Protists Ch.25.

25
Protists Ch.25

description

Protist Diverse Eukaryotes Uni or multicelled Varying body plans and movement

Transcript of Protists Ch.25.

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Protists

Ch.25

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Protist

DiverseEukaryotesUni or multicelledVarying body plans and movement

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History

First eukaryotic organisms on Earth about 2 byaKingdom Protista (greek for first)

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Classifying Protists

Based on feeding:1. Animal-like protists - heterotrophs2. Plant-like protists - photosynthesis

(autotrophs)3. Fungus-like protists - external

digestion (decomposer/parasite)

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Characterized By:

Body plan (uni or multicellular)Means of obtaining food (autotrophs vs heterotrophs)Motility (flagella, cilia, or pseudopods)

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Reproduction

Most asexually: (genetically identical) binary fission multiple fission

Sexually conjugation

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Animal-like Protist4 Phyla:

1. Sarcomastigophora (zooflagellates)2. Protozoa (sarcodines)3. Ciliophora (ciliates)4. Apicomplexa (sporozoans)

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Zooflagellates

Swim w/ flagella (long whip-like tails)

Have 1 or 2

Sexual or AsexualMany are free livingSome parasitesEx: Trypanosoma, African sleeping sickness

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Sarcodines

Move thru pseudopods (“false feet”)– Extensions of cytoplasm– Prey on smaller cells

(bacteria)

AsexualExs: Amoebas, formanifera

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CiliatesMove cilia (hairs)Ponds and slow moving streamsAsexualSome conjugate (exchange genetic material) - not repro.Exs: Paramecium

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Characteristics

PellicleOral grooveMouth poreGullett

Anal poreContractile VacuolesMacronucleusMicronucleus

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Sporozoan

Parasites4000 adult forms with no locomotionComplex life cycle (both asexual and sexual)SporozoitesEx: Plasmodium (malaria)

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Animal Like Protist Diseases

MalariaAfrican sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma)Amebic dysentery (Entamoeba)Giardia

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Plant-like Protists

Phyla:1. Euglenophyta (Euglenophytes)2. Chrysophyta (Chrysophytes/Golden Algae)3. Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)4. Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates)5. Rhodophyta (Red Algae)6. Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)7. Chlorophyta (Green Algae)

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Euglenophytes

Flagella, chloroplast, no cell wall, eyespotChange shapeBinary fissionSwimmersExs: Euglena

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ChrysophytesYellow-green algae, golden brown algaeGold colored chloroplastsMost live in freshwater/few in marineCan form cyst in harsh conditions

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Diatoms

Cells walls of silicon (glass)Patterns & lines etched in glass cell walls (shine)Producers in freshwater marine websRelease atmospheric oxygen

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Dinoflagellates

2 flagellaCell walls (looks like armor)Luminescent (give off light)Red Tide (toxic)

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Red Algae

Deep in oceansMost multi-celledForm coral reefsPhotosyntheticMost marine seaweeds

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Brown Algae

Dark yellow, brown colorLargest & most complex algaeMuti-celled, marine, cool temp waterEx: Kelp, Sargassum, Rockweed

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Green Algae

PhotosyntheticCell wall = cellulose# of body forms (single celled, colonies, filaments, and multicellularExs: Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Ulva

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Phytoplankton

Photosynthetic protists near ocean surfaceHalf of photo on Earth

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Fungus-like Protists

TypesPhyla:1. Myxomycota (Slime Molds)2. Oomycota (Water Molds)

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Slime Molds

Damp, rich organic matter (forest floor, compost)Forms stalks with sporesRecycle organic material

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Water Mold

Eat dead matter in water (like dead fish with white fuzz)Caused great potato famine in Ireland