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PS:429-2012 2nd(R)ICS No.91.100.40:91.140.80

PAKISTAN STANDARD

BUILDING AND SANITARY PIPES IN ASBESTOS-CEMENT

(ALL RIGHTS RESERVED)PAKISTAN STANDARDS AND QUALITY CONTROL AUTHORITYSTANDARDS DEVELOPMENT CENTRE(STANDARDIZATION WING),1st FLOOR, ST-7-A, BLOCK-3GULISTAN-E-JAUHARKarachi.

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NAME OF TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND THEIR ADDRESSES OFASBESTOS CEMENT PRODUCTS (BDC-10)

Engr. Asim AleemChief ExecutiveAleem & CompanyBuilders & DevelopersA-3, Memon Square,NIPA Gulishan-e-IqbalKarachi.

Engr. Tahseen AhmedChief ExecutiveM/s. LogixProject Managers Consultants AdvisorsC-24-C, Sunset Lane # 2,Phase II (Ext)Defence Housing AuthorityKarachi.

The Director GeneralEnvironmental Protection Agency,Plot # ST -2/1, Sector 23,Korangi Industrial Area,Karachi

Ref. No SDC-2/BDC-10/08The Director,Quality Control Centre,Block # 77, Pakistan Secretariat,Karachi.

The ChairmanCouncil for Works & Housing Research,F – 40, S. I. T. E.Karachi.

Engr. Syed AliCouncil for Works & Housing Research,F – 40, S. I. T. E., Karachi.The Director,Geological Survey of Pakistan,ST – 17, Block – IIGulistan-e-Jauhar,Karachi.

The Registrar,Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC),Attaturk Avenue (East) G-5/2Islamabad.

The Secretary,Institution of Engineer Pakistan,Karachi Centre 177/2, Liaquat Barracks,4th Floor, I.E.P. Building,Karachi.

The Chairman,Association of Builders & Developers,ST – 1/D, Block – 16,Gulistan-e-JoharKarachi

The Vice Chancellor,Mehran Universityof Engineering & TechnologyJamshoro.

The Vice Chancellor,Quaid-e-Awam University,of Engineering & Technology,Nawabshah.

The Vice Chancellor,University of Karachi,University Road,Karachi.

The Vice ChancellorUniversity of Sindh,Jamshoro.

The Vice President,NESPAK,14th Floor of NIC BuildingOff Abbasi Shaheed Road,Shahrah-e-Faisal,

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Karachi.

The Chief Engineer,NESPAK,14th Floor of NIC BuildingOff Abbasi Shaheed Road,Shahrah-e-Faisal, Karachi.

Engr. Tasnim Ahmed Qazi,Technical Manager (Q.A)Dadex Eternit Limited,Deh – 22 S.I.T.E., Manghopir Road,Karachi.The Director General,PCSIR Laboratory Complex,Off: University Road,Karachi.

Mr. Aamir NizamLab. Engineer in Civil Engg., Department,N.E.D. University of Engg. & Technology,Karachi.

Mr. Anwar Ahmed Khan,House # A-19, Raw G, Block-1Gulshan-e-Kaneez FatimaGulshan TownKarachi.

Engr. Rizwan-ur-RehmanPrincipal Engineer PCSIR,4/G, Block-6, P.E.C.H.S.,Karachi.

Engr. Mumtaz Ali LashariThe Assistant Director,Building (Design Bureau),Hyderabad Development Authority,

Hyderabad.

Mr. Ijaz ShaikhAntiquites Department 7th FloorBuilding # 01,New Building Sindh SecretariatKarachi

Engr. Farid Ahmed SoomroChief Engineer (I.P.D.,)KW & SB Scheme 33 Gulshan-e-IqbalNear Civic Centre,Karachi

Assistant Director (SBCA)Sindh Building Control AuthorityHyderabad Region,Hyderabad.The Managing DirectorKW & SB 9th Mile KarsazKarachi.

The Secretary General/CEO,Federation of Pakistan,Chamber of Commerce & Industries,Federation House, Main Clifton,Karachi.

Prof. Ashraf KamalAssistant Professor,University of Karachi,University Road,Karachi.

The RegistrarSir Syed Universityof Engineering & TechnologyGulshan-e-IqbalKarachi

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P.S. 429-2012 (R)

PAKISTAN STANDARDS SPECIFICATION

FOR

BUILDING AND SANITARY PIPES IN ASBESTOS-CEMENT

0. FOREWORD:

0.1 This Standard was adopted by Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority afterrecommendations of the Technical Committee for “Asbestos Cement Products”(BDC-10) on 21-12-2011. The same had been approved and endorsed by the CivilEngineering National Standards Committee (CENSC) on 12th April, 2012.

0.2 This Standard has been prepared after taking into consideration the views and suggestionsof the manufacturers, technologists, suppliers and utilizing agencies.

0.3 This Pakistan Standard No.429-1988 (R) was prepared with the help of foreignspecifications which has been since revised/modified. Hence to keep up a par with thelatest technology, it has been revised accordingly. In preparation of this NationalStandard the Technical Committee acknowledges with thanks the assistance drawn fromthe Standard ISO:391. Presently the committee has confirmed to this PSS as 2nd Revisionin April, 2012.

0.4. This Standard is subject to periodical review in order to keep pace with development inindustry. Any suggestion for improvement will be recorded and placed before thecommittee in due course.

0.5 Warning Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos productspresent demonstrated health risks for users and for those with whom they come intocontact. In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products,minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos,refer to “Safe Use of Chrysotile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”

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P.S. 429-2012 (R)

PAKISTAN STANDARDS SPECIFICATION

FOR

BUILDING AND SANITARY PIPES IN ASBESTOS-CEMENT

1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION

This Pakistan Standard defines dimensions, characteristics and acceptance tests forasbestos-cement pipes and jointing pieces used in building, such as rainwater, sanitaryand sewer connections up to the connection with main or common sewer.1)

2. REFERENCE

PS:1551, Asbestos-cement products – sampling and inspection. PS:_________, Asbestos-cement pipe fittings for building and sanitary purposes.

3. PIPES

3.1 Composition

The pipes to which this Pakistan Standard relates consist essentially of an inorganichydraulic binder reinforced by asbestos fibres to which other fibres may be added2)

3.2 Types

The pipes may be of two types.

- pipes with socket;- pipes with plain ends.

3.3 General appearance and finish

The external surface of the pipes shall be regular and the internal surface shall be regularand smooth. If necessary, the pipes may be coated internally and/or externally with asuitable coating.

3.4 Characteristics

3.4.1 Geometrical characteristics_________________1) Pressure pipes are covered by PS:428; sewerage and drainage pipes for main and common sewer are covered by

PS:558.

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2) Asbestos-cement silica pipes to which this Pakistan Standard also relates consist essentially of an inorganic hydraulicbinder and silica in chemical combination (calcium silicate reaction) reinforced by asbestos fibres to which other fibresmay be added.

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P.S. 429-2012 (R)

3.4.1.1 Nominal diameter

The nominal diameter of the pipes corresponds to the internal diameter (bore), tolerancesnot being taken into account.

The series of the nominal diameters1) is as shown in table 1Table 1

50 / 60*70 / 80*

100125150200250300

*The choice in eachgroup being that of thenational standardsinstitution.3.4.1.2 Ovality

The ovality is defined by

O =

where:

Dr is the value corresponding to the maximum or minimum effective internaldiameter, in millimeters, of the spigot end of the pipe or their socket;

Dt is the value of the specified internal diameter, in millimeters, of the spigot end ofthe pipe or the socket.2)

The ovality shall be within the following limits according to the nominal diameter:

OVALITY- for nominal diameters less than 100: 0.95 to 1.025- for nominal diameters from 100 to 300: 0.98 to 1.02

____________________1) Manufacturers catalogues should state actual dimensions available and these should be chosen from

preferred from preferred numbers of R 10 series.2) The theoretical diameter of the pipes is equal to the nominal diameter of the pipes. The theoretical diameter

of the sockets is defined by the national standards or, failing this, in the manufacturers, catalogues.

3.4.1.3 Nominal thickness

DrDt

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The nominal wall thicknesses and their tolerances are given in table – 2:

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P.S. 429-2011 (R)

TABLE – 2NOMINAL DIAMETER NOMINAL WALL THICKNESS

mmTOLERANCE

mm50 760 770 7 + 1.580 7 - 1.5

100 7125 8150* 8

-------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- --------------------------------200* 9 + 2.0250* 10 - 1.5300* 11

*Where pipes larger than or equal to 150 diameter are to be used underground without additional protection againstground pressure and external loads, the strength of the pipe should be verified and if inadequate a pipe conforming withPS:558 should be selected.

The thickness shall be measured at the unmachined end of the pipe.

3.4.1.4 Nominal length

For pipes with plain ends, the nominal length corresponds to the length measuredbetween the ends of the pipes. For pipes with socket, see figure-1 in the case of appliedsocket and figure-2 in the case of a monolithic pipe.

The series of the nominal lengths, expressed in metres, is 0.50 – 1.00 – 1.50 – 2.00 – 2.50– 3.00 – 4.00 – 5.00.

The nominal length of 5.00 m only applies to pipes of nominal diameter equal to orgreater than 150.

3.4.1.5 Tolerance on the nominal length

Upper deviation : + 10 mmLower deviation : - 20 mm

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P.S. 429-2012 (R)

3.4.3 Mechanical characteristics

3.4.3.1 Crushing

When tested as provided for in 3.5.1 (compulsory test), the pipes shall indicate aminimum unit crushing strength of 25 N/mm2.

3.4.3.2 Bending

When tested as provided for in 3.5.3 (optional test, limited to pipes with a nominaldiameter less than or equal to 150) the pipes shall indicate a minimum unit bendingstrength of 16 N/mm2.

Note: Tests on non-immersed specimens may be specified, in which case the followingvalues shall apply:

- minimum unit crushing strength: 27.5 N/mm2

- minimum unit bending strength: 17.6 N/mm2

3.5 Tests

The acceptance tests shall be carried out at the manufacturers works on pipes and testpieces cut from sufficiently matured pipes.

The conditions and methods of test shall apply equally to pipes coated or uncoated.

a) Compulsory test

1) Transverse crushing test (method as defined in 3.5.1, number of tests asindicated in the extract of the table in annex B).

b) Optional tests

2) Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test (method as defined in 3.5.2,number of tests as indicated in the extract of the table in annex B1).

3) Longitudinal bending test (method as defined in 3.5.3, number of tests asindicated in the extract of the table in annex B1).

3.5.1 Transverse crushing test

3.5.1.1 Test procedure

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The test shall be carried out on a piece of pipe, cut from a section not including any joint,after immersion for 24 h in water.

P.S. 429-2012 (R)

The nominal length of the test piece shall be 200 mm or 300 mm.

The load shall be applied through press-blocks shown in figure-3 at a constant rateregulated so that the rupture occurs after at least 15 s and not more than 30 s, according tothe diameter2).

The lower press-block consists of a V-shaped support having an included angle of 150o

made of metal or hard wood whereas the flat upper press-block, made of the samematerial, has a width b = 25 mm for all nominal pipe diameters.

Strips of rubber of suitable width and length shall be interposed between the press-blocksand the test piece.

The rubber strips shall be 15 mm thick and of a hardness of 60 ± 5 shore A-degrees.

3.5.1.2 Calculation of the strength (see 3.4.3.1)

The unit transverse crushing strength Re, expressed in newtons per square millimeter, isgiven by the formula

Re = Kwhere :

K =

Me = n Pe is the maximum ring bending moment;

n being equal to 0.26 for diameters up to 100;n being equal to 0.30 for diameters exceeding 100;

We = le2 is the moduls of resistance of the test piece;

Pe is the breaking load, expressed in newtons;d is the effective internal diameter of the test piece, in millimeters, taken as the average

of two perpendicular measurements, at the broken cross sections;e is the effective thickness of the wall of the test piece in the broken section, in millimeters, to be taken as the average of three measurements made along the line of fracture at the top of the ring;l is the effective length of the test pieced, in millimeters.

Note:- The value of Re may be derived directly from the formula

Re = n

Me

We

3d + 5e

3d + 3e

d + e2

16

Pe

1(3d + 5e)

e2

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The terms being expressed in the same units as above.

1) The test pieces required for all tests should be taken from the same pipe, if its length permits it.2) For pipes with seam, the load should be applied to the seam via the upper press block.

P.S. 429-2012 (R)

3.5.2 Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test

This test shall be carried out on whole pipes, including the sockets if the pipes aresocketed.

The pipes shall be placed on an hydraulic press, the water tightness at the ends beingensured by an appropriate device. The hydraulic pressure shall be measured by a pressuregauge, calibrated to give accurate reading. A manometer graduated to at least 0.01 MPa isrecommended.

The hydraulic pressure shall be raised gradually up to 0.05 MPa. This pressure ismaintained for 60s to check that there is no fissure, leakage or sweating.

No reduction of the testing time is permitted.

3.5.3 Longitudinal bending test

Taking into account the practical possibilities of carrying out the test and the nature of thebending stresses, this test shall be called for only on pipes of 150 diameter and less.

The test shall be carried out on a whole or part of a pipe at least 2.20 m long, which hasbeen immersed in water for 24 h. The test piece shall be placed on two metal supportswhich are V-shaped, having an included angle of 120o, presenting a face 50 mm wide tothe pipe and free to move in the plane of bending on two horizontal axes 2000 mm apart(see figure-4, at page-9).

The pipe shall be loaded at the centre of the distance between the supports by means of ametal pad having the same shape as the supports, but with a width of 100 mm. Strips offelt or soft wooden fibre boards not more than 10 mm thick shall be interposed betweenthe support and the pipe, and the pad and the pipe. The load shall be applied at a constant

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speed and should be regulated so that the rupture occure after at least 15 s and not morethan 30s.

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P.S. 429-2012 (R)

The unit longitudinal bending strength Rf, expressed in newtons per square millimeter, is givenby the formula

Rf =

Where:

Mf =

Wf = x

Pf being the breaking load, in newtons;

l being the distance between centres of supports, in millimeters;

d being the effective internal diameter of the test piece, in millimeters, taken as the average of two perpendicular measurements at the broken cross section;

e being the effective thickness of the wall of the test piece in the broken section, in the broken section, in millimeters, to be taken as the average of three measurements madealong the line of fracture at the top of the ring.

Mf

Wf

Pf l4

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Typeequationhere.

(d + 2e)4 – d4

d + 2e

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P.S. 429-2012 (R)

Note: The value Rf may be derived directly from the formula:

Rf = 2.547

the terms being expressed in the same units as above.

3.6 Marking

The pipes shall be marked legibly and indelibly to show at least

- manufacturer’s mark;- date of manufacture.

The method of marking shall conform to the national standards. Additional marks, inparticular the nominal diameter, may be applied.

4. JOINING

4.1 Types of assembly

The tightness of the conduct is realized by assembling the spigot ends on the socket of thepipes, or separate sleeves.

In the traditional system, the tightness of the spigot and socket joint is realized bycaulking or stuffing suitable soft material into the free space of the socket.

Other systems are realized by elastomeric gaskets which shall ensure tightness of socketand spigot joints, or separate sleeves.

4.2 Assembly by caulking or stuffing

4.2.1 Profile and internal diameter of sockets

The profile and the internal diameter of sockets shall be such that, taking into account thetolerances on the thickness of the pipe (see 3.4.1.3) and the ovalization (see 3.4.1.2),there is an annular space sufficient to ensure tightness depending on the nature of thematerial used for the manufacturing of the joint and the application technique.

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P.S. 429-2012 (R)

4.2.2 Thickness

The average wall thickness of the socket shall be not less than that of the pipe.

4.2.3 Depth

The depth of the socket shall be at least 50 mm and shall allow a clearance ofapproximately 5 mm between the base of the socket and the spigot end of the matingpipe.

4.3 Assembly by elastomeric gaskets

Dimensions and tolerances of all elements of the joint shall be such that permanenttightness at the internal hydraulic pressur of 0.05 IPa at the madximum permitted angulardeviatrion is assured. The test shall be carried out according to 3.5.2 for the internalhydraulic pressure and the testing time.

5. SAMPLING, INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

Enquiries and orders shall specify whether or not acceptance tests are rquired and if so,which test. Otherwise, the purchaser is presumed not to require acceptance tests.

5.1 Inspection by sampling

5.1.1 All requirements of the pipes shall be verified, if requested, by sampling.

5.1.2 The proceudre in PS:1551 applies for the sampling, inspection and acceptance. Eachinspection lot should include only items of the same diameter and of the same type. Themaximum and minimum inspection lots are agreed between the manufacturer and thepurchaser; failing such an agreement these should be respectively:

- for diameters less than or equal to 200 : 800 and 200 pipes respectively;- for diameters exceeding 200 : 400 and 100 pipes respectively.

5.1.3 If the sample is not satisfactory the customer or manufacturer may request inspection ofeach item for the failing characterisitc in accordance with 5.2.

5.2 Inspection of each item of the consignment

5.2.1 The requirements concerning the general appearance and finish (3.3), the geometricalcharacteristics (3.4.1) and the marking (3.6) of the pipes may be verified on each item ofthe consignement.

5.2.2 The pipes which do not satisfy the requirements when submitted to inspection of eachitem of the consignewment (5.2.1) may be rejected.

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P.S. 429-2012 (R)

5.3 Length – Delivery tolerances

In any one consignment, 5% of the pipes delivered may have a shorter nominal lengththat the length ordered. However, all the pipes delivered shall have nominal length asspecified in 3.4.1.4 (subject to the limits of the tolerances given in 3.4.1.5) and the totallength of the pipes supplied shall be not less than the length ordered.

ANNEXURE-A; ACCEPTANCE TESTS

A.1 CARRYING OUT OF TESTS

Unless agreed otherwise, the purchaser shall inform the manufacturers, when ordering,which tests (see 3.5) are required. The tests shall be carried out at a time and place fixedby agreement.

A.2 ACCESS TO THE WORKS

The purchaser has the access to the place of testing and to the stocks for the sole purposeof inspecting and testing the materials which he has ordered at any time agreed with themanufacturer.

A.3 COSTS OF TESTING

The following tests only should be carried out at the expense of the manufacturer:

- the compulsory tests;- the optional tests called for when the order is placed;- the optional tests asked for after ordering and resulting in rejection of the lot.

By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser when ordering, additionaltests may be carried out at the purchaser’s expense, at the works or in an independentlaboratory designated by agreement. The manufacturer shall have the right to berepresented.

A.4 INSPECTION OF EACH ITEM OF THE CONSIGNMENT

In order to reduce the duration and the costs of the acceptance operations in practice, theinspection of the characteristics made on each item of the consignment (see 5.2.1) may, atthe purchaser’s request, be replaced by an inspection by sampling.

In this case, if the inspection results tend towards the rejection of the lot, themanufacturer may ask for a 100% inspection on all items of the consignment with regardto the failing characteristic (rejection according to 5.2.2).

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A.5 PERIOD FOR TESTING

All tests shall be completed before delivery of the consignment and at the latest 4 weeksafter the date of sampling.

A.6 MANUFACTURER’S CERTIFICATE

A.6.1 Orders with acceptance tests

If a purchaser or his representative is not present at all or part of the tests, themanufacturer shall supply the purchaser with a certificate that the pipes satisfied the testshe was unable to witness.

A.6.2 Orders without acceptance tests

For orders without acceptance tests, the manufacturer is considered to have dischargedhis obligations on completion of delivery.

ANNEXURE-B: EXTRACTS FROM PS:1551,Asbestos-Cement products – Sampling and Inspection

4. DIVISION OF A CONSIGNMENT INTO INSPECTION LOTS

4.1 Homogeneous consignments

4.1.1 Any homogeneous consignment (or sub-consignment, see 4.2) shall be divided by themanufacturer into inspection lots, the maximum size of which shall be as given in therelevant Pakistan Standard.

4.1.2 Any fraction of a consignment remaining after removal of the highest possible number ofmaximum inspection lots and any homogeneous consignment (or sub-consignment)smaller than the maximum lot size, shall form an inspection lot if larger than theminimum lot size given in the relevant Pakistan Standard.

4.1.3 Consignments or fractions of consignments smaller than the minimum lot size given inthe relevant Pakistan Standard shall not be submitted to sampling and testing.

4.2 Non-homogeneous consignments

Any consignment which is known to be or is expected to be non-homogeneous as regardsany of the properties to be tested by sampling shall be divided by the manufacturer intoassumed homogeneous sub-consignments prior to the division into inspection lots inaccordance with 4.1.

5. SAMPLING

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5.1 From each inspection lot (4.1.1 and 4.1.2), the purchaser may draw a sample, the size ofwhich is indicated in table-1 (see 5.2 and 5.3).

5.2 The entry to table-1 is the number of units of product in the inspection lot (column-1), thesample size being indicated in column-2.

5.3 For products where all units undergo a compulsory non-destructive test duringmanufacture1), the reduced sample size obtained by entering table-1 at column-7 may beapplied.

5.4 The possibility mentioned in 5.3. is also available when the manufacturer guarantees hisproduction or has it guaranteed by an independent control organization1).

5.6 When the relevant Pakistan Standard calls for more than one property to be tested, thesample size shall be appropriately multiplied so as to secure for each test a number of testpieces equal to the sample size (see 5.2 and 5.3). From one unit of a sample, one testpiece only shall be cut for a particular test, but for different tests, the necessary test piecemay be cut from the same unit of the sample.

7. DETERMINATION OF ACCEPTABILITY OF INSPECTION LOTS

7.1 Inspection by attributes

7.1.1 When the number of non-conforming units found in the sample is equal to or less than theacceptance number Ac1 indicated in column-3 of table-1, the inspection lot from whichthe sample was drawn shall be considered acceptable.

7.1.2 When the number of non-conforming units found in the sample is equal to or greater thanthe rejection number Re1 indicated in column-4 of table-1, this may justify rejection ofthe inspection lot.

7.1.3 When the number of non-conforming units found in the sample lies between theacceptance number and the rejection number (column 3 and 4 of table-1), a secondsample of the same size as the initial sample (5.2, 5.3 and 5.4) shall be drawn andexamined.

7.1.4 The second sample shall be inspected as indicated in 5.5 and 5.6.

7.1.5 The number of non-conforming units found in the initial and in the second samples shallbe totaled.

7.1.6 If the total number of non-conforming units is equal to or less than the acceptancenumber Ac2 indicated in column-5 of table-1, the inspection lot shall be consideredacceptable.

7.1.7 If the total number of non-conforming units is equal to or greater than the secondrejection number Re2 indicated in column-6 of table-1, this may justify rejection of theinspection lot.

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7.1.8 When the relevant Pakistan Standard calls for more than one property to be tested, thesecond sample taken (see 7.1.3) shall only be inspected in accordance with those testswhich at the inspection of the initial sample gave numbers of non-conforming unitsbetween the acceptance number Ac1 and the rejection number Re1.

_______________1) Such as the water tightness test for pipes.

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P.S. 429-2011 (R)TABLE – 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Initial Sample Initial + Second samples Inspection

by variablesSize of Inspection lot Sample size

Acceptancenumber

Ac1

Rejectionnumber

Re1

Acceptancenumber

Ac2

Rejectionnumber

Size of inspection lot forproducts tested during

manufacture Acceptabilitycriterion

kup to 100 3 0 2 1 2 Up to 200 0.29101 to 200 4 0 2 1 2 201 to 400 0.34201 to 400 5 0 2 1 2 401 to 800 0.37401 to 800 7 0 2 1 2 801 to 1500 0.40801 to 1500 10 0 2 2 3 1501 to 3000 0.501501 to 3000 15 0 3 3 4 3001 to 8000 0.513001 to 8000 25 1 4 5 6 8001 to 20000 0.528001 to 20000 35 2 5 7 8 --- 0.53

For simultaneous inspection of the two limits of a given property, see Annexure to PS:1551.

__________________________

M.A.Q18-12-2012