Prosecutor v. Lelek Zeljko , Verdict (WCS BiH 1st Inst ... · ham to into the riwr rip to thelr...

N U ~ ~ W : X-K-02 Samjmq 23 May 2008

IN THE M E OF B W L 4 AND HERZEGOMNA

me Court of Bosnlo and Hemgwina, W i o n I far War Crlmes, In tho Panel &@ NJu& HUmo Vuflnit! aa the h f d e n f dthe Panel, Jm@e S h i m Awls F i s k and JYdga P d M. Brllmon. as P d membsrs, h rk crhlnai ws aguinst the A& &jko &bk @,the criminol &em of Crlnru agaimt Humanly in vlorotion ofAr~icle 172 (1) @the Criminal Cade @BiH, &MI* on the Indictment @ the Ptvsecntiu'J @ BiH number K t - R ~ ~ ~ i r r g rlro pMk ond min trfal, from which the public wat parfly excluded, In dm presence @the r h e o r qf the Pmecu~or'r Wce Qf BIH, Bafldurka Dodik, and the A d huh Leiek ond dd8nea munselfor the A#ILIL4 aftorngu Fahr* f i r k in and Seio IMj, attomp $vm &q/etm, fl lmvhg c l b l i ~ i a n and Wing, on 23 Mv 208& rendend ond puMaPIrj, o n n o d th@Imtrg:

V E R D I C T ... . THE ACCUSED:

ZEURO LGLEK, son fl h i r and Stom maiden name RadulmrlE, barn on 9 F h t y 196) In Gwrddq miding in Vihgm4 al Jow J~~~lnovIta Zm Ja Stmt, number 2IMI/I. SerbB clulan Qf BIH, prsanai ldent#lmtrrlon number 0902962133642, pol& q&w by o c q w U o ~ & @qwd in /ha VUepd Pollca Jrotlon, gmlllylted f i n high school, marrI4 ~ e t e d m l l i w nrwia in J#A in 1981, didnrged f i m &ki no d ~ t l l o n r , ttwmgeEnoncIa1 rimtian, no prevbtrr canvictionr, na other c r i m i n d ~ i n p p a d h g against him, hpived MIi- on 5 Moy 2004 at OPOO &. .

IS CSUILTY I. Because:

h n g a wkkpmad a d wmnatic a f t d by the Serb army, poliolice and Serb ~ m i I I r a r y f i n n a r i ~ ~ ~ dhctd agoinst Bosniok ctviIlon population in the map of the ViWmd Munlc4mIiry, knowing about the antack, thnqhout April, Adq~, and Juna 1992, as a member qfrk mews fbme of the Publlc Scurriry aatlon IC&egmd he persecuted Bosnlak civilian popular~an on political, nutlono4 ethnical, cultuml,

Obtained from worldcourts.com subject to terms and conditions.

~~~1 rules Qinte~aNonol Imo, IMI~+I impisonmen4 m a p and mrauin(r, and& forau @sexual violence, andmble tmndlier #the popuktlon, w-:

.2.' In June 1992, in a grol(p 4/meml a n d anrrsdbers drhe Svb army andpolk he pan@uted in the taking mvvly qf Bmnlak civilion men jivm rhek homw h the rBttIemmt d On&, Hasan Ahmet@& ond NaU OImnbqm@; whereas on the occadon drhc aMwtion #Nail &nanbqoviC rhay abwd h i s f im i~ mambam by jbrcing hi3 w@ Wmba Omanbegowid and her mother, an eigh&-year old woman, to srr@ MW ewocting ~ ~ m m &em; he then prlicipted in rhejior~ible t~&er 4/ rlro clvllhrrc - main& women and &I* fmm YYcgrrrd to the @not u d r conW &ha Republic afBosnio ond H-, by mamiag those buses, armed with a r#l~ our at Imt one mi~~lon.

3.41 wing f i he memd Bcrrnhk wonmn to m l intemoume or an equhurlm~ ?eXllyll act, as#dIows:

c) In Juna 1992, he came IO the "Yllna lth" s p whem theprorected witmas MH. ~ l ~ ; s h e w ~ t t h a n v n d a r t l v e c r r d b y ~ o n a d o U y h i s a n d ~ b y

. Milan Luk/E, and other unMentrysd soldia~, inch&* the A d hub La/& who 'civrsd and insulted her on nalional gnnd8.

$hMqorJune 1991. h e a m r r o a m d o o t h e ~ ~ c $ f l w ~ ~ s d w l b t c w C o n d @tad her to an OCI equiwlen~ to sexual inkranuse by/brrIng her IO toad him on the genitab and uttvke his penis, while he s l a m and kar her, and c u r d her "Tur&&h mother".

4. In AIay 1992, a m the Bosniak chrillont, Inchding Suvad Slcbati6, Emv LMaikcwiC. Mt l t r rb ib . Nuir ~unk!. Osman Kurmahg Abld MurUlt. Sirvod Dohwc a d his bmther, ond a p m g I& aka SaIko, Aob bwn brought and dsraned In the YIbegd Police Station, he ireisled ir, thek imprisonment.

Crimes qpimt Humaniv - persacution In vlolotlon cCj Artkk 172 (1)m f l the Criminal G& o/Bornia and HemgovInq h, W w u i o n wllh lh oeu rqfernd lo in:

Iran 3 bawm dqwlwtlon dp&$Iml Iibtqp in vl0la1ion QfJildlmmtal nJcr of inte1110t~ 1- with qgad IO rhc idumd prlies Hcuon Ahtnetspohib and Nail Osauan~IC), f i rarrw wUh rcrgrml IO rha immd pmrles Wnebr, Osmanbqovi& and her m&, and c#/areibhe hrrnq@r ~fppulatlan. ail +wed to h Count 2) 4 the Indicfmecnr;

- item g) mpe and8 torhrm with ~ r d IO the i@ned p u r ~ M.H with ragord to Count 3c) ofthe lndi~~ncnt, item g) coercing mrolher bfim IO other f irm dsexual


i i Q l ~ ~ f conpnd le gmw'& with ngord to fh i@mdpa~ C, in @unction wlth Count Qfthe Indktll~nt;

- Itmi e) lmprisamml in vlolatlan Q f ~ m e n t a l rules ~ln/ematibnoi law with regod to the i JdparI lar Shwrd&beirP, &uw mqkn7VDtqlrirovlE. si@ nrtRwt4 lYulr hulk, Oman KwspahrC Abld Mwti& Suwd Polawe and his brother, and a pung manl a h Sub; or rrod with Article 29 (Accompliless) on& with mgad to &un& 2 and 4 of the IndIcUnent1 all in wnjudlon with Artide 180 (1) @the G i m i l l ~ ~ l Code ofBmia and H e q i n a .

lh@n, pumnt to Ankle 285 oftha CPC Bin. ap&ingArrlcle 39.42. and 48 of the CC Bin, the Panel &he COun of Bill h h y

TO I3 (WlRTEEnr) YEARS OF IMPRISONMENT

Pwmmt /a Artlcle 56 #tha CC Bin, the bqmd sentence shall include the time he pent in curtot& under the Decision #this Coun, wmmencng on 5 Moy 2006; unrll his mtnmntd lo ~ ( r r ~ a the

Pumont to Article 188 (1) Qfrha CPC BIH, rhs Aacuredslwll nrimbrme f i r the -1s of the criminal pmasedings in the convlertng part af rha V e d i ~ , whfle in the qcgrrltting parl @the Verdict and in the pryr weding the cham pursuant to Ar~ide 189 (I) ofthe CPC BiH he shall be d id #the mimbummmt #the costs which will be bone by the 6- qppropriations ofthe Court. me Coun rvUl render a $epam~e Lkision on the amount of the C Q ~ & the Aacured is obliged to reimbrrm.

Purswnt to Article 198 (2) #the CPC BIH lhe irlfwed pmly MIr$ada TabcrrRovd, wihssws 8 A, D and otkm am he~hy i ~ t r m e d lo lake clvll OCIIon lo pwme their claims under p r o m law.

II.'Conhvyy to that, pursuant to Artide 284 (I) 0) of the CPC BlH the Aecusedshall be

ACQUITTED OF THE CHARGES

i.. on qn u ~ p c c @ d dote, in the summer af 1992, In o gmup wlth Mtar YasUjevld and lhrea other unident@ed men, oli armed, he broughl four unident@ed elder& Borniak civilian men by a TAM lruck from h e CNrwilon ofthe "Vilina vlaa" spa to a & i t e plateau an the Drlnrr r k r bank in the plam called SACe, whrre thqrfireed


ham to into the riwr rip to thelr w&rg c d a n d insulted them by sclying: "SIep in, W#a, h l h e a IiIUe longer" and than &cry shot them dsod

3rr) In April 1992, ha cam to tk "Yllna Ylac" spo whem rhe prorected wiOwss A baa strryingjiu tm~ment; &in8 her M q in the rprr the pm@ctt?d w ihsu A waa tmpd on multimla occmtonr by M a n LuN and other unidantipsd so&m, hdudllrlg the ~ ~ ~ ~ d Z e y i k 0 Ld& who a180 crude& InruIId cursed and beat her.

b) In June 1992, ha came to the "VIIIna Vlas" spe, whars Bmniak ~llonnrcrrp wem unlm@& lnclud~tg witneu D who hudpmvIow& been brought to the rgo. mpd on d t l p l e occa#iom, andp&sierrlb and mental& a b d by Mllon L& and orAar Wakntifred soldisrs, whlle inter a h , she was rqprd by the Accused Wko W&

#rAomly he cotnmiad tk criminal ence of Crinrat qaimt Hutnani~ in violation tfArllde 172 (1) (X) In inJunulon wlth lfanrs a) and@ Mlhe CC BIH.

Againrl the Amaed that:

- In early May 1992, in a gmp, logalher with MShrn L*, Oliver Krsmanovlb mrd another wbmvn mon. Idd b~~ Bantokm~. amng t h Mirsad Mbvlb@m rlrc dimtion of Va& a o n , ~ in Vi&& to tha Drina her bank and them thcy cut offthe hea& aftk IWO ofthe men d k i l l e d k odhar t h m by fhngslraer at /hem#wn r@s.

- In ear& June 1992, in o gmp, -her with Mile Jokalmov~ Watko Pecikom, he bmught huo unidmI@ed Basniak women by car. ona ofwhom was w i n g a baby of iq, to sk month #age, to the "Mahmed patc SokoIovICo" brw in Vihgmd, and them, the Accused slit tho throats a f both women, however, bfbre that Ylatko P e e i h thmv tk &by in Ehs air and k &#ko Lslek inpled it with the b l a h of hh kntfe as It/irll &wn, and he ombed rlts mother to &ink the blood #her &Id @er which the Aacused went to a nsorby hotel andfi~ched two u n i d e n t ~ imprisoned Barniak men, and ordurd them to t h m the bodu afrlro women and the &by MIed into the River DrIna, and when the prismeta did so, the attackam jbmd them 10 dimb he fince afthe bri& and than all thm ofthem hilled theprlsonws by Jrhg at t h frorn rfles, as a msulr of which thelr bodias/cIl in the Rhw Drina.

As the Pmeculor dtoppad rha chaw al k main hlal, whemby he mmmined he kriminal dance in vIdalion a fA~ Ide 172 (I) @ in W w d i o n with item a) of #ha


lhdiw the IAJkinwnl @he Bwewort Na KZ- RZ&W &mi IbNovpmber 2006, and oorrfirrnad on 20 November 2w the A d has been wbh having commiltad the crlminol *nee af Obmx qgoinxt HumanI& in violation of Article 172 (I)(IV in ~ w r c l i o n with l l ~ l r 4# 4, e),,),A @, r), cF) @he CC BiH.

At the plea W i n g held on 5 December 2006, the A d pleaded nor guilp.

On 31 Mimh 2008, the Pmecuor's wee 4/BMpIedon amended indictment which woraueptedby the ChH, wherehlhe Pmecuhw'r OlJIas ofBiHabppdhu0 elmger# a d amended the f i l d e x c r ~ af the Counra in the amended Jndicbnent.

During the m m , h Courr ended a &&ion gnrtUingprore~tiw memum f i wirmrc M.H. punua~~ to AnicIe$ 12 c u d 13 #the knu on Pmtection af Witnewu under IlrmoI and V d n ~ b l e WiIndu85, xlnce Ik wlharr mquexted it exp/iciI& as xhe had been hmmatked i j , Iha men1 of which xhe m the vWJn, and dld nd want her kAwt& drLcld 7W.v wimw nslr/red with mgmd to the ~~ r&rred to in C ~ M I 3 c) 00110~mi4g the rope chugen

Further conacrn~ng i h e p m ~ ~ o n dwitnau s it was decidecttiwtng *proceed4 tlror h&- would be usad when r&wing to her.

~n'aaition, on 4 ~ j w ~ 2 0 0 7 , a~ccitionwas l u ~ d a m e n d ~ t ~ p ~ o r e c ~ ~ o n m ~ l t l r & l ~rdored under the DecIxbn afthe Coun afBlHllla X-KRIV-06002 &ed 4 September 2001. and the witness wm g&ntedpror&lan meavurw which ind& he pxelldonym

~ n t l a l i & qfMsntl& /-tion# and textimany- a xappmte mom wilh his . .

pi&& and w& dlxtarted

h e Covrrportfv edudad thepublic on 19 Mat&, 9 ApU, 23 Aprll2001jbr he putpaxe ~ f r u l ~ on the mode @emmining thepme~ed wheust S, A, C, D, and on I5 lWoy 2007fbr rlrrpurpace qfruling on theproractlua measnrex andmode 4 exatnintng witnua MH. &ring the maln wial. Wilnuues S, C, D and M.H. were hoard hi* rlw main &la# or o public b r i * while h e publlc was ~ ~ ~ I u d c d at the hearie held on 9 Rprll2007 durlng tke icrtiinorg ~WI I IWX A. Pnmont IO Ar~Icle 233 4th CPC o/BCH, the Courr mqy d& the public f i r a pan @tho maln trtrrl fl r b ~ r y t o ~ p r o l s c ~ ~ ~ l a n d h r l n w l o l ~ a f l l r e ~ ~ w i d e r i m that th& w h tabt#kd abwr ewn& which ore an h l t to human dl+@& and thar rh& & a penon who PyChdogIcoIQ wamatked due to the b~r~UnlXfUllWS twr0- h! p ~ ~ b o / / ~ ofh dlllilrl Ik C0UrtfiUnd it fiictcfied to make nrclr a daekion alro bearing in mind rhor borlr portlab a p e d wirh #ik mode of examlnallon ~ w i t m w A.


In dithn, during tha pmcdiw and~lowlng rha MoUon of rha Pmeuwr'r Q@ce of BiHflhtd at the main Mol on 23 Aprll2007, p tvp ing the accqmm if sr~bllahedfms at$udicated in the eace hweutar v. Mtar Vobl#cvk! m-M-32). d the I~ernaUonol Criminal lklbunolj3N ~~ Y@wia (hemlncdrer: lCm, the Cowmndwda &&ion to ~ t h a ~ h v i n g s r t a b l ~ f i u t ~ :

I. Ihr munld~#ll?, of VUqmd k locolad in mth-easlun Bosnia and Herzegovina, bodwed on i& wtem ride by tha RqpubIIc ofSabie I& m in

: mn, V-, is locatedon the wtem bonk ofthe Drim Rlvar. &am 39)

2. . In 1991, about .11.OOOpuople lM in the munkI,li&, abo~it 9,040 in the town 4f V- &mxlmatal)r 63% cl/rlre population was of Mullm ethnW&, while about 33% was ifSerb ethnW&. &u 39)

4. Two parliu, the prImarl& Mwlia SDA (Par3,fir IhmemtIc Action) and the pimarl& Serb SDS (&rbIan Democmtrle PmJ, shared the nrqlnrqlori& o f t k votes. @am 40)

j. me nuub due& matchad the emlc aomporition ofhu munIei,uali& with 27 . dtha 50 sea& that corn& lha munIc@oI wenrb& king allocated to fhu SDAandIJtotkeSDS. (porrr.40)

&rbpol~iefa~~ ware dLuorl@d with the d&Mhtion ofpower. @ma. 40)

7. Ethnic tensions toan/lmsd up. @era 40)

10. lstwn 4 1991. ~ e r b poli~~ciaw repeated& requested that the poiice be &hid a l w ethnic line& @ma 42)

il. Soon thvcoper, both of rlw oppalng &row mised hrrlcades a d : YUegmrl, which mrrs/dId by mndom acts qfvidelloa W i n g shooriq

4RdsheIIi~ @om. 42)

12. In ear& April 1992, a M u I h c U h # Vltqpok Mumt &bonovk, took contd 4frh local dam and h M n a d to ndrdears water. &am 42)

13. On about I3 April 1992, &bammic dead somu if fhu water, damaging proparrla dow~mam @am. 42)


. I

14.

IS.

$dlowlt@ ti@, the Wee Cow qf the YngoaIm Nat1w)ol Amy ("JNA ") l n ~ t w k o v e r t h e & m a d ~ V ~ & a m 4 2 )

Ewn though maw Murllm I# V ~ f ~ m l n g the arrlLrr1 qfth Uk Corpr ofthe JNA, the r r ~ n r r l mrlwl dthe C o p Im4 at fm, a 01- @kt. Wm. 43)

@er smwlng ihe town, .MA * rs and Murllm I& Jolnrlj, led a d l 0 aonrpr~roanaorvqee~e&rehonfofheirlronrca @ma. 43)

Mmy aawlly dldso h the later pafl qfApIll992. @mm 43)

lh JW a h scl yp ~ i a t r i o n r khvaen the nu0 rMes to by to dqim ethnic l~Nl0n. &UH. 43)

Comwp wem ogrrnked, emp&lng mmp, villogu of fhelr no& ppdotrlon. On one -&on, thouan& q f d r b s f i vUlaga on both sldu qfthe &/nu R W j i o n , theamamwndrhe town of VUegmInwe taken m t h f m k U stodhtm In Y1Sagrod. lhm, they ware Korchcdjht m m . @am 44)

Maw people lhrlng on the rig& $I& qfhe Drina Rhrw ellher st@ In the town ~fVIhgr& went Into hlding orfled a#ro. M)

On 19 M v 1991, the JNA withdmv@m VIScrgwd m, 45)

PammiIf~ly unit8 st@d MI4 and &r p#ltnIIi&Wlor awid 08 soon a# the anny hodli@fomn. @am. 45)

M e nonSerbs who m m i d m the area qf VYegrrrd, or t h who rslurned to their h 0 m m f W d e ~ mpped[MdJ db&. @am. 4 q

Miqv orlrar Inckknu 4 ... h i l l l ~ qfcivlltam t d plncs in Vldegrod during thh pertad. h m ear& Aprll1992 &, non-Serb c l t k ~ also began to dibqppwrr. For fhe nul/cw months, hund@d qfnonSsrbs, mast& M~ullm rnan and woman, clr l lhn and a l ~ ~ l k r wlere kill&. 51)

Maw tfthoae who wem killed wem #In& thnnvn into the D r h R k , uhem m q v bod185 warn fiundfloathg. @am 52)

H h & ofofher k l l m cMllans ofall crgss cnd ofboth saxes wem exhumed ~ ~ l g a w r i n a n d c v o w e d y l k s r o d ~ I f r y . (jMm ST)

. .


29. llre number ofdlsappamnws pabd In June and JiJy 1992 ... AIort gno~ all o f t h who d l r o ~ r r e d uwm CMIIam. ( b o a 53)

30. N d r b cfitwnr mm, m&ctad to other /bnr 4/ m&ha~tment and humlllcrllon, such a 0s or bh~arly rwn, dsprhd#rlrslr llylhbles. I n j d or sfck m&rb ctvlllonr wwr, denled oawsr to medlcol hcotmranr.

54)

32. 9, the andof1991, them wen vey* d t w b in VISegrrrd. @ma 5Q

34. Propa*n'onol~ rlre changes (In ethnlc annpsirlon) in V & g d waro second onEy ha those whlck oanvrrd In Srsbmnka. @am. S@

H a v h CONW the MoHon ofthe Pmmttor'r Q@ce jbr the acmphmm of the e s t a b l i ~ h e d ~ ~ the P a d analyzed Arlkle 4 #the Law on I)urnq@ ofCarss whkh provdea thtu at the rcqwu~ of a paw or proprlo mom the COW. Q&V Derlng the porttart nroy dscicdE to uccept as proven thars ralavrm~ f i that tap ~~tablished by a I@& blndlq cdrcislon in arprpmceedings be(brs rlre ICIY.

Ilrr/inr/bmrol mquirement ~ i h e m m t ~ p r o v ~ r ~ o n iwt been nwr. m i r i n g that the prtles be granted a kww became the prmier and Lk$nse CouNal@ the Accusadwvc ghmn a jV l o m @ IO a q p thlrpitdans on 24 June 2007.

ArlIcle4ofrheLmoon the T m ~ 4 / ~ f m m t h e l C W t o t h e ~ ' s ~ 0 1 1 ofBIHondllre C k a o f E v ~ a o l l ~ b y I C W i n ~ I ~ ~ f l r e e o y r l s l n BIH (h~mhq/b: Law on TnrnJw o f k ) leaves to the dbcm~lon ofthe Court the &slon PI to whether to (IQWP~ the /bets pmped Neither the Lmu on r i d e r , nor the CPC BWl pvprwldo f i r the criteria w n whkh the Court might exemIse its dlac7etloa. 11,&Paml, InitrlkcrlondarcdOerobsr3,2006, InthearwrofMilai &par et a/. (Number: X-KR-OSlN), and in lta &c&lon abed 26 Juna 2007 in the case of Tanuskwlb (Number XXW165 ) set out the cri~erb It coruI&rsd -late lo apply In ik cxw~ke ofits -t&n car(er Artlcle 4. l h e crlterh took Into ocapunt the rlghu ofthe Accuted undw the law ofBiH, Incorpomllng as It d m rheJiut&mrn~al rlghu protected ty ik ECHR At the same tirm, the Panel war mIn@ld the ICW jw- &veIol#d in interpret@ Rule 94 ofthe ICn kular i# Pmcedm and EvMenas. llre Panel emphassbad that Rule 94 4/ the ICTY R u b of P d u r e and EvldEnarr and A ~ l d c 4 of the Law on m m . are nor MentIcaI and rlbu thk Courl Is nor In arry way &mi by the dccislom of the ICW. H m r , It k ~ e v l d e n t k t some of /he luues co~&ntIng the Trlbrrnol and &Is Panel am slml/ar when a o ~ h k r l ~ crd/Irdicated /OW, and that t h d m the m i h i o M wlll lusloire be slnllar. Ulpon mview o f / b

-.


agwnsnts in ih& case, he Panel aonIInuas to be of the opinion thcrr rhe cr i~ ia f i I r& protecl the inkwe& #the mouingptW, the rights qfthe A@, the ppurpace #the

1. A f 4 ~ 1 mml bu& be a 'w " k t fs:

a) ~ c I e n t & dbtlncr. aonmte ond idan@ble;

2. A m mat conlain 66d~tIaIflndhqp #the ICTY and must not br sIgn~kan@ -.

3. A fact not oltesti -or indirect&, to the criminal mponaibillry of the A d

4.. N m r r h e l ~ tha~ lior gindsueh a h l of ~ a n c e as true rhar it is common browle@ and nor subw to reasonable conrmdlcrion can be

. accq&d 46 @udiCQIQd f& even CJ it ICIOICLS to an element of criminal ~pOlUbi/ I&

5. A jlia mat be 'utabllshed by a lqgrrlly blndhg &&ion' of the ICTY, which means that tha fact wor clther S g d or established on appeal or not ivntbuedtw appeal, and that nojiwfher opporhmlry lo -1 Is psibie.

6. ' A jka mwt be utablishad in the pmcd inp h&m the lC7Y in which the Acrured against whom the/bcr has been ~btabUched and rhs Accursd befirs he &wl CorrrJBlH lrrrvrr tha some inlrnsb wlrlr ~ ~ ~ I C I I W to cw~testirrg a certain fd. A d i n & the f h s staled in the documents which rn a subject qfa plea apemew o* wlunlay admiuion in rhe pmcedrp~s kq/ii the ICTY s l b r l l t m t b s ~ , g ~ t h # t h e ~ # t ~ Accusedinsucheanuam . d m / , @en contmty to the in/-& (bthose Afcuded ~vho utilked their - right too hiaL

7. il/ocr must be 66tablIrhed in the pmedqys worn the ICTY, in which the - A c e d against whoa, the fm has been ~IabIkhed had iegai repmawtation and the rig& and oppormnip to dq&d hi-& It fs clear tha~ the ~ C C B ~ ~ M E B qftha/$or derhtingfkm theptvceedinga in which the A e c d has nw tested it & h& evMcnrlary ins~ruments is wmceptablel$r this PmnrI. Ewn more so bewtue occur& qf lhatf@cl is qu&moonable, since the Aaurcd dM nor how the (or hod inm&iont appwhmi42) 10 rypwrd lo 11

All of the fa& a~~ as proven in Ihe opcmriva pm me1 h mquimnents of the wlter~cr. In prtkdm, all aftbaefbcrs am rekwm lo the Accused's case on the his


thor ths crimes established In varI/&ev/d wem oo~lmlttd at the a@me tlme and In the samegeopphhdarco as Elrora wlth whkh the Ampad is wed.

,

lRe IegIrIatClle p u p m Jiw ptvvkNng the Cowr wlth the dIscmrbn to accept 'or pmm' eata61khd@ incluak judkid ecommy, the pnnnollon ofthe A m d s r&ht to a qee& trhr(, and cwutdemrlan~ wUnsrsccr in order to mlnlmlte the number of trlbunub b q j h whlch thqp mrur mpwr testl~my that Is oj?m ~ l I r 1 ~ l%e Low on Tmtqjkr's pwpara o f ~ l l l ~ t l n g a spe& trial can be pmmotd in ~ I I W wlth the rlglu ofthe Accused ro a trial wlthout delqy as pnscrlkd by A&le 13 ofthe CPC BlH and guamnteed by ArtIde bpmgruph I of ihe Einvp8an Convention on &man R@# and Fun&mental ~~. l%e pupwes ofjudlclol economy d ide em ti on jhr wltnesses, huemu, can pul at r&k ths Acrwed's right to a/or trlol and thepmmphn ofinnocena lhq&m the court nmy on& p m m those purpa#r In a w q thtn mpeus those r w n . lbe crihwla are designed to & th&. Otherwlse, &e avldmtlruypmceedI~ would dejhcb end to the detrlmrnt ofthe A a w d even b@m the ImrnInantpl&rentatlon Qjall ofthe ev- tn the casu ike P a d had in mlnd Arride 6 ofhe E~oopecn Conwinion and Artleks 3, 13 and I 5 @the CPC when ~~1~ Its dkmllon. turdsr Arllcle 4 ofthe Lawon ~ I n t h l s c a s a

llrr acceptance of esmbllshed facrr 'ar pmmn', under th6 &wia outllnsd, does nor relieve the A#racrtar ofthe bvden Mpnqfnor dwr It demctfion, &epn?sumplhn of Innocence under Ankle 3 of the CPC: TIEC amptunce 'as prrpvrm' of- established In rlnflnuljudpen~s ofthe IClYmeuns on& thor the praaanuor has ma ihe brvdm ofpmductlon @evhience on thtu pmIcular f i t and dou mn have to pmw Ujbrther in their case inchid: Aahluion deach/hrrdau n o l ~ c c t in tiqy the rlglrt ofthe Accused to c h a l l e ~ cnly ofthe aqpted/oc!s in his &@=, as he wo@d & wlth tqy o ~ h e r ~ I ~ I t l o n on whkh the ptvmutar htzdpduced evMen& Nar does It pmhde the P&ionjbm pnwsnti~ add~onal evidem In oder to rebut /he h f ~ s c challenge. Llkewlra, Article I5 of the CPC Is m e d kcmerhe Corn isnor boundrobat ifswrdictonmryfoct~tedaspmea 7%e ~udlaated fhds hemin ahltted will be ~omldemd along wlth a11 ofthe evfdend # in the trial, and the Panel &sd on the wa&ht qfeuehpia o f e v i d e ~ l%e acceptedjhcts met the criteria, while h f b c n in the remaindw ofthe Motion 4 the P ~ ~ r ~ ~ o f B l H ~ n o t ~ d o r t h e y d l d n o r m w r r t h e ~ I n g criteria

me Cow-r prsrented evIrdsnce by axonhlng pmmtcutlon wlmsser, Including &$neb Ounanbegovli Azemlnu &Ilk, Nalr Mlwi4 Mlnndo T a b b l 4 Vetim ~ a b a b 4 MuJusIm Memidevl& Axm O s m a ~ l 4 Amalo MI&, RtenUa Muhli, Zineta Kulel#a, H a s h Dudev4 Bakim HascCic. &mi Dol- Suwd S u ~ ~ h e r WqtWvIC, and Wuwses underprs- A, C, D, & MH. (and H.D. to whom the Panel wlll m$w using that pmdotpn, giwrr that she Ir a /mi& member done ofthe ~ t e c l e d w l b c a u s s ) a r w e l l a r ~ a ~ u s w l r n u r u ~ B . and^ X.Thaurtals0 aicrmidDrHamxa&o, In h&cqd@asancxparr wcrlnrur in medicine.


llrs Corrrr also m u l a d the jW10whg db~umentruy avtdence qf the Prarentor'r @@m #BH: Recod on the 6apmindon of Witmas A dated 26 April 2OM: RS Mol Certfliwe dated 4 AprU 1992; Mllitaw ID bookla, &led 21 Ahrch 1997, hued@ &r/b @Qdom~J Lekk; Ckrlor #the COM of Biff Issued to SPA to aonduu the k h d dlsd e v h Na X-KRN464202, dated 4 b4q 2006; Recod on the semh ofmWIlinga, o t k p n n t ~ and momblea ovMd by &#b Lelek, No. SIPA 17QAR-04-2486 dated 5 Mq 2006; R d on the re;acli qf dwdIings, other D#WtIrY and d . d awned bv s& &I& SPA NO, 17-04n-01-2-S/M drrrcd 5 k9 2006; photqpphk d b u on the sea& #the M ~ C I 'r tpmneni, Na 17- 01/&oe-I4SiD%: Ph-hie docunrenu on the search ofmsmc~ '.q howe, No. j 7- 13/~-7-la/oa dot& 5 M& 2006 Oflclal n p o ~ on atlw &m tk Order #;he COIVJ of BIH, Na X-KRN-06002 darsd 4 Mcp, 2006; Recew on ternpwrny sew qf objects, SPA Na 17-04L244-2-I(V06 dated 5 A@ 2OW; on tdl~pmtry seinva ofobJum, SPA Na 17-04/294-2-l%YM &mi 5 hi@v 2006; Payroll Liat of Poliac Permanml EmpIope~ and R t m w Fom # PSS Vi%@ad jbr June 1992. &td 1 August 1992; Dec&Ion ofthe RS Pubk Retirement and Diaabillp IWUIQ~W F d , brad &tqlew No. 9311767212 dated 2 &amber 1997 on defining work'expwIence/br the arspacr &~b Lslekfir the time spent in RST that &, RS Wok &S Mol Lkcislan Na W-1342758 &ted 20 Ocrober 1995 on eatoblishhg the / i t s #the ~ccwed &~kv la/& Record on exhumation at the sue Slop-* in the pal& &I4 Oerobar 2000 with resprct to exhumatiom carried out on wveml pnmiter - @mdite No. 37, perron Ismet Men~UeviC with phologmphk documents -sketch of the gnnreslle, Canmnal &uirl in Sarqisvo; Rscord on &mation of the site village KurtaIiCI, right bank ofDrino rhtv carried oul on 4, 5, 6 &amber 2000 - sketch # the pwsite, Cantonal Court Cowt SamJw; Death certr/rmtee/br bsr TabaaoVId dated 4 A@ 2006; Death m@?l~llte @ F d Tcrkkovid dated 4 W q 2C06; Death &#bate fbr Fdim Takrkovid dated 4 Mcp, 2006; Death arlflwte f i r Fahrudin c&II& dated 4 Mby 2006; Darrth cy)ni/lamejbr Ismet Meml&vi& dated I3 &tobar 2006- k t h eer~ijrcate jbr Osmo h l r &ted 4 ltloy 2006; A phologroph of the "V~lino Vlm" sp ; of the "Mehmed pAk &kolm,i&" bridge in Vliegmd; A m q ofthe Vibagrrrd MiulicipIi&; Vi& marding ondphotqtq&s o/ /rrdMduaI sites prtaining to the HOCI ofpetpe@tion ofthe criminal wirh dtvflcotlon; R d on the wmInotion ofhe wllncsr A dated 27 AprU 2006; Rmrd dn the u x a m i d n qfthe w i h m SIlwd Subdid dated 14 AprU 2006; Cert#mte husd for Julllp dated 14 Mqy 1992; CatIfrcate j k m the Book of MIrsing

Issued by lCRCfbr ROLUO U s m ~ i ; Catr#ka~s j h m the 8ook of lwksing by lac* Wmer0 ~SIMI@~& cbr@011te$Vm the Book ofMIuing

prmm lartecd by ICRCfbr VwUa Turudh?: C e n ~ t e ~ the Book ojMiuing p e i m ksued by ICRCjbr Ibmhim MeUwr/oe; Catr#lcateJvm the Book of~iuing psraoM Issued by ICRCfbr Mulwmed Jcrfaravid; Llst ofmember# flthepollea r s w v ~ ,

m ~ n t in the PSS V U q p d ; Wat of milit~ty wnru@rs who wen deployed in the vUagraddur@ th8 wvrr Na 15-MI-23- dated 7 J u ~ , 1999; Carr#htefion,

the R@~.,oftha Pmeaitor'r Wcy) of BlH damad 8 Februtqp 2008 on initbting inwSt@tIona bT011)K hh, Sovlr! NMa amd JabimWd Mli~Je; lRe rules ofthe m d doclrmcn: ROR 614 cloted 17 Januruy 2002: SIavko T' ld ' r witness ~ta~ment


In tmWIion, WIMB wihes~) jbr fh A d Lala& wge examined, he A d wvu -mined cu a Dqfi?lw W i I ~ ar well or lhe fidiowiryl WitneSdYI Zljnbu O-bqwid, SYanUa DwiC MIadino WmviC Radinnir S~mcovIP N W h

Mi* SakrIib, obmdin &mi& ZdtWkD TwIov& Solomon Janjg Jown Popovrc Dmgow -iC W k o Vtwwid, Ddatla W& Mde JoksimoviC. BaUo Dur& Mlodo h i 4 Ndo Osl@& Mkoh &wit!, Jaw PhojSVi4 Bmno TU& Stdha VuUda,iC &bim Glodrmrrc, Hafim Ommwit!, Miiiwje JoiksImovI6, b Vukica h i 4 Dar& h i d , h f o Tk&i& Pew MilroviC S l ~ k a M I M Mihjka lb@avIC AfodIo AnrMC, &domir VukovI&, Maden Dmg&v/C BaMtw H-4 N&#b NikoIi4 Dmgo Botid, Mh M&imovibl Sdko Ninkovid, Dhru Tomi4 Nado SoviC Ruth Bat& R& S!anlmimiC, &Uko &fi& h m d S&& Neaad An& MilhWe &q/ar, NNcdtrnl hiuh* Madenh VUo& biiodnrg ZckovrC Emir SarrC; Ismet &pa DuEon NdAovi4 wan $hi& W a n K d , Raw jindi&, Mi& Pa~ikozq Zoron Wi&. &bomIr Krbo, Miladin NihI& MIIM MiIIkvId and MiIenko Glodorcoc.

Ilrefllowing documentmy ewideneejnvptmd by the Wknse wos m l d : Reqmt to conduct i n w r t ~ t i o n a f ~ l psnonr q/Banr&kethn&Ig No. fl-12U97 damti 19 h m k 1997; R w t to W d W hW/@tdon ~ / S U W W / perSOM q / B ~ & k ethnic& No. KT-993 dated 26 Jlrfy 1993; &I afdommmts - teqwst to oolbcl inldl&ence Na 15-SB2-230-61/01 dald 2 Mmah 2001; Requast to conducl imwI&Ulon Na KT-I&93 dared I Ju& 1993; Request Io conduel inmtrgotion of $ewtwI persons qfB01lliak ethnic@ in mlmion lo war wimu No. Kl-1743 af 19 June 1993; Request to conduel inwt&ation d~evwol individirals in ralation to BIIings of chriliamr and burn@ aftheir propuly No. KT493 &red 14 June 1993; kqudst to conduct l nw r t~ t l on qfrsvaml prmm including Enwr Di@mvi& as a prsan Jbr whom th inw~tilgtion k be& conducrad Na KT-I2M7 dated 04 November 1997; &rt@ca@ Isrued by h Red RBd in KmI&w Na I054 d a d 27 August 1997 with the birth m@cutejbr 7- blek; Csrr#late &sued by the h g d mmicipoli~ No. 03435-7 abed 20 Nowmber 2007; Cert@mrc issued by ihe Mol, PSC Eastern Scrqlm, PS YICbgrrad, Na 13-I-ll/OI-2S5O07 dated 03 DmMbef 2007; Csrr*m Lwd* Radmua izadOmq6viC Na 13-l-llrnl-2% 396/07 &tsd 21 &p&mbar 2007; Cert@mta #tho PS V U s p d Na 07W-04-25] &led I2 November 2103, ptvving that &&h Lalek b w in the crimi~wl d s ; Ex'wrpr f i tk -tha rwordr o/h PS V & p d Na 13-1-1 1/V2434-31051/03 claw I I N-~CP 2003; ~e~panw o/ MP. rn P-, RS poll= DIWW, mt to &r/h bidl No. LW-IStW07 &led 04 Seplambt?r 2007; LhcbIon on ~ I n t m e n t af &&a Mek to the pasition o/a sh I& Na OW3-IIdS001 &led 22 December 1994; Deckdon on ~ppoint~nent qj & ko blek to the paritdon afa polkaman in tho PS V w , Na OW-12O-5005 &hd 22 -bar 1994; &c&ion on mn& Na W-134-2758 dated 20 Ocrobsr 1995; Lkkion Na 034-120-4251 dotkd 17 &cem#w 1997 on 4ppoinImimt afLelek h ~ k o lo the p iHon afa sh@ leader in the PS Vilkpud; Decision Na OUl-2-120-3190 dated 21 Apt111999 on he a~pointment afLelek ah to /he p i t i o n afa m@c waden in the bq@ polica m i o n dthe rrirtion; Deckion on employee arr&nmm No. OM-I20-3536@1 d a d I Nowmber


2001 i.vsuedJb &#ka Lelek; CkcIsian on rank hla OM-134,l-109 doted 24 h ~ r y 20033i~ Aqka La/& 13rci~lan on UM~~IWI I NO. om-i27,1-IM d a d 26 June 200$@r Wko Lele&; contmct in the nume of&#o L e u Na IS-1/09- I S M 3 b e d 5 Ji& 1993; Cerr@cate Na -1-1141 dated 30 June 1993; Dccisi011 nr0. 9311767212 &fed 2 Deambsr 1997; Cwt@afe Issued by the Mol - PSS BgdjIno, No. 15-~132-4/2000-7I dalad I S A ~ t 2 0 0 0 ; Rww on lemparary

dimm /mmi by th PSS n- dated 3 ~ugur t 1992; RWW on p n p m y re&- qfitenu i ~ u e d by the PSS VMrrgad, dated 26 Aqs~rr~ 1992, lasued to Mllan BIagoJevIE; Receip~ an tempomry sehura of item# Issued by tho PSS Wepd doted 29 A-t 1992 Issued to Miladin 52animlmh!,- R m @ on tempomrry selnm of ifems Ismd by lhe PSP VMegmd dated 29 Aygwr 1992 issued to WRo Pecikaza; R w @ on tempwwy sehm ofiIems issued by th PSS ViJsgrcrd dated 29 August 1992 isared ro Rudlsmr ~ I L ? ; C ; I p on tempomy s e h of item luued by the P a YUegnni donrd 29 A- 1992 I& to WoJa hmk/k?; Rece4n on lemrpwcqy s e h dim1118 isaued the PSS VMagrod doted 29 August 1992 issued to Zorb Simid; Recelpl on tempmy sekm qf Items 6 d by the PSS Vibegmd hted 31 M a d 1993 Luuad to Glibo Manajh; Re#@ an tempomy sehm ofitems rrnred by the PSS Viiagmd dated 29 August1992 i d to Radism, &I& Rcwlpr on tempmy seizure qf Uems &sued by the PSS V i h g d da~ed I S September 1992 Issued to Bdbo $id#; WihI hbte @SPA Na 17-04&9d-2-9tcOb dated 7 July 2bO& -cia/ Note 4 N P A Na 17-04/2-01-2-7lE/46 &fed 14 Jrrm 2004; Q@clal Note qf SIPA Na 17-0422-04-2-79/06 dated 6 Julj, 2006; @&I Note of SIPA No. ~7-04n-04-2-7LVO6 dbnd 6 ~ u f y 2006; Photagmphjbm th seeand ho/fqfMoy 1994 PIek.' his w@ and a baby); Color phormph @I& hlr w@ and a baby); Interior of an onhthx W; Jmeriar Man orhim church 2; picrun, hntkapa ofthe aha along Drlna riwr; IktmscrIpr fm the case Na X-KR-OW dated 8 lkembar 2005; Cerl@cah on etqlqwmt luuedjiw YIaIko Paelkwo dated 10 December 1991, tmlmed Into Basnlon. Cmatiaq SubIan 1- Certved cam of the paupart and vlm isued to V l a h P e c k ; awt@ed cogy #a pgc~ In heplurpoti mntainiw stimp of arriwk; Csrt@arus luurd by the Vlbrlgrrrd H d , Na 13/08 dated 10 mad 2008; C e r ~ m lmredby the fmnslatlan ugetqv

On 4 Februay 200% Ihe Panel vblfed the crime amtes in the fedCory @the VIfcgmd muni&mti&, incfrarli Ihe Y i I h vlar Hofel: mwn 214, mwn 224 Bunker, Suite Na ZOO, the Orthodm Church in K&gmd, the Vliagrcrd Hotel, the VIiegrad OM Bridge, dd& vlilage, he W n h m bormcfs m well as the iacatlanr w h m a plrttlal mmm~uctbn qf events was canduetd nam* rhs settlement of Slus and the old Police Statton, duty em, store mam, and "a mom uaad jw delenth ".

h their dOSh& the m t e W w % ofBw emphmked thaf the arguments dths amemhi indiichnnt wem pmen enfimly ha^ the Aerarasd norrmirrad h erlminul 0- hb 6 &gad with and tw pt~pond that a l w e r m inquIsonmen/ for a term qf2Spurs & im@ on the Aausad ' .


ha wnse stated in thub dm@ a g ~ ~ a n t rlror the Pmweutlon did no^ prm*,

beyond mmab le do& that rhb A& commiad the criminal he & &urged with ond t h e y p p o d that a d i c a afucqtmal be p r o n o d

Having ravlawed all plsars # e v i k IndivlchoI& and in their d t l o n . the P a d d m d h8 deCIr1on or in ihe 0pemhpOM due 10 rlwfsllowiqf nrarorar:

7Re l n d w #the Prarmrlw's Q#?u drmgcdh A d with haviq awnmiad the crinnal @nee #Crimes ~ i m t Human/& in violarlon CgArtide I72 (I) gT& CC MH. In the rrlcvmrl porjr, that m&le roo&:

. *

- f l IhWl0~ UCIS 0 f ~ sfmfllm C ~ I W C I W ~wQU/OW/& am~f* . sa&&r& or serious &jwy to bv& or to *Iccrl or mental health;

shall ha pun- by lmprfsownent~ a k m nor lws than fan pars or irnprfaonnlent. '"

A: Pllrswnt to Article 172(1) and (I)@ #the CC BIH. /$r an mi to WMI~NM a Crlme agaimt Huumnl~, the following ckrpmr dmem #this Q~III~I~U/ @knee mlut flrsr ha ataMMed:

1.3. "Nuur" batween rha UCIS # &a A a d and this tht isl that the ptvhibitedads mvs commUtedasprnJ #this attack; and

1.4. l h t rha Amwed was owam #the attack

1.1. lk wldarpraad clrmocler ifan a t t d +rs to rlw "scale dthe UCIS ppemted and to the number afv~ima"' mrd the ~ten101k chamcter mqy be 1- fm the arWence qf diacemlble "parrsnu gTcrhs", that ir, mtt-accidanlal rqztitlon gT dmhr wbnhol oondirct on a r r g ~ a r bash.'


Based on the pmsenrsd eulabe, particub& IwtImonisr ofwifnmsa who l i d in YIJegml and swwundq settlements in ear& Aprll 1992, and the /mu the Pam1 ~ ~ n r u l o M l s M , t b e P ~ l ~ d ~ t ~ w u w c m a l ~ l r d ~ n t h e m ~ ofthe VUsgrod munklpoliry w r r kd out by mllltaty a n d p d k ~ t l o n a ~ Aprll ~Avorfgft Jwle 1992.

Taking a# estabikhed the a-tionedfm numbed 2-7, 10, 33 and 34, it ~ ~ I O I W that alhnIc /en$&ns Inmasad In the IMltoty oftbe Y J & p d mrmiciplrIi& in Aprll 1992. lh a ~ t d was mofivatd by polltllleol gwlr b8cuw8, as the mentioned estabIIrhedjacrs lndlwte, in h n b w 1990 nrulti-$arly ,daclloM wen? held in the ~ Idp I I& . 77w /vIaami& lldrullrn SDA (Pmry fi D e m ~ i c Action) and the primariry Sub SDS Dunouatic Parry), &reti the *or@ ~ f the votes, and the mults dasely matched the arhnk a o ~ l t l o n ofthe m u n ~ I i Q . Serb poIltIEhms wm dIssatl@ed with the dlsrrbutIon qf powsr, and jtwn 4 Aprll 1992, Serb pol l tk im npated& mquesrsd that the pollw be divided 01- ethnlc lines, Ethnk te~ulona roonjlrrrsd q, whIch/rnal& r&nrled in h t k chaw in whnk stmbre of /ha pDplJat& bswuse pmprlionaI& k in Vl&gmd w m second on& to thme which ornured in 9sbnnia.

It wa estabUslrad that In ear& April 1992, them wa an attach an and dest~c~lon of VI&~& and mr#mdIng v l l l a p awled out by the Serb Anny, pmmnillrmy ~bmaI0~fiwn Serbfo, thm socolled Bell dovf and Id Serbs. &on h e r , borh oftbe ~ 4 g ~ r o b o d & ~ k t n i & rvmurd V i m whkh watjbllaved

mndom m s ofvlolence imluding shooting a d ahell@, cu indinated in t h e w humkr I1 acmpted by the Panel as establWIsd In oddltlon, tha two mosques locarsd in the town ofVih@ we^ desmyed (Fact number 31 a h ) .

hldlm, ~ I a I & memkn ~ p o m m i I I t a t y ~ r l ~ ~ , and pollee gathered Bosnlak mdad ond/BmIa, !hem- heir homm, some ofwhtm d i ~ a o r r d wirhowt a tram, pirtlctrlorly mtliloly(rggd nun 271- m s a standardpo~t&~ ojivnduu, as m t w by the Pmeculion w i m e ~ a All whmses anfonnu midents 4/ Yifegrad and mu&dfng ~sltI8111ws who were caught by the whlch t h v ex~ l lennd in the spring Q 1992. Fmm testimoniar qf Raemtlon wUnwm the Panel &mu the d m l o n lhal in the ehg gT 1992 a mUlta~y unlt came to YWegrodJiom Mice, serbto, and s~rryed rhem*-a ibrt whtle. At &I r b , pomtil~ltoy piypr, the so- f01Ied &?#e#evci("8de#'s men 3 Arkanowl ("Anban's men "), and Bell orlmi, can18

WImerr aim MimMaviC slarcd thal blannr In VLfegrod began in 1992 when pmmUUayfimnatdom, the rocoilad 87' kr/evc4 ond ArbPnovcl, ame to town in March, April and 1Wby. FoUowing their akpar~un, Serb aurtrwlth. led awlnljr by the I@ Ssrk rooikp4wurr In V&gwd. FFlr the rsp7esentath ofthe mnp, andpolice started ewning to the homes qf Mi~slinu, taking themjiw i n t e ~ t i o n s . Some ofthem wm return& ronre killet$ and some mmln ruroaaowued~I~. l%e Cow examined


m e Malra l##rvadprtles, w l m ~ who had ken t a h auq, name& Sumd suW16 Md M &/owe IRqy mn combtent in stating that thqy wee taken* theb homes and wlthou~ mly ~ a n a t l ~ h t@t to the police statlon, w h w a eamln nttmber Mother Mwllnu had been &zeu of 1uwnned M I m s , !nuut& men, wem unlaqkI& dqprhnd q/libw@. lbfs llrkivation af llbew was 4PQI & l I d by arbUnny uqtbnmt during whkh ckUiom wem mkmarsd and arrgaccd to abuse an ethnlc Vlolam ly the mllUory and parunllltw f i cmaacdan ahmphsrs af*.

Wit- M I A Ta&bovIb stared rhar rlw Bau,iok sl& ww under ortack in early Aprll by g t~mUl ta ty fim # lomf S e h Witnaases ylneba OmmnbqpvtC Azemina Ik, wltnws $ and M h a d a Tahkwld stated that tlrey I@ V i J q m d In mld4June 1992 h a to the rloh #war andfir f i r theb &&. WUmss ~ U a v k ? s t ~ t l r m s h e s r q y a d ~ h u ~ l n ~ u n H l I 2 S u & 1 9 9 2 . lhwimrrnrstamdshe had no orlrer &lw brrt to l e m D&a. bncaw~) rlkn warn lootiryp, Rlllngs, and htiblk abuses.

wwss ~zemina &IIS and W I I ~ ~ S S Nair ~ ~ r v i t were ai them- In Vkgmd the Vamb aomp~& 7lrcry both worked until the end afMqv1992.

WItllus Cdlr stated tlwr 28 M@v 1991 was her lorr wtwklng &v at the beeawe runrsdpcrrsons mme that dqy andstarted takhg Baurlak men muqy frwn the fictoty. 7hllrk testinrony mar confirmed by wihess Mrl/eslm MemLtevI5 w h m hurbond mar also t a k e n m v q y ~ ilrajhc(ary.

WOMM C srated k t at 8 a.m en I3 June 1992 the "dconslng of the rerrtlemen~" a o m d , and that than wem atvund 50 members qfSrb@mationr who taok the men muqy. lb taking awqy af Barnlak men poln thelr honnrc In June 1992 ms au@md by m w other wltnaws, lnduding N d r Mrvld and waneSm Mirrado and Vabu TabokovIt, and Mi@sIm Msari&vl&, and thls was ind iw& aqtlmred by the m~~blished.tin?ta, abow numbed 25,26 and 29.

AiusIIm men wnr taken from the V d m , and frwn heir homts ar d l . Some le bmught to lhspdlee staflon whlle soma wen killed an the town #I the r A v and thuir bodler thrown In /ha Drlnrr R k . WUnsuer AwmIna H&ir Mwid. and witnws C lrr~t@ed about them awurr~.

Ilw Vlllna Ylos spa ir a rehabllltatIon cenm, which was turned Into a ~ h a l a camp In whlel, women andglrls wrrr brought and~entatleolri, mlsmond. I k n r & isMcmu that one of the confined girls wmm11/d milel& by Jumplrrg tluough a wlndoru. Witnesses A, M.H, C and 0, vkrlnu afthe crlnwa w m m W them W@ed about the k n t s in the Villno Vlar spo. In addtdo4 the V- hotel s a d as a amp when? men and mornen warn broygk ond ~ t i a p I & mkhwted mls wm m~11Oned by wlhtcsr Zlnera Kulel#a

llic descrlbd mnts oawrrrd In the whale tmltory afthe YlCsgrod rnunklpoll&, including the m u n d l n g vllrSgas and mrlam~m MDdOk, Cm& B l h o and


orhrr HOOU. It Cs'h@m dm that the attack on &a h lh ptpulaHon was wlakqmudand encompass& h any case, h e whole #the YUegmd m u n I ~ l l ~ .

In.a&ItIon, the dcrabed c v a n ~ led rlw Panel to &uds that the attack was ~ l e m u t k

On morp, aecaslons them wm a daorprrrlem In how the cMl&m w8re tn,atd. Far example, w n who wen taken orrr of heir home8 wn, romlnely depr ld #llber& taken to the Vmmnlzc C r k s or the SUP bulldlng and lhan 1nterrog;rrted and ~ I M . F W ~ , t l r a p ~ p ~ o n #the S U ~ W ~ N ~ I I I C ~ ~ ~ , & US t n r rlcaw~bod in &tall wlrlr -1 to the COYnts dthe hdic~ment, hdlcatarrrac hat by the& no- thaw h nor OCII k d w d 4/6y l n d ~ l ~ m t o m , but lwm mthw joint endemom of ihe Serb Amry o e l l ~ togather wlth prrmmUkvy groyeu and pollc8. As of the nioment the [Alw C4rpc enremi the a m , them mrrs an v l r e d @r~ by locrl &r& to disarm and m@/aM &a activlrled #the Muallm papulatlon.

lhqfmI the dkvlbad evenu led the Pons1 to a d u n k bqwnd doubt h~ benveen April and June 1992, a wldeqmd and s)otematk attack againsf Bawriak civlliam wdr confad out 0, h e M w l W #/he V- munlelpaI@ by the &rb army, &rb prru~IIIl0 y,@matlonr andpolIw.

1.2. Wlth ngcrd to the stam #parsons jbr whom It was pwved tha~ they wem subjwM to the a c ~ n$vmd to in the Indlclment, the Pone1 f ist Invoked the p m I ~ & / o n basedon whlch the no~ion 4/0 dvillan parcon la wried

&tic/# 3(1)(a) 4J the Geneva Conwnrllon Mmbe to the Pw?aclkm 4 Civilian perm d m # c b U h cy "Persons taking no acthe pml In the iractilities, Including mumkn afand/orasr who how lald down the& anus and t h placed hwr de wmbrrt by alakwss, wounrLtI clhtentlan, or tuy ather zcuse. "

Ilrk Anlde mqtdm /ha thb catsgwy #pvrow shall In all cinwnsl0nces be mated humanecjr, WIWU a&m dlsctImlno~lon based on rrres, &or, mllgion or filth, sex,

llrs abow-me~vtoned wUnauas who ~(~t#led abut people being taken m v o y ~ the Vamb stated &I Baw,kk men mvs @ken f i work, when rlrey ngviarly came lo work. Fwthw. wlolor Zajmba Osmanbqp& s&W that het husband Nail and neighbor HM Ahmetrpahl& had h n taken fm their Aomu in th late mning mrd ear& mow11~ hours. lkn$m, them & no daub that they wera unarmed and not kcombat. T h Wuradprtdsc. wibmsms SuwdSubaild andSuad Ddowc stared rhqy hadbspntakan4ut~theirhames unarmed.

People wem &ken mwy at any tlme of dqv or nlgtrt, m a t t@mjhn~ their homes. Men wy~m~tohondlncr l lwcqp~cc iwyhodintk l r l io~ . nte),rreranpamtedfiom women; m e wra kllled immediately, an$ cmd taken mnqy cmd newt been bund me A d h q In hiS tc(tIntorp,, stated tJMI a &rmlp crrlling I t ~ B e l I


. I

o r l m r i ~ m d a t t h e r w n c llmeacthe,l&ce Corp.@wthe U i l c e ~ u n n m a n d nrovmd OIU, th& group was b l l l e ~ in the V & p d Moral. me ma/ori& of the members a f h &I/ ~ 1 0 ~ 1 ~ r r r - &hi@, whlk MWV- M?~lt~e@v, Some dowl sarbs that the A d bmu liy s@t joined /hem. He also stated tha~ Milan LukIC'r ~ r y l r o o n c C p p r a a r a d i n l h e m n . k m L ~ a ~ a f t l r n r w w ~ L&cornstothe polke mt&nt but he nevg q w k ~ to him* #at/& "I did nor even kraw hh , bw the 0 t h roM it was Mlon L u M " llrs A& uotcd that d u r i ~ all the t h e bqJbns the @Ice Gorp, I& the BosnIa& handed In thek W~POM; the WB~POM wem mmtb huntlryl weepom, carbinest hnntie r#lest "rlrorguv *' and some plscol:. 7Xe wimm h l~w~stared that he persanaI& hndpmper crc~ipufir thelr seimm

On /he other had women, c h U h and the wem+ced to larrvrr thelr homes and mrrs gathend In fhe lown, w h m tlrsy w v ugrd and in~imldatd into depcvrhg f ~ t h e m n d t M r ~ a n d ~ I n ~ a n d t r u c k t h o r w c w , d r o move them out and amq& them to the tewlmy wrdsr condrol qfARBIH. W i m chrvibed lhese events In demi1, slating thal they wwe lold to enter thelr names In the I&t/iK wmqw and fd to sunwmkr rhek entln propqv* ro whlch wllnrss H.D. lerl@ed

All this co@md the wnchrcion afthe Panel lhal /he anark was dlnrctadqgoM the B w b k clvIUan popuiatrlorc. None afthe it@& w l m ~ e s or vktlma rwr omred, In . . un#&m or a1 the f ~ t i i m r

1.3. llrs Panel mached the conduslon beyond aqy dbubt that the connection benwsn the acts afthe Accused and the altack rwr p m t n bogEd on the Accused's tnembedrp m the h a t d o ~ loking JWI in the mt m k m h b w t ~ p m by /he fillowing d&mmentqv evldmae pwnted by the - tb : a cert@em #the Repubilka Srpr)o Mot PubUc &CUT@ &tion Vliegm4 dated N August 2000, eatcrblkhl~ that the ~acussd h#ko Mek ww a R I ~ b s r afthe Rapubllkn Srph MI jmm 4 April 1992 flvoqh 3 O h e 1996

lire Aacrued hlmmudd not cky t i r o r j h ~ . He stated he was a member afthe radewe &b j k e and wkud with mahrlel and ~ d n i m l equiwnent. He uorkd In that

untll &ptetnbw 1992. W w n g with malerlal and techniml equlpnrent, he #Iavgd the ordsn afthe pollea commanab and ncelvad o d r s each drry, most& ibrklng on the ro- VMegW - Vadac. and 1- V i f q m i - Uwnnhur. As he rmW thqv had hug s t 0 1 y ~ In ( Ikmnk. His dptk were to t& cam afthe shod goo&, the pollee rtmwh, taking ow a f w and cmd h e r mllltmy Items, un-, twum~nltlon, el&

Lelek contestad he start@ &/a afhk llyyiae; he Ire he was mobUked on 20 April 1992. Wlth w r d to the spucgc akgatbns in the lndktment, the dare he jolned the nuarwpollaejhm is not a &cisk#ict. k t 13 im-t Is the#ict Ehar he Accused ww a member qf the rawrw police fbm In lhe perlod rrleuan~ to the lndichm~ Witnwses Zejneba Osmanhpuld and wltnrss C, who had brown the


A m m e d m b @ h the war, s W w s a w hlm on ~n r rm l aeewlotw In un&n and d.

All fhe a& wlth which the A d was &aged and& whkh he haa been found guIIv by the Panel oacvrrsd e I I k in Aprih Mcpr or June in other wwdr, the tlme of thq widespread and qpstemalle anad In addition to the fact hat fhe A d was a pollcmnon In the m h t pa- the P a d now tkn them is evldence p i n g thor the polIcajhe# wem plvl #the attack, and rlky m&toak ouh,ItIesjFom which one could undoub/ed& d ~ a d a thor thelr a ~ r r ~~l~t i tu tedpor( qf the attack lXe+ml the e v ~ u m this tlm~periodl whlch wlll be eqdolned lamr1 dear& w t that the pollea went to Mudlinu'laousas and& ddiyllms outl /OH- them to the polite station jbr I n h v m g a t ~ A h , It was ro the pollea station that the men ware token, and them /kg, w m *gated and /orfumd, as rpec@aIb indieaid in Coun/ 4 of the In&~mnt. IRepolka abopprldelpled In thejiwdbte tmnqftw @tk p o p u l o t i o n ~ m. 7Re A c e d look prt In these acts, pegzehotlng them CWUCIOUS?, cad wII~uI&. In addltlon, o/her acts which iw) place In V & p d at hat tlme/lr In& the ulmlnol pptfem and armnor be s@led ow frwn the unua d the attack. UnIawu/LI di?prhurtIona cf llbqy, fim'ble war of the p o j m h ~ mpa, and crus of severe sexual vIdmce against wonten an? all acts mentioned by the wUnauas as omwing &I& the attack lltaf thaw acts mrnr ~ ~ ~ l m / t t e d d e & agalmt mt&rbs, priinarlb ?fwllnrr, Is evidentE.on, wlmess SIOICIAMId, tw well m / . i ~ ~ C M w l i m rhetoric in connection wl/h fhese ocln 7lm menrionedacts am exwly rlrare the Panelfiund /he henuad criminally nwpmible jbr perpehotl~ None ofthe Amused's acfs can be rtngled ouf or sepme or dlsrlnel jhm fhe owrcrll cwnu.

14. &/the A a c u c r d ~ a b o u l t h e o t t & & b r s r ~ b y t h e / o c r t b t k wasa policeman at the dawn/ //ma He w a apanon who, when comparsd to an averqge cltlzen, w a sum& in a posltlon ro know wkn .war howlng . During the entim ~iododn?levant to the indtc~ment, he Accused w a a policeman. In h& kcstImony, fhe A& swed hat h& hea@uarlerl wry in the police slotlon, but that he was larked liv' the pollac cwnnrrrurder to diwibute food & chdpolnts and n&y/irel s\ley dqy. Accodt&l he hw annmd the town andrim when many heinow deadc occurred by dcpr and n@t1 uoclly at the rime covered @ fhe lndWn,mt (kilIings at the bridge f o l l o w ~ whkh bodIes#bated in the river, toHng men muqy. sepwution ofnoderbs and thlr t m n & ~ the tmw, ~ n e m e n t h the poliat station, ue). In 4ddtiorz the Acccusd perpa/m/d these crlms wih o/her Indlvcluols who jwrric@rod In slmllar crimes and wlth marnkrs of polkc, mlli~my and prvrmllllroy *ups who wmm1tt.d the widrpnad and ~temat ic a n d All thk clear& Indicates t h the A@ w a wn@@ anwm #the attoe) otxurrlug in V & g d thmighout April, Pqv d h n e 1992, and hat he knsw tho/ h& aaioM wntributd to the anact

fn, I/&/ ~f the above. the Panel d w l u /ha the dewant 0 ~ l . r d during a ividiqmad d r)olemarlc attack arrled out by Serb cvrnx pollee andporomlll&~y firmallom agalrr the civlllka, populculon of the VMcg*md munlcpoliry, and thor the A ~ c r o l e d w par/ #the aim& and knew that hh ,isions w m brl-oftk attack.


lh IndiEhrenl sets the bac@vmd #the p e w o n , Inter a/&, wlthin an awned wflicL Hmuer, the Panel dM not eqgage In establishing the jbct and 9p#&l dabwrrtrilon in thol rsnrcl. Rather the P d coduakd thar, for th& pn ladm WhlhUl it mrad 10 ~IUbldrl, Ih8 (Prldl8llCS # a W- rmd r)aremorlc a n d tu a m & y dement dthe whinal 0- of cz.lnm ~@IM k n l r y .

B, As& the vuy wimlnal acts aclsiauiq~ the q&nx, the Pratdcutlon wlurareac bho &@ad wlth mgard to the clnumsm ~ f t h e crlminal acts r&md to In the d@hrent Counts #the hdlcrmenr am malnly dkc t ~ i t n ~ d o p 1 to the events, and soas are a h dlrao~ vlulmb.

1. Count I #ha lndinm~nt allsgar l h on an unpc#leddate, In rp r l~g 1992, in the morniw hours, the A@, in a gmp, with Mtar Vbs/&ev& a Luklb ( h i r e r Q/ 6Wqje LU#E), and another two tmlden~@ed men, dl awned wlrh automatic rFes, bnnight at l e ~ t f i u r unMsntCfisd elclerly Baanld civillan men by tmk frorn the "ViUno vlos" spa, whem they had bean~lmprlsoneti to a concmte plar~mr on the Drlna Rlwr hunk in the place m l l d Sarcr In Vlbcgrod, whem they jbtcedrhem to step Into ths W v p to thebwdsr, ond than theykilled~hem by ahooti~g them In the bock wlth olrtomatic rves.

AS& ~ovn t I qfh? Indlmt, the p r o r d wwlasrc K R car@?d with rclgmd tomthe ihwmmmw Mrrsd to In &is COML H& penovrol details wem not d k d d to the D&&, and at the moh H a 4 the &'hue WOW the rlght 10 c ~ w s e m l n e this wUness, wbkh & wlpr the Panel analyzed rhb chueterbtk of the evhasnea havlq in m/nd the r&hm #the

¶~~?rqih , r h am two fhca dmr to thin mrlnnmy. 'Ilhe jhrr one b tlro, the klentiry qfth& w l m ww Cornpare& unknown to the &/he, and the second & that t h i s w l ~ i s t h e o n r j , ~ i h s x s m t h e ~ # d h r A O N S a d w i r l r m g a r d m t h & C o ~ r 17rk pisec of evidence, in term #the pmcedml -IS #the &$me, & di@mr JM e v l k pmated

% onljr evldrusw m p p r l i ~ Count 1 #the Amended ldchnent m anonymow wlme~s RB, who test@ed vlo video hk fnon a mp~mte room wi:h/bW and wice d&~wlh?n, h o d e r & p m r c r c r h l s ~ i y . - 'he L;m. on P-IM # witnesses d r -at and Vn/nembte WU-s (Hemina&r: LoWP) and Mlcls 91 @the CPC BiH -ids that under aarroln extreme cim~~~Iances, a wi- 'r i&ntI& nnpr be wUhheM- the A d and D&nse C o d crnd wsh0 nnpr t w t e a-Iy. mprocrdlrsforprovidl*fbr anog~mI& for wlmems & wr our in Anidar Id thnmgh 22 o j the &WP. lhor p m d m con#mrp/atas that the Court, in prlvale session, para questionr to he wlmess, whme ldentl~ Is withheldjkm the A c m d and his lmvysr as wall tu the puMIc, and thar a M N C ~ I ~ ~ #the annverr ro thaw qwtfom be mad ow in the main trkl. W th& procsss. neither the Ptosecuf&n nor the D~$(~wI a n quesfion the

.. a.


w l ~ in d lmt or In ara# ~ I n o H ~ , #tor can ellher ohem In mry manner the witness whllc the wltna$a k mawering the q m t l ~ l ~ ~ . In oder to pnxeed under Arride I4 st scg., the COW nw/Cnd rhor "exceptioMI dmunwances" arlst and /liar "rhers & a m a n w r&k to the penonol afthe wlhou or the witness 's/bmI&, and /ha/ the rlsk Is so.mwm that there am ~wt@bd masam to MI~YB that the risk Is m I ~ ~ t o & m ~ ~ * b t a o t ~ ~ g i v e n . o r X I l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ b y the testimony. Uthe~ abndt lo~~ am ma, rlrs C4M m q dOndW a wlmess pm~ction hearing in wlth Ankles I5 thw& 23 Qfthis &w. "

In thtr case, the Pmecmlon m o d that the wlrnsss k allowed to lest@ ~MQMIOW@ an 18 June 2007. Iha Pad , Mar condwtlng a hearing in a dosed serrlon on the same &, conchded /ha/ t h valid raruons f i r gronfing the Prosecu~lon's motIan that the whms's kientiQ be wlrhheld the A d t tk L&the Counsel and the public

~~t the P d jiwther /bund /ha/, aI/ha& anonyn,/~ as mquested by /he Pmeuuton wmlustCned. that ~ I j i w d h u and c m ~ x a m l l o n bv w of the ptucedum a i I ~ I ~ ~ L O ~ Y P - ~ S ti01 neceswy IO protea wlma~i and that o pmpowlonanr reyronro m the &ngerfiwrd would & to grant amnplry, bur to provide he -I?, jb dlrscr and min nation of the wltnws c0))tm~utEy ond in the main trial. 7b Coun rhq&m odmd that the wihtess's /dent/?, bs wlthheldjFwn the A d and D@me cOllnS8/, ~UI /hat h w l ~ s test@ at the main rrlal, subjw to dimel and aasr-arrunInatlon by the partIes and d. In order to prorcc, -/rye the Courr o d e 4 that the witness testifi Iron, a qmmm mom with Image and v v b d&hwlloon llrs Covrr rms authorkcd lo pmvide the p r o ~ i o n s hat It dld by v l m of ArIIdas 14 thm@ 22 drhe Lo WP, whIch grant the COW the mthar& to ordY the nract e x / m pmh~hw memum, in ~ u l t c l l o n wirh Ankh 130, whkhprwlrlat:

"a Caror m 4 ~ q@r hewing r iept les and the l%$n.w Aaomey, &ida that the /dent& Mrhe w l t na & not d k l d by allowing the wit- to ICSI@ behind o qmm or wllei~g eleewonle dIsIo~Ion afthe uoiat #the witmms or the l n w #the wirnb~d, or both the hqp and the v~lce, & wing techn~ca~ meanajb ~ r r i n g ha@ andround "

By to doing, the Pam1 complied wlth AnIda 4 qfrhe Lo WP: "llie Cowl nrqy order ruch wlurarr pmrection meaaw prwMadfbr by thls Law as It considus nea?ssaIy, Mcrdi~ the ~ i m t i o n #mom than oror, mamum at the same //me. %+en declding whkh afthe wlurwpmtee~lon m e a m & to k @led dm Cowr shall nor order the @ I w t l o n a f a m a n , ~ m ~ ~ t h e s a n r a ~ c m , b s ~ ~ h I a v s d b y ~ l c r r t l o n @a less scrw*~~ m e w r a n

~lr l ro& ~ I W I S ~ was hemby rnodr to pnrrcmra rho an&mtatlon r@hu 4hz Accosd nonelhela~ the Accwds r&hl lo fill ooaars lo lnhrmatlan mlmnt to t x x e ~ ~ & thm r* .rc#r -IS& by tie ord~r afm,&/ry ~rlactet i t i

mtad by h e P d . h I n i w its d i c r , he Pone1 WM "take


llmlted use #the avirkm obtahdjhn an ammymom wlk~r. ' lRat I& k limlrad lo a &uwbomtiw rda. ArtkIe 23 #tha &WP stam: "l%e .Court shall nor b m a CmVIcrton eIhw Sole@ or to a k & i w rrarMl on sv- provided acoonilQ to ArlIcl~u 14 rlrmwh 22 #this law."

n k pwkion afthe CPC k MIW awkHurt wfih the Gumpeon Comwlon on Human Rlghtr. Under the & u q w n Convantlan on fitnan Righm, the P d Ir u~wble to bum a conviction d e b or lo a daclsEw ex~ent, on ha ~ ~ U n r o r t y #on anonpaus wlacew becam &I cvlrdsnn cannor be tasted ty on adqua18 andpropar hppom~nly to ows-oramim as pmM by the ECHR, Arricle 6(1) @lr nlrrr) and 6@)(i9, tu In rhe aarar Qj the Europ~la C o r r ~ #Human R&h& Kbskmkl v. firs N 8 l h e d d Jw@nt qf20 Nowntbv 1989, .Dovmon v. t?rs IVethwlan&, Ju@ment 4 2 6 Mmh 1996 and Van bkhelen and 0 t h v. lhe Nelhwlcmds, Jm&nent ~ f 1 3 April 1997.

"3. E- &aged with a crlmlnOI Q@W haa the/bllowi~ minimum r/ghta: (4 IO aamine or h uxamlned wimwaea ~ ~ ~ I I u I him....'

rJM &uppeon Cowl htu heU thal "a a gmed n r l a m p b I and 3(4 #Anide 6 fdthe &umman Convenrtonl rcquim that rlra Mn&nl & ~ l n m an a&uute and

offporhrniily to clrole& a d question a w k s s agalst hlm ellhe; when he kkea his staremen1 or of a lorcrs~qe. ." Van A&cheIw pam. 51.

ln Count I, the h$im wru @en the qpomnliry to cyoda-examlne the witnwa, who # in the pmaedhga thm@ video link- another moml wlthjke and volts d&~or~Ion~ in wdar topruuw hk ,ltI?,. IRIS conprtr WM rlw obI@arion #the Panel to p l d e coun&rbalancI~ memms 00 hat he Dajbnra rnqy hawe an "odcqUOl8 -MI&" @' - h t h . & 04/bW d d / d 10 aWr- examine, argulw that bcwwe #the slluatIon, cmnr-ea~mlna~ion would nor be ~neanln@. Ik I r parItIon & coIu&Ienl wnli ha ruliw af tha Europron Courc on whut conttl~utes "an adquote and p i t p r qpiunl?, lo - m k " In the WIndLsd wa. Ju&mmt af 27 September 1990, the &umpean Coav~ slated rhor ssp]eIng unmu~va #[the wl1mms7 ldentirlas, the @@me waa ~~ 191th an ahnoat I ~ ~ o u n l o b / l r hadcap 1 waa * I d # the nsosstcrry l ~ m m l l o n pennltd~ It to ursr rhs wl~nesser' nllabllly or 01101 doubt on rlrclr crcdblliy. " See alw, Kostouski v. lh N e M d . Nm- the q&m &ken by the Pond to CoUnterboIa~ the @ i Q f ~ o ~ l ~ on the r&hl to ~ m I n e wars n@cIsnt to pemir use 4 h l(~tin10ny in a rormbom~lw 1~18, but, ding to ECHR jw&pu&nce not s@clent to allow a d I c r to & based on that mlmony to a "dacl~iw want".

lh Gurqpwn Cowl 00l~Mend o wn, w k rhs Accused rwr comIEIEd "ro a dec&im WWI" on the baa& ofs~alemsnrr by anonymow pdke Maam. l lm d e w


-mine, dby warn prechndfionr obsen4~ the wimesses' dmmmar dwing ~ d i ~ ~ ~ c x m n l n a t t l o n o r a w r &causaflraymarrinsqnm~ roomsoonnecledbyon d o !Ink n# combination 4 tha -try 4/ the wimss and the i~mbiliry to o h n m the witness whlle /es/@hg w a s m to violora the A c d ' r right to afoir ~ r l o l a n d ~ a ~ t a ? & n . hCo~aald,""nfarsrmanmucanno~be~~~Merda proper suluH/utejbr the pacsibili@ d t h e d@m to guestion the wl/nesm in their pmmm and make th& ownJu&nent aa to tlwlr demeanor and d l a b i l l ~ . " Van MaohaI~ll.

lRi is In oword wlth the MIS plotacled by the IntemtIoml Covenant on Civll and PoriicaI Rlghla, Article 14, or Intapn?led b the Unlrrd Na1101u Commlm on Human Rights. UN hamtant CCPM9Add.75.9 AprU 1997, pmcnt. 21 and 40. In thm " o b m w t h " the ConrmIttras will- the unr @ a n m a w wUnesses ar violotiw of- 3(b) and (8) ofArtiele 14.

In Count I, the c w n b l ~ ~ o n @the anonynI@ of the witneaa and the inablll?, #the Dsfinse to obrorva the demeanor of the witness bacmua t# the image ond voice distonlon necessUakd liy the onaqm~l& m& it ImpsIble ta base a convktlon on the test/- #that wlmeaa to a "dccsIw extent". lh teatlmony m&ht &e Iypolly u r e d t a ~ ~ s ~ a v ~ o n ~ o ~ I ~ ~ ~ d b c b a s e d . Inthat core, the amqvmow NII~IIIIO~ wodd be oorroboroth of other "doclsive" evidence. H-, In Count I, the Iestlmony dthe ananpoia wlrnasd k the only evidence thor a crlme ww committed and hot &e Aanusd commlued h e crime. It k no1 e h d t n w i u r Many other M s i u r evklam.

lRe atp?s that the amwpmua wlhrau'r t e s t l ~ nw a o m b o m t e d ~ the slm vlslt, wwlrars she assem the t o p g q d ~ y &tantIates the deswiflion g k n by the wltnea and q@hs thar N would have been pauibls to sas the ficus curd hear the wicm @the pepmlon at the rnlmnt Ume. Evan j / he alte v&/l praved what the Rmeeu~or oacsrrs. It atlllfilla ta pnwide any evlthce ofthe aime 11seg leaving the ~estimom0rly ofthe ononylnwr wit- or the o+ evidence of the &me. lh Thaue ir nor w h d w them is combomt- evlrlbces at ta longen~hrl h u m (uediblll~y, abillry to o h and hear), b~ rather whether there & other decisive evidence on which to he the d i r t . gsnch evidmm alzrcd, then tha anotpmu mstinrony, ~ b a I ~ . could be c a m b a t h of thor other e v W and t h / i u c k cwrsMarrd and we@& when the Panel mlmtad whether the PmecuUn had met lrr burclan o/ p~oof beyond cdoubr. 7Re Panel dosr nor need to determine whether other evidonce ~ b o m t 0 1 the amqymow wlrnau 'r teatlmoqy. %t It m a t ded& k whe l k them 4 s@dent other avldeme on which to base a d i c t , which the anqym~us witness's test/- can comboma lRum isno such evMance h thkporrleular aars.

lht ~ t b n hPl falled 10 produw a@clent eviiaknce vpon whlch thlz P a d can he o wrdlcl ofgrrllt kwnddoubt and thetqjim it&& that the Aamredshould be qaguIucdQfh8 &gas wldsr Count I.


. . of he IndiclRlenz he ~anrrrd is w lk # & a 1 sqmwe sarr of

cmurlb. W11h rqecvd m Count 2 ofthe indcmm~ lhej5IIm1ng wimtwm lculrped: Wmbo OsmanbegmrC. M r d a I;ab&ovlP Vaim Tabakovib, M @ h MemlfeviCl A m Osmarrqglk Arnsla W C Zinem KuldUal Hmka Dudevl&, BaMm HosefrO, w U ~ S a n d C d W m ~ M u l r N . S M n r o f t k w ~ w h m ~ c d w i r l r r a g a d to them cimmtances an ~~, and some am nol direcJ eyawllnems lo the went.

It wuu established b a d on he mtimonies d o l l rlrs crrronrined witnesses tha~ the qllegu~lonr oftk Pmectdkm arcr provsd on& bneemlng the c h a w of raking mrry Hown AhnwspahlC and Nail OsnmkgovlC and lonuriw bJneba CkRPonbqevh? and her mather, ot well 01 amernhg & j h W e h~n+~of&atbn by &op jm Ylfsgrad and rha~ the cnrcvll acnand in June 1992 in the ssnlemvrr ofCnrLb, which is the O/ /~~OI /ON ofthe fd&tmen~ wem adsp~ed in the 0-ha pa of the Verdia

~.Wl tmw Wneba Cktnan@viC MW wlth wrrd IO he taking a w q ofHasan Ahmetsmhid and N d O s m a ~ i C and abuse of Zaineba O s m a n b d and her rn~lhw; and the Panel fin& thar~rer t e s t i q 13 &aete& rallable grid com~rtA. l718 w i w was mecis8 in dwcrlbine the events in the zettlunsnt ofCht9 she ~

~ivcd ant~ also h i d e d -inciG identul~tion of the ACC& or one of the pepmams. llie Panel had no dilemma m n c m i ~ the porrldplrtlon of lhe Accused

With q p d m hb went, the. h&mdpmry, winus SrJneba Osmanhepk!, mr&d thor on I June 1992, at mMhlglrt, hub Wek came to her irouse WM 01he.r . hmanovl& and Gordmro An&/& H%en tlwv arrived the9 bm&t Hasan Ahmetspahit! with them, all coverrd in Mood. lR&rukd fwm& a n d ~ e k l ~ . 7hqy wem dl am& lRe wiursss smtd lhar Mek &ok her husband our &the house at one poh& H~bro~hImba&Sl )arson~f fme. ~ n h e ~ t h l r n ~ s h e s m u ~ h a t her husband Nail was all caved in blood and hi& nave was hkm I@ the house at (nDund 03:30 takirlg NaU and Hasan with them lRqy gave no rXpanar&n then as m why Nail and Hawn bs@ t& mvqy. nm wlmcu also stated tlwr soon q/?w they won t a h mvay, Hasan wuujbund in th clRho riwr. while her hvkwrd ha8 not)^ b c w l j h d A j b her hwbattd was taken awqy, she st@ in the houscl whlch mar part& bum^ on IS June 1992, and q&r thatl on 18 June 1992] she ~ ~ I c d ~ h e l f w u s a n d r d d r o g o t o t h e ~ r a i n ~ t o l ~ ~~agrod.

$kz Pone/, however, was nor bound by the legal d@nltIon of tk @am or proparrd by the Ptvaeculor. lh Panel d@ned these actions or mvm duprlmthur ofphysical Tikr?, with qgad to Nail and Ha.wn, althtngh d r thk Count ofthe IndIcrrnat, the Accured was chaw with the aa o f ~ d ~ n c e a n c e r n i ~ them two I~mdporller.


: fmpr&onmant dr other wwre dsprIw~ion #&sical //berry; h vidcuion offdamentd rules Qflntwnutlonol low;

Withdlncc~orindinrcrintunt.

l)rued on the test- ofwlrmw Ckmanbegovi6 it was &rJL u~ablhhed thor these M I v ~ I s wcrre d@wd ofIlbu9, cypirasl their will and rcrkmjhm the houror. 7bt the dsprhmHon ofllberiy was ~ w n , is clhor&m owmll clmnw~unca under which the Ocr oacwrad -1 evening in la& evening hours, durlng ih attonk on v&gmd, them thme indhMuo& came anncd to the house #the I M d prrrllar. In doing so, they acted in o wcly tho1 mm& cmucd the v I c r i m w due to all t h e cimumstances. TRat thls &pdvatlon of U m tvas sevem b dear #vm the unulitlon the indk/duaIr; thsy w m b t e n andamered in blood w h ~ m Homn Ahmetspahid was stabbed and bleeding.

jjhar tm was in V/OIMIO~ qfthejimdmental rules ~f/nt-tionu~ law is clear f k m the f i that these Indvlduals wem cIvllltw. None ofthe t h m lnd~ldwrls who coma to the house ally ~ lonot Ion j5r tha victims wm taken awq, nor did tlray cormbomte the n d to dtrpriw the vIct/ms oftheir if-.

In the Kmojelae case, lha lCrY concluded that "0 dqwlvaUon of an indivlduoll's libprp will be arbiomy d rlrsmfonr, unh@ yno legal barls am, b called upon to jtut~a ih initial deprhtlon giibvry. ." llrr Indivldur,la cfthelr iibvry were nor l ~ a b o w the rsvuonr Qf~hat d4ppiwtion ofilbeqv. lh Ju~t@blliry of such a deprhnmlan ofIibet& was nor under aomMamtlon in a murt or &in&tmtiw pmceedhg. lhm rwrcr no Isgo1 groumlrj5r the dsprivatbn 4fIiW.

me Panel d u d e d that the Accused acted with d i m In- W o n t h e m rhor h e k w w w h o s e h A B c a m e / o a n d w h a t t h e t a s k ~ 7%emmnerinwhich the A c e d p m r i c i p p ~ CtsaK whkh witnw ~ ~ h ! ducribed, entering her house, mking nronvry and goM, taking OW hw h h n d ond bringing him back bered in blood, and then ordoring that the l n ~ p n ~ and her m o / k k abuscd, clear& Indtuatu that ha wvu aware of h& actlon and wanted the act to k done. Momover, due to the/5ru that tk Accnxed was a polleeman and swcly Rnao that when he dqptlve8 an lndb,lduol of liber&l I1 mnu & wlth due proaur of low, and by no means can the dspP3wtbm qflibar& incircds arbitmy bsohent, andponicuIar& noi mthI~111#11 and mMmrr~nwnt.

lb Accused is rpor the one and on& pctpelmlor of th& A&ng to 14% larrmar~, ~ f t h i s witmas, he acted together tvith another two individuals and made a ~ ~ w ~ ~ s ~ u t l l o n fo tlw prpetrat&n of the qgirma by entering the house with the p o o h l i h t e n i n g the clvlllans in the h o w wlth weapons and phyrlwl abuse.


demandim money and gold- /hem am4 @g8lh8r with the iwo 0 t h ~ WOM. he brum~b them $II&W~ d o l i n g the6 pnarrcrcd UMIV ii-iki law. lk Panel aonclrrdar rhrr1 the A d thanty med ar o -tmtor in the - - conmiasion #this c r l m i n ~ l ~

7 % ~ aexs o/tk A d j i @ l l e d the &metus #thk ulnbml adI w h & with regard & rlbs takJt~g a w q #the i~u~edprutias Hman Ahmet@N andNail Ommbqpvl&, /he P m l d i d n o ) ~ h l a g o l ~ & a t i o n # e ~ @ m e d d l r q p p s o m n n , a c prapmed by h Ptwecwor'r wee. lh mI8wllt denntn&for_the commission #/he @me o/"e@rced dhppamlloe" with which the A m war char@ orr smied in Artlde 172 0) &)# which mak ar/$llomc . .

I) Aherr, &ention or abdwlon #persons; 2) ~ v . o r w i t h t h e & w l r o ~ l o n . ~ o r ~ m o j : ~ ~ l a t C o r a p o l ~ l c r r l

. ~ i p r r t i i o n ;

3) Followed by a R$IMI to achowl- lhl deprCwllon offke&nn or to givc il@Immion on thefile or w h b o u u QfhpersOns;

4) With an aim of mnnwlng them frwn the protccllon ofthe /mu for o pmkmged perlodm-

Although these rwo penonr hawe nor been seen alive ever since, lltero is no evlcdenoo as to what the A W apeeC/imIEj, knew would lrrrAprur to them o m thsy wem taken

nor is them evidence 1ha1 the Aanusdbrsw about thefite mwltitq~ /hem at the time h8 u n I ~ I & dqpriml rkm gf libsriy and loo) them w i ~ l m s r r O M I ~ s M I s d h e l r o d ~ ~ m k e n t h e m o u 1 ~ 1 ) 1 8 h o u s e . InouMiIion,cI~(~~ ifol mven whal qmc@caIb the Accused had rhought lhe pml outcome #such o laking muqy would be; In ollrer uo&, w h e b h& intention was to dqwlve the v n a taken away QflegalpmeclIon for a prolonged period of time or lo @be to give bgbmmtlon on their fih or whe1Wb0W q@r he had dtprhed them aft-. lRis spec@c kmwle&e would p i n t lo a specgc intent, h e aristencu #which & quid in tha elements #his Arrida Due to rkk dqtldeney, the P d did noljlnd ha^ /he dements the criminal 0- # H d dlsqppamnce wers f l l j ied. ~ k , 0s explained earlier, the o ~ r #- dm@/ deprhlfon #IIbw& which is also o crime against humani?,, was p r o m

& Wih ragrrd to the I n ~ p n r l I s r wnsbrr Omronbegovit! and her nwhw the Panel fin& t ha~ Um ads # the Amurdfi@lled the domenb #lorhnr # the hw i$jurcdporrIesD @bred lo In AHMe 172(I)@ @the CC #BW.

Jb aIemencr ofwnim am d@ned in Ar~iele 172@)(a) #h CC 4 BIH:


D m & dl- awmInat&n by the Pmecul~r, witness OamanbqoMh s/ated that the same ewenlng she wm orrlarsd lo gel mdmsed HmrIng mqwled and mlved ~ l j v m L e l e k , ~orcknadhertoursdturhernunhaaswel~pointeda r@a or the and then o n l e d her /a slt on Hason's smmach. Hmbg (lona I&, tb wlhrasr rcnv that ha hod baan smbbed in the r t o w ~ ~ ~ h While Lelek was w i h lrrr -110 and OIivv mIrmIed them, but the mh~~wtment wntlnued awn when Uek nr/utned. lh p e p ~ d w s I@ the lrorrss at a d 03:30. ~ w i ~ ~ h a d & l & I n l h c a r ~ a r r l r e i # * t o n w l r o ~ ~ m ~ how that even& In @t&n, d e has known fha ~ c a u r d ever slum k was a m m a n , a n d s h e ~ k n h I m a n d h ~ J h t h e r ~ e d o , whamshedloseetage~her.She k ~ a v OIIW ~rr-id and A&& 41.

-

Dude the ~ l ~ l o n by the Lkgba C o d /br the A d , wihr&u ox^ sumi that rha A c c d had I@ wlth lrer hutbend NaII bej6?a she got u ~ o n d a h o r ~ r ~ 0 4 / r h s n J M d ~ ~ / b r ~ t o r n , l c m v i n H a ~ n Ahmeupahid 'r h. IlrIs/bu leaues no niantfir he Panel 10 doubt the com11uhm t&11 lhe A& parlkipated or a caqqwrntor in tortwiq the i ~ u r r d pony Z$mba O s m a n ~ i d and her 80yaar old ma~her.

& his miom, the Acamd nnnh o dedsh conlrlbsrtIon to rha tomm afthese PO wonmi l%atewni~ w h e n t h e ~ c e d a n n a d a~letol lrsho1~1)4/ ihehjd ~ ~ m & , a n d ~ r i a P t I J M I ~ u r c d p o y y d h e r n r o l k ~ untimsed,he w a s ~ a w a r e 4 / h 1 6 c r c l l o r , a n d ~ ~ ~ l f e d H f o k d b n e . l k /ber i r tharborhfhe in- and k mher w m wmpletely W ~ S I in k t slmtian and qulte masonab&fbdj&r fheb liva, and the Accused, armed and a port ofo viden~ grorq,ledbyhlm, i n r t r c l r a s i h ~ ~ l o n n n d y h a d ~ r r o l o v w ~ ~ ~ a n d ~ ~ l ~ d the wirmrs and her mo/hw. Once the Aaerrred t ~urnsd wlth Nail, /he mishrr~/menI aftham aonllncad in the manner that their and &d mar taken m. iwn thigh the was not pmeni in the manr wh& the &jrmadpaw ~ejneba srrr on Hwm'r s t d , the Panel wnctuded /ha/ the A d auxented to all acllom d r f a k e n that ewning by W n a and O l k , s ~ c 0 I l y beamuo lh/s <Idant paup war led by /he A c d and because the subseqwnr e m & laokplacs rd)v tlrs Acetad had o r d a d that the wi- Ornwnbegovit and hur 1110th~ undiau.

Is act fo whkh /he yursdp~vrk wrre)hed In imr/hrrt no consequences as to t '1: pbiaaI p i n and e i g /a rhe i d d pr& and her mother. Hmew, I/ vlmcrod in an oMlrrll wnm~ @the ~VMIS, the time d the ewenu was bemen n~idhlght and 03:30 a.m., It irrqppsrrad at the tlme o$a wlde.qpmd and~tematk attack qgolnst BasnIcr) chrlllmu. mombws 4/wh&h w m the lwo pa*^^ rlrcry warn m$ed and --in a h t theh Ib and file, or d by wlhars Osmanbqovh! bed{ drrring her aurlmoqp ?%em Is no &ubI that Ihq wm suueeted lo nuen *ring and menml pain at &OSE momen~s~ es@aI& due IU rlre$w~ i h t Ihq wemfimd by the Accused and o b s to mnhssI which ImI/b a humUia11ng and degmding ocr, not on3) IO &e wlmacs but o&o lo hw mother. W I ~ M z4/1~ba stated hi & Aacrued


them to undLa~ and sold "get dd p u &/asu (a derogoUvr* M 1 n 1 women), w h M w p r s e u r b y ~ w l o r a u m n o r M ~ ~ t e d a s h u ~ ~ ( ~ ~ b ~ a n d r l w r ~ k &mM beamua all rhna #them wem a n d wlrh rfles. Ihh ewnr hos I@ an l d l b l e 11nprtnt an the m o w #U& wlmesa, who stated in her testimony tha~ this a u ~ t w o u l d k t h ~ b r c u i ~ c r r r f w l i v & r .

Asregmhhh Inknfbn, ~&nodoubtthatheactdwUl, the WsnttosnbJearharr, toarclit~mtment, w h I c h w a r d u d a d h y ~ Panelbacadon~~rlurrheaannto the hgusc, inter alh, wlth the InIent lo a h rhcnr and ordend borh #them to get ~ , c t u . t ~ a n d l d ~ ~ k k u n c . H . Irhdetwthaffhe4~1#1heALWUCd fiplled the alemenu ofthe act oftorhuu

/n m ~ ~ t ~ o n to tha a b o w - m r n ~ ~letnents. the ICIY anti the ~h have MMIW an oddtiom1 e&ment @Irpp to whleh, pmum ta Internatlonal cu8tomary law, the i~ i c r i on ttfsawurr pain or s e h g w lh the act #m&rlng must k 'W the p-e #obtaining iqfol~lalkm or a ~ I a n : punklrllng Inllmldatlng or cmwelng the vIuIn~ or a thid person, or wlbr the ptopaw ~fdkcrlminatlng on my gmmd, ~ ~ ~ I I u I tha vktlm or a rhMpenon. '* An anahis 4th cornml~ted acts mobs It clear that the Irb(rvadpart1~1 w m a- & ro the~ba that wem BamIak and MMm, and rhat such mrmewf #them WOr SO= XOIi #Sad&tk abtrwjbr the pur~are Crfdl~lmInatIrpp W / N ~ thenl On tk pun& ttfthlr ethnic aflllotfon.

l b q ) b , althat@ the exbrence g l h h ehmd b not requkd under Article 172 # the CC o/M, In thh particular caxa this element hos been fitfulad in acam&nm Glth mtomqv in-tional h.

jhc ~ o n e l ~ ~ ~ t h a t c n d u m r e v r n k g h g n t o t h b w l ~ ~ t e s t h n ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ bn the &Is #the feu that $he knew th8 A d a he wlded In V l hgd jb r a long tlme. ~ w I ~ a l r o ~ ~ h h l n ~ w u r r r o o m o s t h e p v s o n w h a a o m a t o l r s r horw thar wen& She a h stated that she had known O i k blhnamvg an$ Gorcdruro AWk! wall. me D&nce noted that fha tattm ofwlmess Zqlneba waa *arM wlth D&nce wltttems t.* r . w y#b #idid and R . L StanimImi4 who stated tlrey bnnv &h OUwr Kramanovld and Gordana A d l d but lrod newr men Lelek wlth them. Howawr, the PaneIflndr &at the testlmonIu are nor In wntm&tlon with the W l r r p o r g , # w h e m aCmanhpvld on$ ore nol muluol~ exchuk Ilk? porclcrrlar svurl #Intemstro the Panel occuwed @er mIdh&ht and In ear& mornI~& hence It 6 h&hEj, WrlUIEj, that anmom d d have seen It. On the Nher hand, fhe textknorp, #w- OsmanbqpvI& & dear and lulomblgmms, and the P a d doss not g ~ ~ ( ~ t l o n thlx wlmm 's crsdlblll~.

& As tqp& h & Car114 the Panell$mrd the A d gull& ttfjbrclble md&r # papula'llon ar well, m w I h w a Am Osn10- Amela Wid, Horkr D&lC


@nab0 C h m a n ~ I d and o k r s dcst#kd 7h wllnavar me 001uWent In that the A d wuw resn at least onor omtad and esawtlng btou that bumpr~ed women and ch l l hn fwn V&gd IO the lorrihwy under the C O I U ~ #the muhori~lar o/.the b R BiH. lh A d hlrnwvdld npr deny rhb facr, b u he &nId its u m b Howmw, the pad^ that the acts #the Aacrusdfi&lIad the dements Mthe crhintal oer @pteIbIe m+r #poplrIoli~)~

W i l l r a m A r r p C h ~ I C ~ r a d r l n r l ~ I @ h a r ~ o n t h e ~ i ~ # 1 7 J l a c 1992 with her@her and two childtan, Inrending to joln the aormoy IeavIng Vibc,grd men

gor to mwn, @&a hlek nrar there tw d l . She knew h&fither well; he was a t m ~ c p o ~ a The soldier who taok them thmutenedhe wuu going to kill them by a hndgmnak but Me) rdd him to take them mqu wlwrsupon the soldier took them tmwrdr the rqwnr When rtraygar there, 6108s wem aIma&jUI. llrare were some 7 burcu and 4 tm& lRay wm all ovemvndd; the tru& /m~ported Muslims, potn8n and childtaa l k m wem s8wml boy8 on her truck, a d as her fither. S o r n c o n e ~ t m d l o o ) h w ~ t e r Into thebus. ~ r u a s h e w m ~ n t . Lei& was also In he bw to which her dougker went. Rbn thqy came to the place befm 0 1 ~ ~ 4 when thcy (pr Our, ah8 saw Lei& When thw orrind sh t l ng a~rtad and she saw La/& rhoorw &wml people gor killed them. Her W t e r who was in one uf the btuac told her 1ha1 a nmn named Glodonac dme the bwl and that Lelek rws In the k

lylnwsr Amela h b l E ir wlbHur A m Osmamqgltb -er. lh akptwtwejS9nr he iown was orlpnizad at he sqwm in V- In the column #vahkIes tlwr wem nppad to toke them out, they mua a h to board a truck becaw all the buses wra /dl. l k m wem a 101 # p m ~ s In her bw. &#bo Lelek was escorting the bursr all tha t k Lulek w a in cumo@qsa uni/bnn. He aot next to her fimale %#bar, a d he nm armed 71w wltmw knew the Accused+ b&m He tvvu her nalghborl andshe hnew w h a ~ he I M He hudsomcwk long holr then.

MH UISO uotd she I@ magrod in a aarrvqy. a ~mtrred slro M rau, Lelek axw~lqg bruar mnqming Murlinu om #V&g&

Hash D&v# I M in Dn$&, V i h p d b q b the wr. lFhE stated they wem "thrown out frorrr DudQ by the Chamik': IRqy lllrmr h the house, four men arrived and thmv them out @the house l h m wem wund 10 #them, beaolldc aher women wera then. Whan aha smu the roldien, she got She an& mmemben tlicy had dmpu and millmy clothe$. l h y w m Wucorvlbred lo gel out 4/h house, and they dld ia l k y came lo town, thty ~uur 14/) them to bwrd the brrsos andgo muoy. Shefiund 0n&woarcnrrwlChi~rhwk?;nomurwvvatk

Ehenh of the act @fiIb le am dt$rrcd undar ArMGk 171(2)(d) mfiIIows:


I Wlthout g r o u n c l r p ~ ~ u r a d ~ in~nwtlonol limo. . . Ihadbr& a m l ~ i n g these MslimonIeJ make8 It dear w the clvlllmu who wcra h u r n p m l that dcry jsOn, VI$e&md I@ theb homes under constant thmam and intimhkrtlon. n i a hmqf&r OMII*Cd In June 1992. lhe Es~obIlihed FQCLV &m 26 to 30 a h ) , acmptd by the Pcrnslfiwn ths I C t Y ~ r n e n ~ ~ , clear& show that durlng thh period h wwe a lor #lncidenta in which civil lo^ were Hlled in Vi&gmd PsOpe dkqpeoml beglnnhg In AprU, and In thsjsrlowlng meml monrlb hu- #noASerbc rwrs killed, mainly bh1Ins - men, nwm c h U h and the elde&. Mby #the UUed wen simp& thrown Into the Iklm rlwr rcrhera a 101 Qfbadiw were &mdjlolrrng, while the number #dIrqtpmmm poked in Jim and Julj, 1992. lk mdorlN Q/ t h w uho dlmmmnd wem elvlllmnr. N d e r b clrlwnr were nrb&td to-& f i #mir~r6tkent and Inm,iI&t~on, such a and beotInga. Minw were tabrived dtheir wIYoblu. Jnlutcd or #I& non&rb clcrllana wars denled

to mdlcvrl & lmd. Under such-dm~mrlow It wiac qults underamlobls tht, out #jZar jk hek livea and amhurl, these cMIlonr mrs/brecd to leawe the' town inuOhmlal&.

All tha wimwea mendonad above rioted that drgr hud lIwd In their houwr and rripmmenta In YlbyFadjsOn, b@m the war. Ilrcry had emy legal r&ht ro romaIn t h . lRh is the populaUon who had lM In -f ir yean. Narw #the wunuSer I@ their lranus ~ t a r i l y , and the (~xornpie waa g h n by wUmrs H. D. w b ~ I ~ ~ s l r s i # r d ~ ~ I I e d b y a o l d h f i w n h c r h b ~ ~ Tlasnaronwlpr them people wero@md to leave tha town and munle@ollry ruppwtr the QOndwion that the/lnol purpaw #the atrack qgaht clvillonr wna to enaum that the tmltory wbrrldbapopuIatedon?,bySarba l l r k h ~ h r ~ e v M u r t b w p u r s r h e S a r b pbpdatlan remained In their h w and wrm ROI under the attack.

L o n the tacthnonler QfwUnucar. the Panel d u d a d thai the Aanusd was In (heconwyroonq&r UGepmrcdVkgmd TheAmuadwas inthewnvoyjbrtk q@rpmr @the routs and war a -m&t #he crlmhal act. Givan that it w a Impaulbb to w n h auch a Irrm idthout the w&tancu or armed m r d s ad -1, who-dporr in ah^ *not&, hy hk a tha A& dariaiw& and coluMenrb& c o n t r I W to tha pegwmtion #theJdble tmn$b.

~r i ic le 49 Mthe Fourlh G e m ConwnNon proh ib i&~ lb le hrmt($r mgaileaa @ inotiva. H~owawr, them are apee#?c q i o n a when total or prrr~ial evmmtion nrqy k M d y r & u & t h e & @ t l o n t h a r p ~ o n r r h w ~ t e d c r m ~ ~ to t k i r honma a+ the tlvenr has OW. Po H d e a e c u r i ~ j k the popula~ion +&g millaay o ~ t l o m or rlw Ilk)

l h t iheI$reibla mn&r was n o r I w t ~ under lntematlonal law la dear whenrka &la q f t k ~ l b l e ha;dk are * Into the connar Qfa wl- or ~ t ~ l l ~ t i c a ~ t d tmaht civiIImu. and rha ~ ~ l o n e d ~ i o n a allowimIbr evtwtmtfon a$ -- $ & l a tk nor qpllapbk to thh &a@~ situatlo~c.

-

30


Forcible tm* nor m ' e d out* the rmrrrons permissible d r in~ermtiianol Imo beawe, at the linro them acla were cwnmlllcd, them mem wmkrr crclhrltlar In VUegrced a m and It b pmckly such am& chat made the /&a #Bosnlak &IIIrrm hmd and unpdlclobla CmaIn&, the raoron* thelr tm* ~lurc tun to provide securiw to them, wliiclr would then mquh hair uwcua- h ordsr to m y out pecessu~~ mlllta~y opaIQIllorar, Wbcarrusc the88 chr l l la~ tlrr 1-8 Nth& alIoc8. ond fhejbmlble m@iu @ltrapipdation waa cawled out by thejbnws who tookpoff h the anad 4grrIna1 h. In u&IIIIo~ them wwe no mmml dimters or other e~mtancea whkh would allow/br or mqdm he ogmrtrcrtIon 40 hwnanI101Ian imcwtrlon. Yk l lm #lhk oer b~l~mltled ty lhe Accused as a ~ ~ m t o r n m civIIImu who had bssn l ~ I & pmmt In the t d t o t y # VUegmt who I@ /hew hOUW @@/M/ tk/r w/// d WhO W # M h W # $ b l d j h v m 10 lodpth nOl of their b l * .

-, t /& m~tlom #the A d am Iaken Inlo wamaI in thk senre, It Is dear hat his uaionr wtI@id & demsrrls of h a crlrna #fmlble lmnvb 0s a Crime bgcrht Humanlo h vldallon ~fArtlcle 172(1)(@ #the CC BM.

A h , It b dear k t the Accused rwr a m n @ h& octlonr and wanted thuh p p t m t h n bwmraa It hm been ~tabllrllad t b the A C C ~ war mum # the f o ~ k t Barniak people w m /mIng the town during the d l even& and he ~ I H ~ J ~ a?mundlw h onod currW OM by the Serb m i l i m ond police f ~ I I 4 ~ 6 g u I M t chrllicuu.

~ntematlml ~ ~ ~ t o n n v y hrw, olro mpim the intenf to mmm the ppulation psrnrunent&? Wth& mgntent #the Aenrred't conduct Is also maw, Le. hbfullum to take 4~11ant dlnued the m t m #those who had been movedl tk A4~rucdlndacddMnol~ anyactlondhacardrolulordc Phrratmn~rltanthtnW been hoqjkrid lh oPnrtuct qf the A c r d j l u h e pattern # khmlor offhe Serb A m andpolke whme objec~rivs to hove on& the a r b population in the Yibegrad ma. lhe mtablbhed fcrcu Na 33 and ffa 34 r)rmu that hb o & w h had been l & o o l r i d

lb Accused h I ~ d o r s d tlrot Commrrnder TmIE ordered tha~ he and mother 7 or 8polImnenjolnthawnvoyortha~. lhAaecusds&tedrlhnheanaswosInthe b~t(Irhynby4/nboGIQdbnOe. Theeomroyhdco keacortsdi;rmwrlcOlovo too @see wlled I.Wev10 Wrvlk Hence, the A d him# rdou IKU deny hk C#rrk@tion In thk oerlm bul he states thor hk ca&ct wuu nsver impmpr. Honmw, the P a d awld nut ocoqpl th& obJ~Ian dtha AmLIsd bsww civlllans


w e m ~ I I e d a x o a l y ~ r y ( l t h e y w a r r B a a r l o ) a ~ a r e a w n a n d ~ o r e d k d m I n o ~ rurd hence pmhlbIccd8 and he knew rhor. lk Acewed was cnvv~v of who the pople to be t m j ~ n Vlhgndwws. as d l 0s their e~hnicllry.

Uhdk this Count #the indictment the Accused u w chaw i& alha, wlth the Wng mvqy qf the 1- portly Tabako~l& and Fahrudln CoopIrC and i s m MamUevM

T h e m k n o c d o u k t l r o r ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a n d E h a r ~ p s o p l e a k l i c e c r d a r e n o longer a l k (Ising dowmmy evidence and testlmonles @ witwsm, the P ~ t o r ' r O m pmed thm lhe nrwlal mmalns of rhea pemm wem/brmd and U X h U m e d e t h U n r r ~ v ffOW8Wf, norCe #he ~UksSaed, /nc/Ud@ the r(lh/hW of the injumd parties Mha& Tab&& Valrrr TababwiC, Wsnia Muhid and orltan, saw the Accused h h d In these par~&~ka acts. Far a mlloble conelrulon -bg the poriIcrporlon # h e Accuse4 It & necessoy that them be dear ~ U o n r d f l m , & l l ~ O f ~ w l 0 l e s s a s t l n r r h A e c u s a d m r u o n e 4 / r h s pvpctmIofs.

hj?w thb itdent, wihwsm Mlnodb and V ~ i m Tobobid rmr consLCtent in thelr ~ t h d a r when speaking about the partly Ferfd Ta&kovld (kilnus ~ m d o Tabukovitb hu-, Fahim Tabrrkovib (Sullnars Vtulm Tobnkov10'd hus- and 1st T ' v E being taken away In h suaing qf 19 M 9 1991, when rlrcry mutt missing, untll thelr re~wins wemfiund In the nou graw a n d a r l r d .

Witness Mlrsodo TabokovY stated that in the awning @that doy. amund 7.30 @.a, Milan Lukik awcvcd by car injconl #the k calling her b r o l ~ m o 1x81. a e wro that 4 w 5 other dd iws wm them in un@nns, some in cvrmoujrqgc andsome in d h d m b un-. A man with Montenegrin o e e ~ t soon tham@er came ro her d m . llmt man awk mu her huknd F d lh roldkm entered her house then. ~ I t hoqh durlng lhe Muin 'Mol she SlOIed tlhrr one ofthem mru &#ko &I& she & n W lkor she wapr nol sum what the name @one ~ f t h e soldiers, who looked /bnrIlIcrr at h e tlme, was. It was mrj, rcwrolyapn q@r the war when she smv Leld * in in ~ ~ r l r o t s l c s aonciudcdihor u rwr in j icMLelekwhope~rcdthe l@mk llik Identmtlon & LO n&hw the P a d to be mtl@ed that tha A d k l n d 8 e d m p o ~ w I b l e ~ t b em&. ~ wlms# hfim& Ta&kovld hem?r/ srrld durlq dlrea a d ~ ~ ~ ~ l n u t l o n that &a knew well both the A d $ f i ~ h e r and ha Accused and rhrrr she had ancountered the loner in the stmet whem the witne~'s&~er lived gthe witness knew the A d ) ) ) b & i it & mw~ll~lble 10 assume that she would be able to hbtI15, hlm ar a psrton I n d w d In the eve^ at the the. ?k ahrenca an tdentmlon mLns doubts about the wllness'~hrrion rsoclrwl q@warrlr about the invhnmt #the A d in the went, k c m a the wlmur madad this conclusion eight p u s @er the ewnl.

Wlnrsrr Velm 7abnbvIC Hotedher h ~ ~ ~ a n d ~ wem Cnaqy by nuOy0W me$ one with@ hair and in olhne-dmb unl#h. llrey wen taken rwry toge~her wih Fahncdln Coaall& w b war in he& howa llbrt evening the witnm dM nor


know who rlrars huo young men wen?. me wimss remembers lhal that same n@t MInoda - the w* #her son FarM- tdd her t h her husband and sonr hud been takenawqbyaddlar/harn Vlbrrgrrrdwlrwrnamesheddd~bPow.~r t~wr M i d /old iwr It war a#& &I& During ~&~d~omina t Ion she /dentfled tk Acewed or one qfthe soldims who bok owqv /he mumbum qfherfbmib. hawever, Juvtder that* ~ l e c r r c d t h a ~ the AOClUWlhadnotbeenom #the n~~saI&and that she on& -led the Acctgcd to nsll her who MIcd her c h I k a d hw&d. n e know/&!@ qf lh& wIbMII #Ihe msp~lb l l l l ) , qf Ihe A d & lndimt and it it a mu11 qf what M i d TabakoviC had w id about the W m m t of /he Accwed in the taking awq #the TabakovIC/onrf&. As the Panel d nor m& on the t~stimony bf Mlrrodrr Tabakovtd b q y d mawable doubt to /Cnd the ~ i b 1 1 i l ) , af the A d , it is all the mom dear /ha/ the P a d nwy n o r m the A@ ~~~ponr ib le on . . the baris of i ndh t av&nce - the larlhony qf Varim labakovit.

Wimm M@sIm MemWd who ihed in D & e saw, #vm a d&/ance qf OW SO nwltvs, that her nalghbors Fmhrudin ComiiC, the IabaLwlb -fither and two sans - w m taken awqyjbm the& houses. Sha oclnlited that aha woa not sum at the time lhor blek makpmr In the Wng away ofthaw m e and tlku she did not see him in tlrore Inclden~s~ bur t h wem rum- that Lelek did take pmr in that. lh mothut of the TaWovICI, as d l as Kadim CkaIiC, told lter thl wko hlek had been ;twohed in taMq away t h people. When the Panel v l s M the loc0tIon w h thls event roo) place, the witnew indkated that she had seen ajko amang rha saldiers who wvva taking the men muq)r llrs ~ ~ t i n o n y ~ f th i s w l t n i ~ it in~omistent andsome dsgmawr 4 It am ~ l c r o r y wlth wnlr to the &shw fm: the potential 7 & h n r #he Acrursd ln the even1 she is t c ~ t ~ i n g abut. At the main * I , the witness twt@d that d e m unable to see direct& the so rhe did na/ see the ~ccused llic Panel b cPnvlnood that, on the critku,l dqy, this witness did nat mlrj, s& the Accused tak lngp t in th& svant a d her assertion mods &I* the vlrlr to the looorfon 13, In the ophlon #he Panel, a osult #the shwies Cold by other people. On such i ~ i s ~ k r and In the absence ofa reliable ld~tr/rcatrlon of dha A c c d , lhrhs P a d c a n n o t b a r c a ~ ~ l ~ M h m

WInHlY C stated that, in 1992, FerM T a b a M and h& two donr 1vue taken away, as well as F& CoaaIEC memo ZuM and his son. She did not witnw that awnr but she Imrrd about It/iwn Kodm CaealIt. In the imredt@Ion, the witws did no/ rrry that &lek had t&sn pcvc in (hls incident, h u w rlcs could na/ mw~nbar the name, b now dm Is rum rlrol K d i m CowIiC r d d h r she hadseen &M.

b l s wit- a h stated that on I3 June 1991, 41 8 a.m, 50 soldiers took owqy men fhm the settlemem. Am- orhers, M8mWC war taken awq, and she soid he whr beohn by La& KrsmunavY NiMa Save N d SIr$hnou& Wko Lelek and many 0 t h whme named she ctmU nor member. 7R& witneds jlnr stard MMII&WIE ww barr~n by h a Accused and t h she whl it was Leka. In thit part o j her C c d l l a r ~ , , he wl- seemed mthw aorrficsrd wlth regard the key &tau oj I d s n r ~ t h m Ghwn thul she was the olllj, wlrncw mentioning that I s m MemiJevh! had been taken m, and that her l85tImoq & quite co*Cng in the olevant part,

.@ . ' I . -. .


he Panel could no/ bgyond muonable doubt umd& that he Accused iwt mpwIWejbr the laking olwpr #I- Mem&vl&

# m& Coun~ 4 the Indctmen~ alp0 cowm the a~m~na l ~ e r tfprbv~eal abuw wUltarr S allsgad& con~rnutad by the A m . in that ngrrrk the P d does notflnd ~ ~ b a y o l c d ~ b k d a ~ b ~ h t t h e ~ a n u Q d n w thepe~tor t f thecrchfbr ik~WIowIng m s o n ~ . . . . During the bhrl, meml wlinems wem who llnkedthe nlchtne #Leks IO & lndh,Iduak and nor to the A d

Wirh regard ta tecthny Mfha irc7umlpruly $ she wm mthw cov&d w h ~ talking abour the prmk?mion dthe Amusd In her mh-t. She t n e n t W rhor one d h parsons who mk p& wuu nl&mmed "kh': In the we, thls ndckname w& m e n t W by scrvwol wtmsses, who /Inked I1 to some other pupa not the Ace&. which m&es reasonable doubt wlth the Panel tha~ wI~nms S mI& knows who the Accused &I& & ond can hkn/@ hbn wlth caiolnry as llis pwpe~mtor. In arMitbn, ihe Indictment all^ hat w11ltu1 S rcros ~IwsIwlrV abused P b h l abuse In 11seUls &I a &me agab& humane or a crlrnh P(B~/& chrUIans.~~o establlrlr alninal U W & , ir k reacarscuy topraw that $uchphyslapI abuse amounted ta ram or wher Inhuman crch af11mUar MIUH. In tha aaw at hand, he^ k no mllable evMuras that the A c e d ' s d w anmmkd ta & s I w l Illl-lnmune~ of the lUuradpr& S and hat thh Ill-tnament amounted to M u m or 0 t h ~ Inhuman oqd qfslmllar nohnv In rslrllon to the ywudpca?r S

For fhe naronr set OUI abowe, the Panel eandrcrlar that &a MMt~mtlanrmwIded bv the WII-WS in t ~ ~ i c u ~ a i aaar rqp rew~ t mte~~ing k t one &hepmricipants I&

h A d Lelek l 'hmfh, due ta i w and uncer/ain identMcation of the Accused as a ~ l c l p a n ~ he Panel could kt &termlne that the A&& & the pram who ppepr4ied &e Q@WW rqpOrded by the w l ~ n ~ s . Wilnrasr McntI~tlons llnklng Lelek to the taklng cnwy of Tababvl6, Fohrdn CowIl& and Ismet Memi$evlC hnd to the abate q/ wltnrasr S wem & a d an lndlmr knowIe&e abom the m m t a r ' r /dent/?, andsoma of If rcrar ment&nedjbr the/lnr t h e at the Mdn Trlal (Iw not in theptwIwr rtatemmts. In OCMIIrlon, WI- whme lastIm0rly was weak &en U m e ta Idsnt@catlon q e a ~ e d the mmu l ~ t l 0 1 ~ Each #them wed a jiwmulak r&cicrr~Ian abou~ not krowlng fhe Aecrrrad at he tltne dthe crlme, but thar

knew of hk fitiwr. a II@C pdlceman, that telek'r /&her's name was &do and 1ha1 thq rclur on good &mu wUh h&Ia~hw. Reprltlon #such elalms k not r@c/ent 10 ldhntuj, the A d aa the perpcrmtar and to COIWICI a pemm tf a rvlotn criminal enca

the A e d was chat@ wlth W n g Bornhk women b y e to dcxuol I n m w m e or an equklent mual a~r. Wlrh mrd to thIs Count of the IndicUlrmr, lhe PaneIfl& lhad It wuuprwedlhad the Aanu6dcommitted the alnrlnal a c ~ dcbcrlbed under 3(c) and 3(4 caneemlng the l~undpar~ies M.H and C.


- Cwrdng anofher &&w or by t h t e/itnnwdIate atmk h& I@ or limb 6-1; - To C(DUYI~ Intercome or an quhralent sexual aet.

Under J& tha Accused rws chatgad with come to the Y U h vlw rpo in Jwu 1992, whua the ploteeted wUnarr M.H. ww pnuenr. Se was brought them under threat

LuNt?, arweUcuorhsrsddlers, imlted her on ethnic pun&.

The ln/urad paw, wltuw MH &stW at the main Mol. She s&hd she IW in V U e p d ~~ the war. She was bm@ to the Yllm vlor spo by Milon LukiO who ~ a n d t h m a t e n e d l r s r to come to the sp evety cl;Pyat the same time, and orcdored her nor tdl qything about that. Saucral d41r( fn a mv she roar b m g h t k m byMlcrnkn)dE. ShttsfoMdthaf* ws&8fr(lpIclonrmrlIrW ocmlons and mlsmrrtad in the spo by M h Lukk! and another man, and later other &em mtne in cannq&e unVormsI meaning that her m&-ent larted f i r h. 7h sp wwr under the con& Normad Serb d d h andpmmllitmyfiras. She was later n?hamted to anather mom whets she/orrnd wUne.u D. Smwl other lUluIIm women wem held 13 the sp. lb wlhas8 stated that W T ~ mirhwtment and nyres occumdon a &I@ basi~ On one of the dbys when she war bruughf to the spa, !he wimms statad, &#jb Mek mme to the rosn, she wu in wlrh other wemen. He tbof her our to another m m and aplemsd hsr to houe seruol In-sa with him. Whan Lsld took her out #the mom, he s l q p d lrer several timas, lnrulting and cursing her "BoIUa moth&. Se also slated k t while she st@ at the spa, sha head senco~tr and aylw from other mom. Soon them@r she maw to d d hbhg to -6, go to the sp. &a I@ V i f M in midJune 1992 in an organized mkqv.Asf&rthe Aaeundkhk shestatedshe Mbmn him- b@necrndthar in odditrlon to that ana t h e at the spa, she saw him again when her convoy was Imfn& 0s he was estmlng her bw. He sat in t h e w , next to the d r k , avore rar&blnI andhadanrmu11IUon balu andan mlomU& rule,

me wenca conmted the cradbllllry qf this witneuI stating that there were incamiisrsncisr bohvesn her tarllnqy at the PC01 and the rlalemmt given during /ha h ~ t & t b -I& tkjbcr W k she bww on8 J m i m a d how nwg, tlma she smu tha A d during t h m. In oddtilon, &$em wimav D m & u b fuunov~ who a&n had been In contact wbh the wlmeu. no t i d hos&mawbthfahe n w s u b ~ t o ~ W e ~ o r ~ h a t ~ t h i n g ~ t o h e r or the spa In OMVV to htb question whether she had ever aperiunced aw bbull)l~ng': she stated on?, onca but did not rrp, whem and w h RegurdI&v qftk b#b& o&ctIom the Pamlfln& /ha/ the twtlmqy # whnw M.H. EDI)IOIM no s@lWnl i r c w u & a wuid @ e l the d I b U @ ofhw Idstinuyv, fk Panel jhd& that such ~ h ~ i e s In Miinon&wI espaclar?, givsn & viwitns 4/such q&tm, apn s m & be a t ~ l W to the pprrqeg qftime


qua//@ # d I a c r h and her tmwnatlle expience pmmtlng her- obnw/q rlrs dsroil$. However, the des~lmorry @the w i m a In the ksypmls p w ~ a l n l ~ to the Ment@eation drhe Aacvrad and the owmll account @the e m u & q@cient am1 nliable.

with wrd to th& qftha inti~ament, the A d icwr clarvgQd w/th &inw ~ I M ( Humane uunmMad by the act ofrqplqg MN. AawrdIng to A H M ~ Itt(l)(g) #the CC BiH the uImIna1 ad q f m b commit&d byl Inter &:

lh dew@tdon #the q@me a h whkh the wIIIIW tes@sd k a h It dear that the act$ of the A& sat/.@ the elemen& oftha act #ngre 4s q@mi to In sub8euion (g) qfAnlda 172(1) if& CC BIH wtaken Into OEdount that thb act n& con~n~ltted while the wl- was on the p r e m b 4th Wllno vlar sprr, which w a ~ coarglaceb wmrdsr aonrrol #Serb f~nnotioru, w t t h cyy ~ i b i l l @ of escape and that she was abused Wine and &lmg the mpe, which su& mused&rfir and d l y abow her I@ llris is oddilonal& emphtuIwd by t h e j k ~ that she head ~?rrollld and crIw j h m other moms and that the A d bmt and hulled her drvhg the rqpa

*G the w l m s also ~ ~ ~ H t m e s mum, beeme the mpe neceasarI3, glwt rise lo rcrvrvs paln a n d ~ a r i n g 6

Pmuant to Add6 172 (Z)(e) ofthe CCof BW, the elemenu tftorlw are:

nM Intanrotional Crhkral T r l b r u r o l ~ ibr @CT& and the JCTY have condurdrd hat, ding to Cruronrrrry In Ie~ tbnaI low, in ombfor lo be an ba afronurs I1 b neuwary that lha fr&~lon @#ha wwnr porn or sq@rhg &$w the

qf "obtaining b$nmation or a wqth20n. punbhlng, intimIdotIng or comIw the vlollm or a tbidpsrson, or dkwhinat l~ on sty pund, a&uInrt the ~ l m o r a ~ l r ~ n l ~ " ~ o n r e o ~ l l a n r ~ n , l ~ s ~ ~ o n t h e p o r l q f ~ rub- to them. & such an 46; sexual violence /mitab& lea& to wwrr p l n or s&r;rrg adrhw the qurrIflmtIon @his act 0s wnm bJustfllad

Thb k & r awe& m d mum mlg, mental pain and d-t wlh the Wumd m. me wyw that nonSar6 women and@& r m j b d & h ~ h t to the Yilina v h qpq Q armed menl Mder phVrIml thraol agaln?~ them and their jbmlllsr, and thar rhcry were l m p r l d w&e& to be d& and ph~u lca l~ a b d sursfjr


. . c a m terrible -1tg and the@IIg of he(#eamem wlth the vIclIm who & placed them wmpleze)r helpleas and wlrhout mry pauibility to protect hemy w ovoid n x r r o l a b u e ~ s t h e w ~ s l a f o d , &w~wbrPughttothe Yiiinavlruqraandroos mpeti* the d w h w pmpm of the pvpsDrotw'r rrrdirtk abrrpc bsamrrP d her ethnk @I&tion and* ptvpoaer 4/ llllclt dlscrimlnutlon. lh wI~na+r described mItipls and 1mziI6u WXUOI abuse she wvrr tll9/ected to while she was 6, the spa and which rucrlfed in inrunrrl and rxnvnrrl p@slaaI hJurles and bleediq. lRe Aocussd fiundher &en itarplbokol iduried wem bad and made her s@r/ng even worse by rqplng her de$plta her phpicul r l l H o n and beating and lnnltlng her &pile her obvious n&erlng lh lmenti& @her werlng I( c o ~ ~ by the foer that several &s qPer th& t o m $he d d no longer srond It and -/ram her home and hid, although Ae w#r aMoin that hk lb wwld make good on h& t h t mrrde oipinat her and her fmib ghe-her.

J'Im Accused hlmseIy commitad rhe ocr 4f rape, which maha him on htdMdual pdrpatm~w. I?rs Aanusd rws 4wms d o l l pmhlblad -15 due to whlch the wi&m kw go/- to be nyrsd and he wanted that oulcwno. Ghrcn lha he Pond c o n e I ~ that the CWUIIhrlrr Iormm a$ wsll h& huenl sMampossas both q@ct$ tfhir m.

& In this sukpmpph ofthe lndicrment, the A d b cham with ~ t m t I o n an ocl equhroht to -1 lnte~wnm UgUintt vIcfim C, pumnanf to Article

172(1)@ #the CC q/BIH.

Ilte v k h C h ~ u u l @ e d oborrt #/I&. She stated fhor she had msidod M Vlfcgrad prior to the war. She rtarsd that mound 13 June 1992, Lalek crrnre lo her house, wlth mrorlrarpersonunbmntoher, andaahuijurgoldtandm~. HewaclooRIgjbr herdmghtw,ronandInubami and&lo ldh imht t l ray l radhtahmq.Rrhe h d notjnd oWh@ "Ha mnffnlrad to .w&ticdb abwe her," the witness miti He beat her on4 or & rcprc, helbrcpdher " t o ~ I e his sex oogmr."Slw soldthat &Ing that tlme, he cursed her " T d h mother" and asked hsr wshe was "disgusted ~ W Q he w a a Serb." Soon qfler /hot, ~~ cam and told him IO leave her #om O n ~ t h e n d M ~ ~ cmd&e&mtsarhint&nw&.

S e r o M t h a t r l r s h a d h IABAQCIUBdltol)) hi%m that time, that hewasanice young man, rhor rha of?en row hlm in town m hlsfiher'r place who was a t-c pdIcrmun, OradsRs idw@dhlm In &e coummm &a t h e ~ h o l o r qfthia act.

Ilw &$he pintad to &em thtn the Accnxed mrrs nor a member ofMoyll1r SmrIC's m/t, whose menabera wem &ub/bo Sm,/&, &mn Tebid and others, and th& wad uqllmed by the wihsujbr the D@nse N-ko WnoviE. Hamerrw, the i@ured pw C nmw dalnwd that the Accmed had been in th& MII; she on& s tad that rhe i todrasnh imat r l rc tNrnswl r l , theo1 I ra rpanonr~r rnvand&t~a~rha had b n b@m and th& turned our to k true, as one @ t h e memben mgnriQd pndqedher.


7 h q h l t ibeucr~ttheAce~rcnolnota~krofAlanrlrSov10Zmi~ butthe fa&& that&& w l ~ l c l b n t @ e d i l w A a R Y s d a s r l r e ~ ~ o r b a e r a P a h e h o d l i d In Y U a g m d ~ r n m r y ~ r s o n d ~ ~ a m v h t n a s a p ~ m r a n w l ~ h i s / o ~ h ~ r . &, gthe/bcr thal she k nor an& a dlma qyau l~ur bcrr a h the vlerlm of the -rod ad lz taken Into Q O N ~ I ~ , her rrammant in k m ~ & abw@tion ofthe H ~ I S & oo~istenl andrelhble.

Ir relation IO rlrb munr qftk Inti-& he A d ib claogsd w11h Crimes qgoinst c/umaniry ~ornml td by eaaclng amher parson IO an ad aquArrlent to muoi in~ercolvsc. in this a m tk vk~im C Hawewr, the PaneIJnds tha~ the IICIIO~LI ofhe Accused aonraln the dements of "care'lrrg anelk psrson by force or by t h t of imme&te attack hw I@ or liinb ... to [an joh r jbn ggmw zenrol vlolulca "

- Cue&* another by- or by t h t o f imdlote auack h& we or limb (...I;

In l n ~ e t n a t l ~ l law, mvm rmrrrl vtolence & *&as my sawm abuse ofa sexual nam l@I#ed qmn the hmgrlty ofaptson bynrwnr #cawdon, thnot of#mx or Intlmickrtian In a w q that & humUIaIIng a n d ~ l n g to the vIcIitn Z d@&. &IIS /ha ad ofam@ anothw to sexual inmmursu or an equklenl sex~ml act, the ICTY &fh sexual v i o h ar "brooder than r ~ y ~ s and lnc/udeli@ such crimes as... d e s r a ~ l o n . ~ llre ocrs #the Accusedfi th& d4F,Itlonpm&e&.

Wimwa C was camad byfbrce and thma& agaht her I@ andprySiaal secwlry when the Accused, who m atme4 cam fa the houw ofthe w11ness with one mom paon, demand@ that she give hIm manay. ConsIdaring that she war alone In the house, &chg uncmulnty and &idJw her I@ cadfim, anti &at the A@ cursad or her, p@Icolly waulted her rurd gemid& ocrad in a v l o l ~ r manner, the P a d ~ ~ t h h s t o o ) ~ o f h r r r i 1 u o l l o n t o o w m , h a r r o a ~ ~ 1 a I n 4 ~ o f a raaaal natum. Because qf the s p l a l circmwances, - r m e o I & , his cmuu too) plaa during lhe attack o p I n r 1 clvlllans; lha condm of tk Aacund iwc pmJ of tlnrr QUO&; and being an elderly woman ooerad to n#h an act - she arpuiensed humilio~ian and dqpwddbon of her human d@~@ and shefW &Id d &marl. FrwrP all these dreumstunca, the Panel wmErdsd &at th& act of the A@ was a iarrvlr of -I vhbm IO which the v&im was su&ctd. lh P a d dare~mllnrd rhut "ra~nr s ~ w l vbhce" k a mom pmIw to describe the wimm kminad by the Accused ~ ~ I N I wltnm C than he d i n g "an equhrolenr +?xuol act (m)" as lnitiaI& ~ 2 n d to by the Rweutor in the Indlcm~ent. 60th a& m l t u t e a mime qoInst human@ as provided in Article 172(l)@ ofthe CC ofBlH, bur s m sexual vddunce COMIMQI a mom accuwte elrorgo, and the &age which


h b been provrur bqyond doubt, In do@ so, the Pmrel also considend thor a 8tuual act equIwlent to wxvrrl imemowse hnples pru~nrrtlon ofa sex organI an &JW or q o t h w b & p o n inanyporr#thevlcrIm'r b6d)r. In th&paraI&- the A ~ d l d n t n p s n a t t v t e wlurrar C

In both sub-mats 3c and 34 the Aceused d with dhc t intent and a an individwl pqoetmtor, although in a wlder context acts took @408 in the pmum #other m e m b #the mllltaty andpdk

With regod to the nmnrrr;/n/ng hvo d p a m p q h #Cow 3 #the Indlcment, the Panel conchd& b e d on the pmsmted evldencpr that wilnesses A and D were in &I the victim ofthe acts described in subporq@u (a) and (b) and that t hm acts, by thdr nutus, nymmt gmva vlolatlonr #the rlghts oftha victims, whkh most cwtainrj, cauu?d howIbIe sq@ring to them that, a the witnesses stated k&It awn @&v.

fi-r, without in rup, uqy diminishing the sign@canca of the UCI and the wering $the vic~ima, the Panel concluded tlurr them was cent mldmm tkor the Aacucad & the person ~ l b l e JIW the wmmI+(ion qf the described our against them Wimrssu A and D am the @ witnesses fm each ~ft l reoe subpragmph, and ohhough their mtlntorp, on each ofthe inoMents & to a extent mliable so that no olher witmwes me -Ired lo esroblfsh the+& on which tkqr testfled, h l r Ident@colIon of Wek aa rlrc p p ~ t ~ , t o r is ins~@cient and cannot bs regorded as evidence kyond ~posonable doubt, although they as vIctImr cannot bs b l a d / o r &t.

In Count 3@ the A& & charged with the wimu qfr(lp8 in violalion ~f art id^ 172(I)&#the CC dBW, prpemred in April 1992, when he came to the Yilitm Vla qi, dere the witness A w& weivlng medlml orattnent. WIme~b A, during the Ilme she m in the +, rws mpsoted& raped by Milan LuM d other wldentIped solders. &#Ro Leld Is a h d o f Mng hw, W t i n g her h h b , cming and ~t lbgher .

n e inbrad pow w- A testi/jwl aboul havhg had a wr &enl in Jmwry 1991. and caming to the spa/br mediml tmtmer. In late hlmh or ear&Rprll1992, she was a vlcU'm malt^^ and multiple m p r h the fpa SIll s ~ r f n g f i o m wwlas s1~1mId in the pmuiuus incidentl beerruse # which she war under medicati~ she b w y ~ a horrible omkal. She dM no^ know Lelek wore the war, bur rho knew h& father. &e suted she a d d nor stand to look at the mtacksrs, and she on& ~ 8 n l ~ that one # t h , whom she now bellevas to bs Lelek had pmmding teeth Her testlnrony, in whkh what she stared in the direct examhation d@m&m what she stated in the ~ m h r o t l o n (and both am lncomIstent with her pmlous statements), is conbodlctoty In tenns #the ldentiry #thepspetmtors of rlrs ng# For bxanyra, wlbnru A said in her statement ghm h ing the investigation to the Praccrcwor's Q@a that Milan L&&, who wm alleged to haw been there as wcU, muedomr #rAs ny,Isu ((uho &i* to lhe


the IN nome Lelaik, whlle &ins the dhrct ~ I i n o U o A or the main bial $h# s~crrcd rhor he to him as 2iqk0 crnd Ade d t lrol~t wuu hub S ~ n l a . u h k e &ria fk dfm examlnarlon she slated rhar the A c e d had m$ed her during lhe / ~ r b IWO dlpll she was assake4 whlle in the u#w-mhtIon she s u t d that it was ~ k O ~ ~ w h o r o p e d h e r c l h 7 ~ t k f ~ i w o d q ) r , c r n d n ~ t h e ~ ~ . l n addition. during rlre lnvestlgatlon she stated that Dufko A d I d rrrgsd her cdrg, while at the main trial she stated that he raped her on& on t h ~ second doy. FWhmm, durng rlrs maln trial she stated that, on lheflrst doy, lhe Accused came w i t h o n ~ ~ ~ ~ n d d ~ o n d r q p o d h e r r a d ~ r l h ~ l d l ~ ~ & h / m m ~ ~ ~ while in lhe stommenr glwn dudng the imW&atlon she stated he came an& w11h Luklt and L&I& came on the second and Mrd doy and La& n@md to him on& as &Is and then she stated opIn that L H mma on3, the last nvo dqm b@re she I@ &? sp. I t f i I I o u s ~ m such svlchnw that the on& thlng linking the ACT^ with a fflme is that an8 qfM n@ld wuu *nad lo as elther Lalek or Zale or Zar/ko,- by either LuM or the unknown soldier; that the w k t re/ivrsd to had ptntdIng teeth, but them k rn ocher &lcal dsrvIptfon bsamrce fha vlcrlm, un&sfando&, cwld MI bear IooMng at her auaekars, ac she w s l d r c d LikewInrD the vicllm could nor i l d s r r ~ t h e A a c Y e d l n t h e ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ o s k d t o r d o ~ ~ t h e PmeudorOIItwa a n & q & r t h e ~ n w C o ~ ~ e l I n ~ h I ~ r m d r t o o d b y t l r r A d t h a t s h e pDInrsdI0 the Accussdas t h e ~ t o r .

It & I n d @ d e that W i tm A & wing to tell truth and that she snwived the m p and ro rh r r~ she desuilbed. It Is undwrtmmbble that she cannot idant@ with -in?, and co~ubterrcy the ~ t m t m t?f the crimes rlra st@& Howrwr, mtq In mlnd the slambd OJ-pmBTbaywrd hlbtD thb Pam1 mnnor d u d s that ihe sv- qf&W@catlan b m&ient lo establish that the Accused b gull?, qfh rpps and torhue of w l m a A.

S- qfk IndIcttmu aka c h g ~ ~ clw A d with Iwvfng arrivod in the Viliina Ylos qm in June 1992, whatv Barn&& wonnrn wem unIay&lrll), dsroinedD IndudIng witmas D. WItlteu D had been to the spa tarliu, and she r ~ r repwrad& mped and pl&vlcrrI& and menlalrll), abused by Milan Lukl6 and other unWyIed solders; the Indictment al ieg~ thatD among othersD the A c d &#h Wek a h npd her. WUnarr D stated that, at that tlrm, she did not how Lslek. She rho@/ that U War W& ~ U I B qf)cr lhe l nc id~ t anoIherpmn hrrd told her that her w l l a n t must haw been wko Ld& WIbms D e@ the spa when she wrrr pwdbyone~fhernelghborsandt#brrhotI@ V i & g d Merthe war, whenshe v&itcd Ylhgmd she stotes that she met and q k e d Lelek Tkc ~utimorly ofrhk witness & ~ t l o n a b l e &nn smwI aspeUs. Flm, in her slatemem given to the Pmeculor'r wee the wlmesa stmed that she had known the Aecuml La/& svlrarrrpr st, the mIn hdrrl she fwst stated that she had known hlm, bw later on she soM that she had nol known who he wuu at the time d t b events. Although she & I d thaf she had heard* another wwnon tu the sp that m #the wIs& was MekD she could kol @aln how lhrrt woman knew. Also, she dld nor dMocc the name of that w m or any deroll ;sunthg/br thb second&& /&n@catio~ mi le In her d l e r SI016lllMf she said that her neighbor mve& he6 she did nof w&h to toll about that at


the maln trial. Sha demonsmted mam a~&Ion wlth r s g d to her stammenl that she hadseen Luklb kllllng her son b # k she mas taken to the spa. In her testlmony &lng the main trlal she stated that Mer she I@ the spa she w d home 10 look for her son. Other w l t n w ~ b @rtned a8 weU tfun she had asked /hem about her son & ? r shs

th8 rprr. Her * r O n be e#olned by the tOnm ~ h 8 N N ~ W ~

Holwvar, this evidanea b lm@?ient to conclude bsywrd ony dwrbr that the Accused Is I d the parson who 00n)mUted this Q@IS% charged ogalnst hlm under thls aunt.

7 h uq/bIon qf the wimessea &ted In testlmarpr that was /monclw& and althongh that can be attributed to poor memoy due to the tmmo I& a@emd and thd passage qft&ne, the incond~wlive testimony connat be a barls for oonvlctlon. bswuse in the &porn tlrey do nat p i n t to a rollabla mognltlon and identifmtlon #the Aacuzadas thepeqntmtar.

&J rclatian to of 4 Indlctment, 4 ACC& is w e d with m acts wmmltted In Mqy 1992: arsl~ting the lmprlsanment ~fMubllm0 In the pollee station and torhalng a prig man nomad Solko. With mspect to thh Cow of the Indictment, t/ie witnessa Knver m r o v i E , Suwd Dolowc and Srruvrd Suball$& wem heard, and the P d established the ~ l b l l l ~ y of the Accusedon& for h& pr~ic@rrtlon in tkz iinlaw/ul lmprl.wnmmt q f smml prsans qfBomIak ethnlclly. and thh was prlmorlly based on the statements of the prl lar Subn#IC and DaI01wc; whetms wlth iesne~ lo the a l l d o m that the A c c d torlurod a young man called &Ikon the P & I J ~ ~ that t& t~bt~rnony of witness D#&mvic who tesl~edabarrr the IOR& of , rlra young man in the c0~h)or dthe polim uatlon, is tco i%Wmz&to~ to 8- the charge qftartutv be)rond a w doubt.

Pursuanl to ArrIcle 172(z)(e) #the CC 4fBIHtke dements q f t m r e o m

Jlre Stat~18nb of I q J d panb~vImesses Slrod Dolowc and S d Suba#id am eo~btant in mlng that they were brought to the polka station in late Mcry 1992 ond that thq wets detalnod them f i r seueml daJr. TRqp wem In a mom which had bars on the door. me wlnra~rer SubafIC and Dol- stored that am night they saw the Accucod Lala) In Az poll08 stallon. 7Rqy think that he was a plicenmn on dury. k m u e the Accused had the key and eo~mlled entry lo h l r csll. Th wl~neuos &m that h e r WSTemvIC, Cellk ~ h d , Nair tunic Osman Kwsphib and w e t Iknkovld and orhers wm, alm detakd h the rtatlon during tlw xame p~~ lad . Suad Dolavac ond Suwd SukJId staIed ~ ~ ~ k t e n t & that one nfghl during their derention, a young mon n a n d k l l h or Snlko racu brought to the pUca mtion, though the wilnaves dld not us0 the same name when derrlng to /hh person. l%qy stated /ha/ ~ y o r m g n r o n w a s ~ t b y L ~ E m r d r C l r r r h e h a d ~ b s a n ~ ~ ~ t h a ~ ,


lRa ~ ~ ~ E r m P r a t s / e r ~ v I d s t a t e d t l b r r t h e A a e w e d W & t d t h e ~ m m r o ~ r t o the ha/- at one point @er he war btvt@ to the statIan and started &tIng hlm. llra w i m alleges thaI he rmu the Aanucdwng th& yo- man to curse crr h i e to rqy that U waa all Alua 'sjhult, and that the A W took hlm by the head andbded his headagainst the wall andkicked hlnt with h& knee in he ~ c h amrBO 7Xe witnarc stated that he mos able to aee all thor rn he waa siulng near the d m r j v n ~ wh&h he MUM sse down the hallwqy. The wit- Suwd Subobd spke d m n t b # thia 01, ten@ing that the yowg ma4 whom he w e d to aa &IIh, waa beaten in the lrallwqy immediate& clper being btvugt,t to the police station, and that the panwu placed in that room could not aee the ha/+. He head the Aacvsrd odering the pw to slqp ht;mseV; and he learned f h n another detainee, N a b 2uni4 that /I war the mice afthe ~ccuaed &r/h Lelek. whom Nalr &nit knew well. me witness Sllod &/ova stated that dre yo= man wvls beaten in the ha/- lnrmediaterjl being brought to the station & a pum rlwy murr not able to aee, and thar he w oowred In blood and thrown into the cell where ather persons we^ by Lelek, whom the wimeat magnlted. Mek cam to the ceU lam on ond o r d d the pung man to s b hlmae& Witnems SubaJii! and Dolow~j%r~her stated that qthr this ymrng man wrrr bm&t back to the room, Mlhn LuM came the aame doy, qpwachd the barr on the d m , gmbbed the yowg man's head s r p r i q "lliis is how it's done," and a h a d the young man 3 headaeveral timea qaimt the baa aa a rcault dwhlch the

manfiinted

jhlr incident when Milan Lukid came, which & mentioned by both f ibdid and Dolowc, & nor mentioned by the wimbcr Wq@vv# at all, m n thaugh them is 'avldmce rugpatIng that W#aravib w a in the cell throughout the time the young man waa them. Even though all t h m statemen& concur atflrst glanceI and in rrlation to the mmII ewnta, the Panel auld mn allgn the sign@mnt Incanaiatw~~iu Aceording to W I E and Dolowc, rln young man mos bsoten q~ qan being h & t to the palk atation, but the beating d d nor be aeen fiwn the cell. Witness ~ v i ~ did not test* about this keaihg, but starcd inahad that the pung man war in the m n , taken out and then beaten yp SuUIC and Dolowc on& heard the beati~rg, but warn unabh to determine that It wrrr Lelek who did $ aithough the head Lelek taun~ing him. Neither Doiowc nor SddN tesr(l)edabour any subsequent taking mnpr or beating ofthis man @er he had heen brought & the crlljbr the/rrat tinre. Dolowc and Subd iC am a~ is ten t in stating thcrr hlek ordered the young man to slop hime& although one afthem daima that the incldet~ oanored outside the cell while the ather claim it accumd h ide the dl. ~ e m 1 E did not W~I@ about this. Fino/&, the most s h i m ncallecrion #both DoIowc and &&did & that LuM grobbed the man's head and slammed it ~ v a r r r l rhea against the km. mid nsver mentbned this Incident in h& mrlm9, alrhougl, he rvaa apec@caIb a d d about the pwsence af Lukld In mlatlon ta this ymurg I-. me witma &kd thta. AM t h m wltneaaea were indkpu&b& present in the cell


Subdl6 and hlowc. which signfimnQ $zpgor~ each other with n?gard to importan1 details, am the mt credible and reliable RCOIIectllan, and. based on rhor evidence, tb p a ~ d wncludu thrrr the pvwrg man was brutolEjr &ate" by wmebtu&, that LeIek was plllllllllllr in the police slation when the young man a w W and that Lelek taun~ed the yautg nwr, d d e d him to 019 hime@ However, thls ovidenm Is nut ~ w l e n t to conclude m a r r y dmrbl that &I& becrl the young man or that the acts @ undertook led to klfriNton SO PIOUS bodib injrrrles, an element memuy ro establkh that the crime oftartwe was mmltted, or t ha~ Lelekplrrtic@ted in an act of toqm ofthe yo- man as ~ ~ m t o r or acces80ry.

As mgoh pon a f h t 4, alleging the inprlsonment of certain parsam w i t ~ a Subdid and Dolowc state thal tlrey amu the Acewed k l e k In tho pol la station, that he ,esIamIllypdbrnred rAo dLy ofa dury police ofleer and that Aa had the rtey and controlled the ennunee to their MU. n)8Y uiv certai~ that it was Leld t h v hod the oppomniQ to see and identi& during their detenUon. mat t b Aerrtsed Lelek conimiued these a m is dear primarib f b n the statemen& of inlured prtias- wimar#rr who w m d i m partklpants and qya~imses. l%e w i t ~ o u ~ e t w i t was a member &he police in Vikgrrrd in the prs-war priod, and he says that Lelek was a m p d & m a n in h @ o d when this v~ihlea WAP d9taIned h tke police station. tlre wUneu ~ m I C stated thor hu Ibrm the Aonued L e l e k ~ n t wrlier, and he a!- ktmw h&/other teab, who was a h a p m w r polkman. lh wltners DoI~v~le 21.w &ow LoIekjivm tk period &/om that Ume, 0s thqy lived in tk same town and

islw people with w h the A& s o c l a l ~

Anaryling &e act8 of the A d , the Panel /r& t h t the elemnu Ma sever0 unluwjhl deprlwrlon dl- wem mirrored in them am, name:

lkttntlon w orkr memfon;, ofdeprIwtlon ~ p h y s i m l i ib3~y;

In violation qfthejim&niental d m ofinternational law;

With dl- w indireel intent

Based an tLs w i h c e -red, the Pam1 /rn& rkor in late Moy 1992, Banlab MtuIinu wera btvught to the police station and detained thew. 14M witnesses stated that thq had been hz@t in to be l ~ t e p r e d about their actkllles and that they ware @an taken OW and beaten. lb P a d inu in mind thur all these events tmk plwe during a wldespmad and r)vmtnattc attack -inn tha clvlllan population. None ofthe detained panonr wem told why t h y w m brought in Ddng the entlro tinte

w m rlre ~OIICB starlon, th i ~ u r o d p o ~ ~ p -e nor ~ M O I ~ R B ~ why they cwm be iq kt4 nor was tlrelr i-tent f d l d by q d a r procerlwrs of appmhuuion and decisiom on detoculon. l k e p m w nwra ctirilhu, without ltk%pnvorun@m.

llce 7kW Chamber afthe I C l Y in the ESiRoJelac aasr coduded 1Plcrt tkr, " d p I w ~ i o n ofsomeone 'r lIber6, is deemed arblhwyD and tkqh unIm0lyI vthere a n no legal


grot& to Just& the Initial d@riw&n 4/ I l ~ " ' o &v/dek plm,ie ahot the p m d w k d 4/ 11- wera no# i@med about 'the ~ I L I f i r thelr qprehenslon or that thi?/wt@~pt&n of NIO& was nor the dJccr o f ~ ~ ~ ~ t l o n In a WW or udmlnistmthm pmwdngs mqy stqlgast rhar them w m no legal p u n & *d*-oQ.

All wimesau in this case am wnrlsranr In wing that they wvns MNar i-ed ~ f t he naaconr ibr their detention, and that no ~wvceedlrl~l ~ ~ l r ever condwd a m i ~ t them, nir were rlrg, brought b@m olry &urr or &i to a pollee rtatlon --an a w r h n &. TAo Accused, ar a @Ice @kr who nrrnr pmsenl at the poIIca station, had reawn to how that these men mve detained arbimrl& and w l h t aw leg01 pmadm. l%e wltmww am also twm&nrnt in their testimony that t hv wws held In a roanr J by 5 me~m ih sue ih which abut lopsrronr wete detalnwljb up to sawn do)rc and tlm the mom wm m r s d frwn the hallway 4/ the police smtian by a I& door wlth bum 77te wlmacse~ f i r wewen In oaaord In s/atle thor t h was h ptqm roller or pacslbill~ to use water; that the duw M a r or a duignuted bvson had a hqv to lock and unlock the door and to& the &talnacs escorted by armed gumdr through the halhqv to the toller; tlror the pollcv @eem at the Publlc SkcwigSmtian, kMingLel& ~ a d ; a n d t h o r t h e m r v a a n o ~ ~ o g e t o u t ~ f t l h r r r o o n r ~ r v ~ p c n n ~ t ~ ~ o d o s o l i y / h e p a r ~ w h o W t h e ~ . I?raPanel v&lrsd the rite and ad thenuehs tlnrt the a l l ~ l o ~ mgdlng the sixe and /omtion 4/rlrs mon were comc~ 71rs Accused Lelek, pr am of h e anned pdiw @cws who had rAa absoIule& knew thor rhasa men wim drrprkd of thair Ilberry.

bcued on the statements 4/ t v lhaw~r Subcrfid and DoImc, the P a d w n d d that, wgrrnlhg the a m dthe A d , the elemenm #the ahinal e r n e bfdetentlan, In c o n t ~ r l o n o/lnternatId law, were mtl@ed and that the A c c d /oak I#IY at a c o - p e ~ m r withln the llmlirt qf h& d l w In&ntI and not ar an akrxary. l%e Panel came to thh conclusion bearing in mind hls pnwncc in the @Ice slatlon In the crItlc~1 perlad and the/bcr that he had con& over the Ilbeq of detained pelborn liy poxm8ing the kty and W n g on when he would WIIOC) the cell, when ha h o l d t a b sameone out or brb xameom In and wlru, he wuld lack the cell again. 4 mmmlnrng these acts, he Joint&pmricipoted In the commbrlon o/ the and dcclsheEjl contributed to the irnprlsonment, together w11h other gauds and @kern forn rlrs police smtlon

A s m his htm, N & MisputaWe that the Accused was a polkinan and that he qflcn came to tk police station and m d around the town He eer/ain& knew that the hprlsonment #these persons, I$& to in this bunt ~ f t he indictment, w x not an Wared Incident, and it was nor justfled by aw mllitaty, combat or other legithate o@wivar. m3 A c c d war aerraln& a w m 4/ the u n l ~ n w s of thelr imprisonment, e s ~ I a I & Vwa take into amount the/bcr I ~ U I the poilee sta~lan was a smaller bulldin& wlth s d l moms and with mIa~&& hlgh mte of movement by &a lhe bealltyp ddlbed by w l ~ s rooik plws r/ght them in the police


smtlon; people mmr bmught in and taker) out of thg cell. AM II rkercr could nor have kan done in -. on8 excluda the considemtion of the atriwl qf the A d a1 the police station and Iris pmence inrids on other dq)u, except the doy whlch b the d m &the indictment, It is dear tha the A d m l d have been

#the bcorttg ~thelaouttg manSa1ko or SallA. wvhlcb undoubted& wried in the h a l b d tha station, as was 4med by witnesses, bemum they stated that tlrr A& n&ln the smtlon on that pahimlor drry when the young man was brought in and lhat he nw h u g h t back to thg cell by rhs Accused hlmseg thur, the Acewed pax m m of the U I ) I ~ / I I W of f i e detention qf thtwe parsons, QS well as qf hlr mion! In lhm raperr, a d hs w n ~ d thk to haw and d k ~ m he O C I ~ wlrh d i t w interu

7h Dqtknse enipkorhd that wUnessesJbr the &&we Wko NinBmi& the pl lca commander at th time, and Bdo TeJevIC a poliaeman, stated that the A d We& was nwkitg as the materiel and technical equlpent oflcer and QS such had no craw to &tention and could not conrrol the imprisonment qfpsople in the statlon, while the w imw MIlodna U#ami&, wha worked in thz pollas st&n even in the period rclcwn~ fw the lndictmznt, stated that & Acrurad Lefek had n e w been a durypolIce @m, but mther was in chaw of ~ ~ p W n the tvadotuu

Flnr, the Panel concluded bgrond aty doubt, on tk h i s ~fmliabikr statem~llts 4 wimursr WOWE and SubrdCt who knew the A d , that the Accusud was in the irolon on the crillcal day. In addition, these IWO wiropeaes aw@rmed that he had the h& and /ha/ he was unIoclkIng thz cell as m t y . I n tk ei& whether he war a de lure p6IIca drrly @ker and what h& sprcflc pmws wum is not mlmnt. Panel jr& that the jhCt that he wus t h , armed, and that he, as a pmc/Iwl matterV cpntrdled en- to and egws fioRl tha all, iu &&iwr), contributed to the unCmo/uI imprlsonmsnt qf people who wem held in th2 d l of the police station, krowiw that their ImpfkoRtuent waa arbitmy ond im contramtion ~flnternationnl& pmteetedrlghts.

"A parson muhorltcd to &ease a prLroner, who whos thal prbonm am ent&Icd durlng their ~ n r l o n to haw thuir Inprhnment mvksd anti who h o w 8 thot this right is violated, N is the dbry #thm paran to ~ I B ~ D O thempont detention. lkmfm, fatlure on the prt o/ the pvron with such authorities to we hb authori~ and dam than.. committed the qDivrae qf illegal imprisonment qf ebillans uven v he hhm(f& not mponsible for observance of thslrprocedural rights "I1


C lh Indclment chqes the Accused with pqetmtion afthe crimiml @nw qf Persecution, in violation af Article 172(1)(h) @fie CC qf BiH, by ~onrmittimg the &ac?ibdlrcu that, the Panel nola, he iwrrfiund ~pons ib~e for, p H & in cows 2, 3(c), 3(cD dmEL - (4).

A&@ IO the legal definition, the crlrnnal @we 4prsecu1ioy as a Wme qlprimt Humani@ eons&ts 4th following:

I) Swcm deprivatbn # ~ n ~ e n t a l rights,

2) 0/ q p ~ p or coIlecrivI@ (induding the ot/ow& against indhthls by qfthe identi@ a f tha~prp l ;

3) Wi/h the intention @ commit this uiminol &he; a&

4) W f i c intention to dIsuiminate on polilkvr~ natlonaII ethnic, cul~uml or nl&iow pun&; and

5) In p unction wirl, my criminal gense qt3t -d to in Ar~ide 172(i), acmy criminal o m stipla~ed in the CC or any alnrinal @we within the . jwkdkion ofthe Courr 4BiH.

llrs P a d qgneo with the renwning qf 0 t h Pan& af the Cmnt qf BiH and the plwlmu jnrbpudense in olher aruss that mnllip!e cwnmluiom aftk wine 4 pwsecution w n ke considered as a s w e criminal Mewe dqjlned a s ~ t l o n as a crime against humaniQI even Ifhose ocrc indhriduaI& aonsUlum other crinw against humaniw" When consIderlng the criminal Iiabili~y qf the Accused. /he Panel will anaw whether each afthe abo~enten/IORcd and adtabl&hed oJhses was oommirrad with the dlsaminatory intent.

Flnr, the Panel gmemI& concludes that all the a$oue-memioned Md sclablished crimes wem wmmittcd with the inlenl to wmmit, and EOMIUVI~, o m r e daprhwtion 4fjimdamental human rights in violorion afind~mtional low, whveb theflrst and .second element 4 h e criminal oflknse afpenecution hrrvr, been met. In oddiion, wnshkring thd the abow-me~ioned and established crimes co~lirWe erln~iml &ares mfirrod to in Article 17m) o / t k CC afBiH, the Pam1 aomhrdu that the ."In co@unc/ion with" regulrpnent has also boM met. llre PanelI&rlher d u d e s that the victims undsr all Corrnts ore Bosnian M ~ l i m ~ or d e r b s . and that none af these crimes was commit tcd~ins~ a pson afSorb ethnici~y.

7ha Panel d u d e s in orlition that each incriminatirlg act committed by the Accused was aommined w ih spscUc dIscrimimtory intm and behavior qf the A d MW& the vkimc, and thrrr this specflc intent idcotes /hat the intemlon for all the described acts was pmiscCy dircriminakwy - treatlag a viclh d@hnt& bemuse cr/


their d@mnt ethnic, nutlonu& mI&lou arpol~litbl ba&mUAd, mtmty to the rules of lnternarlonal law. I lrk d u l o n is based on the actllyll ww&c and acts drhs Accddurhg the aonunlarlon dthese crimes.

Based an the pnwented e v m the Panel wndded in Count 2 that the A@ acted wlllr the spec* Intent to dLrcrlmlnate 4gaIlsot the v l c t h became they kloqd to the MusIIm-Bmniak ethnic group. P.th ngod to the p s m who ware hkan w, Ahmatspahi4 and ~ ~ b u g o u i t , and rhefimible bonqtir tfpopularion, he acted wlth Intent, owurn d the that IJrg, wem Bosnaks, against whom an ongoing attad wus t a k b place in thace dqs. In crdditbl the Aoctued ordered ze(neba CknmnbqoviC and her mother to take hlr clothes & t@wing to them as "bulal".

In CoWH 3(c), thk spc#k intent is qtlected In tha foer that whlle mping this vlctIml whom he knew was Bosniak, because in rhru perlod Bosniak wayoran w m brought

V l fegd to Vilim Vhu and ~ m a t i n o l & abused, he cursed her " w a ' r , mother: which is a demgatw tern@ Bacniaks-~IIrns. . In C b w 3(4, this spc(flc dkr fml~rory Merit Is @ocred In ih fotr that the A d , whlle smmI& abwing the wimw C, asked she was d w t e d because he was a Serb" cursing lrsr "TurRlsh mother", which rhowod hk intent to and awmness o f O r s o t i ~ her d@enl& because #her ethnkl&.

A h , in Count 4, the discriminatory Inrent is @wed in the f i that thz Accused bmu tbt, uhile he was them, MusIlm men were be/* h q h t into the PST VMagm4 who twn, Intenvgated and beaten them just bemuso @ tha focr thot they t v m MwIInu. TRa Adclusd cDnew at least one of the detainem, E m w oPs/imviE, d he knew the ethnk grow to which thk duhimw beh&

Wlisn all Uiese acts am ana@zd as a whole, and w k rAgy me put in rho context oja wldeqmad and ~ t e m t l c attack against k l i m civlllan popdatlonD prt qfwhlch the acts dtha A d wew e~ablished to kuve been. it is dear thar this criminal &inn, In Its ent- ammw the f i @the psrsecutian of civilian Muslim popuIa,llan in VMqmd.

lh A a n d ir ~ m i b l e ~ all the sp$led acts cu an indA,Idual paptmtw of the nJntImol m, pwauant & Artkle 18ql) of he CPC of BIH, and pt a ao- potptmtw In the acts darolbed In Counts 2 and 4 of~he JndIcrmentl A the manner as ytabl&hd in thk Ye&.

based on all pmentd evidence. rlra P a d &idd as stated in the opemtiwpr/ henq$ Aa* the orher pmentedevidence wlth mpect to all Counts of the lnd~ment, the Panel ewlllylted /hem, butfbund that they did not dalrwEjl a m /k? deckslan.


0. As* Corn& 1 and 1 oftha pffvloru lndi~ment~ the Panel qplled Adde 283(3) a n d c b s I ~ the vnrdct dkmhslng c b g i w , coluhlerlng that rhs Pmweutw 'r Q@m Bit! dm@ t k cAmges By piing an amended Jdklmenr The Pmtcacuw om/& o o ~ m e d that these c h a m were dmpped at the maln trlol held on 18 April 200B . .. ~ p p r i ~ l r n ofsubmttiw lao,

k f i r tha subs/antlw law to be applied to thls crlmlnol *me, In the con- ofthe ffme when the mcnminal ern was ammi&, and h r i n g in mlnd ail objaafom af the DeJbe In thh m p d l the Panel decided ar stated In the opm~ive prr h e w whlle a.q&lng the fdlowllngpr~~lslonr: . .

Ankle 3 (2) oftha CC of BiH -principle oflegrl@ - which pertains to the prlnclple oflegalllry mads: "No punishment or other crlmlnal sandlot# nrqy be imped on any praon f i r an OCI which, prior to kitg pepmtedl hru not been ds/ined as a nlmlnol ofince bU law or in~mt lonal law, and@ whkh a punishment has no^ been pnucribedbylmu. "

n e ac!Iont wns/ituting the criminal e n s e in /his pmlIcuh cose rrran~commined durlng 1991, at the t h e when the then CC of WRY wm in which dld not provlh for the wiinlnal o f l m of a s p @ c title - Crimes against HwnanIlry - or a sepmte offemu. 7 % ~ new CC of BIH deJines it as a sepmste crimlnd &he. 2 d I n g to h e legal w, the law whkh Is in irr he time ofpeg~mtlon of on act and whlch clou not qua/@ such an ac/ or a ffhnI1101 act should be C D M I ~ ~ ~ a a mom lenlenr low. In that case tham d d be an obll.ptlon to q p r j l a mom lenht h, because uthe /mu has bean amen&edsince tha tlme ~ f p p f m t b n ofthe cthinol @me, It would be nscesz(~ry. d i n g to theprIncIple of IegaIi?,, to apply the prsvlous criinlnal cade and It would be prohlblted to we the ulmlnrrl code mbmcrive?, to the pqjudIc8 ofthe petpewator.

Howmrl when them am cases ofthe erimlnal @ennu of CrImes u g a l ~ t Hun~anllry which were nor defined In the laws hat were fn in Bacnla and Hemgovlno durihg the E O ~ ~ between 1992 and 1995, the Pone1 & ofthe oplnlon thar thh c h u l n a l ~ Is contolned in the curtomay l n t e m t h i lm whlch was in @CI

during the perptmtlon, and In addltlon to Uta~ It was d4F,ed In the then Crlminol Cods of SFRY in IndMduol crlmlnol Q&IWS stipulated In Artlde 134 (rncltlng nationall mclal or mllglous swI/B and anlmacItIes), Article 142 (War crin~es aphct &IIlmrr)l AN/& 143 p a r f f l m ~ UgOl~t tha rhercnwndedandsl~, Ankle 144 (War crlmw q g c r l ~ t prisoner8 w r ) , AnIcIe 145 (orgm,king a grmp of&e and i~t@atlng the p~petmtbn of genocide and war cr lm~), Article 146 (&14w/uI Ki1llng or Wonding of the 6roemv)), Artlcle 147 (Mad Ing the killed and wounded on the banI@%I(O, AnIc(s IS4 (Rwc dircrimlnculon and other j h s of d~mlnodm) , Article IS5 (B~crbIIshment of s l m y and tmn&mt of slmrar) and Adde 186 Qiolotlm of lnequaIl@ i(cit&m). T h e even *ugh Artide 172 of the CC of BiH now pwcrlba this act as a sepamte criminal flcme, It existed ampq% wen at the llme of the ptpetmtion of the criminol as an ad


prohibited by bttemtrionol n o n ~ and Id/- in the ahovemention8d ~rlmlnal Q@W%# whkh w m In fit# at the tlm.

cwtomay # punlxhablllry # crhnaP aga I~ t humanllry and ho/dig i n d c v ~ l s crCnbmi& ?Wp4~Ibfe jbr th wmIsslon of &me# dwblg the period # 1992 mrnr cm$hed by the UN -my ~enenll', Intematlonol h v ~ m l u l o d 4 , a cull 00 the JurIsgrudeenca af the ICn and ths Intemmionol WmlnaI Mbunal fbr Rwanda (ICTQ". ins(lbrl10ns jbvnd t h pun&hIng utnm agalmt hmmnllry is an Impsrak nannr of rhe lntemrrloal law or Iua -I*, d lh8tWJb H b tmd@rrfobk lbt th% &itt~?# OgOItWt humanly po?l bjh% c~ulornmy intermtriono1 h w imvn 1992.

A H M ~ 4 4 o f t h CC cf BlH @rs to ,general prlndples of hlernotional /mu". As neither Int~notio~tol law nor th ECHR hmns on lden~ld term, th& term mpments & mmbinat&n 4 uplImApl~~ # / n t e t n ~ t W b" on & one hand ar mognked bv the UN Omem1 Ammb& and lnmt lonol Law tcnUmIuIon and "geneml b;lnc@lea qf the +IS by the aon~nwI& qf peoples" containodnod in the SIanua #the l n t ~ t I o n a 1 CouH afJuai# andArtIcle 7 (2) 4th &Wit

Mnc@b rFf Intmrionol law. as mcognked in the ~ h r t l o n qf the Geneml A m b & Na 95 (1) (1946) and Intsmortionnl Lmu Catumisslon (1950) pertain to the "Nutnbag Clrmrcrr and V d k t of the Trlb10)4I" amd fhertgbe vimm agalnat hman i~ , a cull.

,PIInc@h qf I n t ~ t I o n a l law ro~~gnIzed in the chmtQ1. ofthe Nurnberg Tribunal" and the d i e r #the ~Ibunal whlclr nw adopted in I950 by the lnlefnational Ltn~ Conrmkclon d submuted to the Geneml Asssmbll. thu prIncIpIe V1.c. provldufhr &im qaimt Hirmanl@ punishable as the a r b In vlohtlan of ir~ernatbnal law. h$nclple I A: ,, Any parsan who wmmIO an acl which wnatilutea a crime under Intmn~HonaI law I; m s ~ l b l e , hemfin, and llable IO punlxhment". PrI~wIde I1 provMu that - ,. he f i that infernal law dws not l ~ ~ a p e n o l l r y f i r an rrcr whl& C O N I I ~ a wlme under lr~ernatl0110l lmo clwr rial mllavrr the person who cornnrlued the ~ a f i w r r q n m a i b i / i ~ wder Intemtianal law." M, r&ardlau cf~vhether BUS

I@ at it frwn fhs customary inknational law plnt fl visw or the "pr111cIpIecr qf in l~l l t lonal law" viewpoint, them ir no hub# /ha/ Crimes aga/mt &ntonIty aonaUtutud a wlrne isl the psrlod relevant to the hdlcrmenh that is, the pr l~~~ip le qf /&I& hm bmn wtl@ed

Legal&roundr/or rrial and punhharenl f i r crlmlnal Mema umierptl~ml princIpIos of lnmmtionnl hm, am p l t k d in Ar~kIe 40 of the LQW on Amendments ro the


ObnInal code ~ B I H c-1 Oaaeue of BIH" No. 61/04) whkh pnscrlbea that Arjidm 3 and 4 of he Crlmlnal Coda qf BIH rho11 not M u d I w &e trhd and p u n i t b ~ t of ony parson f i r any act or omluhm which, at the time when 11 was cammitd wor ulmlnal occodlng to the geneml prlnclples ~lnternatlonol /mu. 7%& i l M e haa entire& taken o w the provlrdonr of Ankle 7 (2) of the ECHR and it ollonbfi exfmdinrrry *#vm theprlrre@les serfbrlh in ArlIcle 4 #the Ohin01 Codb d B 1 4 as well or he d e m m frwn the mandarory apprlmthm qfo more lenient /mu in the pnmdngsfbr a f f / I I ) / ~ / @me under l n t e m b l lmv, srrol, os the pmcedlngs against the Acctucd. because rhese chmger spcIt,mI& lndrrdlc violalon ofthe rules ~ln1emtI0110l law. In fact, Artlde 40 ofthe Lmu on Amen&ntents to the Criminrrl C W e of BiH 18 applkd to all vh l na l oflenm raloted to ~clar crlmsc, bewuse pmc&& these crimlnal o#hm am aontalnsd in ClCqposr XVIl ofthe Criminol Coda MBIH, titled or Crimes agaInrt Human@ and V a h Pmmed by.ln~ernational Law, and wlmu aguInrt the humanlry ham been m d cu pr/ qf the wsmcuy InlbmUonol low and they mpment a mn-&omtIng pmddon of in~wnatlonol /mu.

Rhn t l k w p r o v k l ~ ~ am mloted ro Article 7 of& European &nventn on Humon RMtr (hmIrqFr the ECHR) which hrrr @or& ovar any other law in BIH (Arllde 2.2.4 the Cmtihrtion of BIH). it m 9 be d d e d that the prine@e of lsgclllry q/hd lo in Ar~leb 3 ofthe Criminal Co& Ir rst fwh In the/irrt sentence ofArlicle 7 (I), afthe ECHR, while the second sentence #Article 7 (1) ofthe ECHR prohibits *&at a 'heawtw DMOIIY k l m d tlurn the one &at wm crwl1~11ble at the time the aImInaI @&& waa~wmmir;ed I k ~ f i , thk pmvklon & L C T I ~ the pmhibltlon ofbnplng a kQovIer penalry bw 11 doea nol pmedbe mandatory qpliaptlan afthe low mom lenlent lo the pupchrrhw In relatlon lo the penal& that wvrs cp,prIrnble at the tlme the almlnal Q@U% war committed

Howem, Artkle 7(2) of the ECHR ~~l l ta ins he exeepflon to (I) and it all~wtfbr the trio1 dpunisIment oforp,per/br a 9 a u or omlsslon whkh, at the lime when I1 was wmmltted or omlttrd. was crImInal acwdIm the ~eneml mIm~es oflow q & e d liy civlllcad not~olls.~lke wmeprlnc@le & knm1n2 in ~ i i l d e i s of the In~c~nalionoI C-ant on Cfvll and Politiml Rlntrb. lIrb emx~tlon k i n c l d with the qec@c OQIMIVS to OIIOW the qp~iiwtl~n" of not~onal c;rd ~ntematlon~~ Ieg&latlon whkh came into q@c~ durlw and &at the World Wm II m p d l q war &IIMU. Acwnilng~, the crrar low ofthe Ewoparrn Cwrr of Hmmn Rights (NaIetllld w. CrootIa No. 5I891liPP8 Kolk and K k w QS. 6sronl0, Na 23052/04and 401dVOI) cmphmku the appliecrbllllry dpa-ph (I) mthw than pamgaph (I) ofA&lc 7 ofthe kuropsru, thvenlion when dealircg with these Q@NW which aka J u s t ~ s the ~ I i i w t l o n qf Article #a ofthe Lmu on Amendments to the Crlnrinol Coda ofB1H in . thaw apses.

7%Is i;rsua WCY also dlmused ky the C~~~t l tu t l lon l Court of BIH In the appeal of A. MaW(AP 17- and in i& decision of30 Mcach 2007 it slored: "Parag@ 6B. In pmc/Ics, no country of /ormu Y ~ I a v k r in their legLcIations .ptovidd a paulbilii?, oflmpatng /@time imprisonment o r p ~ o l t l ~ s of long t

..

.. .- Obtained from worldcourts.com subject to terms and conditions.

which rwr @en dona by the lntemational Criminal Tribunal for f m w YugosIavla (coarsmafKrst14 GaIh! ek). At the dame time, the concept of the CC afSFRY did not pmmibs long term i~nprkonm or Ifitim ~ ~ n t ; rother, U prercribd death penolgfir & mwt sevsn criminol g e m s and prism term afmt longer than 15yeamJw Iarc nmrrsjbm qfcrima ~e@m, it is clear that o m pna l y connot be ~ p o m r e d ~ the ovaroll objecflw wMch was to bo &lewd wUh t h ~ penal policy or the time that Codg war In @u. 8'Pamgmph 69. With m p t d to thal, the ChsUUlronal COW is af the opinion that it is nat paarible to simp& rumow one sanction and oh@, m m lenient sanc~ians~ and therehy kasIcaIr)l lmw the marr sewwr criminal Q,@enw inmiequate& sanctianed. "

me pllndphl ofcotnpnlroy applhurti01) afthe Inom lmht law, in the vlew ofthe Panel, b uxcldd In pmwmtbg those c r ln r ln r1~@8~~s which at tha time of their p p t m t i o n were ahtolute&@reseeable and g e n e ~ ~ I ~ known to be in o o n t ~ t i o n gfgemml ruler q,finternatIonal Itnu.

Analjong Arllcle 172 (1) afthe Criminal C d d B 1 4 it is e~fdent that thh ocl Is a & of a gww of criminal 48enses against hummrlly and wlues p ~ e c t e d under international law (Choprsr XYII, CC af BiH). mls grmy, of acts is rpzcifi because it is not s@claru to p o e m a spec#lc ph~wical activiy and cammit tho eriminol e n r e , but it also rsguim the mwreness q,fthafo~r t h internatIona1 nrlu om vld& hy committing those a&, and the assumption that the ptphtor must Rnow tlrrrr h e prlod af war, aon/I& or animwiry is crIHml& s e ~ i t h e a d apec/aI& p t d under prkcciplus af internafional IQW, and as such this ou bscomet awn mom s&nmnt a d I# commission has m m ~ 8 1 1 8 ~ O O N ~ t h Uthe crime rwr wmmlNed h some ofhwperlod or under d@kemn/ c ~ t a ~ . Phcqfore, the cg,plleot&n afthe CC cfBlH, in the view ofthe Panel, is Jmti/led a d in accanlance with nonnahe a g u l a t i o ~ which rer the sta&&Jw o h v a n c e ofhumon rights.

R C I I I ~ ~ ~ to k t is the meting our 4th penal&, becouw Article 7 of the Eutvpemr &nvation on Human Rlght~ also l d u d ~ 1 the regime of ~ I m i n a l sanctions. Article 172 (1) along with th lbtd item qfthe CC afBCH, p~wwlbes im@sonmnt for a term ofnot isu than ten yeam or a long-renn hprkonment.

ln'mgatd & the crimirtel ad itser/; the Court wn~idemd the punishmen/ thor war neorcsmy and proparIlonale lo the jbllowing staIWory pqmmI anti the mlcwnr statumy 00l~MPmth2m.

to the danaer and wt fa In wnnection with this the

Coun will also k e e ~ in mind the sratufory #uwidemtIan which s~mcMmltb doeh this - - pwpask, that k he s e i n g offhe drrkr and l n d i w v i cha - (~ ; 48 aflhe CC of B!H). lk dimt vldimd ofthis ofem wen Hasan Ahmetsprrhid, Nail CIsnmnbegovIC, Wneba Oullonbeg~vIE~ rhe mother of Wneba OsmanbqovlC, Protected witness


MH., PWucted wllnes~ C. Slnrrd &&SIC, Knver ~ m v i c , Sofit T ' I c , Nsrlr Zunh!, aman Kwqmhl~!, Abid Mwi4 S d Dolawc, the bmthtw ofSuwd D o l e and a young man, AKA &lbl and the wwnur and chlldran ~~pmted l ton , their h~phndr,Jhthem and &/hers and fd to Join aonvqys to lllegalb Qlpel them from their homes.

l%e suffmlng of the d W vIctIms wm s@@mnt. H a ~ n A h m ~ h 1 0 and Nall ~ b a g o ~ l d wem arbitmrib deprived qfthdr 11- by Lelek and r w ~ &r people hnd while illegal& in thelr ctu* Nail and Hascn were heaten and t e r t v r ~ Nall to the poi^ ytspechlaun~. Hasan was alro stabM. ZqIneba and her mother. an 80 year old womaq wem ternwhsd and thmtened and caused extrrme ema~lonal l@ty by having their homesfinIb& e n t d by Wak and two others In the mldde 4 the n&ht, robbed, and- to shlp naked and -in /ha/ way* near& an hour. In mrdditlon they w m ccnued the angukh qf witncu~lng the sgering yt Nail and Hasan, and Zejneba wasl$reed to eontribute to /hat $@ring by bole orducdat gun polnt lo $11 on Hasan's chear, an act which made hls slab wound spm blood. l h t anguish was compounded when rhr two men wuc taken owqy by b lek and the orher two a0 pupe~mtors d n e w seen a/& ogoln. ZsJneba tsal@ed that ever since, she e x p r b c a s@ikr& fmm the enwtlotml iduri~b iflicted on her that nightl on a &I& k ln CrddWon, although Hasan's bodj, has been W, ZqIneba continues h~ sea&* the mmalns of Nall, unassisrcd by a 9 I ~ a t I o n as to whem he was laken.

'he &ring to rqpa vlellm MH & also orlgohrg Although it may nor be paulble to establish the wtwmrn to which tclek'r crlnie contributes to that sder im and the wUmrss test&d thal ;hers who d her at Vllina Vlas &a wrvo &IB &tal than hIe4 it i r - m l e n ~ to note /hail/ did h fbcr conhibws s i g n ~ n t l y . MH w#p

ah& In an obvlous mutlIa~pm((iml candition when Lelek m d her having been sema& andphVrI~~I& bru!all&by several &rs in the d4)u &d h u m pn&dirlB. MHwvrsalroawwnon LelekhadknownsincehIschII~ andhIsactwrrrbotha violmion of t u r in their acqualntam or d l or In/lcIIon ofsevvvr mental and physical poln me se r l ng of sewm sexual violence e x p e r i d by protected wlmss C was both physical andpryelrologicaI. Lelek's atmck ofher occurred In her awn home, whm she was tm rhed at gunpoht. snmaedphysidol beating, robbed of h e r ~ b n r , IInsuted, and- to witness &I& q i n g his genltalr to her and to p/@caI& touch and stroke hls aqmedpenin which Lelekfbmed her to do wrtll d i d e d to stop by @ubl& Sm,& .. flrs men darotned in the police station e n d d pl@cal s~@rlng when they wem fitted to spend revsrrrl& umvded into a small mom, the dlmemton qfwhich wer - 4m by dm: 124- had b&n beaten &@re their de~entlon and we= & r l n g j b m Inlur l~fbr whlch no medical heb was pmldecrl In addUIon, &/So a o u m man in h i &, exprleneed beatings bbth &&om h& illegal detention in the ~ 1 1 ~ statlon, and h i m fhor detention or well, to the mlnt /hat he ,r maovered with bloodanti Ian ~ o u s I U ~ . &Iek, or one #the anned q6llovr w h presenc8 & the continued illegal imprlsanment mntrlbucrd lo the n&ering of all daroinees. He


wnhibucad to the sq@ring of ScrIko diroub by h t e n l n g him, taunting himl and pnlerlng him to slqp Ms 0wllJzm which was rrlreu& b l e e d i ~ p r c d ~ d a & ~ WOW

Tho &king oftlroos m n s ~ fm Vkgmd in the convoy on which Lelek acted as an awned guard Included the anguish caused by en/$rred ~ m t l l o n j h m male fami& mam& t h e J ~ r M t h t a made dirceb and indire~lb agakt them which awmd their lmvlng rlre despair #having no choice but to law homel pos&ions, oommuni& a d pmml ties, and the ~lessnusa of being j h e d to a shonge cowmiry wbb nothiag to muloin lhem but the few pomssIrn thqy w m able to -. The e i n g d M b Wlcced on dl these vlctlrns amuod st@@ to Ih~irjim~ilier and thelr commnWes as weU. lk fo11)IIka #Hasan and Nall never smv them alhg again and, ailhough H w n 'r bo& waajbundl no one hac ever told his finti& where he was taken or how h died. In &tionl &Id's actions @pinst the d i m vlditns ab nsgmive& impcled on the ~ n n l l l e s in which tiray lived because it reltfotd the lryeer qDbrr to olhnicd~ clea)u8 the Muslim popnlation f h n tk Vifegmd area dnd cordinned to t h jhUles and nefghbon of these vldima that they could not mIinue to I& in tkir homes and wmmunirier. As a d, the ~1111ure of the v l I I m hwn/uh and wider mmmnlry # VI&pd was changed and t h familler andmlghrbors s @ d the deprhrlon of their homes, communI3, and w q v #I@.

?6e sentence must be pppmIonate to this dagnre o f s ~ ~ and in oddtion, it matt be &kicrn/ to -. h t m . Oimer

6aad39oflh

wmmineddurlorg IABog tlrOWI that an? dimtedat the c i v U I r r n p p ~ t b rpatprrn ofthe wideqread or 4yskwatk attrrc) designed to &@I a pa* to the conJIct w n w be tolemted. & punrshing st@clent& rhme indkIdu(11s who commit such mu, others involved in furws cod?ic~s will be put on notice rhor /hem is o &ow jwiw ropqy fm engogng in them crimes. lbe sen- must Mect thor in timer ofcoqtIIlcr, the ~ S O M i m k d contlmre to have the legal reqmmibiIi& to obg, tho lm. Withoul the williing criminal inwhwmnt ofindkiduals, it u l d be impmalblefir those s q ~ ~ i w s who wnceIvs of wid- or sysIematic attacks ugaht ckll&ns m SIIU+@II& persecute and tenw&e an entlmpopnhrtloR.

In CUcdiUon, thls sentence nusr dea m r t . 39 of rha CC of BIH). 2 7 ~ comnitmlg, in thls cam b the popla of Barnlo and Hcwqpvlno, and the i w e r n a t ~ l communl&, who haw, by domestic and Ir~maIImal law, made conduct # thb nunma a crime againat humani@. Honker, w&mhIlxation qfthls candkt is i ~ l e n t alone IO rlrow condemnation it. AAprop7lta -1 SURCIIOIU must be Imposed an thoaa who oomtnlt t h crimes in &r lo ~WIJIRD that n w a ~ established by intemtional humanitarian lmv are nor mem& &awl or acprrrlionu~ and thrrr violations dint-I humanitarian law wlil nor be cwwlarsed wltb lmptmly.


jhe senfence mud a&o be nemmty andpmptloonole to rhe Is to cduaaa,lo of

&a CC of B&& lkia/ and seMencIng fw thh oclivlry m w demonstrate not on& thot wimespcrp8tmted in time of wurr wlll nor be damled, but that the legal solwlon Is rlra appqrlote wqy to mcognks rlrs WIIM and h k ?he wle &fimm rahlbrrrlan A renrcurca thtfiI& rajeds the ser&usnesa ofthe act can contribute to rrooneillollon &plwMing a legal, rather than vlolent, mrarpo; and ptvmote the goo1 ofrspraclng the h i m for priwte or ~~lnmunal wngeunce wlth the recopillon that J m t k Is a c h i d lRe crime q f p s ~ ~ r i o n aeates a d q p r nod on& to the Imdllote vktinu, bul to bociery as a whde in that II contributes to an atmbphm fl Invlessners, andpmotes cmd petpetnates lnquali& and disc rim in at lo^^

All of them comldemtiona relevant lo the crlminal wmmi~ted by the Accused led the Panel to believe /ha/ the necessay mrd pmporfionate sentence Macling the &mvi& of the cr lm l ~ s e r / s ~ d be 13 pars.

Sdntenclng ~ I d s m t l o M must old0 taka hlo aaomt tha slot^ ruqulmment fl ~~ (Art. 39 qfth CC of BiH) ond the lndhldual circumstaneac nol only of the crlnnlnal act but a h the ulmiwl actor. llram am ~ Q O staturoypurpatu dewnr ro the lndhldual cimvlded qfcrime: (I) s&c detemnce to keq the OMYldedprson fiom ~@ndIng qgoin (Art 6 and 39 ofthe CC fl BIH); d I)) rehabllltaiton (Art 6 qf the CC fl BH). RehabiIImtIon & nor on& a purpose t h the CrIn~inal Code Imposes on the Court, but It is the only- dared to se~teming mo&nked ond eqmssb rsgu id under h~ernotlonal human rlghts law to whlch the Cow b eonstI~trtlonaI& bound. lCCPR ArlWs IO(3) pmvldes: '" penitentby r)otem shall cohplse m w t m ~ t ofprhonsrr the eswntlal aim ofwhlch shall k thelr ~ m a t l o n and zoclal ~billtatI011.'"

Ilren am a nwrbsr of statutory 0o~Idermlona dawnt to these pu- as t hq fleer the sentencing of the individual convlued person (Arr 48 ofthe CC of Bm. I l r w hdude: degm qfllabUIlry; the conduct q f r h e ~ t w p r l o r to the ~ M C S . at or around the time oftha and s h a the oflence; molIva; and the personali~ ofthe peqmtmrar. T h e con$Idt?ratiom can k uaed in aggmvatlon or mlrlgolon of &e sentence, ar them wrmnt. h polnt of these consldamrons is to oybt the Coun In detennlnlng the senmce that is not only neceamy and pmprtlonar fw the putposea and w1uI~ t1ons oImQ caIcuIated in mmctfon with the act /mr/and the f l e ~ l on the communI3,, bul lo lollor that rartonce to the & e m t and ralrobilitatIve mqulmmants ofthe prr~iculm oflder. - When klek wmmiaed the on- q f f d mr@r and unlawfil &tentIon in the *iae <lotion he u m acting under ordars flo~hem However, in the crimes invohlng Hawn AhmetsprrhIC and the OsmonbmwIC fmlb LeIek acted as a ILodcr, givim


.mas ro pmect rltQ citizens # Vntegmd of all ethnkIliles. a du6, he viol& in fho commlarion Qfall the crimes andpmrlcularly those in which he commiued vloImceD both wxual a d Ptgri004 qeolnsl orhers. IRe depw of liablllry is an qdlgrmrvth

Y-- @I 71ra cim- orlor W

of tho a f L s b t h in -tion and mit@~lon, and are x& ro ~ ~ ~ i d e m t l ~ ~ ~ $de& and mhabihto~on. -

(I) ~ o r a the O~BPUO Most PnwcutIon and &&me witnaes, In prrnlcular, Willtaw C, attea to the fou that &la ivas fm a ~pwred/omily in VIbepd, that hls fither rwrs a well known and pnemi& I ~ p o I i c e 04- in the town and that Lelek was married to a young woman a ~v?spctabIe fmib and in the worclc Qf Witness C, he wm &all accounts a hlw prtng man: He had pacitlw soclal InteractloM with wmh of the esrnrnuni& @a// ethmicilllck His I&? Wre he war k a mitigating fe.

pj ci-ta- sll~oruading tlts O@NO 71ra ads themsehrss m d theb pemcutoty mhtm have alm& been calculated in the co~Id81~tion ~fth ol~h/brpwsecut Ion and in the considemtlon of the gmwmw& 01 the ofisnca TRa c lmm- of the o Q i o@ no c r d d t ~ l i ~ & i m I o n @either an twmvatlng or mItI~tIng nature.

(3) C ~ ~ I ~ R O B O s l m that nme Le1ek.k xwdm a pIic8 since the war. Although them war some testimony I& he made ethniwI& dlscrhinatoty comments ondguhvar to Murlim mtumea on two oaarrrionr. tha Panu1 doar nor /ind such e~MBnce WT#W or d i W a llra uedible widem3 csmbl&hes tha~ ire s e n d honomb& until hk a m f on theae charges, and tkor is0 complaln~s won, flled against him during thk time. He con~ributed to cke npport @his w@ and huo minor chiI&m, with whom ha reskied Tha c imunston~~~ since l)lS aommisslon ofthe &hues am m1t1'1ingf0clm. -.

CbnditcI dwiq the case n e Amrrcd behated w11h decorum dwittg the m e of the hi01 ad did nothing parsonaI& to agpmate witnesses, nor did he show dimpeer to a v witnm or the Court. H& Conmau m a the Courr 's e.xpeclafions and presenred neither aggmva~hrg nor m ~ t l n g f ~ h w s .

lawx Motiw in the woa & -mow with the intent to dlscr6nhcrte OR olhnk and dlglow gmundr, and PI(; alka@ been foIwIa~ed or an element ~ f th and thw#3re wUl not ha wlculatedcrgoln 0s on additional factor Q f ~ ~ I r n

lRe Panel AAI RD m i h rcgordlng the prsonall& @he Acewed orher than rhor -led by h& ~ I O N W m , during rwrd qfler the o f i s . thtn which d d be

. . D

55


o b s e ~ j S w n h13 behavior in the courlmom, the nruunr of the O ~ ~ N I U &emseIwr. W/rrsl two have been dloeussedabowr - lh &ngfh qfa ~ a t m c ~ and the ttns spnt in Jail or punishmmtjbr the erlma am rsgUlrrote &term& in MI cruan 7lrsy provide the 0-QT wlth 1~habUUoti0n: an opportuniy to co~Ider the @ets of his actiom on victims, to @eel on his past mlsloku, to make amecmrsncl;rJw his crhlnal actions, and comider the way to impme his I@% when d d r o as not IO Aavs to ever return to Jail in the fiavc.

In &it& all p r h m in BiH h the smtutrory raspomibiI~ lo design an qppmprlohr r c l w b ~ ~ a t ~ w hrwtmml pm&mmJw the k~ronero entrusted lo thd; espscralb i/ t& have individual 1shabIIitarh9 naetk me natm afthe crimes of phum ~ ~ r n ~ k d ~ a i n s t the women in the Osmanbegovit jhmilly. ihe mp&ort& Qf MH and the sexual violem? o g c r i ~ t C mise lrnres jbr indlvidud assessnlent. 71re Low of Bosnia And H~negovina on the ion of Crimlorol Sonclio~u~ &tention pd Other ~ e a n r m " mquim that prisonws be messed as to rkair lndividkrrl neetab and tmtmmt @am be designed to mest thaw indkidual neadr.'B flris stahrlary kqultwnent is wmktent with BiHk inlernational human rights obllgorlom & ICCPR ArlIcle 100).

1n.ewluatIng the mlevant "c I~cwu~~~~wI baaring on the mog~irudo afpun-I" set mu on Article 48 (I), Jw the ~ S V N explained above, the Panel concludes thor both ezlen~ting and a&gmating c ~ t m 0 w 1 d l . n8 degree ofi@lay lo the ~rotec~ed obieel was aid wlculclnd in Part One of this sente~clng anabis when ~eol~itierin~-the p i y of ihe @m? i w a n d rollinor k 'counted8 nuke, When b o l d q the extenuating and agpwating jktors, the Pam1 wndudu hat the

&muant to ArtIde 56 of the CC Qf BIH, the elme the Accused spew in cut& psndik Mol, under the Decision #this Court pr of5 M i 2606, shoII ba munted clr pmr Q f t h e p ~ ~ s e n ~

Comidering rlnrr flre A c e d wrrrfiund g1111& in om port of& wrdld the Panel, pursuanl lo Article I88 (I) of rhe CPC of BIH obliged the A m d to nrimburse the eqts of the pmceedlw in thtu porr. In doing so, the Panel I& into account thelb# that nona ofthe prrrtlu to thep~vceediqp proved the fanr ser out in Article 188 (4) Qf the CPC of BlH whlch would relieve the A e ~ d Mrhe thy to mimbwse the carr Qf the pmcdings pertaining to the comicring prvr o/ the vopdct. On the wnlmty, pummnt to Article 189 (I) @the CPC of BiH the Accused is mIImd of the du@ to


nimbuna the cwr #the pmaediv pmlning to the aquMng porr # v m i k ~ as well ar in h e porl #the wrdlcl hyping he drogrs. b M e r i n g hat the P d at this p in t rdoar nor haw all ~onnatIon #the amount @/he awt afthe pmmedings parraining to the convicting pim af tk wrdkt, a deckion on that will be RIoda #~hwg~ory& in a r e p o m &&Ion cd)u the P a d obr0IIU the nsasu~rry data.

lllre i n j d pmried M i r d T a b u k ~ ~ i ~ wi- S, A, D, filed a claim nndar low d m ~8imbwsement of dbmage rhor mwe bsapclse #the ao~nmksian

the crlmlml by the A a d Conriderlw that deIIbemtIon on this mian cuould ~b~IdaMb& prolorlg l h pmmlilngr, the Panel m$hed the inJwd p a ~ k s filing o claim u n b p r o m lm lo a &I1 a~llon, pur.want lo Arlicle 19% (2) 4th CPC #Bill.

RECORD TAISER PRESIDING JUDGE Hilnro Vueinld

LEGQL REMEDY NOTE: 7hls V e d a m q be a ~ l e d wlth the A ~ I I a t e Pone1 4/llro Cold tf BiH withln IS @em!) &w q&r the m r u f ~ @his VsrdIcr.


Prosecutor v. Lelek Zeljko , Verdict (WCS BiH 1st Inst ... · ham to into the riwr rip to thelr...

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