Booster Cogging Bob Zwaska University of Texas at Austin Bill Pellico FNAL.
Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL...
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Transcript of Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL...
![Page 1: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Proton Plans at Fermilab
Robert Zwaska - Fermilab
Science and Engineering at Henderson-
DUSEL Capstone WorkshopStony Brook University
May 5, 2006
Outline
I. Introduction to the accelerator complex
II. Planned and possible upgrades
III. Proton power projections
![Page 2: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Making Neutrino Beams• Two operating beams at Fermilab
– Use 8 or 120 GeV protons– Secondaries produced with solid target and focused
• A rough figure of merit: proton power on target– Average current × Beam energy– 120 GeV beam does better
• Other factors (not covered):– Neutrino beam elements & design– Detector size & design
NuMI
![Page 3: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Main Injector Today
Batch 1 (PBar)
Batch 2
Batch 3
Batch 4
Batch 5
Batch 6
Booster
Main Injector
• Provides high power, 120 GeV proton beam– 80 kW for antiproton production– 170 kW for neutrino production
• Takes 6 or 7 batches from the 8 GeV Booster @ 15 Hz– 4-5 × 1012 protons per Booster batch
• Total cycle time ≥ 1.467 s + batches/15
NuMI
![Page 5: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Past-Year NuMI Running• Average power of 165 kW in the last few months
• Maximum beam power of 270 kW down the NuMI line (stably for ~ ½ hour)
• Peak intensity of 3×1013 ppp on the NuMI target
Pro
ton s
per
pu
l se
(10
1 2)
May 1 ‘05
10
20
30
March 1‘06
Pow
er (
kW)
100
May 1‘05
March 1‘06
200
300
![Page 6: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1st Booster Batch Injected into MI
2nd Booster Batch
Merged bunch train in MI
E
1st Batch 2nd Batch
Decelerate
Accelerate
Time
• Merge two booster batches through RF manipulations
K. Seiya et. al., PAC2003
Slip-stacking (Proton Plan)
Doubles the azimuthal charge in the Main InjectorBooster loading time is doubled
→ 440 kW of protons
![Page 7: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SnuMI: Recycler as an 8 GeV proton accumulator
• After the Collider program is terminated, we can use the Recycler as a proton accumulator
– Booster batches are injected at 15 Hz rep rate
• Accumulate protons from the Booster while MI is running
– save 0.4 s for each 6 Booster batches injected
• Can also slip-stack beam in the Recycler
– Up to 12 Booster batches injected (save 0.8 s)
• 5.4×1013 ppp every 1.467 s → 700 kW
D. McGinnis, Beams-doc-1782, 2138
![Page 8: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SNuMI: Momentum stacking in the Accumulator
• After the Collider program is terminated, we can also use the Accumulator
in the Anti-proton Source as a proton accumulator
– Momentum stack 4 (3) Booster in Accumulator batches every 267 (200) ms
– Limit Booster batch size to ~ 4×1012 protons
– Box Car stack in the Recycler
– Load in a new Accumulator batch every 267 (200) ms
• 6 Accumulator (24 or 18 Booster) batches
in Recycler
• Load the Main Injector in a single turn
• 9.1×1013 every 1.6 s → 1.1 MW
– 7.2×1013 every 1.33 s → 1.0 MW
D. McGinnis, Beams-doc-1782, 2138
![Page 9: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
High Intensity Neutrino Source• 8 GeV Superconducting Linac as replacement for Booster
– Nominal injection charge ~1.5×1014 ppp
• Cycling every 1.4 s corresponds to a beam power of 2 MW at 120 GeV– Requires major upgrades to Main Injector RF
• Significant MI RF and magnet upgrades could reduce acceleration time– Maybe up to 4 MW
![Page 10: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Proton Power Projections
• Proton plan (in progress)– Ramp to 440 kW in 2009
• Recycler/Accumulator upgrades (in design – not approved yet)– One year shutdown in 2010
– Ramp to 1.1 MW (700 kW) in 2012
• High Intensity Neutrino Source (under consideration)– 2 MW sometime in the future
0200400600800
100012001400160018002000
Pea
k B
eam
Po
wer
(k
W)
2006 2008 2010 2012 20xx
Note: ~ 1.7×107 s/yr (effective, at peak power)
![Page 11: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Lowering the primary proton energy ?
D. Wolff
Injection dwell time 80 ms Flattop time 50 ms Maximum dp/dt 240 GeV/s
120 GeV, 1.34 s
50 GeV, 0.81 s
40 GeV, 0.73 s
30 GeV, 0.62 s
this is achievable now (conservative) limit injection dwell time to ~ 30 ms ? faster down ramp ?
![Page 12: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Proton Energy Scaling• Reducing proton beam energy does not results in an equal reduction in cycle time
– Worst for cases where Booster is heavily utilized
• Neutrino beams based on lower-energy protons will have lower beam power
0
500
1000
1500
2000
20 40 60 80 100 120
Primary Proton Energy (GeV)
Pea
k B
eam
Pow
er (
kW
)
CurrentProton PlanRecyclerAccumulatorHINS
![Page 13: Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska - Fermilab Science and Engineering at Henderson- DUSEL Capstone Workshop Stony Brook University May 5, 2006 Outline.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e9e5503460f94b9fd87/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Conclusions• Fermilab proton complex can be upgraded to produce a Neutrino Superbeam
– 320 kW peak (250 kW ave.) available today
– 440 kW upgrades are in progress • Proton Plan → E. Prebys et al.
– 700 kW & 1.1 MW upgrades are under study (likely?)• SNuMI → A. Marchionni et al.
– ≥ 2 MW beams are under consideration• HINS → G. Appolinari et al.
• Primary proton energy needs to be understood– Lowering proton energy below 120 GeV always reduces the beam power on target
• Neutrino beam production needs to be considered– There is no beamline to Henderson
– Does not need to be a conventional beam:• Neutrino Factory (A. Tollestrup et al.)
• Beta Beam (A. Jansson)