PS2 Protocol

PS/2 Mouse Based X-Y PlotterPS/2 Mouse Based X-Y Plotter

Kushal Infotech Pvt. Lt.Kushal Infotech Pvt. Lt.EXTERNAL GUIDE: Mr. G. GhateEXTERNAL GUIDE: Mr. G. GhateINTERNAL GUIDE: Mrs. Preeti SalunkheINTERNAL GUIDE: Mrs. Preeti Salunkhe

Swapna JadhavSwapna Jadhav Rani PawalRani Pawal Rachana KaleRachana Kale Aarti ToshniwalAarti Toshniwal

OUTLINEOUTLINE

IntroductionIntroduction Block diagramBlock diagram PS/2 protocolPS/2 protocol Flow ChartFlow Chart ARM AX4510 BOARDARM AX4510 BOARD X Y plotterX Y plotter Stepper motor interfaceStepper motor interface ConclusionConclusion Future plansFuture plans

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

&&

BLOCK DIAGRAMBLOCK DIAGRAM

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Aim :Aim :

Project is to track a Ps/2 Project is to track a Ps/2 mouse and use it to control a X– mouse and use it to control a X– Y plotter.Y plotter.

PlotterPlotter

Plotter is a device that draws Plotter is a device that draws pictures or diagrams under computer pictures or diagrams under computer control.control.

Plotter is a Plotter is a vector graphicsvector graphics printing deviceprinting device that connects to a that connects to a computercomputer..

Continue…Continue…

Plotters are used primarily in Plotters are used primarily in technical drawingtechnical drawing and and CADCAD applicationsapplications

Advantage of working on very large Advantage of working on very large paper sizes while maintaining high paper sizes while maintaining high resolution.resolution.

Types of plotterTypes of plotter

Two types of plotterTwo types of plotter

Flatbed plottersFlatbed plotters Pen movement up & down Pen movement up & down

across flat drawing surface. across flat drawing surface.

Roller plottersRoller plottersRoll the drawing paper past pen Roll the drawing paper past pen

movement side to side.movement side to side.

Why Plotter /Why Not PrinterWhy Plotter /Why Not Printer

“ “When computer memory was very When computer memory was very expensive and processor power expensive and processor power was very slow plotter was often was very slow plotter was often the fastest way to produce very the fastest way to produce very large drawing efficiently.” large drawing efficiently.”

PlotterPlotter

APPLICATION:APPLICATION: In technical drawing and CAD application.In technical drawing and CAD application. Garments and sign shop.Garments and sign shop. In Biomedical fields for diagnosis.In Biomedical fields for diagnosis. In Embedded field as web plotter.In Embedded field as web plotter. As navigation plotter to detect boat As navigation plotter to detect boat

position.position. Ink Jet printer. Business charts, architectural Ink Jet printer. Business charts, architectural

plans, and engineering drawing.plans, and engineering drawing.

PS/2 Mouse based PlotterPS/2 Mouse based Plotter

Major blocks in our PlotterMajor blocks in our Plotter Ps/2 mousePs/2 mouse Arm Board AX4510Arm Board AX4510 Two stepper motor for X,Y movementTwo stepper motor for X,Y movement

OR OR

The 2600 a compact 8-pen plotter The 2600 a compact 8-pen plotter with with

inbuilt stepper motorinbuilt stepper motor

Block Diagram Block Diagram

Ps/2 mouse based X-Y plotterPs/2 mouse based X-Y plotter

PS/2 Mouse AX4510 Board

Stepper motor

X Y plotterStepper motor

Block DescriptionBlock Description

PS/2 mouse is connected to 6 pin PS/2 mouse is connected to 6 pin mini din female socket available at mini din female socket available at AX4510 board.AX4510 board.

Ax4510 board reads X & Y movement Ax4510 board reads X & Y movement

Output from Arm Board given to Output from Arm Board given to Stepper motorStepper motor

PS/2 BYTE FORMATPS/2 BYTE FORMAT

PS/2 SENT FRAME OF 11/12 BITSPS/2 SENT FRAME OF 11/12 BITS 1 start bit (always zero)1 start bit (always zero) 8 data bits (LSB first)8 data bits (LSB first) 1 parity bit (odd parity)1 parity bit (odd parity) 1 stop bit (always one)1 stop bit (always one) 1 acknowledge (host to device 1 acknowledge (host to device

communication)communication)


Byte 1 Byte 1 Bit 7 - Y OverflowBit 7 - Y Overflow Bit 6 - X OverflowBit 6 - X Overflow Bit 5 - Y sign bitBit 5 - Y sign bit Bit 4 - X sign bitBit 4 - X sign bit Bit 3 - Always 1Bit 3 - Always 1 Bit 2 - Middle ButtonBit 2 - Middle Button Bit 1 - Right ButtonBit 1 - Right Button Bit 0 - Left ButtonBit 0 - Left Button


BYTE 2BYTE 2 X MovementX Movement

BYTE 3BYTE 3 Y MovementY Movement

Achieved Block DiagramAchieved Block Diagram

PS/2 Mouse AX4510 Board Stepper motor

Why AX4510 Arm BoardWhy AX4510 Arm Board

Embest AX4510 EVB is a platform that is Embest AX4510 EVB is a platform that is suitable for code development of Samsung's suitable for code development of Samsung's S3C4510B(ARM7TDMI) RISC microcontroller.S3C4510B(ARM7TDMI) RISC microcontroller.

Embest AX4510 EVB provides a high Embest AX4510 EVB provides a high performance & low cost solution for performance & low cost solution for EMBEDDED ENGINEER.EMBEDDED ENGINEER.

Boundary scanBoundary scan is a method for testing is a method for testing interconnects (thin wire lines) on interconnects (thin wire lines) on printed circuit boardsprinted circuit boards or sub-blocks inside or sub-blocks inside an an integrated circuitintegrated circuit..

Why Stepper MotorWhy Stepper Motor

Motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. A stepper motor converts electrical pulses into specific rotational movements. The movement created by each pulse is precise and repeatable, which is why stepper motors are so effective for positioning

applications.

Embest IDEEmbest IDE

An Integrated Development Environment An Integrated Development Environment (IDE). (IDE).

Project management facility. Project management facility. Integrated source-code editor. Integrated source-code editor. GNU compilers, assembler and linker. GNU compilers, assembler and linker. GNU ANSI C library. GNU ANSI C library. Supports ARM build tools. Supports ARM build tools. Source-level debugger. Source-level debugger.

FeaturesFeatures

Low Power ConsumptionLow Power Consumption Less Hardware RequirementLess Hardware Requirement Extensive debug facilities (Embedded Extensive debug facilities (Embedded

ICE debug unit accessible via JTAG ICE debug unit accessible via JTAG interface unit) interface unit)

Fastest execution with good Fastest execution with good resolutionresolution

PS/2 Mouse protocolPS/2 Mouse protocol

Flow chartFlow chart

PS/2 MOUSE PROTOCOLPS/2 MOUSE PROTOCOL

The PS/2 mouse interface originally appeared in IBM's The PS/2 mouse interface originally appeared in IBM's "Personal System/2" computers ."Personal System/2" computers .

The physical PS/2 connector is 6 pin-mini-DIN The physical PS/2 connector is 6 pin-mini-DIN connectorconnector


The PS/2 mouse interface uses a The PS/2 mouse interface uses a bidirectional bidirectional serial protocol to transmit movement and serial protocol to transmit movement and button-position.button-position.

The computer send a number of commands to the The computer send a number of commands to the mouse to set the mouse to set the resolution, reset the mouse, resolution, reset the mouse, disable the mouse, etc.disable the mouse, etc.


The standard PS/2 mouse interface supports The standard PS/2 mouse interface supports the following inputs: the following inputs:

X (right/left) movement X (right/left) movement Y (up/down) movementY (up/down) movement Left buttonLeft button Middle buttonMiddle button Right button. …….Right button. …….


When mouse moves it sends 3 byte of information through When mouse moves it sends 3 byte of information through

PS-2 port to the host. PS-2 port to the host.

The movement counters are 9-bit , where the MSB The movement counters are 9-bit , where the MSB appears as a sign bit in Byte 1 of the movement data appears as a sign bit in Byte 1 of the movement data packet. packet.


Mouse can send data to host and host can send data Mouse can send data to host and host can send data to mouse, but host has always priority to bus and can to mouse, but host has always priority to bus and can inhibit communication at any time by holding clock inhibit communication at any time by holding clock low.low.

Data sent from mouse to host is read on the falling Data sent from mouse to host is read on the falling edge of the clock.edge of the clock.

Data sent from host to mouse is read on the rising Data sent from host to mouse is read on the rising edge of the clock.edge of the clock.

Regardless of direction of communication mouse Regardless of direction of communication mouse always generates the clock.always generates the clock.


1 Start bit (always 0)1 Start bit (always 0) 8 data bit ( LSB first)8 data bit ( LSB first) 1 parity bit (Odd parity)1 parity bit (Odd parity) 1 stop bit (This is always 1)1 stop bit (This is always 1) 1 Acknowledge bit (host to Device 1 Acknowledge bit (host to Device

communication).communication).

Bus StatesBus States

Data = high, Clock = high: Data = high, Clock = high: Idle state.Idle state.

Data = high, Clock = low: Data = high, Clock = low: Communication Inhibited.Communication Inhibited.

Data = low, Clock = high: Data = low, Clock = high: Host Host Request-to-SendRequest-to-Send

Device to host Communication

Host to Device Host to Device communicationcommunication

FlowchartFlowchart

Main RoutineMain RoutineStart

Call port initialization routine

Call PS2 Initialization routine

End

Port InitializationPort Initialization

Start

Configure Register forULCON0 for 8 data bits,1 start bit,1 stop bit.

UBRDIV0 register for 19200 baud rate.UCON for transmission enable

End

PS/2 RoutinePS/2 Routine

StartStart

Call Mouse_To_HostCall Mouse_To_HostFunctionFunction

Check for selfCheck for selftesttest

Transmit commands:Transmit commands:Call Host_to_MouseCall Host_to_Mouse

NoNo

YesYes

Check for IDCheck for ID

NoNo

RETRET

Get errorGet error

YesYes

Host To MouseHost To Mouse

StartStart

Pull clock line lowPull clock line lowfor 100usfor 100us

Pull data line lowPull data line low

AA

AA

Release clk Release clk

NoNo

YesYes

Initialization counter=1Initialization counter=1

BB

Call calculate parityCall calculate parityfunctionfunction

Wait for Wait for clk clk HighHigh

JJ

Contd….Contd….

BB

Shift 8 data bits Shift 8 data bits On data lineLSB IstOn data lineLSB Ist

Increment counterIncrement counter

Counter==8Counter==8NoNo

YesYes

CC

Wait for rising Wait for rising edge of clkedge of clk

CC

NoNo

Transmit parity bit Transmit parity bit

Wait for rising Wait for rising edge of clkedge of clk NoNo

DD

JJ

Contd…Contd…

DD

Transmit stop Transmit stop bit bit

Call Mouse_To_HostCall Mouse_To_HostRoutineRoutine

Check for the ackCheck for the ack

Release data and clkRelease data and clklineline

ReturnReturnEE

EE

NoNo

YesYes

Resend Resend

Mouse_To_HostMouse_To_Host

StartStart

Wait for CLK highWait for CLK highDelay for 50usDelay for 50us

Is data HighIs data High

FF

FF

NONO

NONO

YESYES

Is clockIs clockHighHigh

YESYES

Delay for 40usDelay for 40us

Is clockIs clock HighHigh

NONO

GGYESYES

Transfer data bit Transfer data bit By bit LSB IstBy bit LSB Ist

Increment Increment countercounter

Is counter ==8Is counter ==8

Wait for 2Wait for 2Clk pulseClk pulse

RETRET

HH

NONO

YESYES

YESYES

Transmit start bitTransmit start bit

Delay for 20usDelay for 20us

Wait for clk Wait for clk Falling edgeFalling edge

ONON

YESYES

Initialise counter=1Initialise counter=1

ONON

HH

AX4510 BoardAX4510 Board


Embest AX4510 for S3C4510B is a platform that is Embest AX4510 for S3C4510B is a platform that is suitable for code development of Samsung's suitable for code development of Samsung's S3C4510B(ARM7TDMI) RISC microcontroller S3C4510B(ARM7TDMI) RISC microcontroller (General ARM) for network applications and general (General ARM) for network applications and general applications.applications.

The S3C4510B is based on 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI The S3C4510B is based on 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI RISC processor. It offers a configurable 8K-byte RISC processor. It offers a configurable 8K-byte unified cache/SRAM and Ethernet controller which unified cache/SRAM and Ethernet controller which reduces total system cost. reduces total system cost.

5.0V DC or USB power supply 5.0V DC or USB power supply 10M/100M Ethernet interface connector(RJ45)10M/100M Ethernet interface connector(RJ45) 2 PS2 port 2 PS2 port 20-pin JTAG interface connector 20-pin JTAG interface connector

PLOTTER & STEPPER MOTOR PLOTTER & STEPPER MOTOR

X-Y PlotterX-Y Plotter (2600) (2600)

The 2600 is a compact 8-pen plotter with full The 2600 is a compact 8-pen plotter with full compatibilities and high cost performancecompatibilities and high cost performance. .

The 2600 features :The 2600 features :

Plotter commands consist of one or two characters Plotter commands consist of one or two characters and are easily used with BASICand are easily used with BASIC..

High resolution (0.05 mm steps)High resolution (0.05 mm steps)

Serial interfaces can be included Serial interfaces can be included High speed drawingHigh speed drawing

Keys on x - y plotterKeys on x - y plotter

Scaling point keys (p1, p2)Scaling point keys (p1, p2) Enter keysEnter keys Pause keyPause key Fast keysFast keys Pen up/down keyPen up/down key Positioning keysPositioning keys Home keyHome key

CommandsCommands

DXY commands:DXY commands: used with the Anika series of plottersused with the Anika series of plotters improved to enable all programs for theimproved to enable all programs for the

2600 to use this mode2600 to use this mode

Stepper Motors Stepper Motors

Stepper motors allow for excellent control of angular Stepper motors allow for excellent control of angular position. position.

The precision of the The precision of the motormotor is determined by the is determined by the number of number of full stepsfull steps (or just steps) per revolution. (or just steps) per revolution.

A fine-resolution A fine-resolution stepperstepper might have 200 steps/rev. might have 200 steps/rev. (1.8 deg./step).(1.8 deg./step).

FeaturesFeatures

Product name: NEMA 17HD hybrid stepping motorProduct name: NEMA 17HD hybrid stepping motor Step angle: 1.8 or 0.9°Step angle: 1.8 or 0.9° Body length: 28, 34,38,40,44,48mmBody length: 28, 34,38,40,44,48mm Shaft style: single or doubleShaft style: single or double Lead wires: 4 or 6Lead wires: 4 or 6 with low noise, high torque, and stable performance. with low noise, high torque, and stable performance. Voltage Rating 12V(dc)Voltage Rating 12V(dc) 2 Phase 2 Phase UNIPOLAR OperationUNIPOLAR Operation

1.8° Step Angle1.8° Step Angle

Applying the correct electrical pulse sequence to the Applying the correct electrical pulse sequence to the windings of the stepper motor results in a 1.8° step windings of the stepper motor results in a 1.8° step angle rotation of the spindle (i.e. 200 steps per angle rotation of the spindle (i.e. 200 steps per revolution). revolution).

Step AngleStep Angle

Step angle is the minimum degree of rotation Step angle is the minimum degree of rotation associated with a single stepassociated with a single step

To calculate: divide 360 by number of steps a motor To calculate: divide 360 by number of steps a motor takes to complete one revolution.takes to complete one revolution.

Stepper Motor rotating in full mode takes 4 steps to Stepper Motor rotating in full mode takes 4 steps to complete a revolutioncomplete a revolution

Step / Sec = RPM * Steps Per Revolution/60Step / Sec = RPM * Steps Per Revolution/60 So step angle can be calculated as...So step angle can be calculated as... Step Angle ø = 360° / 4 = 90°Step Angle ø = 360° / 4 = 90°

Basic Step Motor System

controller Driver Motor

DescriptionDescription

Controller will give output sequences Controller will give output sequences according to X_Y movement of mouse that according to X_Y movement of mouse that motor will follow. motor will follow.

Driver’s function is to control magnitude Driver’s function is to control magnitude and direction of current flow into the and direction of current flow into the motor windings.motor windings.

All step motor operate through the All step motor operate through the principle of the rotor following rotating principle of the rotor following rotating magnetic field created by sequencing the magnetic field created by sequencing the flow of current through stator windings.flow of current through stator windings.

Driver IC ULN2803Driver IC ULN2803

8-bit, 50V, 8-bit, 50V, 500mA ,TTL-input 500mA ,TTL-input NPN Darlington NPN Darlington driver. driver.

Current sinking.Current sinking.

STEP MODES

Stepper motor: "step modes" include

Full, Half and Micro step. Full Step

Standard (hybrid) stepping motors have 200 rotor teeth, or 200 full steps per revolution of the motor. shaft. Dividing the 200 steps into the 360º's rotation equals a 1.8º full step angle.


HALF STEP Half step simply means that the motor is rotating at

400 steps per revolution.

MICROSTEP AMS microstepers are capable of rotating at 1/256 of

a step (per step), or over 50,000 steps per revolution.

Two Phase Stepper MotorsTwo Phase Stepper Motors Unipolar Stepper Motor:Unipolar Stepper Motor:

Five or six wires and four coils(actually two coils divided by center connection on each coil)Five or six wires and four coils(actually two coils divided by center connection on each coil) Center connections of the coils used as the power connection.Center connections of the coils used as the power connection. They are called unipolar steppers because power always comes in on this one pole.They are called unipolar steppers because power always comes in on this one pole.

Bipolar stepper motor:Bipolar stepper motor:

Four wires coming out of it.Four wires coming out of it. No comman center connection.No comman center connection. Two independent sets of coils. Two independent sets of coils.

))

Bipolar v/s Unipolar Unipolar• Simple driving circuit because no current reversal.Simple driving circuit because no current reversal.• Size comparatively larger for same specification as Size comparatively larger for same specification as

bipolar.bipolar.

BipolarBipolar Smaller sizeSmaller size Higher torqueHigher torque Complex driving circuit because current has to be Complex driving circuit because current has to be

reversereverse

.

main

Configure the 8 IO port pin as output

Configure IOPDATA for writing those port pin

AA

Out 66 on port pinsOut 66 on port pins

Initialise counter=0Initialise counter=0

Rotate the sequenceRotate the sequence

Apply it to port pinsApply it to port pins

AA

BB

CC

Is counter<4Is counter<4

stopstop

BB CC

NoNo

CONCLUSION & FUTURE CONCLUSION & FUTURE PLANPLAN

ACHIEVED RESULTACHIEVED RESULT

Input Interface:Input Interface: At input interface we got a error At input interface we got a error

command instead of command instead of acknowledgement command.acknowledgement command.

For getting acknowledgement For getting acknowledgement command we try to modify our code.command we try to modify our code.

But after modification we even But after modification we even couldn’t able to receive CLK from couldn’t able to receive CLK from mousemouse


Output Interface:Output Interface: We were tried to interface stepper We were tried to interface stepper

motor to arm board & we were motor to arm board & we were generated only sequence for stepper generated only sequence for stepper motor. motor.

FUTURE PLANNINGFUTURE PLANNING

The arm board accept 3 Byte information The arm board accept 3 Byte information from mouse, that 3 Byte perform different from mouse, that 3 Byte perform different operation. operation.

We may add following features to our We may add following features to our project for controlling plotter Pen project for controlling plotter Pen movement by PS/2 mouse button.movement by PS/2 mouse button.

We will Provide following functionality to We will Provide following functionality to mouse buttons:mouse buttons:

1] Scaling key (LEFT BUTTON)1] Scaling key (LEFT BUTTON) 2] Pause key (RIGHT BUTTON)2] Pause key (RIGHT BUTTON) 3] Enter key (MIDDLE BUTTON)3] Enter key (MIDDLE BUTTON)


In future we will try to sense the In future we will try to sense the button position value of PS/2 mouse.button position value of PS/2 mouse.

According to PS/2 mouse movement According to PS/2 mouse movement stepper motor will move in forward stepper motor will move in forward or in reverse direction. or in reverse direction.


When Scaling key (Left Button) will be When Scaling key (Left Button) will be press ones ,pen will be raise & move to press ones ,pen will be raise & move to scaling point P1/ P2 on plotter, when again scaling point P1/ P2 on plotter, when again press pen is lower.press pen is lower.

When Pause key will be press execution of When Pause key will be press execution of program will be halt, by again pressing program will be halt, by again pressing key, program will be executed.key, program will be executed.

By pressing middle button scaling point By pressing middle button scaling point will be set. will be set.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

This Project is very challenging, This Project is very challenging, interesting, motivating.interesting, motivating.

The actual objective of our Project is to The actual objective of our Project is to move the plotter according to X-Y position move the plotter according to X-Y position of PS/2 mouse. of PS/2 mouse.

But actual achievement in our project is But actual achievement in our project is input interface of the mouse with AX4510 input interface of the mouse with AX4510 Board.Board.


We were implemented mouse We were implemented mouse initialization codeinitialization code

For output we were implemented For output we were implemented

software for stepper motor .software for stepper motor .

With the help of this we were trying With the help of this we were trying to generate the sequence of motor to generate the sequence of motor on LED & we got the sequence.on LED & we got the sequence.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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PS2 Protocol

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