Protein Proteins Amino Acids€¦ · 1 Proteins Protein • Main function is to build and repair...

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10/2/17 1 Proteins Protein Main function is to build and repair body tissues Must eat protein daily to replace the wear and tear on body tissues. Cannot be stored in the body as protein (it gets converted to fat for energy) Supplies 4 calories per gram (just like Carbs!!) Amino Acids The building blocks of proteins There are 22 amino acids needed in our bodies. Our body manufactures all but 9 of the amino acids it needs. These 9 amino acids are called the essential amino acids. They must be obtained from food. Types of Proteins Complete: contain all 9 of the essential amino acids Comes from animal sources such as meat, chicken, fish, eggs, cheese and milk. (Dairy and Protein groups) Incomplete: contains some, but not all 9 of the essential amino acids Come from plant sources such as grains, dried beans, nuts, and seeds Complementary Proteins 2 incomplete proteins can be combined to create a complementary protein. Complementary protein = a grain + any nut, seed or legume. Example: Peanut butter and whole wheat bread, rice and beans Not Enough Protein? Not enough protein in the diet can cause: Tiredness Weight loss (loss of muscle mass) Lack of energy Stunted growth in children Lowered resistance to disease Liver damage and death (prolonged absence of protein)

Transcript of Protein Proteins Amino Acids€¦ · 1 Proteins Protein • Main function is to build and repair...

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    Proteins

    Protein • Main function is to build and repair body tissues • Must eat protein daily to replace the wear and

    tear on body tissues.

    • Cannot be stored in the body as protein (it gets converted to fat for energy)

    • Supplies 4 calories per gram (just like Carbs!!)

    Amino Acids • The building blocks of proteins • There are 22 amino acids needed in our bodies. • Our body manufactures all but 9 of the amino

    acids it needs.

    • These 9 amino acids are called the essential amino acids. They must be obtained from food.

    Types of Proteins • Complete: contain all 9 of the essential amino

    acids

    – Comes from animal sources such as meat, chicken, fish, eggs, cheese and milk. (Dairy and Protein groups)

    •  Incomplete: contains some, but not all 9 of the essential amino acids

    – Come from plant sources such as grains, dried beans, nuts, and seeds

    Complementary Proteins • 2 incomplete proteins can be combined to create

    a complementary protein.

    • Complementary protein = a grain + any nut, seed or legume.

    • Example: Peanut butter and whole wheat bread, rice and beans

    Not Enough Protein? • Not enough protein in the diet can cause: – Tiredness – Weight loss (loss of muscle mass) –  Lack of energy –  Stunted growth in children –  Lowered resistance to disease –  Liver damage and death (prolonged absence of

    protein)

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    Fats

    Fat • The most concentrated source of food energy • Supplies 9 calories per gram (more than double

    protein and carbs!)

    Functions • Carries Vitamins A, D, E and K through the body • Reserve supply of energy • Promotes healthy skin and normal cell growth • Adds flavor to food • Protects internal organs from shock, injury, or

    temperature changes

    • Satisfies hunger and helps you feel full longer

    Types of Fat • Saturated: Usually solid at room temperature. –  Examples: meat, whole milk, cheese, butter, shortening

    etc.

    • Unsaturated: Usually liquid at room temperature. ”Healthy Fats”

    –  Examples: corn oil, olive oil, olives, avocados, peanuts, and canola oil.

    Cholesterol • A “fat-like” substance present in all body cells that

    is needed for many essential body processes.

    •  It contributes to the digestion of fat and the skin’s production of vitamin D.

    Cholesterol in Foods •  Adults manufacture all the cholesterol they need, mostly

    in the liver.

    •  Animals also have the ability to manufacture cholesterol. •  Because all animals make cholesterol, if you eat any

    animal product, including meat, poultry and fish, you will be consuming some “extra” cholesterol.

    •  Foods high in cholesterol are: Egg Yolks, Liver/ Organ Meats, Some Shellfish, Animal Products

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    Too Much Fat... • Too much fat interferes with digestion • Eventually results in obesity, which causes other

    health problems.

    • High fat diets are linked to… – Cardiovascular Disease – Obesity – Type 2 Diabetes

    Lowering Fat and Cholesterol in Diet

    • Exercise • Replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats in

    the diet

    • Choose lean meats and low-fat dairy products • Steam, boil or bake foods instead of cooking

    them in oil or fat

    • Use plain low-fat Greek yogurt instead of mayo or sour cream

    Milk and Dairy

    Treatment Processes • Pasteurized: Milk that has been treated to

    remove harmful organisms

    • Homogenized: Milk that has had the fat particles broken down and evenly distributed so the fat will not separate from the milk.

    • Milk is fortified with Vitamins A and D.