PSA4 Paper Summer 2009

7/31/2019 PSA4 Paper Summer 2009

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Paper Reference(s)

6754/01

Edexcel GCESalters Horners Physics

Advanced Level

Unit Test PSA4

Wednesday 10 June 2009 – Afternoon

Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

Nil Nil

Instructions to Candidates

In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature.Answer ALL of the questions, writing your answers in this question booklet.In calculations you should show all the steps in your working, giving your answer at each stage.Calculators may be used.Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The mark for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets.There are seven questions in this paper. The total mark for this paper is 60.The list of data, formulae and relationships is printed at the end of this booklet.

Advice to Candidates

You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions andarguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Examiner’s use only

Team Leader’s use only

Question Leave

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Surname Initial(s)

Signature

Centre

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Paper Reference

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This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with

Edexcel Limited copyright policy.©2009 Edexcel Limited.

Printer’s Log. No.

N29158AW850/R6754/57570 6/6/3/



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1. When signals travel along an optic fibre they experience attenuation.

(a) What is meant by attenuation?

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

(2)

(b) A fibre optic cable is specified as follows:

At wavelength 850 nm, attenuation coefficient µ = 7.8 × 10 –4 m –1

At wavelength 1300 nm, µ = 2.3 × 10 –4 m –1

(i) Explain whether electromagnetic radiation with these wavelengths can be seen.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) State and explain which radiation would travel further along the cable before

needing to be boosted.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(1)



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(c) A booster station is needed when the signal strength has fallen to 8% of its initial

value.

(i) Calculate the length of cable corresponding to this attenuation for a signal of

wavelength 1300 nm.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

Length = ...................................................................

(3)

(ii) Explain whether this length is a maximum or a minimum possible length between

booster stations.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(1) Q1

(Total 8 marks)



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2. A student makes a capacitor by placing a large square of aluminium foil on the bench. She

then covers it with a plastic bin-liner and puts another large square of aluminium foil over

the plastic, immediately above the first square. The two foil sheets are then connected to

a d.c. voltage supply.

(a) She gradually increases the voltage from zero. When the voltage reaches 1900 V,

sparks can be heard crossing the plastic between the two foil sheets. The thickness of

the plastic is 0.022 mm.

Calculate the electric field strength in the plastic when the sparks start.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

Electric field strength = ................................................................................................

(2)

(b) She repeats the experiment using a new bin-liner. This time she adjusts the voltage

to 1300 V and then switches it on. She notices that the top sheet flattens itself down

so as to press against the plastic. Explain this.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................(2)

(c) A coulombmeter in the circuit indicates that 45nC of charge flowed round the circuit

when 1300 V was applied across the sheets.

(i) Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

Capacitance = ............................................................

(2)

(ii) Calculate how much energy is stored in the capacitor when it is charged to1300 V.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

Energy = . ..........................................................

(2)



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(d) With the 1300 V still applied, the student places a heavy weight on top of the

capacitor. This causes sparks to start passing across the plastic where the weight has

been placed. Explain this.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

(2) Q2

(Total 10 marks)



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3. The following passage is about cosmic rays: high energy particles which enter our

atmosphere from space.

When a high energy particle, for example a proton with energy 1 × 1014 eV, hits a

proton or a neutron in a nucleus about half its energy “materialises” in the form of

new particles in agreement with the famous relation E = mc2. The particles are often

created as particle/antiparticle pairs, with pairs of positively and negatively charged

pions being the most likely.

(a) Show that the mass of a 1 × 1014 eV proton is about 100 000 times its rest mass.

.......................................................................................................................................

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.......................................................................................................................................

(3)

(b) Explain the meaning of the phrase “particle/antiparticle pairs”.

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.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

(2)



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(c) All pions are mesons which consist of combinations of up quarks (u) with charge+ 23

e ,

down quarks (d) with charge − 13

e , anti-up quarks (u) and anti-down quarks (d).

A positive pion has charge +1e, and a negative pion has charge –1e.

Both positive and negative pions have mass 140 MeV/c2.

(i) Suggest the quark composition of a positive pion. Give your reasoning.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

(ii) Suppose that a proton with energy 1 × 1014 eV interacts with matter as described,

and the only new particles produced are positive and negative pions.

Calculate the maximum number of pairs of pions that could be produced.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

Maximum number of pairs = ...................................

(2) Q3

(Total 9 marks)



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4. In a laboratory demonstration, a metal disc is made to spin in a magnetic field as shown

in the diagram.

(a) Explain why there is an e.m.f. between A and B.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................(2)

(b) Explain how continuous currents can flow in the disc.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

(2)

BA

Initial

magnetic field

Rotating

disc



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(c) Scientists believe that this demonstration models how the Earth’s magnetic field is

sustained. The disc represents the liquid iron core of the Earth. This core is rotating.

Electric currents in the core arise in a similar way to currents in the disc; these currents

themselves create the magnetic field.

Explain why the rotation of the core would have to be maintained by some force

within the Earth.

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.......................................................................................................................................

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.......................................................................................................................................

(3) Q4

(Total 7 marks)



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5. The graph shows a simulation of the path of a glider which is flown in a loop.

The time interval between successive points is 0.13 s.

(a) (i) Make suitable measurements from the graph to show that the initial speed of the

glider at the start of the loop is about 60 m s –1.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

Height/ m

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

Start of

loop

–2050 100 150 200 250

Horizontal position / m

0



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*N29158A01220*

(ii) Assuming an initial speed of 60 m s –1, calculate the maximum height the glider

might be able to reach at the top of the loop.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

Maximum height = ...................................................................

(2)

(iii) Suggest why the height you have calculated is different from that shown in the

simulation.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(1)

(b) (i) Use the graph to make an estimate of the initial radius of curvature of the loop.

................................................................................................................................

Radius = ...................................................................(1)

(ii) Assuming an initial speed of 60m s –1, calculate the initial centripetal acceleration

of the glider.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

Acceleration = ...................................................................

(2)



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(iii) While the glider is flying straight and level, there is a normal contact force

between the pilot and her seat equal to her weight.

Calculate the new value of this contact force as she starts the loop.

Mass of pilot = 50 kg.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

Force = .....................................................................

(2)

(iv) The pilot flies the glider in a path which maintains this contact force at the same

magnitude all the way through the manoeuvre. Explain why the loop becomes

tighter at the top.

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................................................................................................................................

(2) Q5

(Total 12 marks)



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6. Write a short account of the principles of multiplexing.

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.............................................................................................................................................. Q6

(Total 6 marks)



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7. A student is gathering data from a collision between two carts on a track. The bearings

on the carts are smooth enough for friction to be negligible. One cart of mass 0.40 kg is

pushed so that it collides with a second stationary cart of massm. They stick to each other

and move on together as shown.

The motion of the 0.40 kg cart is monitored using a data logger. The graph shows how the

position of this cart varies with time.

Before collision

0.40 kg m

After collision

0.40 kg m



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*N29158A01720*

(a) Using appropriate measurements from the graph, determine a value for the massm of

the second cart.

.......................................................................................................................................

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m = ............................................................................(5)

(b) Using your values from (a), determine whether this is an elastic or an inelastic

collision.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

(3)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS

END

Q7

(Total 8 marks)



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List of data, formulae and relationships

Data

Gravitational constant

Acceleration of free fall (close to Earth’s surface)

Gravitational field strength (close to Earth’s surface)

Electronic charge

Electronic mass

Electronvolt

Proton mass

Planck constant

Speed of light in a vacuum

Molar gas constant

Boltzmann constant

Permittivity of free space

Permeability of free space

Unit 1

Physics at work, rest and play

Mechanics

Kinematic equations of motion

Energy

% efficiency = [useful energy (or power) output/total energy (or power) input ] 100%

Heating

Quantum Phenomena

Photon model

Waves and Oscillations

For waves on a wire or string

For a lens 1/ P f

( / )T v

E hf

E mc

2 2 2u as v

212

s ut at

7 20 4 10 N A

12 10 8.85 10 Fm

23 11.38 10 J K k

1 18.31J K mol R

8 13.00 10 m sc

346.63 10 J sh

27 p 1.67 10 kgm

191eV 1.60 10 J

31e 9.11 10 kgm

191.60 10 Ce

19.81N kg g

29.81ms g

11 2 26.67 10 N m kgG



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*N29158A01920*

Unit 2

Physics for life

Quantum Phenomena

Photoelectric effect

Materials

Elastic strain energy

Stress

Strain

Young modulus

Stokes’ law

Waves and Oscillations

Refraction

For lenses

Mathematics

Volume of sphere

Unit 4

Moving with physics

Mechanics

Motion in a circle

Energy

Attenuation

Nuclear Physics

Mass-energy

Quantum Phenomena

de Broglie wavelength

Fields

Electric field

In a magnetic field

Energy stored in capacitor

Capacitor discharge

Magnetic Effects of Currents

Faraday’s and Lenz’s Laws d( )/d E N t

/0e t RC Q Q

12

W QV

/r p BQ

sin F Bq v

sin F BIl

/ E V d

/ E F Q

/h p

2 E c m

0 e x I I

2 /T

r v

343

V r

1/ 1/ 1/u f v

1 2 P P P

1 2sin / sin /i r v v

6 F r v

/ E

/ x x

/ F A

el / 2 E F x

21max2

hf m v



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*N29158A02020*

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PSA4 Paper Summer 2009

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