DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOW COST ABOVE AND BELOW KNEE PROSTHESIS

GUIDED BYDR.K.CHOCKALINGAM

PRESENTED BYJ.GOKULAKRISHNAN(08G20)N.MUTHU MANICKAM(08G56)

INTRODUCTION

The development of different human organ is need in medical field particularly in prosthesis.

Artificial limb is a type of prosthesis that replaces the missing extremity such as legs or arms.

The type of artificial limb depend upon the type of amputation.

India has very large population of above and below limb amputees.

Trauma

6421

1526

901

3389

1216

1481

921

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Mine blast injury

Gun shot wound

Splinter injury

Road traffic accidents

Railway accident

Cold injury

Others

Number of patients

PROSTHESIS:It is an artificial extension of replacing a missing body partA Prosthetist is a person who treats amputated persons.

AMPUTATION:Amputation is the removal of body parts due to trauma or surgeryThe person who undergo Amputation are called Amputees.

ARTIFICIAL LIMBS:An Artificial limb is a type of prosthesis that replaces a missing part such as arms or legs.

TERMINOLOGIES USED

EXOSKELETON TYPE:It is a type of prosthetic limb in which the limb is seen as a whole assembly along with the legIt doesn’t contain any connections between limb and legENDOSKELETON TYPE:It is a type of prosthesis in which the leg is fitted to the limb by means of a pipeThere is no direct contact between limb and leg It is a costly one

Exoskeleton type Endoskeleton type

STUMP:

For accurate fitness of stump with prosthetic limb, the stump should have the following properties, Shape Muscle strength or muscle toneSensory impairmentFull range of motion of parts above the kneeProper mating with the socket

OBJECTIVE OF OUR PROJECT:

Designing the limb in such a way that, it should suit for shrinkage of muscles around stump

Use of a special type of Knee joint instead of Knee lock in above knee prosthesis

Reducing the time of prosthetic manufacturing by using a design a special die arrangement which suits for all type of below knee prosthesis

PROCESS FLOW

Artificial Limb Research Center (ALRC),Dindigul.

Mercury Orthotics ,Madurai.

Dr. RAJAMANI and Dr. PRABAKARAN , Orthotist to get information regarding problems in current scenario.

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION SURVEY SHEET

PROBLEMS REASON EXISTING

METHODOLOGY

PROPOSED

METHODOLOGY

EXPECTED

OUTCOME

POOR

SOCKET FIT

MANUAL

MEASUREMENT

TRIAL AND ERROR

METHOD

USING 3D LASER

SCANNER

COMFORT

FIT

SHRINKAGE

OF

MUSCLES

AGEING NOT CONSIDERED USE OF

CUSHIONING

MATERIALS

AROUND LEFT-

OVER STUMP

REDUCING

PUMPING

ACTION

IMPROPER

LOAD

DISTRIBUTI

ON

POOR SOCKET

DESIGN

NOT CONSIDERED DESIGN

MODIFICATION

BY CONSIDERING

THE EFFECT OF

FORCES

EVEN

DISTRIBUTI

ON OF LOAD

SHORTAGE

OF LIMBS IN

CHILDREN

GROWTH NOT CONSIDERED USE OF

FASTENERS

USE OF

PROSTHETIC

LIMBS FOR

LONG TIME

WITHOUT

CHANGING

SHRINKAGE

OF LIMBS IN

ADULT

WEAKNESS OF

LIMB MUSCLES

NOT CONSIDERED COMBINED EXO

AND ENDO-

SKELETAL

PROSTHETIC

LIMBS

INCREASING

LIFETIME

OF

PROSTHETIC

LIMBS

MOTION OF

PROSTHETIC

LIMBS IN

ABOVE KNEE

PROSTHESIS

KNEE LOCK DIFFERENT LOCK

SYSTEM

HYBRID

PROSTHESIS

INCREASE IN

COMFORTN-

ESS DURING

WALKING

PROPOSED DESIGN FOR RESIDUAL LIMB

CROSS SECTION OF EXISTING ARTIFICIAL LIMB

MODELLED USING SOLIDWORKS

CROSS SECTION OF PROPOSED DESIGN

FEASIBILITY OF PROPOSED DESIGN

Theoretically the design is correct according to prosthetist

But practically the design have some problems

PRACTICAL PROBLEMS

Increase in weight upto 400grams which is practically not advisable for patients.

If there exists any problem in endoskeleton the entire limb has to be modified

Fitting of endoskeleton depend upon exoskeleton shape

PROPOSAL FOR ABOVE KNEE PROSTHESIS

PROBLEMS IN ABOVE KNEE PROSTHESIS Using button type lock system to bend and straighten the knee while using it . It is practically difficult for patients to use while walking and doing their regular work .

SOLUTION FOR PROBLEM Use of HYBRID PROSTHESIS provides the solution for the above problem. Providing KNEE JOINT in exoskeletal type limb It is cheaper and cost effective

REDUCING THE TIME OF MANUFACTURING OF PROSTHETIC LIMBS:

Normally it takes more than a day to design the residual limb using POP mold method

In order to reduce the time of manufacturing we need to go for an alternate method

The alternate can be made by the use of special dies.

The die must be designed in such a way that, the extruded part from the die should be in the same form as that of the residual limb.

This reduces the time of making the limb in relative to POP method because once the die is prepared it can be used for various shapes of the prosthetic limb

COST ANALYSISRoughly the cost estimated for our design on consultation

with prosthetist are as follows.

Below knee prosthesis - Rs 2500Above knee prosthesis with hybrid joint – Rs 4500

The cost of the prosthetic models made by conventional techniques are as follows.

Below knee prosthesis – Rs 1750Above knee prosthesis with knee joint – Rs 6000

GAIT ANALYSIS AND IT’S PHASES:

Gait analysis is the systematic study of animal locomotion, more specific as a study of human motion, using the eye and the brain of observers, augmented by instrumentation for measuring body movements, body mechanics, and the activity of the muscles

Stance PhaseInitial ContactLoading ResponseMid StanceTerminal StancePreswing

Swing PhaseInitial SwingMid SwingTerminal Swing

FUTURE WORKS

FABRICATING THE PROPOSED DESIGN

MAKING GAIT ANALYSIS

“The Jaipur Below Knee Prosthesis Fabrication Manual”. “Disabled Persons in India”, National Sample Survey Organisation Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation Government of India.www.footeducation.com/below-knee-prosthesiswww.thelondonprosthetics.com/patient-education/prosthetic-problems.asp

REFERENCES

22