Protist Notes

Get your bacteria graphic organizer out and number it journal #6

What is a Protist?

• Member of the protist kingdom, eukaryotes.

Protist Kingdom

3 Types of Protists

1. Animal like protists

A. Called protozoansB. unicellular heterotrophsC. Grouped by how they

move

1. Flagella2. Cilia3. psuedopods

4. No movement at all

2. Plant like Protists

A. called:AlgaeB. Description: unicellular

and multicellular autotrophsC. no roots, stems, or leaves

D. a key characteristic used to classify algae are the

photosynthetic pigments they contain

3. Fungus like Protists

A. decomposers

B. Unlike true fungi, fungus like protists lack true cell walls

2. Amoeba

A.Move with psuedopods: false feet1. Cell shape changes

constantly

B. Engulf food with psuedopods

forming food vacuoles C. Live in water and moist

soil D. Contractile vacuole pumps out excess water E. Reproduce asexually by splitting: binary fission

Section 20-2

Figure 20-4 An Amoeba

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Contractile vacuole

Nucleus

Psuedopods

Food vacuole

Endoplasm

Ectoplasm

Animal like Protists-Protozoans

1. Euglena

A. Also known as the flagellates B. Have one or more flagella which move back & forth C. Absorb food through their cell membranes D. live in moist environments

E. Can be free living: flagellate which lives in the gut of termites helping them to break down wood

F. Can reproduce asexually by binary fission

or sexually by gametes

Gullet

Chloroplast

NucleusEyespotFlagella

Section 20-3

Euglena

Pellicle

Contractile vacuole

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3. Ciliates

A. move by beating ciliaB. Live in aquatic

environments C. Are free living-not parasites D. Reproduce by:

1. binary fission 2. Conjugation-not

actually reproduction, pieces of genetic info are exchanged so more diversity when binary fission happens

E. complex nuclei2 nuclei

1. Macronucleus-everyday operations2. Micronucleus-reproduction

F. Contractile vacuole:pumps out excess water

G. Oral groove:like a mouth

H. Gullet: encloses food like a stomach, makes up a food vacuole I. Anal pore:wastes are removed J. Example: Paramecium

Anal pore

GulletOral groove

TrichocystsLysosomes

Food vacuoles

Contractile vacuole

Micronucleus

MacronucleusCilia

Section 20-2

Figure 20-5 A Ciliate

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What do all 3 of these organisms have in common that enable them to control their day to day functions?

NUCLEUS

Sporozoans

A.Cannot move

B.spores are their reproductive cells

C.Have complex life cycles including hosts

D.Ex: Plasmodium- carries malaria 1. Reproduce in mosquito's

2. Spores are injected while feeding

3. spores are released into the blood

Plasmodium undergoes several stages of development in mosquito’s body

Section 20-2

Figure 20-7 The Life Cycle of Plasmodium

Mosquito bites human, injecting saliva that contains Plasmodium sporozoites

Plasmodium sporozoites

Sporozoites infect liver cells

Liver

Infected liver cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells that infect red blood cells

Plasmodium cells

Red blood cells

Infected red blood cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells; some can infect other red blood cells, and others can infect mosquitoes

Anopheles mosquito bites infected human and picks up Plasmodium cells

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Quiz #3

Protists

1. Some unicellular organisms are motile (have the ability to move) and some are nonmotile. Which cellular structures are associated with movement?

A.Ribosomes B. Flagella C. Chloroplasts D.Vacuoles

2. These organelles pump out excess water. A. lysosomes C. gullet B. pellicle D. contractile vacuole

3. Which organism contains a nucleus? A. amoeba C. euglena

E. only A & C B. paramecium D. all

4. Amoebas reproduce by: A. conjugation C. sexual reproduction B. binary fission D. expansion

5. The one-celled eukaryotic organisms shown to the right are often found in freshwater ponds. What is one characteristic they all have in common?

A.      Flagellum

B.       Nucleus

C.      Cilia

D.      Pseudopodia

Quiz #2

Protists Cont.

1. True/false: Euglena move with cilia.

2. The gullet, anal pore, and oral groove make up the paramecium’s: A. reproductive system C. digestive system B. nervous system D. circulatory system

3. Which organism contains 2 nuclei? A. amoeba C. euglena

B. paramecium D. sporozoan

4. Which groups of protozoans are considered parasitic? A. Sarcodines C. Sporozoans B. Ciliates D. Algae

5. Which encloses food like a stomach? A. oral groove B. gullet C. lysosome

D. vacuole

Journal #5

1. Describe the steps necessary to make a microscope slide.