PROTEIN UNFOLDS ANDREFOLDS FOR NEW FUNCTION

AND

BRAIN VARIANTS OF PROTEINASSOCIATED WITH HUNTINGTON'S AND

OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVEDISEASES IDENTIFIED

By

Maria Alejandra Lugo Posada

Medical Student

27/08/12

INTRODUCTION

The gene translation is the step of the information carried by the RNAm to protein; The last step is traducction embodying the information contained in the DNA, by decoding order that finally determines the sequence of specific polypeptide chains.

There are some differences between protein synthesis in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells: In eukaryotic protein synthesis, it is usually the cytoplasmatic ribosomes that translate nuclear genes. the ribosomes of eukaryotic cells are larger and contain more rRNA and protein molecules than those of prokaryotes. in addition, eukaryotes have more initiation factors and a more complex initiation procedure.

The proteins are active mediators in most cellular processes, carrying out the functions determined by the information encoded in the DNA.

adequate protein synthesis is of great importance, since large quantities of diseases are associated with abnormal synthesis these.

Here we will see some news about the proper role of the proteins for their proper folding, and consequences of polymorphisms.

PROTEIN UNFOLDS ANDREFOLDS FOR NEW

FUNCTION

So that should work correctly folded proteins in a right way, and there are certain folds that are more favorable than others.In protein folding are two common types: and are the alpha and beta structure:

•alpha structure in the molecule is coiled in a helix.•beta structure in the hydrogen bonds are formed between different parts of the chain more or less parallel to each other. and going in the same direction and in the opposite direction.

DNA directed RNA synthesis

RNA directs protein synthesis

Protein folding

Protein performs its functions:•Catalyze chemical reactions•Transmits information between specific cells•Participates in the immune system•CONTROLS GENE EXPRESSION

Shows that RfaH is even more effective as a

translation factor -- about 100 times more

powerful than it is as a transcription factor.

Because RfaH has more power during translation

because it recruits the ribosome molecule under

circumstances when there isn't enough

information in the mRNA for the ribosome to do

its protein construction.

Normally the ribosome binds to a specific sequence. If

there is no sequence, it doesn't know where

to bind. Is believed that the ribosome recognizes RfaH instead of this

sequence and starts translation.

RfaH can interact with the ribosome

once it refolds.it can bind to both

the RNA polymerase and the ribosome at the same time and link them together

OBSERVATION

An extremely important step in gene translation is the

folding of the protein, since the level agree having

structure and shape as the fold meet or no function, as

is the case RfaH protein that can fulfill two different

functions when folded in two ways different.

we know that proteins are very large and complex

molecules, and each amino acid that composes this at a

specific site, agree to the information of DNA, which

gives the protein necessary for one structure what role

(primary structure, secondary, tertiary and quaternary).

BRAIN VARIANTS OF PROTEIN ASSOCIATED WITH HUNTINGTON’S AND OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVES DISEASES

IDENTIFIED

Was discovered a large new region in

the genetic code of the protein PGC-

1alpha. Previously unknown variations

of the protein, which can be found

specifically in the brain, are produced

from this region

A PROMOTER:

Is a DNA segmente usually occurring upstream

from a gene that can ultimately control how that

gene is expressed as a protein. The transmission of

genetic information from DNA to RNA molecules,

i.e. transcription, is an important intermediate step

in this process.

.

Was demonstrated that these

previously unknown transcripts

are produced specifically in

human brain cells and are at

least as common there as the

reference transcripts.

NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

Are diseases without evidence of

exogenous injury (infection, ischemia,

trauma, etc.).

Preferred systemic involvement of one or

several neural systems (substantia nigra, hippocampus,

etc)

Are progressive character.

Prevalence increases with

age.

The cause of neurodegenerative diseases is often unknown, but is close relationship with l protein

variation, such as of the PGC-1alpha protein.

OBSERVATION

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's

and Alzheimer's, are diseases affecting much of the population, and are

diseases that have no cure, only methods found that prevented me to

progress so fast, for it is great importance the investigation of causes of

these diseases, in order to guide research in a better way. The discovery

of the variation in the PGC-1alpha protein, provides a way of research.

MEDICAL UTILITY

PROTEIN UNFOLDS ANDREFOLDS FOR NEW FUNCTION

The results about the folding of the

protein have significant implications for

studies of gene expression control and

protein structure.

MEDICAL UTILITY

PROTEIN UNFOLDS ANDREFOLDS FOR NEW FUNCTION

In some cases is inefficient translation and in such

cases proteins are needed to help in this process, as

is the case Genes that control bacterial virulence are

famous for being designed in a way that makes their

translation very inefficient -- hence, they need

specialized proteins to help their expression

MEDICAL UTILITYBRAIN VARIANTS OF PROTEIN ASSOCIATED WITH HUNTINGTON’S AND OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVES DISEASES IDENTIFIED

The protein PGC-1 alpha is a protein with many essential functions in our

body, but is also associated with diseases neurodegenerative wherefore it

is of great clinical importance because in a way that guides the study for

the cure of these diseases.

MEDICAL UTILITYBRAIN VARIANTS OF PROTEIN ASSOCIATED WITH HUNTINGTON’S AND OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVES

DISEASES IDENTIFIED

The promoter is a control element, which is recognized

by the RNA polymerase to begin transcription, and found

a new promoter that is active in the nervous system, and

which interferes with transcription to the gene coding for

protein PGC-1 alpha, so we see that in this study of

neurodegenerative diseases is also of great importance

to study the promoters.

REFERENCES

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Argentina.2007. 161 p.

• CLARK, D. Molecular Biology. Editoriar Elsevier. California. 2005. Pag 281

• TEIJN, J, M; GUERRIDO,A; BLANCO; D. Fundamentos de bioquímica metabólica.

2° Edición. Editorial Tebar.Madrid.2006 .Pag 321

• MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María. Biología molecular. 7°. ed. Medellín: UPB. Fac.

de Medicina, 2012. 106 p.

• BLAZQUEZ, E. Fundamentos moleculares de la medicina 1. Editorial real

academia nacional de medicina. 161 p.