charuvil, Member, KPSC

MEMBERSDr. K. Usha, Member, KPSC

Dr. M.K. Jeevan, Member, KPSC

Adv. V.S. Harindranath, Member, KPSC

Shri. P. Sivadasan, Member, KPSC

ADVISORS (SPECIAL ISSUE)

Shri. P.C. Binoy, Secretary, KPSC.

Shri. Saju George, Controller of Examinations, KPSC

Shri. S. Vijayadas, Additional Secretary, KPSC

Smt. J. Henreetha Dores, Joint Secretary, KPSC

CREATIVE HEAD (SPECIAL ISSUE)

Shri. N. Sandeep, Public Relations Officer

TEAM MEMBERS (SPECIAL ISSUE)

Shri. K. Sebastin

Shri. R.C. Suresh Kumar

Shri. R. Pradeep Kumar

Shri. D.Santhosh Kumar

Shri. V. Anil Kumar

Shri. B.S. JyothiShri. B. Rajesh Kumar

Shri. C. Vijayakumaran Pillai

LAYOUT

Shri. S.R. Rajagopal

Shri. N.T. Sajeev

PHOTOS

Shri. N. K. Chatterjee

EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY

P. C. BINOY,

Secretary, Kerala Public Service Commission

SECOND EDITION : September 2014

COVER DESIGN & PRINTING

Akshara Offset, Thriuvananthapuram

Rights reserved: No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any

means, without prior written permission of the publisher.

Price: 100


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3 December 2013

MESSAGE

It is good to know that the Kerala Public

Service Commission (KPSC) intends to bring

out a special edition of the PSC Bulletin in

January 2014 highlighting its functioning and

procedures. The Bulletin publishes 20,000

copies every fortnight with information

regarding job opportunities in Government

and Public Sector Undertakings.

I wish the special issue of the PSC Bulletin

all success.

(Nikhil Kumar)

NIKHIL KUMAR

GOVERNOR OF KERALA

RAJ BHAVAN

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695099


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]n. Fkv. kn. _pn cP X Pq _nen hnti jm ]Xnv6


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]n. Fkv. kn. _pn cPX Pq_nenhnti jm ]Xnv8


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]n. Fkv. kn. _pn cPX Pq_nenhnti jm ]Xnv10


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K. G. ADIYODI

(1984)

FORMER

CHAIRMEN

V.K. VELAYUDHAN

(1956-62)

P. MARIYAR PUTHAM

(1963-67)

M.K. KUMARAN

(1972-75)

T.M. SAVANKUTTY

(1975- 8I)

M.K. HEMACHANDRAN

(1981-84)

Prof. GOPALAKRISHNA KURUP

(1985-91)

R. CHANDRASEKHARAN NAIR

(1991-95)

G. GOPALAKRISHNA PILLAI

(1996-2000)

M GANGADHARA KURUP

(2000-06)

K. V. SALAHUDDIN

(2006-2011)


K. G. ADIYODI

(1984)

FORMER

CHAIRMEN

V.K. VELAYUDHAN

(1956-62)

P. MARIYAR PUTHAM

(1963-67)

M.K. KUMARAN

(1972-75)

T.M. SAVANKUTTY

(1975- 8I)

M.K. HEMACHANDRAN

(1981-84)

Prof. GOPALAKRISHNA KURUP

(1985-91)

R. CHANDRASEKHARAN NAIR

(1991-95)

G. GOPALAKRISHNA PILLAI

(1996-2000)

M GANGADHARA KURUP

(2000-06)

K. V. SALAHUDDIN

(2006-2011)


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]n.Fkv. kn._pn cPXPq _nenhnti jm ]Xnv12

CHAIRMAN

MEMBERS

DR. K. S. RADHAKRISHNAN

P. JAMEELA K. K. REMANI

U. SURESH KUMAR PROF.(DR) GRESAMMA MATHEW A. V. VALLABHAN

PROF. N. SELVARAJ DR. P. MOHANDAS K. PREMARAJAN


]n.Fkv.kn. _pn cPXPq_nen hnti jm ]Xnv12

CHAIRMAN

MEMBERS

DR. K. S. RADHAKRISHNAN

P. JAMEELA K. K. REMANI

U. SURESH KUMAR PROF.(DR) GRESAMMA MATHEW A. V. VALLABHAN

PROF. N. SELVARAJ DR. P. MOHANDAS K. PREMARAJAN



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ASOKAN CHARUVIL ADV. M.K SAKEER DR. K. USHA

ADV. V. T. THOMAS DR. M.K. JEEVAN ADV. V.S. HARINDRANATH

P. SIVADASAN T. T. ISMAIL SIMMY ROSEBELL JOHN

ADV. E. RAVINDRANATHAN ADV. S. SHINE PROF. P. A. KOCHUTHRESIA

MEMBERS


ASOKAN CHARUVIL ADV. M.K SAKEER DR. K. USHA

ADV. V. T. THOMAS DR. M.K. JEEVAN ADV. V.S. HARINDRANATH

P. SIVADASAN T. T. ISMAIL SIMMY ROSEBELL JOHN

ADV. E. RAVINDRANATHAN ADV. S. SHINE PROF. P. A. KOCHUTHRESIA

MEMBERS


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Dt Pp I fn

sNbams ktiwtUm. sI.Fkv. cm[mIr jvW

A`nam\]qw cPXPq_nen ]XnvAtimI Ncphn

]n.Fkv.kn. _pn: Ign 25 hjws{]m^. hn. tKm]meIrjvW Ipdpv

_pn tkh\w XpScsPn. tKm]me IrjvW ]n

]n.Fkv.kn. sb insSpWwFw. KwKm [c Ipdpv

knhn kokv kwhn[m\ns amXrt]SIn\cnsI

bp. kptc jvIpam

`cWLS\bpw ]n.Fkv.knbpwAUz. hn.Fkv. lco{\mYv

tIcf ]n.Fkv.kn.{]h\fpw \S]Sn{Iahpw]n.kn. _nt\mbv

dmv enn\pw AssUzkn\panSbn_n. {]Zo]v

]n.Fkv.kn. _pn\ns Ncn{XwF. ko]v

HhW cPnkvt{Sj\pw Hmsse ]cobpwB. at\mPv

tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj\pw Ncn{XhpwsI. sk_m y

s]mXphnm\wB.kn. kptcjvIpam

A\p_w

ap ]n.Fkv.kn. sNbamamcpw AwKfpwsk{Idnamcpw

sdmtj Nmv

]n.F kv. kn.bpambn _s hnhn[slUv Hm^v AupI

taJem Pnm B^okpIfpsS hnemkw

236

237

238

239

43


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20

21

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26

29

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Dt Pp I fn

sNbams ktiwtUm. sI.Fkv. cm[mIrjvW

A`nam\]qw cPXPq_nen ]XnvAtim I Ncphn

]n.Fkv.kn. _pn: Ign 25 hjws{]m^. hn. tKm]meIrjvW Ipdpv

_pn tkh\w XpScsPn. tKm]m eIrjvW ]n

]n.Fkv.kn. sb insSpWwFw. KwKm[c Ipdpv

knhn kokv kwhn[m\ns amXrt]SIn\cnsI

bp. kptcjvIpam

`cWLS\bpw ]n.Fkv.knbpwAUz. hn.Fkv. lco{\mYv

tIcf ]n.Fkv.kn.{]h\fpw \S]Sn{Iahpw]n.kn. _nt\mbv

dmv enn\pw AssUzkn\panSbn_n. {]Zo]v

]n.Fkv.kn. _pn\ns Ncn{XwF. ko]v

HhW cPnkvt{Sj\pw Hmsse ]cobpwB. at\mPv

tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj\pw Ncn{XhpwsI. sk_my

s]mXphnm\wB.kn. kptc jvIpam

A\p_w

ap ]n.Fkv.kn. sNbamamcpw AwKfpwsk{Idnamcpw

sdmtj Nmv

]n.Fkv.kn.bpambn _ s hnhn[slUv Hm^v AupI

taJem Pnm B^okpIfpsS hnemkw

236

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cf \thmm\ns krjvSnbmWv Cp ImWp tIcf ] nIv kokvIojs BZncq]amb XncphnXmwIq

]nIv kokv Ioj. XncphnXmwIqdnsekm DtZymKw ]ctZinI ISnshXns\Xnscbp {] tmàmWv aebmfn satmdnb. \m\mPmXn aX Hcpanp tNp\Sn hnPbn kacambncpp A Xv. AXns ^ eambn XncphnXmwIqdnse km DtZymKw kztZinIfmb khmbnamdn. AhKWns AhcpsS kacambncpp Cughsatmdnb. AXvhnPbntXmsSbmWv km DtZymKw \m\mPmXnImbn XpdpInnbXv. AtXmsS tbmKycmb DtZymKsc Ism\mbn Hcp kwhn[m\w Dmtnhp.

XncphnXmwIq ] nIv ko kv Io j,tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj\mbn 1956 cq]oIrXambtm AsXmcp cWLS\m m]\ambn amdn. \psS `cWL S\ hn`mh\w

sNp P\m[n] Xy atXXc tkmj y env ]cam[nImc dn nIv cq]o Icnm\pw B dnnIv DbnnSnp kzmX{yw, kaXzw,kmtlmZcyw Fo almaqey m]nm\pap almm]\ambn kokv Ioj\pI amdWsav \njvIjnsp.

tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj Cu eykmmXvImcn\mbn ]cn{ianp hnPbn m]\amWv. AXpsImmWv GXp \nb a\hpw]n.F kv.kn. \SW sa hym]Iamb Bhiyw Ctmgpw \psS kaqln \nv Dbp hcp Xv. XnI_pntbmsS F nt\bpw hnainp \psS kaqlamWv kwibclnXamb hnizmkyX Cu m]\n AnncnpXv F Xpw {i tb amWv. hni zmkyXbpw kpXmcyXbpw, DchmZnXzt_m[hpwHsmcpatbmsS Icq]w ssIhcnpp F XmWv ]n.Fkv.kn. bpsS {]h\ Ncn{Xwkm y s Spp Xv. A XpsImmWv CpImWp kzoImcyX ]n.Fkv.kn. v e`nXv.

tUm. sI.Fkv. cm[mIrjvW

sNbamtIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

tI

cP X Pq _nen hnti jm ]Xnv ]n.Fkv.kn._pn 15cPXPq_nen hnti jm ]Xnv ]n.Fkv. kn. _pn 15

cf \thmm\ns krjvSnbmWv Cp ImWp tIcf ]nIv ko kvIojs BZncq]amb XncphnXmwIq

]nIv kokv Ioj. XncphnXmwIqdnsekm DtZymKw ]ctZinI ISnshXns\Xnscbp {]tmàmWv aebmfn satmdnb. \m\mPmXn aX Hcpanp tNp\Sn hnPbn kacambncpp AXv. A Xns êambn XncphnXmwIqdnse km DtZymKw kztZinIfmb khmbnamdn. AhKWns AhcpsS kacambncpp Cughsatmdnb. AXvhnPbntXmsSbmWv km DtZymKw \m\mPmXnImbn XpdpInnbXv. AtXmsS tbmKycmb DtZymKsc Ism\mbn Hcp kwhn[m\w Dmtnhp.

XncphnXmwIq ] nIv ko kv Ioj,tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj\mbn 1956 cq]oIrXambtm AsXmcp cWLS\m m] \ambn amdn. \psS `cW L S\ hn`mh\w

sNp P\m[n] Xy atXXc tkmjyenv ]cam[nImc dnnIv cq]oIcnm\pw B dnnIv DbnnSnp kzmX{yw, kaXzw,kmtlmZcyw Fo almaqey m]nm\pap almm]\ambn kokvIoj\pI amdWsav \njvIjnsp.

tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj Cu eykmmXvImcn\mbn ]cn{ianp hnPbn m] \amWv. A XpsImmWv GXp \nba\hpw]n.F kv.kn. \SW sa hym] Iamb Bhiyw Ctmgpw \psS kaqln \nv Dbp hcpXv. XnI_pntbmsS F nt\bpw hnainp \psS kaqlamWv kwibclnXamb hnizmkyX Cu m]\n Anncnp Xv F Xpw {itbamWv. hnizmkyXbpw kpXmcyXbpw, DchmZnXzt_m[hpwHsmcpatbmsS Icq]w ssIhcnpp F XmWv ]n.F kv.kn. bpsS {] h\ Ncn{Xwkmys SppXv. A XpsImmWv CpImWp kzoImcyX ]n.Fkv.kn. v e`nXv.

tUm. sI.Fkv. cm[mIrjvW

sNbamtIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

tI



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hnizm kyX bpw

kpXmcyXbpw,

DchmZnXzt_m [ hpw

HsmcpatbmsS

I cq]w

ssIh cnp p

FXmWv

]n.Fkv.kn.bpsS

{]h\ Ncn{Xw

km y

sSppXv

] nIv ko kv Ioj s I]cn]mSnIvt\XrXzw \Inb sNbamamcpw, AwK fpw Cu m]\ns \s mbn {] hn Po h\mcpw Hsmcpanv {] hnXns eamWv Cu hnizmkyXbpw kzoImcyXbpw. Cybnse CXc kwm\fnse kokv Ioj\pIvA]Nbw Dmbn Fv]ctamX tImSXnI hsc \ncontmgpw

tIcf ] nIv ko kv Io j \v Xe DbnnSnv \nm\mbXv Cu {] h\ coXn sImmWv.

]n.Fkv.kn. bnse DtZymKcpsS AwKkwJy 1650 Xmsg bmWv. Cu DtZymK cmWvHcp hjw 30 ew t] cpsS ] co \SpXv; icmicn Fgpqtdmfw dmv ]nII DmpXv; GXmv Hcp en apXn\mbncw t] sc dmv ]nIbn D s Spp Xv;icmicn apntbgmbncw t]v \nba\ ip]mi \Ip Xv; \nb a\w e`nhv thn hjn cp {]mhiyw 202 C\nembn hIppXe ] co \SpXv; \nb a\w

t\Snb apgph DtZymKcptSbpw \nba\ ]cntim[\ \SpXv. Cmcyn RsfklmbnpXv kvIq, tImtfPv, kIemime Xefnse AmZanI kaqlamsWXv \ntbmsS kvacnpp.

]n.F kv.kn. ] cobpsS tNmZy tNmZySemkv Xmdmp AmZanIvhnZKv [\pw,tNmZySemkv ASnp skIyqcnn {]pImc\pw DtZymKmnbpw am{XamWv ImWpXv. ]n.Fkv.kn. bnse sNbam\pw AwK fpw DtZymKcpaSw Bcpw AXp ImWmtdbn. ] co Ignm DS {]mYanI Dc kqNnI {] knoIcnpp. tNmZy fpsS

\nehmcw Dc fnse i cn, sXpI F nhsbmw kqvaambn ] cntim[nv Bt ] Dbnm\mbn DtZymKmnIv]pZnhkw \Ipp. aqp hnjb hnZKv[ ASp kanXn ] cmXnI ] cntim[nv XopInpp. Cu kwhn[m\amWv ] n.Fkv.kn.]cobpsS kzoImcyXbvpw hnizmkyXbvpwASnm\w.

C sX mw Im c y a am bn sN bv Xp sIm n cnp tm gpw sN dn b ho gv N I v t]m epw cqamb hnai\ fmWv R t\cnSpXvFXpw Hmpp. hnai\ Dbnptm bmsXmcp bhpw ImWntXn. Imc Ww \n fp sS hn a i \ R sf Iq SpX Pm K cq I cm p p. Im e Xm a k am Wv ]n.F kv.kn. t\ cn Sp {] [m \ sh p hn fn. a \pjy km y am b G hpw Ip d k a b ] cn [np n hn m ] \w ap X \n b a \ ip ]mi h sc bp Im c y sN bv Xp Xo W sa e y tm sS bm Wv R {] h n p Xv. F.Pn.F kv, F.Un.kn. D s sS {]

[m\ XkvXnIIfntep \nba\n\p thn bp hn m ] \ tm sSm w dm v ] n I{] kn o I cn p Xo b Xn A S w {] J ym ]nm Ctm ]n.Fkv.kn.v Ignbppv. Fm hn m ] \ psam w dm v ] n I {]kn o I cn p Xo b Xn Iq Sn {I ao I cn m \pwkab _ nXambn A Xv ]menm\pamWv R ] cn {i an p Xv.

Hmsse ]co m \Snv A SapImcyfneqsS Cu eyw kmmXvcnm\mIpw FmWv R {]XonpXv.

Cu Pq_nen hj n Fm hmb \mpw ]n.Fkv.kn.bpsS BiwkI.

]n.Fkv. kn._pn cPXPq _nenhnti jm ]Xnv16 ]n.Fkv.kn. _pn cPXPq_nen hnti jm ]Xnv16

hn izmkyXbpw

kpXmcyXbpw,

DchmZnXzt_m [ hpw

HsmcpatbmsS

I cq ]w

ssI hcn pp

FXmWv

]n.Fkv.kn.bpsS

{]h\ Ncn{Xw

km y

sSppXv

] nIv ko kv Io js I] cn]mSnIv t\XrXzw \Inb sNbamamcpw, AwK fpw Cu m] \ns \s mbn {] hn Po h\mcpw Hsmcpanv {] hnXns eamWv Cu hnizmkyXbpw kzoImcyXbpw. Cybnse CXc kwm\fnse kokvIoj\pIv A]Nbw Dmbn Fv]ctamX tImSXnI hsc \ncontmgpw

tIcf ] nIv ko kv Io j\v Xe DbnnSnv \nm\mb Xv Cu {] h\ coXn sImmWv.

]n.Fkv.kn. bnse DtZymKcpsS AwKkwJy 1650 Xmsg bmWv. Cu DtZymK cmWvHcp hjw 30 ew t]cpsS ] co \SpXv; icmicn Fgpqtdmfw dmv ]nII DmpXv; GXmv Hcp en apXn\mbncw t] sc dmv ] nIbn Ds SppXv;icmicn apntbgmbncw t]v \nba\ ip]mi \IpXv; \nb a\w e`nhv thn hjn cp {]mhiyw 202 C\nembn hIppXe ] co \Sp Xv; \nb a\w

t\Snb apgph DtZymKcptSbpw \nba\ ]cntim[\ \SpXv. Cmcyn Rsfklmbnp Xv kvIq, tImtfPv, kIemime Xefnse AmZanI kaqlamsWXv \ntbmsS kvacnpp.

]n.F kv.kn. ]co bpsS tNmZy tNmZySemkvXmdmp AmZanIv hnZKv [\pw,tNmZySemkv ASnp skIyqcnn {]pImc\pw DtZymKmnbpw am{XamWv ImWpXv. ]n.F kv.kn. bnse sNbam\pw AwK fpw DtZymKcpaSw Bcpw AXp ImWmtdbn. ] co Ignm DS {]mYanI Dc kqNnI {] kno Icnpp. tNmZy fpsS

\nehmcw Dc fnse icn, sXpI F nhsb mw kqvaambn ]cntim[nv Bt] Dbnm\mbn DtZymKmnIv]pZnhkw \Ipp. aqp hnjb hnZKv[ ASp kanXn ] cmXnI ]cntim[nv XopInpp. Cu kwhn[m\amWv ]n.Fkv.kn.]cobpsS kzoImcyXbvpw hnizmkyXbvpwASnm\w.

C sX mw Im c y a am bn sN bv Xp sIm n cnp tm gpw sN dn b ho gv N I v t]m epw cq amb hnai \ fmWv R t\cnSp XvFXpw Hmpp. hnai\ Dbnptm bmsXmcp `bhpw ImWntXn. Imc Ww \n fp sS hn a i \ R sf Iq SpX Pm K cq I cm p p. Im e Xm a k am Wv ]n.F kv.kn. t\ cn Sp {] [m \ sh p hn fn. a \pjy km y am b G hpw Ip d k a b ] cn [np n hn m ] \w ap X \n b a \ ip ]mi h sc bp Im c y sN bv Xp Xo W sa e y tm sS bm Wv R {] h n p Xv. F.Pn.F kv, F.Un.kn. D s sS {]

[m\ XkvXnIIfntep \nba\n\p thn bp hn m ] \ tm sSm w dm v ] n I{] kn o I cn p Xo b Xn A S w {] J ym ]nm Ctm ]n.Fkv.kn.vIgnbppv. Fm hn m ] \ psam w dm v ] n I {]kn o I cn p Xo b Xn Iq Sn {I ao I cn m \pwkab _nXambn A Xv ]menm\pamWv R ] cn {i an p Xv.

Hmsse ] com \Snv A SapImcyfneqsS Cu eyw kmmXvcnm\mIpw FmWvR {]XonpXv .

Cu Pq_nen hjn F m hmb\mpw ]n.Fkv.kn.bpsS BiwkI.



19/244


A`nam\]qwcPX Pq_n en Xnv

AtimI Ncphn

]{Xm [n]kanXn sNbam,sa

tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

fsctbsd A`nam\tmSpw ktmjtmSpw IqSnbmWv tIcf ]nIv kokv Iojs HutZymKnI {]kno

I c W am b ]n. F kv.kn _p n \n s Cu c PX Pq _n en ] Xn v ]p d n d p Xv. C y bnse am {X a tem I s X s C X c ] n Ivkokvkwhn[m\fpambn XmcXaysSpp

tm Xn f am H cp N cn {X am Wv \ p sS]n. F kv. kn p Xv. Xp S Im ew ap X \mfnXphsc Cu alm{]m\n\vt\XrXzw \Inb _lpam\ycmb sNbamamcptSbpw sa am cp tS bpw, H cp sXm gn F Xn \ p dw cWLS\m]camb Hcp Ihyw F \nebn Iojs\tk hn p ]n cn h cpw Xp S cp h cp am b B bn c W n \pPoh\m cp tS bpw k t\m` mh am Wv Cu k hn ti j N cn {Xn s ]n _ ew.

tI c f ]n. F kv. kn. \n lnpsImncnp hn]peamb NpaXeIfptSbpw tkh\fptSbpw Hcp sNdnb Awiw am{Xta _pn\neqsS shfnsSpm \app Ignbppp.sXmgn Ahkcfpambn _ s v \n c h [n {] kn o I cW C v a e bm f n Cdppv. DtZymKmnIfpsSbpw cnXmfptSbpw DWvT {]knoIcWcwKv \smcp amns\s cq]sSpnbXmbnIm Wp p. A Xp sIm v \ sm cp a cw B

ta J e bn \ S p p v. Xn I pw Hu tZ ym KnI am b H cp {] kn oIc Ww F \n e bn R a c s mw C p d m Wv. F nsbpw DtZymKmnInSbn \ \ne bn ep kzoIm cy X ]n. Fkv. kn. _p n\pv.

] {X {] h \w C v A t b w s{]m j \ en kw B hi ys Sp Hcp I e bpw _n kn\ p am Wv. sXm gn cw K s ] {X {] h \w B ta J e bn se H cp {] [m \ kv s] j ssetkj\mWv. ]t Anep bmsXmcp hnZKv[cptSbpw ]npWtbm klmbtam CmsX

bm Wv ]n. F kv. kn. _p n C d p Xv F k Xyw Cu A h k c n se n epw Xp d p] d bW sa v R B {K ln p p. m \bw e`npw ewamdnbpw hcp km[mcW anep RfpsS DtZymK XsbmWv _p n kw _ am b Np a X e I \nlnpXv. ]t AWt_m[w sImpw

BflmX sImpw Ah Xmakwhn\m Imcytijn t\Spp FXmWv Cu {]knoIcWns ku`mKyw.

Fmcw ]cnanXnIpw AIp\npsImv Ign Ccp]nbp hjambn Im

cyamb CSthfI CmsX ]n.F kv. kn. _p n C d nsmncnpp. ]n.Fkv.kn.bpambn _s sXmgn AhkcfpsS ka{Kcq]nep A dn bn v, hn i Z am b ssSwtS_nfpI, At] kan

]coChyq kw_n DtZymKmnIp\nti, NpcpnI, dmv ] n I Xp S n ] co Ip XmsdSpp DtZymKmnIsf klmbnpXn\pam Xr Im tNm Zym h en bpw hnm \ hn h c hpw _p n \neq sS \ Ip p. \m a am {X am

b hn e Cu Sm n sm m Wv _pn DtZymKm n I v F n p Xv F Xn epw RvNmcnXmyapv . Cu AhkcntI c f n se ]n. F kv.kn v H cp Hu tZ ym Kn I

{] kn o I c Ww F B i bw ap tm p sh A s _ lp. Aw Kw {io. sX aw _m eIrjvWs kvacWpapn R incpIp \n pp.

] n Iv k o kv I o j \p I fp sS m ]\w km aq ly ] cn h \ {] {In b bn se kp{][m \ \m gn I p I fm bn m Wv C p ] cn K Wnp Xv. C y bn se ]n. F kv.kn I v ` cWLS\m]camb ]Zhnbpw s]mXp hyhIfpw \ Im \p {i a n \n sS \ p sS ` c WL S \mk \n co n Nn e kp {] [m \ h kv XpX I D v. F mw C hn sS hn h cn p n . H

hhhhh

sX aw _m e Ir jv W sX aw _m e Ir jv W sX aw _m e Ir jv W sX aw _m e Ir jv W sX aw _m e Ir jv W


] n Iv k o kv] n Iv k o kv] n Iv k o kv] n Iv k o kv] n Iv k o kvI o j \p I fp sSI o j \p I fp sSI o j \p I fp sSI o j \p I fp sSI o j \p I fp sSm ] \w km aqm ] \w km aqm ] \w km aqm ] \w km aqm ] \w km aq

ly ] cn h \ly ] cn h \ly ] cn h \ly ] cn h \ly ] cn h \{] {In b bn se kq{] {In b bn se kq{] {In b bn se kq{] {In b bn se kq{] {In b bn se kq{][m\ \mgnI{][m\ \mgnI{][m\ \mgnI{][m\ \mgnI{][m\ \mgnIpIfmbnmWv CpIfmbnmWv CpIfmbnmWv CpIfmbnmWv CpIfmbnmWv Cp ] cn K Wn pp ] cn K Wn pp ] cn K Wn pp ] cn K Wn pp ] cn K Wn pXv.Xv.Xv.Xv.Xv.


A`nam\]qwcPX Pq_n en Xnv

AtimI Ncphn

]{Xm [n]kanXn sNbam,sa

tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

fsctbsd A`nam\tmSpw ktmjtmSpw IqSnbmWv tIcf ]nIv kokv Iojs HutZymKnI {]kno

I c W am b ]n. F kv.kn _p n \n s Cu c PX Pq _n en ] Xn v ]p d n d p Xv. C y bnse am {X a tem I s X s C X c ] n Ivkokvkwhn[m\fpambn XmcXaysSpp

tm Xn f am H cp N cn {X am Wv \ p sS]n. F kv. kn p Xv. Xp S Im ew ap X \mfnXphsc Cu alm{]m\n\vt\XrXzw \Inb _lpam\ycmb sNbamamcptSbpw sa am cp tS bpw, H cp sXm gn F Xn \ p dw cWLS\m]camb Hcp Ihyw F \nebn Iojs\tk hn p ]n cn h cpw Xp S cp h cp am b B bn c W n \pPo h \ m cp tSbpw k t\m mh am Wv Cu k hn ti j N cn {Xn s ]n _ ew.

tI c f ]n. F kv. kn. \n lnpsImncnp hn]peamb NpaXeIfptSbpw tkh\fptSbpw Hcp sNdnb Awiw am{Xta _pn\neqsS shfnsSpm \app Ignbppp.sXmgn Ahkcfpambn _ s v \n c h [n {] kn o I cW C v a e bm fn Cdppv. DtZymKmnIfpsSbpw cnXmfptSbpw DWvT {]knoIcWcwKv\smcp amns\s cq]sSpnbXmbnIm Wp p. A Xp sIm v \ sm cp a cw B

ta J e bn \ S p p v. Xn I pw Hu tZ ym KnI am b H cp {] kno I c Ww F \ne bn R a c s mw C p d m Wv. F nsbpw DtZymKmnInSbn \ \ne bn ep kzo Im c y X ]n. F kv. kn. _p n \pv.

] {X {] h \w C v A t b w s{]m j\ en kw B h i y s Sp H cp I e bpw _nkn\ p am Wv. sXm gn cw K s ] {X {] h \w B ta J e bn se H cp {] [m \ kv s] j ssetkj\mWv. ]t Anep bmsXmcp hnZKv[cptSbpw ]npWtbm klmbtam CmsX

bm Wv ]n. F kv. kn. _p n C d p Xv F k Xyw Cu A h k c n se n epw Xp d p] d b Wsa v R B {K lnp p. m\b w e`npw ewamdnbpw hcp km[mcW anep RfpsS DtZymK XsbmWv _p n kw _ am b Np a X e I \nlnpXv. ]t AWt_m[w sImpw

BflmX sImpw Ah Xmakwhn\m Imcytijn t\Spp FXmWv Cu {]knoIcWns ku`mKyw.

Fmcw ]cnanXnIpw AIp\npsImv Ign Ccp]nbp hjambn Im

cyamb CSthfI CmsX ]n.F kv. kn. _p n C d nsmncnpp. ]n.Fkv.kn.bpambn _s sXmgn AhkcfpsS ka{Kcq]nep A dn bn v, hn i Z am b ssSwtS_nfpI, At] kan

]coChyq kw_n DtZymKmnIp\nti, NpcpnI, dmv ] n I Xp S n ] co Ip XmsdSpp DtZymKmnIsf klmbnpXn\pam Xr Im tNm Zym h en bpw hnm \ hn h c hpw _p n \neq sS \ Ip p. \m a am {X am

b hn e Cu Smn sm m Wv _p n D tZ ymKm n I v F n p Xv F Xn epw Rv NmcnXmyapv. Cu AhkcntI c f n se ]n. F kv.kn v H cp Hu tZ ym Kn I

{] kn o I c Ww F B i bw ap tm p sh A s _ lp. Aw Kw {io. sX aw _m eIrjvWs kvacWpapn R incpIp \n p p.

] n Iv k o kv I o j \p I fp sS m ]\w km aq ly ] cn h \ {] {In b bn se kp{][m \ \m gn I p I fm bn m Wv C p ] cn K Wnp Xv. C y bn se ]n. F kv.kn I v ` cWLS\m]camb ]Zhnbpw s]mXp hyhIfpw \ Im \p {i a n \n sS \ p sS ` c WL S \mk \n con Nn e kp {] [m \ h kv XpX I D v. F mw C hn sS hn h cn p n . H

hhhhh

sX aw _m e Ir jv W sX aw _m e Ir jv W sX aw _m e Ir jv W sX aw _m e Ir jv W sX aw _m e Ir jv W


] n Iv k o kv] n Iv k o kv] n Iv k o kv] n Iv k o kv] n Iv k o kvI o j \p I fp sSI o j \p I fp sSI o j \p I fp sSI o j \p I fp sSI o j \p I fp sSm ] \w km aqm ] \w km aqm ] \w km aqm ] \w km aqm ] \w km aq

ly ] cn h \ly ] cn h \ly ] cn h \ly ] cn h \ly ] cn h \{]{In b bn se kq{] {Inbbn se kq{]{In b bn se kq{] {Inbbn se kq{]{In bbn se kq{][m\ \mgnI{][m\ \mgnI{][m\ \mgnI{][m\ \mgnI{][m\ \mgnIpIfmbnmWv CpIfmbnmWv CpIfmbnmWv CpIfmbnmWv CpIfmbnmWv Cp ] cn K Wn pp ] cn K Wn pp ] cn K Wn pp ] cn K Wn pp ] cn K Wn pXv.Xv.Xv.Xv.Xv.


20/244


cp Im cyw am {Xw Nq n m Wn s. A Xp ]n.F kv. kn. I p ap p Im e b f hn se km \nba\fpambn _sp \SncpAcmPIXzhpw PoXbpamWv. B PoX]noSv kaqlnemsI Hcp ]Ihym[n t]mse ] S nd n. k aq l n s D ] cn L S \bn hncmPnncp Hcp \yq\] hn`mK n\p am {X am bn A v k m \nba \ kwh c Ww sN s n cp p F p ] d bmw. C XvA [ :n X ]n m P \ hn m K fp sS Po hnX s k aq l n s ]p d tm n te p h ensdnp FXvHcp hkv XpX. AXnt\m{] [m \w Ir jn bpw ssI sm gn ep am bn Po hnp t]m h en sbm cp hn m Kw P \ X bp sS hn es Ignhnt\bpw A\p`htbpw cmjv{Sn\v D]bpam coXnbn ]mgmnfpF XmWv. Cy tb tmse kmwkvImcnIambpw km aq ln I am bpw hn n ti jn I ]p ensmvBbncWn\p hjfmbn \ne \n p sN dp Xpw h ep Xp am b P \ hn m K fp sS k a Xp en X am b ] m fn w hn I k \

{]{Inbbnepw cmjv{S ]p\\nmWnepw Dd p h cp W sa v ` c W L S \m in ev ]n I

\n bn p.

1935 se C ym K h sa v \n b a a \p k cnv tI { n epw {] hn i y I fn epw ] n Iv ko kv Ioj \p I \n e hn h n cp p. 1930I C ym N cn {Xn se k hn ti j am b H cpZ i I am Wv. 1936 Xn cphn Xmw Iq dn ] n Ivkokv IojWdpw sImnbn m v ske t_m Up ap m bn. t {X {] th i \

hnfw_capmb hjw Xs tIcfn ]n.F kv. kn. kw hn [m \ n \v Xp S w Ip dn p F Xv B tem N \m ar X am b hn j b am Wv. Np cp n tI c f ]n. F kv. kn. tI c fo b \ thmm\ns IqSn kZv eamsWv ]dbmw. ae bm fn sa tm dn b en t bpw Cu g h sa tm dnbentbpw almb kw`mh\.

AXpsImpXs ap ]n.Fkv.kn. Ifn\nvhyXykv Xamb Ncn{Xhpw hntijs ZuX y hpw \ ap p m b Xn A Xv p X n \v A hIm i an . ] cn an Xn I F {X X s D s mepw Cu a l m b N cn {X Zu X y n s {] Iminp apJw shfnsSpphm ]n.Fkv.kn.

_pn {]Xnm_amWv.


t {X {] th i \t {X {] th i \t {X {] th i \t {X {] th i \t {X {] th i \hn fw _ c ap m bhn fw _ c ap m bhn fw _ c ap m bhn fw _ c ap m bhn fw _ c ap m bh jw X s tIh jw X s tIh jw X s tIh jw X s tIh jw X s tIc f n ]n. F kv.c f n ]n. F kv.c f n ]n. F kv.c f n ]n. F kv.c f n ]n. F kv.kn. kwhn[m\nkn. kwhn[m\nkn. kwhn[m\nkn. kwhn[m\nkn. kwhn[m\n\v Xp S w Ip dn p\v Xp S w Ip dn p\v Xp S w Ip dn p\v Xp S w Ip dn p\v Xp S w Ip dn pF Xv B tem NF Xv B tem NF Xv B tem NF Xv B tem NF Xv B tem N\m ar X am b hn j\m ar X am b hn j\m ar X am b hn j\m ar X am b hn j\m ar X am b hn jbamWv.bamWv.bamWv.bamWv.bamWv.


cp Im cyw am {Xw Nq n m Wn s. A Xp ]n.F kv. kn. I p ap p Im e b f hn se km \nba\fpambn _sp \SncpAcmPIXzhpw PoXbpamWv. B PoX]noSvkaqlnemsI Hcp ]Ihym[n t]mse ] S nd n. k aq l n s D ] cn L S \bn hncmPnncp Hcp \yq\] hn`mK n\p am {Xam bn Av km \n b a\ kwh c Ww sN s n cp p F p ] d bmw. C XvA [ :n X ]n m P \ hn m K fp sS Po hnX s k aq l n s ]p d tm n te p h ensdnp FXv Hcp hkvXpX. AXnt\m{] [m \w Ir jn bpw ssI sm gn ep am bn Po hnp t]m h en sbm cp hn m Kw P \ X bp sS hn es Ignhnt\bpw A\p`htbpw cmjv{Sn\vD]bpam coXnbn ]mgmnfpF XmWv. Cytbtmse kmwkvImcnIambpw km aq ln I am bpw hn n ti jn I ]p ensmvBbncWn\p hjfmbn \ne \n p sN dp Xpw h ep Xp am b P \ hn m K fp sS k a Xp en X am b ] m fn w hn I k \

{]{Inbbnepw cmjv{S ]p\\nmWnepw Dd p h cp W sa v ` c W L S \m in ev ]n I

\n bn p.

1935 se C ym K h sa v \n b a a \p k cnv tI { n epw {] hn i y I fn epw ] n Iv kokv I o j \p I \ne hn hn cp p. 1930I C ym N cn {X n se k hn ti j am b H cpZ i I am Wv. 1936 Xn cphn Xmw Iq dn ] n Ivkokv IojWdpw sImnbn m v ske t_m Up ap m bn. t {X {] th i \

hnfw_capmb hjw Xs tIcfn ]n.F kv. kn. kw hn [m \ n \v Xp S w Ip dn p F Xv B tem N \m ar X am b hn j b am Wv. Np cp n tI c f ]n. F kv. kn. tI c fo b \ thmm\ns IqSn kZv eamsWv ]dbmw. ae bm fn sa tm dn b en t bpw Cu g h sa tm dnbentbpw almb kw`mh\.

AXpsImpXs ap ]n.Fkv.kn. Ifn\nv hyXykvXamb Ncn{Xhpw hntijs ZuX y hpw \ ap p m b Xn A Xv p X n \v A hIm i an . ] cn an Xn I F {X X s D s mepw Cu a l m b N cn {X Zu X y n s {] Iminp apJw shfnsSpphm ]n.Fkv.kn.

_pn {]Xnm_amWv.


t {X {] th i \t {X {] th i \t {X {] th i \t {X {] th i \t {X {] th i \hn fw _ c ap m bhn fw _ c ap m bhn fw _ c ap m bhn fw _ c ap m bhn fw _ c ap m bh jw X s tIh jw X s tIh jw X s tIh jw X s tIh jw X s tIc f n ]n. F kv.c f n ]n. F kv.c f n ]n. F kv.c f n ]n. F kv.c f n ]n. F kv.kn. kwhn[m\nkn. kwhn[m\nkn. kwhn[m\nkn. kwhn[m\nkn. kwhn[m\n\v Xp S w Ip dn p\v Xp S w Ip dn p\v Xp S w Ip dn p\v Xp S w Ip dn p\v Xp S w Ip dn pF Xv B tem NF Xv B tem NF Xv B tem NF Xv B tem NF Xv B tem N\m ar X am b hn j\m ar X am b hn j\m ar X am b hn j\m ar X am b hn j\m ar X am b hn jbamWv.bamWv.bamWv.bamWv.bamWv.


21/244


F kv.kn. _p n {]kn o I c Wns Ccp]nbp hjw ]nnSpIbmWv. AXns {]knoIcWw Bcw

`np kabv CXpt]mep Hcp {]knoIcWw \nehnepmbncpn. DtZymKmnI Adntb Imcy Ahcn Fnm]nb Hcp {]knoIcWamWvAv mh\bnDmbncpXv. Cv Cu cwKv sXmgnhm, sXmgnhoYn t]mep At\Iw {]knoIcW \nehnepv. Chsb mwXstIcfnse {]apJ Zn\{XfmWv {]knoIcnpXv Fv \mw HmWw.

]n.F kv.kn. _p n\ns {]knoIcWwXpS p tm Rm ]n.Fkv.kn bpsSsNbam Bbn cp p. ]n. F kv. kn. v Hcp{]knoIcWw F Bibw BZyambn Io

j \n sIm p h Xv Ap sa dm bn cpCubnsS ZnhwK X\mb sXaw _meIrjvW\mbncpp. ]noSv ]eXenepw CXns\pdnv NI \Sn Ahkm\w Hcp {]knoIcWw F Bibw AwKoIcnpIbmbncpp.AXn\ptijw KhsapXenepw CXns\p dnv Bib hn \n abw \SpIbpw AwKoImcw t\SpIbpw sNbvXp. Av_lpam\ssI.IcpWmIc\mbncpp tIcf apJya{n. Iojs {]knoIcWn\v Bhiyamb FmkzmX{yhpw \ne\nm th klIcWwAtlns mKp\npw e`nncpp.

Khsa v {]n ASnncptmgp

_pnappI adnISm\pw _p n kabpXs {]knoIcnm\pw Ignp. kzImcy{]n ASnncptm Dmb A\p`hwHmpIbmWv. {]knoIcWn\p amXmdmn {]n Fn p I gn m B{]kn o I c W ime Cd p CXp t]m ep{]kno IcW n\v Bhi y amb am \sImSp p Xn \nv tiJ cn ti jta ]n.Fkv.kn _p n ASnp am bn cp p p.Cs\ ]e tifpw BZyImev A\p`hsncpp.

]n.F kv.kn. _p n\ns {]knoIcW

tmS\p_ np DZvLmS\ ktf\w bqWnthgvknn pU vkv skdnhv \SmXocpam\np. _lpam\s tIcf apJ y a{n

sI. IcpWmIc {]knoIcWw \nlnpI, As hmmhn\nabhIppa{n BZy{]Xn Gp hm p I, tbmK n ]n. Fkv.knsNbam F \nebn Rm Ayw hlnpIbpw sa sXaw _meIrjvW BiwkI AnpIbpw sNpI FXmbncpp]cn]mSn. \nd pIhn kZns\ kmn\nn ]n.Fkv.kn. _pns DZvLmS\w awKfambn \Sp. A\pkyqXw {]knoIcWw \SpI FpXv ktmj IcamWv. IgnCcp]psImn\pn ]e {]knoIcWfpw Cu hgnvDtZymKmnIv hnhc Adnbm kuIcy ambn XpSnbnpv.

]t Chbvsmw hgnImnbmbn ]n.Fkv.kn._pn \nesImpp.Ign Ccp] nbphj mew tIcf

]n.Fkv.kn. sb kw_nvkphImeLwBbncpp Fp] d bm Ignbpw. ChyqampI IpdbvpXnepw sXcsSpnskakvXtaJebnepw hnizmkyX \ne\npXn\v Bhiyamb ]cnjvImc Gs Spphm\pw ]n.Fk.vvkn p Ignnpv. CXpXsbmWv ]pXnbXmbn IqSpX XkvXnIIfntep sXcsSpv \Sphm\p NpaXe]n.Fkv.kn. bn \nn]vXampXv.

Cy kz X { am b tijw Imc y amb am

tfm ]cnjvImctfm DmIm Hcp taJebmWv ]n.F kv.kn. AXns \nba\nepwA[nImcnepw am htcXpv. AXns\n Hcp hnNn \w 1935 se Khsa vHm^v Cy BIvSn\ptijw DmbnnXs.Ctm NsNsSp PUvPnamcpsS sXcs Spv k{ Zm bw t]mse Fsnepw]n.Fkv. kn. bpsS Imc y nepw Dm h Ww.CXpsImpam{Xta Cu m]\ns hnizmkyX \ne\nm IgnbpIbpp. AXn\pNI A\nhmcyambpw DmIWw FvB{Klnpp.

s{]m^. hn. tKm]meIrjvWIpdpvap sNbam

tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

]n.Fkv.kn. _pn:Ign Ccp]nbp hjw

]n]n]n]n]n


Ign Ccp ]Ign Ccp ]Ign Ccp ]Ign Ccp ]Ign Ccp ]p sIm np sIm np sIm np sIm np sIm n\pn ]e {]kn\pn ]e {]kn\pn ]e {]kn\pn ]e {]kn\pn ]e {]kn

o I c W fpwo I c W fpwo I c W fpwo I c W fpwo I c W fpwCu hgnv DtZ ymCu hgnv DtZ ymCu hgnv DtZ ymCu hgnv DtZ ymCu hgnv DtZ ymK m n I vK m n I vK m n I vK m n I vK m n I vhnh c Adnhnh c Adnhnh c Adnhnh c Adnhnh c Adnbm kuI c ybm kuI c ybm kuI c ybm kuI c ybm kuI c yambn XpSn bn pambn XpSn bn pambn XpSn bn pambn XpSn bn pambn XpSn bn pv. ]t Chv. ]t Chv. ]t Chv. ]t Chv. ]t Chbvsmw hgn Imbvsmw hgn Imbvsmw hgn Imbvsmw hgn Imbvsmw hgn Imn bmbn ]n. F kv.n bmbn ]n. F kv.n bmbn ]n. F kv.n bmbn ]n. F kv.n bmbn ]n. F kv.kn . _p nkn . _p nkn . _p nkn . _p nkn . _p n\ne sIm p p.\ne sIm p p.\ne sIm p p.\ne sIm p p.\ne sIm p p.


F kv.kn. _p n {]kn o I c Wns Ccp]nbp hjw ]nnSpIbmWv. AXns {]knoIcWw Bcw

`np kabv CXpt]mep Hcp {]knoIcWw \nehnepmbncpn. DtZymKmnI Adntb Imcy Ahcn Fnm]nb Hcp {]knoIcWamWv Av mh\bnDmbncp Xv. Cv Cu cwKv sXmgnhm, sXmgnhoYn t]mep At\Iw {]kno IcW \nehnepv. Chsb mwXstIcfnse {]apJ Zn\{XfmWv {]knoIcnpXv Fv \mw HmWw.

]n.F kv.kn. _pn\ns {]kno IcWwXpS p tm Rm ]n.Fkv.kn bpsSsNbam Bbn cp p. ]n. F kv. kn. v Hcp{]knoIcWw F Bibw BZyambn Io

j \n sIm p h Xv Ap sa dm bn cpCubnsS ZnhwK X\mb sXaw _meIrjvW\mbncpp. ]noSv ]eXenepw CXns\pdnv NI \Sn Ahkm\w Hcp {]knoIcWw F Bibw AwKoIcnpIbmbncpp.AXn\ptijw KhsapXenepw CXns\pdnv Bi b hn\n abw \S p Ibpw AwKoImcw t\SpIbpw sNbvXp. Av_lpam\ssI.IcpWmIc\mbncpp tIcf apJya{n. Iojs {]knoIcWn\v Bhiyamb FmkzmX{yhpw \ne\nm th klIcWwAtlns `mKp\npw e`nncpp.

Khsa v {]n ASnncptmgp

_pnappI adnISm\pw _p n kabpXs {]knoIcnm\pw Ignp. kzImcy{]n ASnncptm Dmb A\p`hwHmpIbmWv. {]knoIcWn\p amXmdmn {]n Fn p I gn m B{]kn o I c W ime Cd p CXp t]m ep{]kno IcWn\v Bhi y amb am \sImSp p Xn \nv tiJ cn ti jta ]n.Fkv.kn _p n ASnp am bn cp p p.Cs\ ]e tifpw BZyImev A\p`hsncpp.

]n.F kv.kn. _p n\ns {]kno IcW

tmS\p_ np DZvLmS\ ktf\w bqWnthgvknn pU vkv skdnhv \SmXocpam\np. _lpam\s tIcf apJya{n

sI. IcpWmIc {]knoIcWw \nlnpI, As hmmhn\nabhIppa{n BZy{]Xn Gp hm p I, tbmK n ]n. Fkv.knsNbam F \nebn Rm Ayw hlnpIbpw sa sXaw _meIrjvW BiwkI AnpIbpw sNpI FXmbncpp]cn]mSn. \nd pIhn kZns\ kmn\nn ]n.Fkv.kn. _pns DZvLmS\w awKfambn \Sp. A\pkyqXw {]knoIcWw \SpI FpXv ktmjIcamWv. IgnCcp]psImn\pn ]e {]knoIcWfpw Cu hgnv DtZymKmnIvhnhc Adnbm kuIcy ambn XpSnbnpv.

]t Chbvsmw hgnImnbmbn ]n.Fkv.kn._pn \nesImpp.Ign Ccp] nb phj mew tIcf

]n.Fkv.kn. sb kw_nvkphImeLwBbncpp Fp]d bm Ignbpw. ChyqampI IpdbvpXnepw sXcsSpnskakvXtaJ ebnepw hni zmkyX \ne\np Xn\v Bhi y amb ]cnjvImc Gs Spphm\pw ]n.Fk.vvkn p Ignn pv. CXpXsbmWv]pXnbXmbn IqSpX Xkv XnIIfntep sXcs Spv \Sphm\p NpaXe]n.Fkv.kn. bn \nn]vXampXv.

Cy kz X { am b tijw Imc y amb am

tfm ]cnjvImctfm DmIm Hcp taJebmWv ]n.Fkv.kn. AXns \nb a\nepwA[nImcnepw am htcXpv. AXns\n Hcp hnNn \w 1935 se Khsa vHm^v Cy BIvSn\ptijw DmbnnXs.Ctm NsNsSp PUvPnamcpsS sXcs Spv k{ Zm bw t]mse Fsnepw]n.Fkv. kn. bpsS Imc y nepw Dm h Ww.CXpsImpam{Xta Cu m]\ns hnizmkyX \ne\nm IgnbpIbpp. AXn\pNI A\nhmcyambpw DmIWw FvB{Klnpp.

s{]m^. hn. tKm]meIrjvWIpdpvap sNbam

tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

]n.Fkv.kn. _pn:Ign Ccp]nbp hjw

]n]n]n]n]n


Ign Ccp ]Ign Ccp ]Ign Ccp ]Ign Ccp ]Ign Ccp ]p sIm np sIm np sIm np sIm np sIm n\pn ]e {]kn\pn ]e {]kn\pn ]e {]kn\pn ]e {]kn\pn ]e {]kn

o I c W fpwo I c W fpwo I c W fpwo I c W fpwo I c W fpwCu hgnv DtZ ymCu hgnv DtZ ymCu hgnv DtZ ymCu hgnv DtZ ymCu hgnv DtZ ymK m n I vK m n I vK m n I vK m n I vK m n I vhnh c Adnhnh c Adnhnh c Adnhnh c Adnhnh c Adnbm kuI c ybm kuI c ybm kuI c ybm kuI c ybm kuI c yambn XpSn bn pambn XpSn bn pambn XpSn bn pambn XpSn bn pambn XpSn bn pv. ]t Chv. ]t Chv. ]t Chv. ]t Chv. ]t Chbvsmw hgn Imbvsmw hgn Imbvsmw hgn Imbvsmw hgn Imbvsmw hgn Imn bmbn ]n. F kv.n bmbn ]n. F kv.n bmbn ]n. F kv.n bmbn ]n. F kv.n bmbn ]n. F kv.kn . _p nkn . _p nkn . _p nkn . _p nkn . _p n\ne sIm p p.\ne sIm p p.\ne sIm p p.\ne sIm p p.\ne sIm p p.


22/244


_pn

tkh\w XpS cs

cn \n e p t]m b ]n. F kv. kn. _p n ho pw {] kn o I c Ww B cw n W sa \n t iw F s {i bn s Sp

n b Xv D X cm jv {So b n \n pw ]n. Fkv. kn. bn te bv v I S p h H cp ap Aw KwCmcyw sSent^mWn DbntmgmWv. Hcp amXncnsbms \SnsImpt]mbm t]mepw eWn\vDtZymKmnIv {]kn

oIcWw {]tbmP\sSpsap Imcynkwibsampanmbncpp. AXpsImpXsF p sIm p \n p t]m bn F Xn s\ n henb At\zjWsampw \SmsX hopw {]knoIcnm\p Xocpam\apmbn. HnIqSpX Ioj tbmKfn hniZambn N sNbvXv hcmhp XSsf Ipsdsbmshn e bn cp n A h D m Im Xn cn m \p ] eapIcpXepIfpsaSpmbncpp Xocpam\w.

]p \ cm cw n ti jw h cn m cp sS F nep m b {I am\pK X amb h\hv Hcp h en bip`kqN\bmbn _sh ImWpIbpw sNbvXp. Hcp ZiIne[nIambn {]km[I A

b p X cp e Rm ap S w Iq Sm sXhmbnppv. GsXnepw XS Dmbm Ahsbms ]cnlcnp apSw IqSmsX

\Sm IgnbppshXv A`nam\IcamWv.kwiban.

]n.F kv. kn. bp am bn _ s t\m n nt j \p I ap X dm v en p I h sc H cp]mSv Im c y k ab n \v D tZ ym Km n Idnbm kuIcyapmIpXv IqSmsX ac ] co I t\ cn Sp Xn \v G hp ap X Ip s]mXphnm\ kw_amb hnhcfpw Cu

{] kn o I c W n ep s Xp h f sc \ Imc y amWv. A dn hn s imJ I h f sc hn ]peambXpsImv GXm\pw efnembn GsXnepw H cp im J Xr ]v Xn I c am bn ssI Im cyw sNm I gn s p h cn . F m epw F Un am {i n m G sX n epw H cp ]o cn b Un H tm c tm h jw sIm v H cp h w F mimJIfpw hniZambn ssIImcyw sNm\pw AXphgn Ctmgs coXnbn hj sNehgnv XmsdSpp \Sp DtZymKmnIv A Sp pw Nn bp am bn X m sd Sp v \ S m\pw D ] I cn pw.

]n.Fkv.kn. bnse hfsc s{]m^jW B

b Po h \ m cp sS k lm b tm Sp Iq Sn ]n. Fkv.kn. _p n A Xns tkh\w hfscmew XpScssbmiwknpp.

Pn. tKm ]m e Ir jvW ]n ap sNbamtIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

HHHHH

A dn hn s im JA dn hn s im JA dn hn s im JA dn hn s im JA dn hn s im JI h f sc hn ]p eI h f sc hn ]p eI h f sc hn ]p eI h f sc hn ]p eI h f sc hn ]p eam b Xp sIm v Gam b Xp sIm v Gam b Xp sIm v Gam b Xp sIm v Gam b Xp sIm v G

Xm \pw e fnXm \pw e fnXm \pw e fnXm \pw e fnXm \pw e fnem bn G sX n epwem bn G sX n epwem bn G sX n epwem bn G sX n epwem bn G sX n epwH cp im J Xr ]v XnH cp im J Xr ]v XnH cp im J Xr ]v XnH cp im J Xr ]v XnH cp im J Xr ]v XnI c am bn ssI ImI c am bn ssI ImI c am bn ssI ImI c am bn ssI ImI c am bn ssI Imcyw sN m I gncyw sN m I gncyw sN m I gncyw sN m I gncyw sN m I gns p h cn .s p h cn .s p h cn .s p h cn .s p h cn .Fmepw FUnFmepw FUnFmepw FUnFmepw FUnFmepw FUnam {i n m Gam {i n m Gam {i n m Gam {i n m Gam {i n m GsX n epw H cp ]osX n epw H cp ]osX n epw H cp ]osX n epw H cp ]osX n epw H cp ]ocnbUnHtm ccnbUnHtm ccnbUnHtm ccnbUnHtm ccnbUnHtm ctm h jw sImtm h jw sImtm h jw sImtm h jw sImtm h jw sImv H cp h w F mv H cp h w F mv H cp h w F mv H cp h w F mv H cp h w F mim J I fpw hn i Zim J I fpw hn i Zim J I fpw hn i Zim J I fpw hn i Zim J I fpw hn i Z

am bn ssI Im cywam bn ssI Im cywam bn ssI Im cywam bn ssI Im cywam bn ssI Im cywsN m \pw A Xp hsN m \pw A Xp hsN m \pw A Xp hsN m \pw A Xp hsN m \pw A Xp hgn C tm g s cogn C tm g s cogn C tm g s cogn C tm g s cogn C tm g s coXnbn hj Xnbn hjXnbn hj Xnbn hjXnbn hj sNehgnvXmsdsNehgnv XmsdsNehgnvXmsdsNehgnv XmsdsNehgnvXmsdSp p \ S p DSp p \ S p DSp p \ S p DSp p \ S p DSp p \ S p DtZ ym Km n ItZ ym Km n ItZ ym Km n ItZ ym Km n ItZ ym Km n Iv A Sp pw Nn v A Sp pw Nn v A Sp pw Nn v A Sp pw Nn v A Sp pw Nn bp am bn X m sd Spbp am bn X m sd Spbp am bn X m sd Spbp am bn X m sd Spbp am bn X m sd Spv \ S m \pw D ]v \ S m \pw D ]v \ S m \pw D ]v \ S m \pw D ]v \ S m \pw D ]I cn pw.I cn pw.I cn pw.I cn pw.I cn pw.

]n.Fkv. kn._pn cPXPq _nenhnti jm ]Xnv20 ]n.Fkv.kn. _pn cPXPq_nen hnti jm ]Xnv20

_pn

tkh\w XpS cs

cn \n ep t]m b ]n. F kv. kn. _p n ho pw {] kn o I c Ww B cw n W sa \n t iw F s {i bn s Sp

n b Xv D X cm jv {So b n \n pw ]n. Fkv. kn. bn te bv v I S p h H cp ap Aw KwCmcyw sSent^mWn DbntmgmWv. Hcp amXncnsbms \SnsImpt]mbm t]mepw eWn\v DtZymKmnIv {]kn

oIcWw {]tbmP\sSpsap Imcynkwibsampanmbncpp. AXpsImpXsF p sIm p \n p t]m bn F Xn s\ n henb At\zjWsampw \SmsX hopw {]knoIcnm\p Xocpam\apmbn. HnIqSpX Ioj tbmKfn hniZambn N sNbvXv hcmhp XSsf Ipsdsbmshn e bn cp n A h D m Im Xn cn m \p ] eapIcpXepIfpsaSpmbncpp Xocpam\w.

]p \ cmcw n ti jw h cn m cpsS F nepm b {Iam \p KX am b h \ hv H cp h en bip`kqN\bmbn _sh ImWpIbpw sNbvXp. Hcp ZiIne[nIambn {]km[I A

b p X cp e Rm ap S w Iq Sm sXhmbnppv. GsXnepw XS Dmbm Ahsbms ]cnlcnp apSw IqSmsX

\Sm IgnbppshXv A`nam\IcamWv.kwiban.

]n.F kv. kn. bp am bn _ s t\m n nt j \p I ap X dm v en p I h sc H cp]m Sv Im c y k a b n \v D tZ ym Km n Idnbm kuIcyapmIpXv IqSmsX ac ] co I t\ cn Sp Xn \v G hp ap X Ip s]mXphnm\ kw_amb hnhcfpw Cu

{] kn o I c W n ep s Xp h f sc \ Imcy am Wv. A dnhns im J I hf sc hn]p e ambXpsImv GXm\pw efnembn GsXnepw H cp im J Xr ]v Xn I c am bn ssI Im cyw sNm I gn s p h cn . F m epw F Un am {i n m G sX n epw H cp ]o cn b Un H tm c tm h jw sIm v H cp h w F mimJIfpw hniZambn ssIImcyw sNm\pw AXphgn Ctmgs coXnbn hj sNehgnv XmsdSpp \Sp DtZymKmnIv A Sp pw Nn bp am bn X m sd Sp v \ S m\pw D ] I cn pw.

]n.Fkv.kn. bnse hfsc s{]m^jW B

b Po h \ m cp sS k lm b tm Sp Iq Sn ]n. Fkv.kn. _pn A Xns tkh\w hfscmew XpScssbmiwknpp.

Pn. tKm ]m e Ir jvW ]n ap sNbamtIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

HHHHH

A dn hn s im JA dn hn s im JA dn hn s im JA dn hn s im JA dn hn s im JI h f sc hn ]p eI h f sc hn ]p eI h f sc hn ]p eI h f sc hn ]p eI h f sc hn ]p eam b Xp sIm v Gam b Xp sIm v Gam b Xp sIm v Gam b Xp sIm v Gam b Xp sIm v G

Xm \pw e fnXm \pw e fnXm \pw e fnXm \pw e fnXm \pw e fnem bn G sX n epwem bn G sX n epwem bn G sX n epwem bn G sX n epwem bn G sX n epwH cp im J Xr ]v XnH cp im J Xr ]v XnH cp im J Xr ]v XnH cp im J Xr ]v XnH cp im J Xr ]v XnI c am bn ssI ImI c am bn ssI ImI c am bn ssI ImI c am bn ssI ImI c am bn ssI Imcyw sN m I gncyw sN m I gncyw sN m I gncyw sN m I gncyw sN m I gns p h cn .s p h cn .s p h cn .s p h cn .s p h cn .Fmepw FUnFmepw FUnFmepw FUnFmepw FUnFmepw FUnam {i n m Gam {i n m Gam {i n m Gam {i n m Gam {i n m GsX n epw H cp ]osX n epw H cp ]osX n epw H cp ]osX n epw H cp ]osX n epw H cp ]ocnbUnHtm ccnbUnHtm ccnbUnHtm ccnbUnHtm ccnbUnHtm ctm h jw sImtm h jw sImtm h jw sImtm h jw sImtm h jw sImv H cp h w F mv H cp h w F mv H cp h w F mv H cp h w F mv H cp h w F mim J I fpw hn i Zim J I fpw hn i Zim J I fpw hn i Zim J I fpw hn i Zim J I fpw hn i Z

am bn ssI Im cywam bn ssI Im cywam bn ssI Im cywam bn ssI Im cywam bn ssI Im cywsN m \pw A Xp hsN m \pw A Xp hsN m \pw A Xp hsN m \pw A Xp hsN m \pw A Xp hgn C tm g s cogn C tm g s cogn C tm g s cogn C tm g s cogn C tm g s coXnbn hj Xnbn hj Xnbn hj Xnbn hj Xnbn hj sNehgnv XmsdsNehgnvXmsdsNehgnv XmsdsNehgnvXmsdsNehgnv XmsdSp p \ S p DSp p \ S p DSp p \ S p DSp p \ S p DSp p \ S p DtZ ym Km n ItZ ym Km n ItZ ym Km n ItZ ym Km n ItZ ym Km n Iv A Sp pw Nn v A Sp pw Nn v A Sp pw Nn v A Sp pw Nn v A Sp pw Nn bp am bn X m sd Spbp am bn X m sd Spbp am bn X m sd Spbp am bn X m sd Spbp am bn X m sd Spv \ S m \pw D ]v \ S m \pw D ]v \ S m \pw D ]v \ S m \pw D ]v \ S m \pw D ]I cn pw.I cn pw.I cn pw.I cn pw.I cn pw.



23/244


m kokntep dn{Iqvsa v\SpI, DtZymKcpsS cnsSpepw s{]tamj\pw kw_n tbm

KyXm\n b nepw, kokv kw_ ambap Imcyfnepw K hsan\p icnbmb D]tZ iw \ Ip I Xp S n b kp {] [m b Np a X eI \nlnp cWLS\m m]\amWv] n Iv k o kv I o j. tI c f n km k o kn \p ]p d ta {] tX y I \n b a \nmWneqsS s]mXptaJemklIcW m]\fntep dn{Iq vsapw ]n.Fkv.kn sbGnnpv. eWn\v At]Icn

\n v G hpw A \p tbm P y cm b B fp I sf kwhcW XXz IrXyambn ]menpsImv \njv ] hpw \oXn ]q I hp am b \ S ] Sn {I afn eqsS I s n hn hn [ X kv Xn I I fn \nban p I F Xv h f sc {i a I c hpw km aq ln I{]m [m \ y ap Xp amb {] {In b bm Wv. Cu I S a\nlnphm Khsans \nb{Wn\p hn t[ b a m H cp kz X { kw hn [m \wBhiyamsW cWLS\m \nmXmfpsSZoL hoWns ASnm\nemWvtI{ kw m \ X e fn ] n Iv k o kv Io j \p I cq ] o I cn m \p hy h I cWLS\bn DsmnXv.

tI cfo b k aq l ns D b kmaq ln Iho W n tbpw \o Xn t_m [ n t bpw ASnm\n ap kwm\fn \np hyXyambn tIcf ]n.Fkv.kn. bpsS {]knbpw {]m [m \ y hpw h f sc h ep Xm Wv. kp Xm cyhpw IfclnXhpamb {]h\fneqsS tIc f ]n. F kv. kn. t\ Sn sb Sp n p hn i zm k yX bpw C Xn \p Im c W am Wv. Iq Sp X Iq SpX \n b a \ ]n. F kv. kn. h gn bm I W sa P\Io bmhiyw Cu hni zmkyXbpsS sXfnhm Wv. \n d th s Sm \p I h y , kaq l n s {] Xo pw B h i y pa \pk cn p \n ln p hm I gn bp p tm F ]cntim[\bpw hnebncpepw A\pkyqXw \

Snsmpw IpdhpI ]cnlcnpsImpwam{Xta Cu hnizmkyX \ne\nm\pw insSpm\pw Ignbq.

dn {Iq v san se Im e Xm a k am Wv tI c f ]n Iv k o kv I o j C p t\ cn Sp G hpw {] [m \ {] iv \w. H gn hp I dn tm p sNbv Xn p Im n cn p K h sa v Un m psapIfpw m]\ fpw ]n.F kv.knbpsS hna i I cm hp I kz m hnIhpam Wv. A Xp t]mseX s H cp Po hn X am n \p th n h j fmbn {]XotbmsS Imncnp sNdpm]n.Fkv.kn sb i]npXn\pw Ipw ]dbm

kkkkkI gn bp I bn . Cu h en b Im e Xm a kw K hsa v k okn s bpw s]m Xp ta J em m] \fptSbpw ImcyaXtbbpw A`ykvXhnZycmb bphmfpsS PohnXtbpw F{Xam{Xw tZmj I c am bn _m [n p p F p hn i Zo I cn t Im c y an . Np cp n ]n .F kv. kn. bp sS{]knsbXs atenp nXnbnte v Cu {] iv \w am dn bnp v.

Kp cp X c am b Cu {] iv \ n \v A Sn b n c] cn lm cw Im Wp Xn \p k X z c \ S ] Sn I]n.Fkv.kn.bptSbpw Khsantbpw mKp\n p m Ipw F m Wv F s {] Xo . A Uv

an\nkvt{Sj IqSpX iamnsmpw, Poh \ m cp sS I ti jn ] c am h [n D ] tbm KsSpnsmpw IrXyamb Bkq{XWneqsS bpw hn e bn cp en eq sS bpw e y t\Sn sb Sp m \p {i m ]q amb ]cn{ia Iojs mKp\npmIWw. Fm CXp sIm p am {Xw C s km l N c y s a dnI S p hm I gn bp I bn . tPm en m cw kw _np IrXyamb hnebncp \Sn AsXmw kab_nXambn sNbvXpXopXn\vbYm n F s mw kwhn [m \ fmWv]pXpXmbn ]n.Fkv.kn. bn DmtXv FXv kw_nv hyamb ]T\w \SWw.I o j Aw K fpw D tZ ym K cpw B h i ysan Khsa v{]Xn\n[nIfpw Dsmp H cp k an Xn sb C Xn \p th n \n tbm Kn p Xpw \ Xm Wv. Im c y Xm a kn n mthn I n n I cq ]oI cn p Xp t]m se bmImsX hfscsspXs ]T\w ]qnbmWw.

imkv{Xobamb Cu ]T\n ASnm\n Poh\mcpsS Fnepw ]mekuIcyfnepw F{Xam{Xw h\hpmIWsa p \n bn Ww. b Ym B h i y I Xbp sS A Sn m \ n embn cn Ww Cu I s. ]n.Fkv.kn.bpsS {]h\coXnIfnh cp t am fpw, Im e Xm a n \p Im c

W am Ip \ S ] Sn {I a ] cn jv Icn bv epwCu ]T \ n s `m K am mw. {] tbm P \ an msX henb enpI {] kno Icnp Ctmg s co Xn, F. kn. F. dn {Iq v sa v, dm v enpIfpsS Imemh[n \o, XpSnbhbpw Cu]T \ n D sm n m hp XmWv. hn Z ym` ym k tbm K y X bp sS A Sn m \ n Hm tcmh j hpw \m tem A tm s]m Xp ] co I\ S n en p X m dm p I bpw A h bn Ds h p am {X am bn ss^ \ sk e ]cn an X s Sp p I bpw sN bv Xm ep mIp tPmenpdhpw kabem`hpw ]cntim[nmhpXm

]n.Fkv.knsb insSpWwFw. KwKm[cpdpv

ap sNbamtIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

KpcpXcamb Cu {]KpcpXcamb Cu {]KpcpXcamb Cu {]KpcpXcamb Cu {]KpcpXcamb Cu {]iv\n\v ASnbniv\n\v ASnbniv\n\v ASnbniv\n\v ASnbniv\n\v ASnbnc ] cn lm cw Im Wpc ] cn lm cw Im Wpc ] cn lm cw Im Wpc ] cn lm cw Im Wpc ] cn lm cw Im Wp

Xn \p k X z c Xn \p k X z c Xn \p k X z c Xn \p k X z c Xn \p k X z c\S]SnI ]n.\S]SnI ]n.\S]SnI ]n.\S]SnI ]n.\S]SnI ]n.Fkv.Fkv.Fkv.Fkv.Fkv.kn.kn.kn.kn.kn.bp tS bpw K hbptS bpw K hbp tS bpw K hbptS bpw K hbp tS bpw K hsan t bpw `m Ksan t bpw `m Ksan t bpw `m Ksan t bpw `m Ksan t bpw `m Kp \n p m Ipwp \n p m Ipwp \n p m Ipwp \n p m Ipwp \n p m IpwF m Wv F s {]F m Wv F s {]F m Wv F s {]F m Wv F s {]F m Wv F s {]Xo. AUvan\nkvXo. AUvan\nkvXo. AUvan\nkvXo. AUvan\nkvXo. AUvan\nkvt{Sj IqSpX it{Sj IqSpX it{Sj IqSpX it{Sj IqSpX it{Sj IqSpX i a m n s m a m n s m a m n s m a m n s m a m n s mpw, Po h \ m cppw, Po h \ m cppw, Po h \ m cppw, Po h \ m cppw, Po h \ m cpsS I ti jn ] csS I ti jn ] csS I ti jn ] csS I ti jn ] csS I ti jn ] camh[n D]tbmKsamh[n D]tbmKsamh[n D]tbmKsamh[n D]tbmKsamh[n D]tbmKsSp n sm pw IrSp n sm pw IrSp n sm pw IrSp n sm pw IrSp n sm pw IrXyamb Bkq{XWXyamb Bkq{XWXyamb Bkq{XWXyamb Bkq{XWXyamb Bkq{XWn eq sS bpw hn en eq sS bpw hn en eq sS bpw hn en eq sS bpw hn en eq sS bpw hn ebncp en eq sS bpwbn cp en eq sS bpwbncp en eq sS bpwbn cp en eq sS bpwbn cp en eq sS bpwey t\Snsbey t\Snsbey t\Snsbey t\Snsbey t\SnsbSp m \p {i mSp m \p {i mSp m \p {i mSp m \p {i mSp m \p {i m]q am b ] cn {i a]q am b ] cn {i a]q am b ] cn {i a]q am b ] cn {i a]q am b ] cn {i a I o j s I o j s I o j s I o j s I o j s`mKp\npmI`mKp\npmI`mKp\npmI`mKp\npmI`mKp\npmIWwWwWwWwWw

cP X Pq _nen hnti jm ]Xnv ]n.Fkv.kn._pn 21cPXPq_nen hnti jm ]Xnv ]n.Fkv. kn. _pn 21

m kokntep dn{Iqvsa v\SpI, DtZymKcpsS cnsSpepw s{]tamj\pw kw_n tbm

K y Xm\nb nepw, ko kv kw_ambap Imcy fnepw Kh san\p i cnbmb D]tZ iw \ Ip I Xp S n b kp {] [m b Np a X eI \nlnp cWLS\m m]\amWv] n Iv k o kv I o j. tI c f n km k o kn \p ]p d ta {] tX y I \n b a \nmWneqsS s]mXptaJemklIcW m]\fntep dn{Iq vsapw ]n.Fkv.kn sbGnnpv. eWn\vAt]Icn

\n v G hpw A \p tbm P y cm b B fp I sf kwhcW XXz IrXyambn ]menpsImv \njv ] hpw \o Xn]q I hp am b \ S ] Sn {I a fn eq sS I s n hn hn [ X kv XnI I fn \n ban p I F Xv h f sc {i a I c hpw km aq ln I{]m [m \y ap Xp am b {] {In b bm Wv. Cu I S a\nlnphm Khsans \nb{Wn\p hn t[ b a m H cp kz X { kw hn [m \wBhiyamsW cWLS\m \nmXmfpsSZoL hoWns ASnm\nemWvtI{ kw m \ X e fn ] n Iv k o kv Io j \p I cq ] o I cn m \p hy h I cWLS\bn DsmnXv.

tIc fo b k aql n s Db km aq lnIho Wnt bpw \o Xn t_m [ n t bpw ASnm\n ap kwm\fn \np hyXyambn tIcf ]n.Fkv.kn. bpsS {]knbpw {]m [m \ y hpw h f sc h ep Xm Wv. kp Xm cyhpw IfclnXhpamb {]h\fneqsS tIc f ]n. F kv. kn. t\ Sn sb Sp n p hn i zm k yX bpw C Xn \p Im c W am Wv. Iq Sp X Iq SpX \n b a \ ]n. F kv. kn. h gn bm I W sa P\Iobmhiyw Cu hni zmkyXbpsS sXfnhm Wv. \n d th s Sm \p I h y , kaq l n s {] Xo pw B h i y p a \pk cn p \n ln p hm I gn bpp tm F ]cntim[\bpw hnebncpepw A\pkyqXw \

Snsmpw IpdhpI ]cnlcnpsImpwam{Xta Cu hnizmkyX \ne\nm\pw insSpm\pw Ignbq.

dn {Iq v san se Im e Xm a k am Wv tI c f ]n Iv k o kv I o j C p t\ cn Sp G hpw {] [m \ {] iv \w. H gn hp I dn tm p sNbv Xn p Im n cn p K h sa v Un m psapIfpw m] \ fpw ]n.F kv.knbpsS hna i I cmhpI kz m hn I hp amWv. A Xp t]m seX s H cp Po hn X am n \p th n h j fmbn {]XotbmsS Imncnp sNdpm]n.Fkv.kn sb i]npXn\pw Ipw ]dbm

kkkkkI gn bp I bn . Cu h en b Im e Xm a kw K hsa v ko kn sbpw s]m XptaJ em m ] \fptSbpw ImcyaXtbbpw A`ykvXhnZycmb bphmfpsS PohnXtbpw F{Xam{Xw tZmj I c am bn _m [n p p F p hn i Zo I cn t Im c y an . Np cp n ]n .F kv. kn. bp sS{]knsbXs atenp nXnbnte v Cu {] iv \w am dn bn p v.

Kp cp X c am b Cu {] iv \ n \v A Sn b n c] cn lm cw Im Wp Xn \p k X z c \ S ] Sn I]n.Fkv.kn.bptSbpw Khsantbpw mKp\n p m Ipw F m Wv F s {] Xo . A Uv

an\nkvt{Sj IqSpX iamnsmpw, Poh \ m cp sS I ti jn ] c am h [n D ] tbm KsSpnsmpw IrXyamb Bkq{XWneqsS bpw hn e bn cp en eq sS bpw e y t\Snsb Spm \p {im]qam b ] cn {i a Iojs mKp\npmIWw. Fm CXp sImp am {Xw C s km l N c ys adnI S p hm I gn bp I bn . tPm en `m cw kw _np IrXyamb hnebncp \Sn AsXmw kab_nXambn sNbvXpXopXn\vb Ym n Fs mw kw hn [m \ fm Wv]pXpXmbn ]n.Fkv.kn. bn DmtXv FXv kw_nv hyamb ]T\w \SWw.I o j Aw K fpw D tZ ym K cpw B h i ysan Khsa v {]Xn\n[nIfpw Dsmp H cp k an Xn sb C Xn \p th n \n tbm Kn p Xpw \ Xm Wv. Im c y Xm a kn n mth n In n I cq ]o I cn p Xp t]m se bmImsX hfscsspXs ]T\w ]qnbmWw.

imkv{Xobamb Cu ]T\n ASnm\n Poh\mcpsS Fnepw ]mekuIcyfnepw F{Xam{Xw h\hpmIWsa p \n bn Ww. b Ym B h i y I Xbp sS A Sn m \ nem bn cn Ww Cu I s. ]n.Fkv.kn.bpsS {]h\coXnIfnh cp t am fpw, Im eXm a n \p Imc

W am Ip \ S ] Sn {I a ] cn jv Icn bv epwCu ]T \ n s `m K am mw. {] tbm P \ an msX henb enpI {] knoIcnp Ctmg s co Xn, F. kn. F. dn {Iq v sa v, dm v enpIfpsS Imemh[n \o, XpSnbhbpw Cu]T \ n D sm n m hp Xm Wv. hnZ ym` ym k tbm K y X bp sS A Sn m \ n Hm tcmh j hpw \m tem A tm s]m Xp ] co I\ S n en p X m dm p I bpw A h bn Ds h p am {X am bn ss^ \ sk e ]cn an X s Sp p I bpw sN bvXm epm Ip tPmenpdhpw kabem`hpw ]cntim[nmhpXm

]n.Fkv.knsb insSpWwFw. KwKm[cpdpv

ap sNbamtIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

KpcpXcamb Cu {]KpcpXcamb Cu {]KpcpXcamb Cu {]KpcpXcamb Cu {]KpcpXcamb Cu {]iv\n\vASnbniv\n\vASnbniv\n\vASnbniv\n\vASnbniv\n\vASnbnc ] cn lm cw Im Wpc ] cn lm cw Im Wpc ] cn lm cw Im Wpc ] cn lm cw Im Wpc ] cn lm cw Im Wp

Xn \p k X z c Xn \p k X z c Xn \p k X z c Xn \p k X z c Xn \p k X z c\S]SnI ]n.\S]SnI ]n.\S]SnI ]n.\S]SnI ]n.\S]SnI ]n.Fkv.Fkv.Fkv.Fkv.Fkv.kn.kn.kn.kn.kn.bp tS bpw K hbp tSbpw Khbp tS bpw K hbp tSbpw Khbp tS bpw K hsan t bpw `m Ksan t bpw `m Ksan t bpw `m Ksan t bpw `m Ksan t bpw `m Kp \n p m Ipwp \n p m Ipwp \n p m Ipwp \n p m Ipwp \n p m IpwF m Wv F s {]F m Wv F s {]F m Wv F s {]F m Wv F s {]F m Wv F s {]Xo. AUvan\nkvXo. AUvan\nkvXo. AUvan\nkvXo. AUvan\nkvXo. AUvan\nkvt{Sj IqSpX it{Sj IqSpX it{Sj IqSpX it{Sj IqSpX it{Sj IqSpX i a m n s m a m n s m a m n s m a m n s m a m n s mpw, Po h \ m cppw, Po h \ m cppw, Po h \ m cppw, Po h \ m cppw, Po h \ m cpsS I ti jn ] csS I ti jn ] csS I ti jn ] csS I ti jn ] csS I ti jn ] camh[n D]tbmKsamh[n D]tbmKsamh[n D]tbmKsamh[n D]tbmKsamh[n D]tbmKsSp n sm pw IrSp n sm pw IrSp n sm pw IrSp n sm pw IrSp n sm pw IrXyamb Bkq{XWXyamb Bkq{XWXyamb Bkq{XWXyamb Bkq{XWXyamb Bkq{XWn eq sS bpw hn en eq sS bpw hn en eq sS bpw hn en eq sS bpw hn en eq sS bpw hn ebn cp en eq sSbpwbn cp en eq sS bpwbn cp en eq sSbpwbn cp en eq sS bpwbn cp eneq sS bpwey t\Snsbey t\Snsbey t\Snsbey t\Snsbey t\SnsbSp m \p {i mSp m \p {i mSp m \p {i mSp m \p {i mSp m \p {i m]q am b ] cn {i a]q am b ] cn {i a]q am b ] cn {i a]q am b ] cn {i a]q am b ] cn {i a I o j s I o j s I o j s I o j s I o j s`mKp\npmI`mKp\npmI`mKp\npmI`mKp\npmI`mKp\npmIWwWwWwWwWw



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Wv. AXnssbmpw hniZamb hmZapJfnte v Cu sN dn b Ip dn n ISpn. tPmen`m c n s h \ \p k cn v ]n. F kv. knbn se {] h \ kuI c y hn n p IFXmWv {][m\ Imcyw.

\ p sS kn hn k o kn s Im c y a Xtb bpw A Xp h gn kw m \ n s km nI km aq ln I hn I k \ tbpw t\ cn p _m [np Cu {]iv\w DchmZnXztmsS Gs

Sp m ]n. F kv. kn bpw K h sapw X m dmI Ww. km n I _m y X bpw a pw Nq nm n X S kr jv Sn m {i an p h]n. F kv. kn. Zp e s S W sa v B {K ln p h cm Wv. ]n hm Xn \n b a \w, Xm ev m enI \n b a \w, {I a c ln X s{]m tam j \p I Xp Sn b A hn ln X \ S ] Sn I \n _m [w \ S W sa n ]n. F kv.kn bp sS {] h \ a o hn n W sa v A h dn bmw. hn X WvUhmZsf XnfpsImv CmintbmsS Xocpam\sfSpphm Khsan\pIgnbWw. Kh sans\ CXns A \nhmcyX t_m y s Sp m ]n.F kv.kn pw I gn b

Ww. ]n. F kv. kn. bp sS {] h \ ti jn CtXns Ccnsbnepamn amphm\p[o c am b \ S ] Sn I fn eq sS am {X ta dn {Iq v sanse A h y am b Ime Xma k sa Kp cpX cam b {] iv \ n \v ] cn lm cw Im Wm I gn bq.A Xp h gn kw m \ n \p t\ Sm I gn bp hn I k \ t\ p ap n sN e h gn m hp Xp I bp sS h ep w F {X \n m c am bn cnpsavv _ s h a\nemWw.

k a {K am b H cp hn]peo Ic W ] Xn Xmdm n K h san \pw B kq {X I pw P \ {]Xn \n [n I pw \ ev In sm v k a b _ n Xam bn \ S m p Xn \p {] h \ ]n.F kv. kn. kw L Sn n Ww. D tZ ymK ta [m

hn I fp sS Z bm Zm n W y Xz n s am {Xw A Snm\n cW\S]SnI \onsmncnp C s kml N c y n ] Xn Hu]NmcnIambn Khsan\p kannpImncpm am{Xw t]mcm, kaqlnsbmsI {ibnsmp hpsImv Hcp s]mXp Bhiyambn CXns\ amnsbSpm IgnbWw. ImeXmakns ImcWfpw AXv Ahkm\nn p Xn \p ]n. F kv. kn. \ S p ] cn {i a fpw _lpP \ sf bm sI t_m y s Sp Ww. A s\ am {X ta im i z X am b {] iv \] cnlm cw km y am Iq. hn ]p eoI c W ] Xn \ Smbngnm, \nba\m[nImcnIfpsS A`y

\ e`np F{XamkIw \nbanstS h cp sS ] n I \ ev Im I gn bp sa v apIq n {] J ym ]n Ww. A Xp Ir X y am bn ]m enpXn\p Fm kwhn[m\fpw ]n.Fkv.kn.bn D m I Ww. kv s] j y dq kpw A S \ S ] Sn I fpw a pw kw _ n D ] tZ i Ir X y k a b v X s \ ev Ip Xp ssS ISaIsfmw e{]Zambn \nlnphmIgnbWw. As\am{Xta, ]n.Fkv.kn.bpsS{] k n bpw {]m [m \ y hpw kw c n s Sp Ibpp.

\psS cmPyns cWhyhbpsSbmsI \n bm a I L S I am Wv C y c W L S \.

`cWLS\mXXztfbpw hyhItfbpw AwKoIcntXpw BZcntXpw `cWt\XrXznsbpw DtZymKhrntbpw ISabm Wv. ` c W L S \m m ] \ sf Aw Ko I cntXpw AhcpsS D]tZi\ntip {]m[m \yw \ ev tI Xpw C Xn s `m K am Wv. Fm C Xn \n s mw hy Xn N en p \n e]mSpIfmWv ]etmgpapmIpXv. CeIo j t\bpw kn.F.Pn. tb bpw t]mse cW

L S \ t\ cn p kr jv Sn n p H cp m ] \ sa \nebn Khsans DssSbp kzm[o\p \nb{WpaXoXambn kzX { am bn {] h n t c W L S \m m] \ am Wv ]n .F kv.kn. ]nIv kokv Iojs sNehpIv \nbak`bpsS thmpt]mepw B h i y an s p ` c W L S \ hy h sNp p. I o j sN b am t\ bpw Aw K sfbpw \n b an p K h p t]m epw A h sc\ow sN m A [n Im c an . kn nw Kv kp{]owtImSXn PUvPnbpsS At\zjWnsbpwNo v P n kn s ip ]m i bp tS bpw ASn m\ n C y {] kn Un \p am {X ta sN b

am t\ tbm Aw K t tbm \o w sN m I gnbq. dn b san \p ti jw t]m epw tI { kwm \ K h sap I fp sS Iogn H cp D tZ ym Khpw Ah kzoIcnm ]mSnspw tkh\thX\ hyhIfnsempw Ahv tZmjIc am b co Xn bn am w h cp cp sX pw ` c WL S \bn hy h sN bv Xn p v. kz X { ]Zhn DbnnSnphm Ioj \p kmyamIp hm th n bm Wv Cu ] cn c I fpw ] Z hnbpw \evInbnpXv. Ccnep Hcp m] \ n s kp K a am b {] h \ n \v B hi y am b km l N c y H cp n sm Sp t _my X Kh san\pv.

A tX k a bw Xn I D c hm Z n X z t_m[tmsSbpw kmaqlnI{]Xn_tbmsSbpwkz w I S a I \n ln t _m [ y X Io j \p ap v. kn hn k o kn s Im c y aXhnnm\pw Khsans {]h\sf kmlbnm\pw ]n.Fkv.kn. {]Xnm_am Wv. ` c W L S \ tbm Spw A Xp h gn P \ tfm Spw ]n. F kv. kn. p t\ cn v D c hm ZnX z ap v. I o j s A [n Im c ] cn [n bn h cp Im cy fn K h san s sX m b Xo cpam\fpw \ntifpapmbm AhbvsXn sc i am b \n e ]m sS Sp m I o j \pIgnbWw. cmjv{Sobw DssSbp ImcyC Xn \p X S k am Im ]m Sn . h f sc sk kn

o hv B b H cp ta J e bn {] h n p cWLS\m m]\sa \nebvv sXpIpfnmsX kXyambpw \njv]ambpw {]hnm Ioj XnI Pm{KX ]peWw. A gn a Xn bpw {I a t Sp I fpw A c p XIp Cs kmaqlykmlNcyfnepw]cnipnbpsS Hcp XpcpmbmWvtIcfob kaq lw ]n. F kv. kn sb Im Wp Xv. Cu a l \ob X bv v H cp t]m d ep t]m ep ta m sX kw cnpIbpw insSppIbpamWv Ghpw{] [m \ I S a. F n am {X ta ` c W L S \mkwcWn\pw ]Zhnbvpsamw AapmIp.


kv s] j y dqkv s] j y dqkv s] j y dqkv s] j y dqkv s] j y dqkpw A S \ S ]kpw A S \ S ]kpw A S \ S ]kpw A S \ S ]kpw A S \ S ]Sn I fpw a pw kw _Sn I fpw a pw kw _Sn I fpw a pw kw _Sn I fpw a pw kw _Sn I fpw a pw kw _n D ] tZ i n D ] tZ i n D ] tZ i n D ] tZ i n D ] tZ i Ir X y k a b v XIr X y k a b v XIr X y k a b v XIr X y k a b v XIr X y k a b v Xs \ ev Ip Xps \ ev Ip Xps \ ev Ip Xps \ ev Ip Xps \ ev Ip XpssS ISaIsfmwssS ISaIsfmwssS ISaIsfmwssS ISaIsfmwssS ISaIsfmw^ e {] Z ambn \n ^ e{] Zam bn \n^ e {] Z ambn \n ^ e{] Zam bn \n^ e {] Z am bn \n ln p hm I gn bln p hm I gn bln p hm I gn bln p hm I gn bln p hm I gn bWw. A s\am{XWw. As\am{XWw. A s\am{XWw. As\am{XWw. A s\am{Xta, ]n .F kv. kn. bpta, ]n .F kv. kn. bpta, ]n .F kv. kn. bpta, ]n .F kv. kn. bpta, ]n .F kv. kn. bpsS {]knbpw {]msS {]knbpw {]msS {]knbpw {]msS {]knbpw {]msS {]knbpw {]m[m \ y hpw kw c n[m \ y hpw kw c n[m \ y hpw kw c n[m \ y hpw kw c n[m \ y hpw kw c n s Sp I bp p. s Sp I bp p. s Sp I bp p. s Sp I bp p. s Sp I bp p.


Wv. AXnssbmpw hniZamb hmZapJfntev Cu sN dn b Ip dn n I S p n . tPmen`m c n s h \ \p k cn v ]n. F kv. knbn se {] h \ ku I c y h n n p IFXmWv {][m\ Imcyw.

\ p sS kn hn k o kn s Im c y a Xtb bpw A Xp h gn kw m \ n s km nI km aq ln I hn I k \ t bpw t\ cn p _m [np Cu {]iv\w DchmZnXztmsS Gs

Sp m ]n. F kv. kn bpw K h sapw X m dmI Ww. km n I _m y X bpw a pw Nq nm n X S kr jv Sn m {i an p h]n. F kv. kn. Zp e s S W sa v B {K ln p h cm Wv. ]n hm Xn \n b a \w, Xm ev m enI \n b a \w, {I a c ln X s{]m tam j \p I Xp Sn b A hn ln X \ S ] Sn I \n _m [w \ S W sa n ]n. F kv.kn bp sS {] h \ a o hn n W sa v A h dn bmw. hn X WvUhmZsf XnfpsImv CmintbmsS Xocpam\sfSpphm Khsan\pIgnb Ww. K hsans\ CXns A \nhmcyX t_m y s Spm ]n. F kv.kn pw I gn b

Ww. ]n. F kv. kn. bp sS {] h \ ti jn CtXns Ccnsbnepamn amphm\p[o c am b \ S ] Sn I fn eq sS am {X ta dn {Iq v sanse A hy amb Im eXm a ksa Kpcp X cam b {] iv \ n \v ] cn lm cw Im Wm I gn bq.A Xp h gn kw m \ n \p t\ Sm I gn bp hn I k \ t\ p ap n sN e h gn m hp Xp I bp sS h ep w F {X \n m c am bn cnpsavv _sh a\nemWw.

k a {Kam b H cp hn ]p eo I c W ] Xn X mdm n K h san \pw B kq {X I pw P \ {]Xn \n [n I pw \ ev In sm v k a b _ n Xam bn \ S m p Xn \p {] h \ ]n.F kv. kn. kw L Sn n Ww. D tZym K ta [m

hn I fp sS Z bm Zm n W y Xz n s am {Xw A Snm\n cW\S]SnI \onsmncnp C s km l N c y n ] Xn Hu ]NmcnIambn Khsan\p kannpImncpm am{Xw t]mcm, kaqlnsbmsI {ibnsmp hpsImv Hcp s]mXp Bhiyambn CXns\ amnsbSpm IgnbWw. ImeXmakns ImcWfpw AXv Ahkm\nn p Xn \p ]n. F kv. kn. \ S p ] cn {i a fpw _ lp P \ sf bm sI t_m y s Sp Ww. A s\ am {X ta im i z X am b {] iv \] cnlm cw km y am Iq. hn ]p eo I c W ] Xn \ Smbngnm, \nba\m[nImcnIfpsS A`y

\ e`np F{XamkIw \nbanstS h cp sS ] n I \ ev Im I gn bp sa v apIq n {] J ym ]n Ww. A Xp Ir X y am bn ]m enpXn\p Fm kwhn[m\fpw ]n.Fkv.kn.bn D m I Ww. kv s] j y dq kpw A S \ S ] Sn I fpw a pw kw _ n D ] tZ i Ir X y k a b v X s \ ev Ip Xp ssS ISaIsfmw e{]Zambn \nlnphmIgnbWw. As\am{Xta, ]n.Fkv.kn.bpsS{] k n bpw {]m [m \ y hpw kw c n s Sp Ibpp.

\psS cmPyns cWhyhbpsSbmsI \n bm a I L S I am Wv C y c W L S \.

`cWLS\mXXztfbpw hyhItfbpw AwKoIcntXpw BZcntXpw `cWt\XrXznsbpw DtZymKhrntbpw ISabm Wv. ` c W L S \m m ] \ sf Aw Ko I cntXpw AhcpsS D]tZi\ntip {]m[m \yw \ ev tI Xpw C Xn s `m K am Wv. Fm C Xn \n s mw hy Xn N en p \n e]mSpIfmWv ]etmgpapmIpXv. CeIo jt\bpw kn.F.Pn. tb bpw t]mse `cW

L S \ t\ cn p kr jv Sn n p H cp m ] \ sa \nebn Khsans DssSbp kzm[o\p \nb{WpaXoXambn kzX{ am bn {]hnt c W L S \m m] \ am Wv ]n .F kv.kn. ]nIv kokv Iojs sNehpIv \nbak`bpsS thmpt]mepw B h i y an s p ` c W L S \ hy h sNp p. I o j sN b am t\ bpw Aw K sfbpw \n b an p K h p t]m epw A h sc\ow sN m A [n Im c an . kn nw Kv kp{]owtImSXn PUvPnbpsS At\zjWnsbpwNo v P n kn s ip ]m i bp tS bpw A Sn m\ n C y {] kn Un \p am {X ta sN b

am t\ tbm Aw K t tbm \o w sN m I gnbq. dn b san \p ti jw t]m epw tI { kwm \ Kh sap I fpsS Io gn H cp D tZ ymKhpw Ah kzoIcnm ]mSnspw tkh\thX\ hyhIfnsempw Ahv tZmjIc am b co Xn bn am w h cp cp sX pw ` c WL S \bn hy h sN bv Xn p v. kz X { ]Zhn DbnnSnphm Io j\p kmy amIp hm th n bm Wv Cu ] cn c I fpw ] Z hnbpw \evInbnpXv. Ccnep Hcp m] \ n s kp K a am b {] h \ n \v B hi y am b km l N c y H cp n sm Sp t _my X K hsan\pv.

A tX k a bw Xn I D c hm Z n X z t_m[tmsSbpw kmaqlnI{]Xn_tbmsSbpwkz w I S a I \n ln t _m [ y X Io j \p ap v. kn hn k o kn s Im c y aXhnnm\pw Khsans {]h\sf kmlbnm\pw ]n.Fkv.kn. {]Xnm_am Wv. ` c W L S \ tbm Spw A Xp h gn P \ tfm Spw ]n. F kv. kn. p t\ cn v D c hm ZnXz ap v. I oj s A [n Im c] cn[n bn hcp Im cy fn K h san s sX m b Xo cpam\fpw \ntifpapmbm AhbvsXn sc i am b \n e ]m sS Sp m I o j \pIgnbWw. cmjv{Sobw DssSbp ImcyC Xn \p X S k am Im ]m Sn . h f sc sk kn

o hv B b H cp ta J e bn {] h n p cWLS\m m]\sa \nebvv sXpIpfnmsX kXyambpw \njv]ambpw {]hnm Ioj XnI Pm{KX ]peWw. A gn a Xn bpw {I a t Sp I fpw A c p XIp Cs kmaqlykmlNcyfnepw]cnipnbpsS Hcp XpcpmbmWv tIcfob kaq lw ]n. F kv. kn sb Im Wp Xv. Cu a l \ob X bv v H cp t]m d ep t]m ep ta m sX kw cnpIbpw insSppIbpamWv Ghpw{] [m \ I S a. F n am {X ta ` c W L S \mkwcWn\pw ]Zhnbvpsamw AapmIp.


kv s] j y dqkv s] j y dqkv s] j y dqkv s] j y dqkv s] j y dqkpw A S \ S ]kpw A S \ S ]kpw A S \ S ]kpw A S \ S ]kpw A S \ S ]Sn I fpw a pw kw _Sn I fpw a pw kw _Sn I fpw a pw kw _Sn I fpw a pw kw _Sn I fpw a pw kw _n D ] tZ i n D ] tZ i n D ] tZ i n D ] tZ i n D ] tZ i Ir X y k a b v XIr X y k a b v XIr X y k a b v XIr X y k a b v XIr X y k a b v Xs \ ev Ip Xps \ ev Ip Xps \ ev Ip Xps \ ev Ip Xps \ ev Ip XpssS ISaIsfmwssS ISaIsfmwssS ISaIsfmwssS ISaIsfmwssS ISaIsfmw^ e {] Z am bn \n ^ e {]Z am bn \n ^ e {] Z am bn \n ^ e {]Z am bn \n ^ e {] Z am bn \n ln p hm I gn bln p hm I gn bln p hm I gn bln p hm I gn bln p hm I gn bWw. A s\am{XWw. A s\am{XWw. A s\am{XWw. A s\am{XWw. A s\am{Xta, ]n .F kv. kn. bpta, ]n .F kv. kn. bpta, ]n .F kv. kn. bpta, ]n .F kv. kn. bpta, ]n .F kv. kn. bpsS {]knbpw {]msS {]knbpw {]msS {]knbpw {]msS {]knbpw {]msS {]knbpw {]m[m \ y hpw kw c n[m \ y hpw kw c n[m \ y hpw kw c n[m \ y hpw kw c n[m \ y hpw kw c n s Sp I bp p. s Sp I bp p. s Sp I bp p. s Sp I bp p. s Sp I bp p.


25/244


eeeee

knhn kokv kwhn[m\nsamXrt]SIn\cnsI

bp.kptcjv Ipamsa

tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

\nse ]nIv AUvan \n kvt{S jC\mjW (PAI-Public Administra-tion International) F m]\w

Fmhjhpw \hw_ amknemWv]nIvkokvIoj\pImbp ]cnioe\ ]cn]mSnI kwLSnnmdpXv. 2009 apX Cu]cn]mSnbntev tIcf ]nIv kokv Io

j AwKsf {]Xn\n[nIfmbn Abmdpv.2012 \S ]cn]mSnbn Cu teJI\pw klAwKamb {ioaXn sI.sI.caWnbpw BWv]sSpXv. hnhn[ `qJ WvUfnembn ]SpInSp ]nIv kokv Ioj \pIfpsS{]h \ t\mn m Wp hm \p HcpPme I am bn cpp Cu ]cn ]m Sn. hnhn[tImashvcmPy GXp coXnbnemWvXfpsS knhn kokv kwhn[m\w sInSpncnpXv Fp a\nemphm Cu]cn]mSn hfsc Gsd klmbnp. 2012 \hw_ 12 \mbncpp ]cn]mSn Bcw`nXv. CXns`mKambn bp.sI. knhn kokv Io j,

]me sa v Hmô kv, Inn Hm^v mtUUvkv Hmôkv Fnh kinphm\pw]nIv AUvan \n kvt{S j skeIvSv InA y \pw ]me sa v AwK hp ambs_WmUvsPIn DssSbp apXnDtZymKmcpambn IqSnbmtemN\I \Sphm\pw km[np. ]nIv kokv Ioj \pIv amXrIbmbn {_n Wn cq]w sImBibfpsS Ncn{X]camb hnImk{]{InbIsfpdnv IqSpX DmgvNbpmphm\pwknhn kokvIoj\pIfnepmhp ]cnjvIm c sf p dn p [mc W I ]p h

bvphm\pambncpp ]cn]mSn eyanncpXv.AtXmsSmw hnhn[ cmPyfn \npw hcpIoj AwKvBibhn\nabw \Sphm\pw XfpsS {]h\sfpdnphnhc ]phbvphm\pw Ahkcw e`yambncpp.

knhn kokv F kwhn[m\nshfbpsS IYI Cu \mfpIfn khnkvXcwN Ip hnt[ b am bn cp p. knhnkokv kw_np ASnm\ k cq]sXv 1854 se t\mvtImv s{Shmen (Northcote-Trevalyn Report)dntmn\p

tij ambncpp. knhn kokv Gsd aeoakambnsmncp Hcp ]menembncpp Ccsamcp Inn Cu hnjbw ]TnpXpw, ]cnjvImc \ntinpXpw. {][m\ ambpw Cu In nv \mep \nt i fmbncpp \Iphm\pmbncpXv.

1. \nba\ ]qambpw tbmKyXbpsS

ASnm\n Xpd actfmsS BbncnWw.2. Ccn hcph \ s]mXphnZym

`ymkw t\SnbhcmbncnWw. Ahsc GIoIrXknhn ko kntembncnWw Hcp hIpntembncncpXv \nbanpXv.

3. \nbansSphsc t{KUpIfpsS ASnm\n {IaambnthWw ImWm.

4. DtZymKbw Ignhns ASnm\nemhWw. Ah hmphmt\m ]cnK W \IfpsSASnm\n \Iphmt\m ]mSn.

knhn kokv DtZymK m kmcns\ s]mXphmbn IpsIm adnv X

fpsS a{nampthnbmbncpp {]hnncpXv Fv dntm v ]cmainp. \nba\fnse c m IXr X zhpw (Patronage) kzP\]]mXhpw (Nepotism)BWv Cu Ahbvp apJy ImcW Fpw dntm vA`n{]mb sp. \nnXtbmKyXbp Fmhpw At] nphm Ignbp coXnbnBhWw sXcsSpp k{Zmbw Fv Cudntmp \nt in p p. Hmtcm XkvXnIbvpw thp tbmKyXIfpw, {]hrn ]cnNbhpw \ntinmhpXmsWpw CXvkw_nv Ahiyw th ]ckyhpw, {]NcWhpw

\IWsapw Xpd acfmhWw GsSptXv Fpw Cu dntmv \ntinpp. knhn kokv kwhn[m\ns ASnm\ \nb a ASp Cu dntmns\XpSmWv 1855 {_n Wn knhnkokv Ioj cq]oIcnsXv. GXmvCXn\p sXmpapmbncpp. bp.F kv.F. bn`cnphv Ahvthp DtZymKmsc \nb an m Fp {]J ym ]n pkvt]mbnkv kwhn[m\w (Spoils System)\SmnbXv Fpw HmtXpv. 18291837Ime f b hn bp. F kv. F. bpsS Fm as


]nIv kokv]nIv kokv]nIv kokv]nIv kokv]nIv kokvIo j \p IvIo j \p IvIo j \p IvIo j \p IvIo j \p IvamXr I bmbn {_namXr I bmbn {_namXr I bmbn {_namXr I bmbn {_namXr I bmbn {_n

Wn cq]w sImWn cq]w sImWn cq]w sImWn cq]w sImWn cq]w sImBi b fpsS NcnBi b fpsS NcnBi b fpsS NcnBi b fpsS NcnBi b fpsS Ncn{X ] c amb hnIm k{X ] c amb hnIm k{X ] c amb hnIm k{X ] c amb hnIm k{X ] c amb hnIm k{] {In b I sf p dnv{] {In b I sf p dnv{] {In b I sf p dnv{] {In b I sf p dnv{] {In b I sf p dnvIqSp X Dm gvNIqSp X Dm gvNIqSp X Dm gvNIqSp X Dm gvNIqSp X Dm gvNbp m p hm\pwbp m p hm\pwbp m p hm\pwbp m p hm\pwbp m p hm\pwknhn kokvknhn kokvknhn kokvknhn kokvknhn kokvIo j \p I fn epIo j \p I fn epIo j \p I fn epIo j \p I fn epIo j \p I fn epm hp ]cn jvImm hp ]cn jvImm hp ]cn jvImm hp ]cn jvImm hp ]cn jvImc sf p dn pc sf p dn pc sf p dn pc sf p dn pc sf p dn p[mc W I ]p h[mc W I ]p h[mc W I ]p h[mc W I ]p h[mc W I ]p hb vphm\ pa mb nb vphm\pamb nb v phm\ pa mb nb vphm\pamb nb v phm\ pa mb ncpp ]cn ]mSn ecpp ]cn ]mSn ecpp ]cn ]mSn ecpp ]cn ]mSn ecpp ]cn ]mSn eyanncpXv.yanncpXv.yanncpXv.yanncpXv.yanncpXv.


eeeee

knhn kokv kwhn[m\nsamXrt]SIn\cnsI

bp.kptcjv Ipamsa

tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

\nse ]nIv AUvan \n kvt{S jC\mj W (PAI-Public Administra-tion International) F m]\w

Fmhjhpw \hw_ amknemWv ]nIvkokvIoj\pImbp ]cnioe\ ]cn]mSnI kwLSnnmdpXv. 2009 apX Cu]cn]mSnbntev tIcf ]nIv kokv Io

j AwKsf {]Xn\n[nIfmbn Abmdpv.2012 \S ]cn]mSnbn Cu teJI\pw klAwKamb {ioaXn sI.sI.caWnbpw BWv]sSpXv. hnhn[ `qJWvU fnembn ]SpInSp ]nIv kokv Io j\pIfpsS{]h \ t\mn m Wp hm \p HcpPme I am bn cpp Cu ]cn ]m Sn. hnhn[tImashv cmPy GXp coXnbnemWvX fpsS knhn kokv kwhn[m\w sInSpncnpXv Fp a\nemphm Cu]cn]mSn hfsc Gsd klmbnp. 2012 \hw_ 12 \mbncpp ]cn]mSn Bcw`nXv. CXns`mK ambn bp.sI. knhn kokv Io j,

]me sa v Hmô kv, Inn Hm^v mtUUvkv Hmôkv Fnh kinphm\pw]nIv AUvan \n kvt{S j skeIvSv InA y \pw ]me sa v AwK hp ambs_WmUvsPIn DssSbp apXnDtZymKmcpambn IqSnbmtemN\I \Sphm\pw km[np. ]nIv kokv Io j\pIv amXrIbmbn {_n Wn cq]w sImBibfpsS Ncn{X]camb hnImk{]{InbIsfpdnvIqSpX DmgvNbpmphm\pwknhn kokvIoj\pIfnepmhp ]cnjvIm c sf p dn p [mc W I ]p h

bvphm\pambncpp ]cn]mSn eyanncpXv.AtXmsSmw hnhn[ cmPyfn \npw hcpIoj AwKvBibhn\nabw \Sphm\pw X fpsS {]h\ sfpdnphnhc ]phbvphm\pw Ahkcw e`yambncpp.

knhn kokv F kwhn[m\nshfbpsS IYI Cu \mfpIfn khnkvXcwN Ip hnt[ b am bn cp p. knhnkokv kw_np ASnm\ k cq]sXv 1854 se t\mvtImv s{Shmen (Northcote-Trevalyn Report)dntmn\p

tij ambncpp. knhn kokv Gsd aeoakambnsmncp Hcp ]menembncpp Ccsamcp Inn Cu hnjbw ]TnpXpw, ]cnjvImc \ntinpXpw. {][m\ ambpw Cu In nv \mep \nt i fmbncpp \Iphm\pmbncpXv.

1. \nba\ ]qambpw tbmKyXbpsS

ASnm\n Xpd actfmsS BbncnWw.2. Ccn hcph \ s]mXphnZym

`ymkw t\SnbhcmbncnWw. Ahsc GIoIrXknhn ko kntembncnWw Hcp hIpntembncncpXv \nbanpXv.

3. \nbansSphsc t{KUpIfpsS ASnm\n {IaambnthWw ImWm.

4. DtZymKbw Ignhns ASnm\nemhWw. Ah hmphmt\m ]cnKW \IfpsSASnm\n \Iphmt\m ]mSn.

knhn kokv DtZymKm kmcns\ s]mXphmbn IpsIm adnv X

fpsS a{nampthnbmbncpp {]hnncpXvFv dntm v ]cmainp. \nba\fnse c m IXr X zhpw (Patronage) kzP\]]mXhpw (Nepotism)BWv Cu Ahbvp apJy ImcW Fpw dntm vA`n{]mb sp. \nnXtbmK y Xbp Fmhpw At] nphm Ignbp coXnbnBhWw sXcs Spp k{ Zmbw Fv Cudntmp \nt in p p. Hmtcm XkvXnIbvpw thp tbmKyXIfpw, {]hrn ]cnNbhpw \ntinmhpXmsWpw CXvkw_nv Ahiyw th ]ckyhpw, {]NcWhpw

\IWsapw Xpd acfmhWw GsSptXv Fpw Cu dntmv \ntinpp. knhn kokv kwhn[m\ns ASnm\ \nba ASp Cu dntmns\XpSmWv 1855 {_n Wn knhnkokvIoj cq]oIcnsXv . GXmvCXn\p sXmpapmbncpp. bp.Fkv.F. bn`cnphvAhv thp DtZymKmsc \nb an m Fp {]J ym ]n pkvt]mbnkv kwhn[m\w (Spoils System) \SmnbXv Fpw HmtXpv. 18291837Ime f b hn bp. F kv. F. bpsS Fm as


]nIv kokv]nIv kokv]nIv kokv]nIv kokv]nIv kokvIo j \p IvIo j \p IvIo j \p IvIo j \p IvIo j \p IvamXr I bmbn {_namXr I bmbn {_namXr I bmbn {_namXr I bmbn {_namXr I bmbn {_n

Wn cq]w sImWn cq]w sImWn cq]w sImWn cq]w sImWn cq]w sImBi b fpsS NcnBi b fpsS NcnBi b fpsS NcnBi b fpsS NcnBi b fpsS Ncn{X ] c amb hnIm k{X ] c amb hnIm k{X ] c amb hnIm k{X ] c amb hnIm k{X ] c amb hnIm k{] {In b I sf p dnv{] {In b I sf p dnv{] {In b I sf p dnv{] {In b I sf p dnv{] {In b I sf p dnvIqSp X Dm gvNIqSp X Dm gvNIqSp X Dm gvNIqSp X Dm gvNIqSp X Dm gvNbp m p hm\pwbp m p hm\pwbp m p hm\pwbp m p hm\pwbp m p hm\pwknhn kokvknhn kokvknhn kokvknhn kokvknhn kokvIo j \p I fn epIo j \p I fn epIo j \p I fn epIo j \p I fn epIo j \p I fn epm hp ]cn jvImm hp ]cn jvImm hp ]cn jvImm hp ]cn jvImm hp ]cn jvImc sf p dn pc sf p dn pc sf p dn pc sf p dn pc sf p dn p[mc W I ]p h[mc W I ]p h[mc W I ]p h[mc W I ]p h[mc W I ]p hb vphm\pamb nb v phm\ pa mb nb vphm\pamb nb v phm\ pa mb nb v phm\ pa mb ncpp ]cn ]mSn ecpp ]cn ]mSn ecpp ]cn ]mSn ecpp ]cn ]mSn ecpp ]cn ]mSn eyanncpXv.yanncpXv.yanncpXv.yanncpXv.yanncpXv.


26/244


{]kn Umbn sXc s Sp s B{UpPmIvk (Andrew Jackson)Bbncpp. Cukwhn[m\w hym] Iambn \SmnbXv. hnPbn p XmWv sIm ap X (to the victor gothe spoils) F Xmbncpp Cu XXznsASnm\w.

{_nojv `cW n em bn cp C y bntemUveobpsS AyXbn DX knhn

kokns\pdnp ]Tnm cq]oIcnstdmb Io j 1924 kan dntmvip]mi b \pkcnmWv 1926 HIvtSm_ 1 \vBZys ]nIv kokv Ioj cq]oIcnXv. 1935 se Kh sa v Hm^v Cy BIvSns\pSv CXv sÛd ]nIv kokvIo j \mbn amdn. Cs coXn bnep{]h\ kzmX{ysampw BZyImeve yam bn cp n . ae bmfn satm dn b, Cughsatmdnb, \nh\ {]tm`Ww FnhbpsS IqSn eambn GXmv CtX Imeb fhnemWv XncphnXmwIqdn 1936 Hcp ]nIvkokv Io jWsd \nb an p Xv. 1929 Xs a{Zmkn ]nIvkokv Ioj cq]oIcn n cp Xp sImv ae _m dnse knhnkokv \nba\ AXns Iognembngnncpp. CtX Imebfhn 1936 sk]vw_dn sImn bn m^vsk e t_mUvF Hcp kzX{ m]\hpw cq]oIcnsp.1947 sImn \nb ak` ]mkmnb Hcp \nba n s ASn m \ n t_mUnsm\v sImn ]nIv kokv Ioj

teJ I\pw (hev \nv cmaXv) tIcf ]n. Fkv. kn. AwKw {ioaXn sI sI caWnbpw(CSv \nv aqmaXv) tImashv cmPyfnse ]nIv kokv Ioj AwKtfmsSmw

\nehn hp. 1949 XncphnXmwIqsImnkwtbmP\sXpSv XncphnXmwIqsImn]nIv kokv Io j \nehn hp.

Npcpn kzP\] ]mXw, AgnaXn,cmjv{Sob kzm[o\w, ssIqen XpSnb kmaqly XnIsf Hcp ]cn[nhsc HgnhmnsmvImcy ahpw, \njv] hpamb Hcp knhnkokvIoj Dmphm klmbnpI

F XmWv GXp ]nIv kokv Io jsbpw DchmZnXzw Fp ImWphm Ignbpw. Fm e\n hv hnhn[ cmPyfnse Ioj AwKfpambpw, Cu kwhn[m\fpsS amXrt]SIwFp hntijnnmhp bp.sI. knhn koknseA[nImcnIfpambpw Dmb ]mckv]cyfn \npwa\ n em p hm km[n Xv Cu kwhn [m \ns LS\bnXs cq] ] camb am kw`hnpsImncnpp F XmWv. tIcfn \npw e\nsenb R Cmcynep RfpsS BiI AhnsS tcJsSpIbpw sNbvXp.

Cw n bp.sI. knhn kokv Ioj Cvhenb amp hnt[bambnsmncnpp FXp t\cnp a\nemphmCu ]cn]mSn Rsf klmbnp. knhnkokv {]amWfpsS ASnm\sav IcpXs Sp 1854 se t\mvtImv s{Sheym\nt i ]men s Spp Fp ]d bptmgpw ]e knhn kokv \nb a\fpwCp km XenemWv \SpXv F


{_n o jv c W n{_n o jv c W n{_n o jv c W n{_n o jv c W n{_n o jv c W nem bn cp C yem bn cp C yem bn cp C yem bn cp C yem bn cp C ybn tem Uv eo bpbn tem Uv eo bpbn tem Uv eo bpbn tem Uv eo bpbn temUv eo bpsS A y X bnsS A y X bnsS A y X bnsS A y X bnsS A y X bnD X kn hn kD X kn hn kD X kn hn kD X kn hn kD X kn hn k

o kn s\ p dn po kn s\ p dn po kn s\ p dn po kn s\ p dn po kn s\ p dn p]Tn m cq ]o I cn]Tn m cq ]o I cn]Tn m cq ]o I cn]Tn m cq ]o I cn]Tn m cq ]o I cn s tdm b I s tdm b I s tdm b I s tdm b I s tdm b Io j 1924 ko j 1924 ko j 1924 ko j 1924 ko j 1924 kan dntmv ipan dntmv ipan dntmv ipan dntmv ipan dntmv ip]m i b \p k cn m]m i b \p k cn m]m i b \p k cn m]m i b \p k cn m]m i b \p k cn mWv 1926 H Iv tSm _Wv 1926 H Iv tSm _Wv 1926 H Iv tSm _Wv 1926 H Iv tSm _Wv 1926 H Iv tSm _1 \v BZys ]n1 \v BZys ]n1 \v BZys ]n1 \v BZys ]n1 \v BZys ]nIv k o kv I oIv k o kv I oIv k o kv I oIv k o kv I oIv k o kv I oj cq ]o I cn Xv.j cq ]o I cn Xv.j cq ]o I cn Xv.j cq ]o I cn Xv.j cq ]o I cn Xv.


{]kn Umbn sXc s Sp s B{UpPmIvk (Andrew Jackson)Bbncpp. Cukwhn[m\w hym]Iambn \Smnb Xv. hnPbn pXmWv sIm ap X (to the victor gothe spoils) F Xmbncpp Cu XXznsASnm\w.

{_nojv `cW n em bn cp C y bntemUveobpsS AyXbn DX knhn

kokns\pdnp ]Tnm cq]oIcnstdmb Ioj 1924 kan dntmvip]mi b \pkcnmWv 1926 HIvtSm_ 1 \vBZys ]nIv kokv Ioj cq]oIcnXv. 1935 se Khsa v Hm^v Cy BIvSns\pSv CXv sÛd ]nIv kokvIo j \mbn amdn. Cs coXn bnep{]h\ kzmX{ysampw BZyImeve`yam bn cp n . ae bmfn satm dn b, Cughsatmdnb, \nh\ {]tm`Ww FnhbpsS IqSn êambn GXmv CtX Imeb fhnemWv XncphnXmwIqdn 1936 Hcp ]nIvkokv Ioj Wsd \nban pXv. 1929 Xs a{Zmkn ]nIvkokv Ioj cq]oIcn n cp Xp sImv ae _m dnse knhnkokv \nba\ AXns Iognembngnncpp. CtX Imebfhn 1936 sk]vw_dn sImn bn m^vsk e t_mUvF Hcp kzX{ m]\hpw cq]oIcnsp.1947 sImn \nbak` ]mkmnb Hcp \nba n s ASn m \ n t_mUnsm\v sImn ]nIv kokv Io j

teJ I\pw (hev \nv cmaXv) tIcf ]n. Fkv. kn. AwKw {ioaXn sI sI caWnbpw(CSv \nv aqmaXv) tImashv cmPyfnse ]nIv kokv Ioj AwKtfmsSmw

\nehn hp. 1949 XncphnXmwIqsImnkwtbmP\sXpSvXncphnXmwIqsImn]nIv kokv Ioj \nehn hp.

Npcpn kzP\] ]mXw, AgnaXn,cmjv{Sob kzm[o\w, ssIqen XpSnb kmaqly XnIsf Hcp ]cn[nhsc HgnhmnsmvImcy ahpw, \njv] hpamb Hcp knhnkokvIoj Dmphm klmbnpI

F XmWv GXp ]nIv kokv Io jsbpw DchmZnXzw Fp ImWphm Ignbpw. Fm e\n hv hnhn[ cmPyfnse Ioj AwKfpambpw, Cu kwhn[m\fpsS amXrt]SIwFp hntijnnmhp bp.sI. knhn ko knseA[nImcnIfpambpw Dmb ]mckv]cyfn \npwa\ n em p hm km[n Xv Cu kwhn [m \ns LS\bnXs cq] ]camb am kw`hnpsImncnpp F XmWv. tIcfn \npw e\nsenb R Cmcynep RfpsS BiI AhnsS tcJsSpIbpw sNbvXp.

Cwn bp.sI. knhn kokv Ioj Cvhenb amp hnt[bambnsmncnpp FXp t\cnp a\nemphmCu ]cn]mSn Rsf klmbnp. knhnkokv{]amWfpsS ASnm\sav IcpXs Sp 1854 se t\mvtImv s{Sheym\nt i ]men s Spp Fp ]d bptmgpw ]e knhn kokv \nb a\fpwCp km XenemWv \SpXv F


{_n o jv c W n{_n o jv ` c W n{_n o jv c W n{_n o jv ` c W n{_n o jv c W nem bn cp C yem bn cp C yem bn cp C yem bn cp C yem bn cp C ybn tem Uv eo bpbn tem Uv eo bpbn tem Uv eo bpbn tem Uv eo bpbn tem Uv eo bpsS A y X bnsS A y X bnsS A y X bnsS A y X bnsS A y X bnD X kn hn kD X kn hn kD X kn hn kD X kn hn kD X kn hn k

o kn s\ p dn po kn s\ p dn po kn s\ p dn po kn s\ p dn po kn s\ p dn p]Tn m cq ]o I cn]Tn m cq ]o I cn]Tn m cq ]o I cn]Tn m cq ]o I cn]Tn m cq ]o I cn s tdm b I s tdm b I s tdm b I s tdm b I s tdm b Io j 1924 ko j 1924 ko j 1924 ko j 1924 ko j 1924 kan dntmv ipan dntmv ipan dntmv ipan dntmv ipan dntmv ip]m i b \p k cn m]m i b \p k cn m]m i b \p k cn m]m i b \p k cn m]m i b \p k cn mWv 1926 H Iv tSm _Wv 1926 H Iv tSm _Wv 1926 H Iv tSm _Wv 1926 H Iv tSm _Wv 1926 H Iv tSm _1 \v BZys ]n1 \v BZys ]n1 \v BZys ]n1 \v BZys ]n1 \v BZys ]nIv k o kv I oIv k o kv I oIv k o kv I oIv k o kv I oIv k o kv I oj cq ]o I cn Xv.j cq ]o I cn Xv.j cq ]o I cn Xv.j cq ]o I cn Xv.j cq ]o I cn Xv.


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h k Xn p p. sXc s Sp s Sp hp s]mXpam\ZWvU \nbntXv Iojs DchmZnXzn XsbmWvFp ]dbptmgpw Ah a{namcpsS AwKoImcn\v hnt[b amtXpspw AhkXnpp. knhn kokv ]cnjvIcWn\mbn 2010 {_nojv Khsap \Smnb \nbawConstitutional Reforms and Gov-ernance Act 2010se Nne \nti ChnsStcJs SppXp \mbncnpw Fp Icp

Xpp.Section 11 Recruitment Principles.

11 (i)The Commission must publish a set

of principles to be applied for the purposes of

the requirements in Section 10 (2)

11 ( ii) Before publishing the set of

principles (Or any revision of it) the Commis-

sion must consult the Minister for the Civil

Service.

bp.sI. knhn kokv Ioj \nba\w \Ip tdmfn \npw \nb{Is tdmfn tep amdn sm n cn pIbm Wv (From

Recruiter to Regulator). CXns IqSn mKambnmWvCtm s]mXpcwKp {]hIpthp tbmK y X I \nbn phm \p{ia \SpXv (Committee on Standardin Public Life) CXp hgn s]mXpP\hni zmkwknhn ko kn epmn sb Sp m \mhpwFh hnizknpp. {]kvXpX InbpsSAy \mb {In sIn bp ambn Cu

hnjbw t\cnp N sNphm\pw Ahkcwe`npIbpmbn. Nbn Cy bn \Smn hcp tkh\mhImi \nbaspdnv(Right to Service)Rm ]cmainp. ]ecpwApXtmsSbmWvCXv tIXv .

Fm {]Xn \n [n Ifpw X fpsS \mnseIojs Hcp kwn]vX {]h\ Nn{XwAhXcnnp sImp kwkmcnpIbpmbn.tIcf ]n. Fkv.kn bpsS {]h\ fnsekpXmcyXbpw, kmtXnI hnZybpsS D]tbmKhpw, ssIIm cyw sNp At] I fpsS_mlp e yhpw R hnh cn p. tate n S

bnse XkvXnII am{Xa DtZymKt{iWnbnseGhpw XmsgnSbnse Poh\msc hsc sXcs SppXv tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj\mWv Fp R Adnbnp. tIcfnhv Cu {]h\ ImWWw Fp ]eAwKfpw B{Klw {]ISnnp. AXns mKambnmbncpp Cu ASp \mfpIfn audojyknse ]nIv kokvIoj sNbam\mb {io inh \ Zmkv i(Shivunundundass Sungker)sk{IdnbpsamvXncph\]pcw kinXv.

tIcf ]n. F kv. kn bn Ctm GhpwIqSpX At] Icmbn hcpXv h\nXIfm

sWp R ]dp. (bqWnt^mw t^mgvkvHgnsI) {Sn\nUmUv sSm_mtKm F Ico_nb cmPy p\npw 4 {]Xn\n[nIfn aqpt]cpw h\nXIfmbncpp. CtX A\p]mXwXs bmWv X fpsS knhn ko knepwFh ]dp. ]pcpjm Gsdbpw aZy]mcpw Aekamcpsamsbmbn amdnsmncnpp Fh ]dp. temIamsI ]pXnbXcw amXrIII Dmhpp Fv XncndnbpIbmbncpp R.

{_nojv ]mc c y n cq ]w sImvhfp h knhn kokv Cp temI

amsI ampw, Bfl]cntim[\Ipwhnt[bambn hcnIbmWv. hfsc iamb Hcp]nIv kokv Io j kwhn[m\w \ne\nppsnepw amdp Imens\mvknhn kokv ]cn jvI cn p hm \mwth{X Pm{KX {]ISnnpptm Fsmcpkwibw Rpmbn. Fm cWLS\bpsS `mKambn cq]o Icns Cybnse]nIvkokv Ioj incpbnXs\npp Fv Xncn dn p sIm mWvAXn\v XpSw Ipdn an \nv RaSnbXv.


{_n o jv ]m c c y{_n o jv ]m c c y{_n o jv ]m c c y{_n o jv ]m c c y{_n o jv ]m c c yn cq]w sImvn cq ]w sIm vn cq]w sImvn cq ]w sIm vn cq ]w sIm vh f p h knh f p h knh f p h knh f p h knh f p h knhn k o kv Chn k o kv Chn k o kv Chn k o kv Chn k o kv Cp tem I am sI amp tem I am sI amp tem I am sI amp tem I am sI amp tem I am sI am

pw, B fl pw, B fl pw, B fl pw, B fl pw, B fl] cn tim [ \ I] cn tim [ \ I] cn tim [ \ I] cn tim [ \ I] cn tim [ \ Ipw hn t[ b am bnpw hn t[ b am bnpw hn t[ b am bnpw hn t[ b am bnpw hn t[ b am bnhcnIbmWv. hfschcnIbmWv. hfschcnIbmWv. hfschcnIbmWv. hfschcnIbmWv. hfsci am b H cp ]i am b H cp ]i am b H cp ]i am b H cp ]i am b H cp ]n Iv k o kv In Iv k o kv In Iv k o kv In Iv k o kv In Iv k o kv Io j kw hn [mo j kw hn [mo j kw hn [mo j kw hn [mo j kw hn [m\w \ne\npp\w \ne\npp\w \ne\npp\w \ne\npp\w \ne\npps n epw am dp s n epw am dp s n epw am dp s n epw am dp s n epw am dp Imens\mvknImens\mvknImens\mvknImens\mvknImens\mvknhn k o kv ] cnhn k o kv ] cnhn k o kv ] cnhn k o kv ] cnhn k o kv ] cnjvIcnphm \mwjvIcnphm \mwjvIcnphm \mwjvIcnphm \mwjvIcnphm \mwth{X Pm{KX {]th{X Pm{KX {]th{X Pm{KX {]th{X Pm{KX {]th{X Pm{KX {]

I Sn n p p tmI Sn n p p tmI Sn n p p tmI Sn n p p tmI Sn n p p tmF sm cp kw i bwF sm cp kw i bwF sm cp kw i bwF sm cp kw i bwF sm cp kw i bwR p m bn.R p m bn.R p m bn.R p m bn.R p m bn.


h k Xn p p. sXc s Sp s Sp hp s]mXpam\ZWvU \nbntXv Iojs DchmZnXzn XsbmWvFp ]dbptmgpw Ah a{namcpsS AwKoImcn\v hnt[bamtXpspw AhkXnpp. knhn kokv ]cnjvIcWn\mbn 2010 {_nojv Khsap \Smnb \nbawConstitutional Reforms and Gov-ernance Act 2010se Nne \nti ChnsStcJ s SppXp \mbncnpw Fp Icp

Xpp.Section 11 Recruitment Principles.

11 (i)The Commission must publish a set

of principles to be applied for the purposes of

the requirements in Section 10 (2)

11 (ii) Before publishing the set of

principles (Or any revision of it) the Commis-

sion must consult the Minister for the Civil

Service.

bp.sI. knhn kokv Io j \nba\w \Ip tdmfn \npw \nb{Is tdmfn tep amdn sm n cn pIbm Wv (From

Recruiter to Regulator). CXns IqSn mKambnmWvCtm s]mXpcwKp {]hIpthp tbmK y X I \nbn phm \p{ia \SpXv (Committee on Standardin Public Life) CXp hgn s]mXpP\hni zmkwknhn ko kn epmn sb Sp m \mhpwFh hnizknpp. {]kvXpX InbpsSAy \mb {In sIn bp ambn Cu

hnjbw t\cnp N sNphm\pw Ahkcwe`npIbpmbn. Nbn Cy bn \Smn hcp tkh\mhImi \nbaspdnv(Right to Service)Rm ]cmainp. ]ecpwApXtmsSbmWvCXv tIXv.

Fm {]Xn \n [n Ifpw X fpsS \mnseIo js Hcp kwn]vX {]h\ Nn{XwAhXcnnp sImp kwkmcnpIbpmbn.tIcf ]n. Fkv.kn bpsS {]h\ fnsekpXmcyXbpw, kmtXnI hnZybpsS D]tbmKhpw, ssIIm cyw sNp At] I fpsS_mlp e yhpw R hnh cn p. tate n S

bnse XkvXnII am{Xa DtZymKt{iWnbnseGhpw XmsgnSbnse Poh\msc hsc sXcs SppXv tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj\mWvFp R Adnbnp. tIcfnhv Cu {]h\ ImWWw Fp ]eAwKfpw B{Klw {]ISnnp. AXns mKambnmbncpp Cu ASp \mfpIfn audojyknse ]nIvkokv Ioj sNbam\mb {io inh \ Zmkv i(Shivunundundass Sungker)sk{IdnbpsamvXncph\]pcw kinXv.

tIcf ]n. F kv. kn bn Ctm GhpwIqSpX At] Icmbn hcpXv h\nXIfm

sWp R ]dp. (bqWnt^mw t^mgvkvHgnsI) {Sn\nUmUv sSm_mtKm F Ico _nb cmPy p\npw 4 {]Xn\n[nIfn aqpt]cpw h\nXIfmbncpp. CtX A\p]mXwXsbmWv X fpsS knhn koknepwFh ]dp. ]pcpjm Gsdbpw aZy]mcpw Aekamcpsamsbmbn amdnsmncnpp Fh ]dp. temIamsI ]pXnbXcw amXrIII Dmhpp Fv XncndnbpIbmbncpp R.

{_nojv ]mc c y n cq ]w sImvhfp h knhn kokv Cp temI

amsI ampw, Bfl]cntim[\Ipwhnt[bambn hcnIbmWv. hfsc iamb Hcp]nIv kokv Ioj kwhn[m\w \ne\nppsnepw amdp Imens\mvknhn kokv ]cn jvI cn p hm \mwth{X Pm{KX {]ISnnpptm Fsmcpkwibw Rpmbn. Fm cWLS\bpsS `mKambn cq]oIcns Cy bnse]nIvkokv Ioj incpbnXs\npp Fv Xncn dn p sIm mWvAXn\v XpSw Ipdn an \nv RaSnbXv.


{_n o jv ]m c c y{_n o jv ]m c c y{_n o jv ]m c c y{_n o jv ]m c c y{_n o jv ]m c c yn cq ]wsIm vn cq ]w sIm vn cq ]wsIm vn cq ]w sIm vn cq ]w sIm vh f p h knh f p h knh f p h knh f p h knh f p h knhn k o kv Chn k o kv Chn k o kv Chn k o kv Chn k o kv Cp tem I am sI amp tem I am sI amp tem I am sI amp tem I am sI amp tem I am sI am

pw, B fl pw, B fl pw, B fl pw, B fl pw, B fl] cn tim [ \ I] cn tim [ \ I] cn tim [ \ I] cn tim [ \ I] cn tim [ \ Ipw hn t[ b am bnpw hn t[ b am bnpw hn t[ b am bnpw hn t[ b am bnpw hn t[ b am bnhcnIbmWv. hfschcnIbmWv. hfschcnIbmWv. hfschcnIbmWv. hfschcnIbmWv. hfsci am b H cp ]i am b H cp ]i am b H cp ]i am b H cp ]i am b H cp ]n Iv k o kv In Iv k o kv In Iv k o kv In Iv k o kv In Iv k o kv Io j kw hn [mo j kw hn [mo j kw hn [mo j kw hn [mo j kw hn [m\w \ne\npp\w \ne\npp\w \ne\npp\w \ne\npp\w \ne\npps n epw am dp s n epw am dp s n epw am dp s n epw am dp s n epw am dp Imens\mvknImens\mvknImens\mvknImens\mvknImens\mvknhn k o kv ] cnhn k o kv ] cnhn k o kv ] cnhn k o kv ] cnhn k o kv ] cnjvIcnphm \mwjvIcnphm \mwjvIcnphm \mwjvIcnphm \mwjvIcnphm \mwth{X Pm{KX {]th{X Pm{KX {]th{X Pm{KX {]th{X Pm{KX {]th{X Pm{KX {]

I Sn n p p tmI Sn n p p tmI Sn n p p tmI Sn n p p tmI Sn n p p tmF sm cp kw i bwF sm cp kw i bwF sm cp kw i bwF sm cp kw i bwF sm cp kw i bwR p m bn.R p m bn.R p m bn.R p m bn.R p m bn.


28/244

]n.Fkv.kn. _pn cPXPq_nenhnti jm ]Xnv26

`mcX c W L S \ bnse 315 apX 323 hscbp A\ptZfnemWv]nIv kokv Ioj\pIsfpdnv{]Xn]mZnpXv . Fm 1950 mcX cWLS\ \nehn hcpXn\p apvXs ]nIv kokv Io j\pI \psScmPyv{]hnphncppshv Ncn{Xw ]dbpp.

{_nojv cW Imev 1919 se Khsa vHm v Cym BIvnemWv cW \nlW n\p DtZ ym K \nba \ n \mbn ]nIvkokv Ioj F Bibw Dsmn

Xv. Fm CymmcpsS Bi bm`nemj\pkcnpX {]kvXpX Iojs\v\psS tZiob t\Xm hnai \ap bnp.1924 eo {]`p sNbam\mbp tdmb Ioj dntmnse \nti f\pkcnvv 1926 k tdmkv _m sNbam\mbn BZys]nIv kokv Ioj cq]oIrXambn. CuIo j\pw C ym m cpsS Ah Im i vth{X ] cnK W\ \evIp Xsv \psStZiob t\Xm hopw i_vZ ap bn.As\ 1935 se Khsa v Hm^v CymBIvSv {]Imcw tI{n sÛd ]nIvkokv Io j\pw {]hn i y I fn s{]mhnjy ]nIv kokv Io j \pIfpw cq]oIrXambn.

XncphnXmwIq, sImn, ae_m Fv aqv{]tZifmbn hn Pns ncp tIcf kwm\s ae_m {]tZi a{Zmkv{]knUknbpsS cWn Iognembncpp. a{ZmknemWvBZys s{]mhnjy ]nIvkokv Ioj cq]o IrXamb Xv. XncphnXmwIqdn 1935Pq 25 \vtUm. Pn.Un. t\mIv kvF ssltmSXn PUvPn sbbmWv ]nIv kokv Io jW dmbn \nb anXv. 1949 Pqsse 1 \v XncpsImn kwm\w \nehn htm XncpsImn ]nIv kokv Ioj\v cq]w \evIn.3 AwK f S nb {]kvXpX Io js

sNbam kn.Ipncma\mbncpp. 1956 \hw_ 1 \v mjmSnm\n tIcf kwm\wcq]o IrX am b tm {io. hn. sI. th em bp [sNbam \mbn aqv AwK tIcf ]nIvkokv Ioj cq]oIcnsp.

`c W L S \ bnse 315 (1) A\p t Z ntI{n bqWnb ]nIv kokv Ioj\pw Hmtcm kwm \pw Hcp kwm\]nIv kokvIoj\pw DmbncnpXmWv {]Xn]mZnpp. 315 (2) A\ptZnHne[nIw kwm\vthWsan s]mXphmbn Hcp Ioj cq]oIcnmhpXmsWv]d bpp. Fm Bb Xntebvv {]kvXpX

kwm\fpsS \nbakÌ Hmtcmpw, Hne[nIw kÌfp kwm\vCcp kÌfpw,Acw Hcp {]tabw ]mm n bm ]mesan\v \nbaw hgn {]kvXpX kwm \mbn Hcp kwbp kwm\ ]nIvkokv Ioj cq]oIcnmhpXmWv.

Hcp kwm \s apgph \ptam GsX neptam Bhiy \ndthWsavB kwm\s Kh At]npXmbm bqWnb ]nIvkokv Ioj\v cmjv {S]XnbpsSAwKoImctmSpIqSn A{]Imcw {]hnm

hpXmsWv cWLS\bnse A\ptZw 315(4) ]dbppv.

bqWnb ]nIv kokv Io jsbpwkwbp Io j sbpw sNbamam scbpwAwKsfbpw cmjv{S]Xnbpw kwm\ Ioj sNbams\bpw AwKsfbpw KhdpamWv \nb antsXv A\ptZw 316 (1) hyampp.

Hmtcm ]nIvkokv Iojsbpw AwKfn IgnbpnStmfw ]IpXnv ASpphcp{X AwK IpdXv10 hjsanepw`mc Xkm cns Iogntem Hcp kwm\km cns Iogntem DtZ ymKw hln n pBfpI BbncntXmWv.

Iojs sNbam DtZymKn \npwHgn hm Ip kml N c y ntem sNbamsAkmny ntem sNbams NpaXeI\nlnm, bp.]n.Fkv.kn. bpsS ImcynCy {]knUn\pw, kwm\ ]n.F kv.kn.IfpsS Imcyn Khpw asmcmsf NpaXesSpmhpXmsWpw cWLS\ hyhsNpp.

DtZymKn {]thinp XobXn apXBdphjw ]qnbmIp Xphsctbm bqWnb ]nIvkokv Ioj\msWn 65 hbp XnIbpXphsctbm kwm\ Ioj\m

sWn 62 hbpXnIbpXphsctbm ChbnGXmWv BZ y sam, AXp hsc Io jAwKvDtZymKw hlnmhpXmsWmWvA\ptZw 316 (2) se hy h.

bqWnb ]nIv kokv Ioj AwKn\pw kwbp Ioj AwKn\pw cmjv{S]Xnpw kwm\ ]nIv kokv IojAwK n\pw kwm\ KhWpw kzwssISbn FgpXn AbvXs DtZymKw cmPnhbvmhpXmsW v A\ptZw 316 (2) (a){]Xn]mZnpp.

]nIv kokv Io j AwK ambnDtZymKw hlnp Hcm Xs DtZymK Imem

`cWLS\bpw ]n.Fkv.kn.bpw`cWLS\bpw ]n.Fkv.kn.bpw`cWLS\bpw ]n.Fkv.kn.bpw`cWLS\bpw ]n.Fkv.kn.bpw`cWLS\bpw ]n.Fkv.kn.bpw

AUz. hn.Fkv. lco{\mYvsa

tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj

]n.Fkv.kn. _pn cPXPq_nenhnti jm ]Xnv26

1935 se Kh sa1935 se K h sa1935 se Kh sa1935 se K h sa1935 se K h sa vvvvvHm v C ym B Iv SvHm v C ym B Iv SvHm v C ym B Iv SvHm v C ym B Iv SvHm v C ym B Iv Sv{]Imcw tI{n{]Imcw tI{n{]Imcw tI{n{]Imcw tI{n{]Imcw tI{ns^ U d ] n Ivs^ U d ] n Ivs^ U d ] n Ivs^ U d ] n Ivs^ U d ] n Ivk o kv I o jk o kv I o jk o kv I o jk o kv I o jk o kv I o j\pw {] hn i y I fn\pw {] hn i y I fn\pw {] hn i y I fn\pw {] hn i y I fn\pw {] hn i y I fns{]mhnjy ]ns{]mhnjy ]ns{]mhnjy ]ns{]mhnjy ]ns{]mhnjy ]nIv ko kv Io jIv kokv Io jIv ko kv Io jIv kokv Io jIv kokv Io j\p I fpw cq ]o Ir X\p I fpw cq ]o Ir X\p I fpw cq ]o Ir X\p I fpw cq ]o Ir X\p I fpw cq ]o Ir Xam bn.am bn.am bn.am bn.am bn.


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h[nptijw hopw B m\v \nbansSm Al\sv A\ptZw 316 (3) ]dbppv.

]nIvkokv Ioj sNbamt\tbmHcwKttbmIpdnvkz`mhZqjyw kw_n]cmXnbpmbm BbXv cmjv{S]Xn kp{]owtImSXnvd^ sNtXmsWpw AXntkp{]owtImSXn 145 mw A\ptZn \nbns n p \S]Sn{Iaa\pkcnvAt\zjW

hnNmcW \Sn kanp dntmnsASnm\n cmjv{S]Xn ]pdsSphnpDchvhgn am{Xta {]kv XpX sNbamt\tbmAwK ttbm \ow sNm ]mSppshvA\ptZw 317(1) hy ambn {]Xn]mZnppv. Ccw kml N c y fn bqWn b]nIvkokv Iojstbm kwbp Ioj stbm Imc y n cmjv{S ] Xnpw Hcpkwm\ Iojs Imcyn kwm\Khpw kp{]o wtImSXnbntebvv d^sNbvXncnp Bsf kw_nvkp{]owtImSXnbpsS dntmv e`nv cmjv{S]Xn Dchv]mm p Xp hsc Xm \v \npw

kkvs]p sNmhpXmsWvA\pttZw 317(2) ]dbppv.Hcp ]nIv kokv Io j

sNbamt\m AwKtam (1) \n[ \ \m sWvhn[nsSpItbm (2) Xs DtZymKImemh[nnSbn Xs DtZymKn\v ]pdtabpXpw,thX\w ]pXpamb GsXnepw tPmenbnGsSpItbm (3) cmjv{S]XnbpsS A`n{]mbn am\knItam imcocnItam Bb Zu_eyw \nanw DtZymKn XpScphm ]mBfmbncnpItbm sNp kmlNcy nHcp {]tXyI Dchvhgn {]kv XpX Bsf DtZymK n \nv \ow sNm A\ptZw 317(3) cmjv{S]Xnv A[nImcw \evIpp.

Hcp ]nIv kokv Io jsNbamt\m AwKtam `mcX kmcn\pth

ntbm As n kwm\ km cn\pthntbm GsX nepw I cm dp amtbm DS Snbpamtbm

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