Protozoa Powerpoint
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alantidium coli
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Largest protozoa invading man
Commonly seen in feces of pigs
Habitat: Cecum
Pathology: Ulceration of cecal mucosa
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GENUS AND SPECIES Balantidium coli
DISEASE PRODUCED Balantidiasis
INFECTIVE STAGE Cyst
DEFINITIVE HOST Man
PORTAL ENTRY Mouth
MANNER OF TRANSMISSION Ingestion of MATURE CYSTHABITAT Cecum
PATHOGENIC STAGE Troppozoite
LOCOMOTIVE APPARATUS Cilia
MOTILITY Directional tumbling motolity
PATHOGENESIS Lytic Necrosis
MODE OF REPRODUCTION Transverse binary fission
TYPE OF ENCYSTMENT Protective only
OTHER CHARACTERISTIC Dysenteric Water
TREATMENT METRONIDAZOLE
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Isospora belli
Sarcocystis hominis
Sarcocystis lindemanni
Toxoplasma gondii
Cryptosporidium parvum
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Intracellular parasite with no definitiveorgan of locomotion
Life cycle is characterized bu alterationor generation
Schizogony: asexual cycle occuring atintermediate host
Sporogony: sexual cycle occuring atdefinitive host
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Oocyst : elongated, double walled, with
narrowing at one side (papaya shaped) With sporoblast: inside the oocyst (thus
immature oocyst); maybe single or
double nucleus; secretes cyst wallforming sporocyst inside the oocyst
The nucleus of sporocyst divides into fourforming sporozoites
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GENUS AND SPECIES Isospora belli
DISEASE PRODUCED Human Coccidiosis
INTERMEDIATE HOST Man
DEFINITIVE HOST ManINFECTIVE STAGE Mature Oocyst
PATHOGENIC STAGE Trophozoite, merozoite,sporozoite
PORTAL OF ENTRY Mouth
MANNER OF TRANSMISSION Ingestion of mature oocyst
HABITAT Distal duodenum and proximaljejunum
PATHOGENESIS Abdominal Pain, Mucoid Diarrhea
DIAGNOSTIC APPEARANCE Neck-like apperance of oocyst
MODE OF REPRODUCTION Binary Fission
Oocyst 8 banana shaped sporozoites
Sarcocyst None
TREATMENT Co-trimazole, pyrimethamine andsulfadiozone
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INTESTINAL SARCOCYTIS INFECTION Caused by S. hominis
Produces oocyst
Man is DH
Cattle and Pig are IH
EXTRAINTESTINAL SARCOCYTIS INFECTION
Caused by S. lindemanni Produces sarcocyst
Man is IH
DH is unknown
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GENUS AND SPECIES Sarcocystis hominis Sarcocystis lindemanni
DISEASE PRODUCED Intestinal sarcocystis Extraintestinal sarcocystis,Sarcosporodiosis
INTERMEDIATE HOST Cattle and Pig Man
DEFINITIVE HOST Man UNKOWN (Cat and Dog)
INFECTIVE STAGE Sarcocyst Mature Oocyst
PATHOGENIC STAGE Merozoite Merozoite, Sporozoite
PORTAL OF ENTRY Mouth Mouth
MANNER OF
TRANSMISSION
Ingestion of improperly cook beef
or pork
Ingestion of improperly cooked
pork or beef contaminated withfeces of cat and dog
HABITAT Intestine in lamina propia Intestine
PATHOGENESIS Destruction of the epithelia of theintestine
Destruction of vascularepithelium, inflammation of
muscle, Hypersensitivity reaction
DIAGNOSTICAPPEARANCE
Straited wall of sarcocyst due tothin villi
With merozoite and tachyzoite
Oocyst Identical to Isospora belli Same
Sarcocyst Contain metrocyst (large roundcell)
With metrocyst found in skeletalmuscle and cardiac muscle of
man
TREATMENT Similar to Isospora belli No specific treatment
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Reproduction is by endogeny: division in
which 2 daughter trophozoites are
formed within he parent cell
Domestic cat can produce the highly
infectious oocyst
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TROPHOZOITE: 4-8 x 2-3 um Pyriform or cresentic in shape; one end is more
rounded than the other with spherical or ovoid
nucleus CYST: 100 um in diameter
Contain 50 to several thousands of bradyzoites
CW is eosinophilic, argyrophilic and isually
weakly PAS (+) OOCYST:10 x 12 um
Has 2 layers with 2 sporocyst and each sporocystcontain 4 sporozoites
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GENUS AND SPECIES Toxoplasma gondii
DISEASE PRODUCED Toxoplasmosis
INTERMEDIATE HOST Man
DEFINITIVE HOST CatINFECTIVE STAGE Trophozoite, Oocyst, Cyst
PORTAL OF ENTRY Mouth
MANNER OF TRANSMISSION Ingestion, Transplacental,inhalation
HABITAT Tissue
PATHOGENESIS Grow in eyes, brain, skeletalmuscle, localized proliferation,immunologic hypersensitivity
MODE OF REPRODUCTION Endodyogeny
Oocyst Oocystred stainYeast- Green in AFS
Sarcocyst None
TREATMENT Same as crypto
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MORPHOLOGY:
Trophozoite and Schizont: 2-5 um attachedto host cell membrane
Oocyst: 4-5 um with sporozoites but WITHOUTSPROCYST
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GENUS AND SPECIES Cryptosporidium parvum
DISEASE PRODUCED Crytosporidiosis
INTERMEDIATE HOST Man
DEFINITIVE HOST ManINFECTIVE STAGE Matue Oocyst
MANNER OF TRANSMISSION Ingestion of Mature Oocyst
HABITAT Brush border of the stomach,intestine and gallbladder
PATHOGENESIS Destruction of host cell
DIAGNOSTIC APPEARANCE Without sporocyst, schizont,produce 8 falciform merozoite
MODE OF REPRODUCTION Merogony
Oocyst 4 sporozoite without sporocystSarcocyst none
TREATMENT Spirimycin, pyrimethamine,sulfadiozone, somatostatin
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Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium falciparum
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Required transmission with insect vectorsgenerally Anopheles mosquito which
carries the sporogony cycle Schizogony cycle occurs in man thus IH
Anopheles Mosquito is the DH
Invades RBC and causes MALARIA
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Life span- more than one month
Generally cant fly above 2 meters from
the ground Female mosquito suck blood of anima
(needs hemoglobin for ovi production)
Generally night suckers (6pm to 4am) Breed on water that are slow running,
clean water
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GENUS AND SPECIES PLASMODIA
DEFINITIVE HOST ANOPHELES MOSQUITO
INFECTIVE STAGE TO DH Gametocyte
LIFECYCLE IN DH Sprogonic cycleEND PRODUCT Sprozoite
INTERMEDIATE HOST Man
INFECTIVE STAGE TO IH Sporozoite
PORTAL OF ENTRY Skin
LIFE CYCLE IN IH Schozogonic cycle
END PRODUCT Merozoite
MANNER OF TRANSMISSION Mosquito bite, blood transfusion,transplacental
MEANS OF LOCOMOTION NoneHABITAT RBC, Liver cell
PATHOGENIC STAGE Trophozoite, Merozoite
PATHOGENESIS Tissue Anoxia
GENUS AND SPECIES P vivax P ovale
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GENUS AND SPECIES P. vivax P. ovale
DISEASE PRODUCED Benign Tertian Ovale Malaria
PAROXYSM 48 hours 48 hours
TYPE OF RBC Reticulocyte Retuculocyte
SCHIZOGONIC CYCLE:
YOUNG TROPHOZOITE Normal Size RBC, Ring form
GROWING TROPHOZOITE Slightly enlarged RBC, looseamoeboid cytoplasm
Presence of stippling
MATURE TROPHOZOITE
YOUNG SCHIZONT Enlarged RBC, 2 chromatindots
GROWING SCHIZONT 3-11 chromatin dots
MATURE SCHIZONT Enlarged RBC, 12-24 CDhaphazardly arranged
TOTAL NUMBER OFMEROZOITE
12-24
MICROGAMETOCYTE Enlarged RBC, Mass ofchromatin dots located
centrally
MACROGAMETOCYTE Enlarged RBC, CD locatedperipheraly
STIPPLING SCHUFFNERS DOTS JamesDots
GENUS AND SPECIES P malariae P Falciparum
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GENUS AND SPECIES P. malariae P. Falciparum
DISEASE PRODUCED Quartan malaria Malignant Tertian, subtertian
PAROXYSM 72 hours 36-48 hours
TYPE OF RBC Old RBC All stages
SCHIZOGONIC CYCLE:
YOUNG TROPHOZOITE Normal Size RBC, Singlechromatin dot with bib-like
cytoplasm
Normal RBC, pleomorphicform
GROWING TROPHOZOITE Presence of stippling Presence of stippling
MATURE TROPHOZOITE
YOUNG SCHIZONT
GROWING SCHIZONT 3-5 chromatin dots 3-7 chromatin dots
MATURE SCHIZONT Normal size RBC, 6-12 CDarranged in rossete
18-24-32 cd
TOTAL NUMBER OFMEROZOITE 6-12 18-24-32
MICROGAMETOCYTE Kidney bean shaped, diffuseCD
MACROGAMETOCYTE Crescent shaped, compactCD
STIPPLING Ziemannsdots Maurerr, Christopher,Granham dots
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