Prospects for GPD and TMD studies at the JLab Upgrade
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Prospects for GPD and TMD studies at the JLab Upgrade
Volker D. Burkert Jefferson Lab
SIR Workshop – Jefferson Lab, May 17-20, 2005
Introduction JLab Upgrade and CLAS12 GPDs from DVCS and DVMP TMDs from SIDIS and SSA Summary
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z
y
3-D Scotty
x
1-D Scotty
x
prob
abli
tyCalcium
Water
Carbon
2-D Scottyz
x
GPDs, TMDs & PDFs
Deeply Inelastic Scattering,PDFs
This Workshop – GPDs, TMDs
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JLab Upgrade to 12 GeV Energy
CHL-2CHL-2
Enhance equipment in existing halls
Add new Add new hallhall
12 GeV
Beam polarizationPe > 80%
E= 2.2, 4.4, 6.6, 8.8, 11 GeV
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CLAS12 EC
TOF
Cerenkov
Torus
Drift Chambers
Cerenkov
Central Detector
BeamlineIEC
Design luminosity = 1035cm-2s-1
Nearly full angle coverage for tracking and ndetection High luminosity, 1035 cm-2s-1
Concurrent measurement of deeply virtual exclusive, semi-inclusive, and inclusive processes.
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CLAS12
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High Q2, low t ep eK+p event
K+
e-
CLAS12 - Central Detector
p
e-
Silicon tracker, calorimetry, ToF Solenoid magnet,Bcenter = 5 T
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CLAS 12 - Expected Performance Forward Detector Central Detector
Angular coverage: Tracks (inbending) 8o - 40o 40o - 135o
Tracks (outbending) 5o - 40o 40o - 135o Photons 2o - 40o 40o - 135o
Track resolution:p (GeV/c) 0.003p + 0.001p2 pT=0.03pT
(mr) < 1 (>2.5 GeV/c) 8 (1 GeV/c) (mr) < 3 (> 2.5 GeV/c) 2 (1 GeV/c) Photon detection:Energy range > 150 MeV > 60 MeV E/E 0.09(EC)/0.04(IEC) 0.06 (1 GeV)(mr) 4 (1 GeV) 15 (1 GeV)Neutron detection:eff 0.5 (EC), 0.1 (TOF) 0.04 (TOF) Particle id:e/ >>1000 ( < 5 GeV/c) -
>100 ( > 5 GeV/c) -/K (4) < 3 GeV/c (TOF) 0.65 GeV/c
3 - 10 GeV/c (CC)p5 GeV/c (TOF) 1.2 GeV/c
3 - 10 GeV/c (CC)K/p() < 3.5 GeV/c (TOF) 0.9 GeV/c
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Deeply Virtual Exclusive Processes - Kinematics Coverage of the 12 GeV Upgrade
H1, ZEUS
JLab Upgrade
11 GeV
H1, ZEUS
JLab @ 12 G
eV11 GeV27
GeV
200
GeV
W =
2 GeV
Study of high xB domain requires high luminosity
0.7
HERMES
COMPASS
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Q2 > 2.5 GeV2
Forward Detector
Central Detector
ep ep
Acceptance for DVCS, SIDIS
ep e+X
xB = 0.35
EC
IEC
Q2
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Separating GPDs through polarization
LU~ sin{F1H + (F1+F2)H +kF2E}d~
Polarized beam, unpolarized target:
Unpolarized beam, longitudinal target:
UL~ sin{F1H+(F1+F2)(H + … }d~
Unpolarized beam, transverse target:
UT~ sin{k(F2H – F1E) + …. }d
= xB/(2-xB)
k = t/4M2
H, H, E
Kinematically suppressed
H, H~
H, E
A =
=
~
ep ep
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DVCS/BH- Beam Asymmetry
Ee = 11 GeV
ALUALU
E=5.75 GeV
<Q2> = 2.0GeV2
<x> = 0.3<-t> = 0.3GeV2
CLAS preliminary
[rad]
B
LU~ sin{F1H + (F1+F2)H +kF2E}d~~
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CLAS12 - DVCS/BH- Beam Asymmetry
Ee = 11 GeV
Q2=5.5GeV2
xB = 0.35 -t = 0.25 GeV2
Luminosity = 720fb-1
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CLAS12 - DVCS/BH Beam Asymmetry
L = 1x1035
T = 2000 hrsQ2 = 1 GeV2
x = 0.05
E = 11 GeV
Selected Kinematics
Sensitive to GPD H
LU~sinIm{F1H+.}d
e p ep
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GPDs H from expected DVCS ALU data
bval=bsea=1
MRST02 NNLOdistribution
Q2=3.5 GeV2
Other kinematics measured concurrently
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CLAS12 - DVCS/BH Target Asymmetry
e p epLongitudinally polarized
target
~sinIm{F1H+(F1+F2)H...}d~
E = 11 GeVL = 2x1035 cm-2s-1
T = 1000 hrsQ2 = 1GeV2
x = 0.05
CLAS preliminaryE=5.75 GeV
AU
L
<Q2> = 2.5GeV2
<x> = 0.25<-t> = 0.25GeV2
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CLAS12 - DVCS/BH Target Asymmetry
Asymmetry highly sensitive to the u-quark contributions to proton spin.
Transverse polarized target
e p ep
~ sinIm{k1(F2H – F1E) +…}d
Q2=2.2 GeV2, xB = 0.25, -t = 0.5GeV2E = 11 GeVSample kinematics
AUTx Target polarization in scattering plane
AUTy Target polarization perpedicular to scattering plane
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DVCSDVCS DVMPDVMP
GPDs – Flavor separation
hard vertices
hard gluon
Photons cannot separate u/d quarkcontributions.
long. only
M = select H, E, for u/d flavorsM = , K select H, E
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CLAS12 – L/T Separation ep ep
L
T
xB = 0.3-0.4 -t = 0.2-0.3GeV2
Other bins measured concurrently
Projections for 11 GeV(sample kinematics)
Test of Bjorken scaling
Power corrections?
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Exclusive production on transverse target
2 (Im(AB*))/ T
t/4m2) - ReUT
A ~ 2Hu + Hd
B ~ 2Eu + Ed0
K. Goeke, M.V. Polyakov, M. Vanderhaeghen, 2001
Q2=5 GeV2
Eu, Ed needed forangular momentum sum rule. 0
B
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AUT
Exclusive with transverse target
Strong sensitivity to d-quark contributions.
A ~ Hu - Hd
B ~ Eu - Ed
+
CLAS5.7 GeV
n
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J G = 1
1
)0,,q()0,,q(2
1
2
1 xE xHxdxJ q
X. Ji, Phy.Rev.Lett.78,610(1997)
Quark Angular Momentum Sum Rule
With GPDs Hu, Hd, Eu, Ed obtain access to total quark contribution to proton angular momentum. Large x contributions important.
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Wpu(x,k,r) “Parent” Wigner distributions
d 2kT(FT)
GPDs: Hpu(x,,t), Ep
u(x,,t),…
GPD
Measure momentum transfer to nucleon.
Probability to find a quark u in a nucleon P with a certain polarization in a position r and momentum k
TMD PDFs: fpu(x,kT),g1,f┴
1T, h┴1L
d3 r
Measure momentum transfer to quark.
TMD
Transverse Momentum Dependent PDFs (TMDs)
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SIDIS at leading twist
e
e
e
p
p
Sivers transversity
Mulders
Boer
Off-diagonal PDFs vanish if quarks only in s-state! In addition T-odd PDFs require FSI (Brodsky et al., Collins, Ji et al. 2002)
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Originates in the quark distribution. It is measured in the azimuthal asymmetry with transverse polarized target.
Requires: non-trivial phase from theFSI + interference between different helicity states (S. Brodsky)
Azimuthal Asymmetry – Sivers Effect
f1T D1AUT ~ k sins)
T
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SIDIS Azimuthal Asymmetry - Sivers effect
Extraction of Sivers function f1T from asymmetry.
Probes orbital angular momentum of quarks by measuring the
imaginary part of s-p-wave interference in the amplitude.
T(P
/M
)AU
Tsin s
)
T
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CLAS12 - Sivers function from AUT (0)
F1T=∑qeq2f1T
┴qIn large Nc limit:
f1Tu = -f1T
d
Efremov et al(large xB behavior of
f1T from GPD E)
xB xB
CLAS12projected
CLAS12projected
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Azimuthal Asymmetry - Collins Effect
Access to transversity distribution and fragmentation of polarized quarks.
UT ~ k h1H1
sins)
T
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dX(x,b )
T
Eu(x,t)Ed(x,t)
M. Burkardt
Tomographic Images of the Nucleon
uX(x,b )T
flavor polarization
x=0.41.5
0
-1.5
fm
x=0.91
0
-1
fm
X. Ji
u-quark charge density distribution
y
z
CAT scan sliceof human abdomen
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Double DVCS (DDVCS)
Cross section
DVCSasymmetry
DDVCS
DDVC rates reduced by more than factor 200
e-p e-pe+e-
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CLAS12 – Acceptance for DDVCS
p
e-
e-
e+
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Summary
The JLab 12 GeV Upgrade is essential for the study of nucleon structure in the valence region with high precision:
- deeply virtual exclusive processes (DVCS, DVMP) - semi-inclusive meson production with polarized beam and polarized targets
Provide new and deeper insight into - quark orbital angular momentum contributions to the nucleon spin- 3D structure of the nucleon’s interior and correlations- quark flavor polarization- …..
CLAS12 will be world wide the only full acceptance, general purpose detector for high luminosity electron scattering experiments, and is essential for the GPD/TMD program.
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New Collaborators are welcome!
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Additional Slides
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Sivers effect in the target fragmentation
xF<0 (target fragmentation)
xF>0 (current fragmentation)
xF - momentum in the CM frame
Wide kinematic coverage of CLAS12 allows studies of hadronization in the target fragmentation region
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Collins Effect and Kotzinian-Mulders Asymmetry
Measures the Collins fragmentation with longitudinally polarized target. Access to the real part of s-p wave interference amplitudes.
UL ~ k h1LH1KM
T T
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Collins Effect and Kotzinian-Mulders Asymmetry
Measures the Collins fragmentation with longitudinally polarized target. Access to the real part of s-p wave interference amplitudes.
UL ~ (1-y) h1LH1KM
T T
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`
CLAS12 - (1115) Polarization
ep e(pX (SIDIS)
K*(892)K
E = 11 GeV
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polarization in the target fragmentation
p
e
Λ1 2
e’