PROSE Chapter - 1 : A Wrong Man in Worker’s Paradise

PROSE

Chapter - 1 : A Wrong Man in Worker’s Paradise— Rabindranath Tagore

Summary In life along with useful things, a person also does some things which only give pleasure. Such was the case of

an artist whose work was considered useless by others. When he died and was accepted in heaven, by mistake an angel put him in the Workers’ Paradise, where he was a total misfit. Here also, as on Earth he passed his time in activities which others considered useless. Over there, a girl who went daily to fill water from a torrent took pity on him, thinking that he had no work to do. The man asked her for one of her pitchers, as he wanted to draw pictures on it. The girl refused to do so, saying that she had no time to waste on an idle person. Everyday the man coaxed her to give him one of the clay pitchers and at last she agreed. He painted it, but the girl could not understand the purpose of it. At home, she spent a lot of time gazing at it, as for the first time she had seen something without any purpose.

The next day she went again to fill the pitchers, but now she left in a hurry. This time the painter asked if he could make a colored ribbon for her hair.

The next day she spent a lot of time tying the ribbon in her hair, thus wasting a lot of time. A lot of work was left unfinished. For the first time in Workers’ Paradise people started wasting time on paintings and sculptures.

The elders became worried and called for a meeting, in which they agreed that such a state of affairs had never been known before. The aerial messenger confessed that he had made a mistake by bringing the wrong man into Workers’ Paradise. The man was summoned and asked to leave. The man felt relieved but as he was about to do so, the girl came and said she would also go with him. The elders were shocked as no such meaningless thing had taken place there before.

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Chapter - 2 : The Elixir of Life— C.V. Raman

Summary Man has always looked for an elixir of life, not knowing that water is the precious elixir. Egypt would not be

what it is today- a flourishing, fertile country, had it not been for the River Nile that flows through it. The Nile’s silt and ever flowing water have made it a paradise. Water has always played a main role in life.

Water makes everything look beautiful whether it is a stream, pond or a shallow rain-fed tank of South India. These tanks are almost like a lifeline. Rivers carry down life-giving silt that is a bonanza for agriculture.

On one hand water plays a beneficial part, whereas on the other, it is also a destructive element as it washes away soil. This can be disastrous.

Soil erosion occurs in many steps, the earliest of which generally goes unnoticed but becomes apparent when it is too late. Thus, there are many factors which assist in this, but checks should be placed at the initial stage itself. Flow of water should be checked before it becomes destructive.

Everything depends on water. Each living organism has some part of water

Water preservation is essential for survival of everything. Indian agriculture depends on seasonal rainfall and irregularity of the same can have far reaching effects.

Water should not be wasted but should be preserved and used for turning waste land into fertile land. Afforestation is also the need of India as it will check soil erosion and help conserve water.

Water is the source of the cheapest form of internal transportation but not much is being done to improve it. Likewise hydroelectric power should be developed as it will make a vast difference to life.

Water, on one hand, is freely available and very common but it also has the quality of maintaining life in all forms. It has amazing properties, so the investigation of its nature and properties is of higher scientific interest.

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Chapter - 3 : The Gift of the Magi— By O. Henry

Summary This story is about a young couple Della and James who are very much in love with one another. They lived

in a shabby flat as James’ job was not very well paying. Everyday Della scrimped and saved, haggling with the grocer, vegetable man, etc., so that she could save enough money to buy a good Christmas gift for her husband. All that she could save was one dollar and eighty seven cents. Not enough to buy a really good present. Observing herself in the mirror, a sudden thought came to her. Two things were of great value to the Dillinghams–Della’s knee length chestnut hair and James’ gold watch. Without a second thought Della immediately set out for ‘‘Mme Sofronie-Hair Goods of All Kinds’’. Madame agreed to buy Della’s hair for twenty dollars. Clutching the money, Della went to the stores and found the perfect gift for Jim (James) – a platinum fob chain for his gold watch. After purchasing it, she hurried home. There she took out her curling irons and tried to make a good hairstyle of what was left of her hair. She hoped against hope that Jim would not scold her too much.

When Jim came home in the evening, he stared fixedly at Della. Della tried her best to pacify him asking him not to be too unhappy, as her hair would grow back soon. Still Jim looked unbelievingly at her. Della again told him that she had sold it, but her love for him was the same. Jim hugged her. Then he took out a package from his overcoat-pocket. He told Della that nothing could make him love her less, not even a haircut. The reason why he was shocked, would be apparent when she opened the package. Della quickly opened the package and then screamed with happiness. In it were the tortoiseshell combs, which she had admired for a long time, but never had the money to purchase them. Then she realised with horror that the hair in which she would have worn them were gone. Tears came into her eyes but she smiled at Jim and said that her hair would grow back soon. She then gave Jim her present and told him to put it on his watch at once. Jim smiled at her and said that he had sold his watch in order to buy the combs for her.

Both of them had sacrificed their greatest treasures for each other, thus proving how much they loved one another.

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Chapter - 4 : Louis Pasteur, Conqueror of Disease— By E.H. Carter

(Source : Pioneers of the Modern World)

Summary Louis Pasteur was the son of a tanner, who was decorated for bravery by Napoleon.

Just like a soldier he was a fighter of diseases. Throughout his life, his studies focused on bacteria. Louis Pasteur had always worked to help people out of suffering. When he was young he was interested in Chemistry and later he became a Professor of Chemistry in Alsace, where later on he got married.

Pasteur’s way of dealing with problems was to sit silently for hours thinking deeply. When he thought of a solution, he would run happily to tell his wife and his assistants.

Pasteur always wondered why living things decay and why wine ferments. He carried out his experiments in breweries and there he came to know more about yeast and how it acted.

After a few years Pasteur became the Director of Scientific Studies in Paris. The question that puzzled him was whether germs give birth to other germs or they come of themselves? Unlike others he felt that germs were carried in the air and infected other things. To prove himself that correct, he undertook many experiments. He showed how air is full of dust particles and germs are carried by this dust. He also showed the difference between pure and stale air. He showed that bottles filled with soup and kept in the hotel bedroom were completely spoiled whereas those in the field were slightly mouldy and those kept on the mountain had no germ. He thus showed us that the air around us should be pure.

Another process known as pasteurization, was discovered by him. By heating milk or wine to 50 or 60 degrees centigrade, the germs in them were made harmless.

All experiments done by Pasteur were for the benefit of human beings and were never for any destructive purposes. He founded a branch of science called Bacteriology. He believed that most infectious diseases were caused by bacteria and spent three years in tracking down the cause of a disease that had ruined the silkworm


industry. Dr Jenner of England had discovered a vaccination for smallpox but inoculation against diseases was not known.

Pasteur was trying to find a cure for a disease called anthrax. Through his studies he found that no cow got anthrax twice and felt that if some weak germs were injected into a cow or sheep, they would become immune. Most people did not agree with this. Pasteur carried out a public experiment which proved him right. Soon people started writing to him for supplies of ‘vaccine’ or weak germs.

Although Pasteur received many honours he remained a humble man. When people in a big Medical Congress in London clapped for him, he could not believe it.

One of his last experiments was with dog bites which caused rabies. He conducted an experiment of inoculation for the first time on a human being, when the boy’s mother requested him, and was successful.

During the World War-I (1914-18) the troops going abroad were inoculated against diseases, which resulted in very few of them falling ill to diseases even in unhealthy places.

To honour Pasteur, the Pasteur Institute in Paris still holds courses in Bacteriology for people from all over the world.

On his 70th birthday he was honoured by the scientists of all nations. Overcome by emotion, he was unable to speak and so his speech was read out by his son.

He urged students to first question themselves as to what they had done for their education and later on what they had done for their country. If they felt that they had given some contribution, it would give them everlasting happiness, just as he had known such happiness.

Pasteur died at the age of 75. No name in science is more honoured or will be remembered for as long as Pasteur.

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Chapter - 5 : What Is Moral Action ?— By M.K. Gandhi

Summary In this lesson Mahatma Gandhi tells us the difference between moral and immoral actions. Mere observance

of customs does not necessarily make us moral people.

To make any act of ours moral, it has to be done out of our own free will. Any act done mechanically is not a moral act. A king pardoning a culprit is a moral act. His messenger’s passing on this message, can be considered a moral act only if he considers it his duty and does not do it mechanically.

According to Gandhi, it is not enough just to do a good act, but to do it with good intentions. Feeding the poor out of good intentions is a good act, but if it is done out of any selfish interest it is not a moral act. Another thing to remember is that there should be no compulsion, fear, self-interest behind a moral act.

If any action is performed by the motive of comfort in this or another world it can be considered as an immoral act. Two examples of people who did everything out of devotion and not for any kind of reward are St. Francis Xavier and Saint Theresa.

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POETRY

Chapter - 1 : To a Pair of Sarus Cranes— By Manmohan Singh

Summary This poem deals with the grief of the female bird who pines away to death after its mate had met its end at the

hands of cruel hunters.

The killers shot the male crane. Then in a very callous manner they stuffed its body into a bag, the same way as one stuffs dirty clothes into a wash bag. The female bird was unable to bear the death of its mate and circled the sky weeping and mourning its death. She then went to the scene of its death, kissed the feathers of her mate lying there. She then sat on them as if to hatch him back to life. She pined away to death and was carried off to a world far away from the mortal world, where she would be reunited with her mate’s soul.

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Chapter - 2 : Abraham Lincoln’s Letter to His Son’s Teacher— By Abraham Lincoln

Summary In this poem American President Abraham Lincoln requests his son’s teacher to teach him the values of life, so

that he can become a fine person and citizen. He wants his son to know that the world is full of men, who are unjust and untrue, but for each scoundrel there is a hero, for each selfish politician, a true leader. He wants the child to know that he will make many enemies, but he will also have many friends. His child should be kept away from envy but should learn the value of quiet laughter. He should learn that bullies are the easiest to defeat. His teacher should teach him to value books and learn the eternal mysteries of nature about, the birds, bees, flowers, etc. His son should learn that it is better to fail than to cheat. He should have faith in himself and not follow the crowd. He should be gentle with the gentle people and tough with the tough people. He should listen to everyone but should be able to distinguish between right and wrong. He should learn to laugh when he is sad and not be ashamed of his tears. He should scoff cynics and avoid people, who are too sweet.

He should develop his mind and physique and use them for his living, but should never sell his soul. He wants the teacher to be gentle with him, but not pamper him. He should be patient and brave. Finally, he says that he wants his son to have complete faith in himself and in mankind. Lincoln is aware that what he is asking is a tall order but the teacher should teach him all these things, as his son is a fine fellow and will become a fine citizen if he receives all this knowledge.


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Chapter - 3 : The Temple and the Body (Vachana)— By Basavana

Summary This is a Vachana, i.e., a poem with a moral meaning written by Basavana, a great Kannada saint, poet and social reformer. In this poem, Basavana is sad because he cannot construct a temple for the Gods, the way the rich people can. He can

however turn his body into a temple. His legs are the pillars, his body the shrine and his head a cupola. He beseeches God to reside in his body temple as temples of stones are stationary and will perish with time. The human soul, however, will reach God.

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Chapter - 4 : Lochinvar— By Sir Walter Scott

Summary This ballad is about a young promising knight of the Highlands. He came riding through the wide border of

the West, on his horse which was one of the best horses. For defence, he had only a sword. He rode all alone to meet the girl he loved. Lochinvar was well-known for his bravery both in war and love. He did not stop for even a second, no matter what difficulties came in his path. He even swam across the Esk river where there was no shallow point (ford). However, even before he reached Netherby Hall the bride had consented to marry someone else, a man who was both cowardly and a laggard in love. Bravely, Lochinvar entered the Netherby Hall, even though it was filled with the bride’s relatives and brothers. The bride’s father asked him if he had entered in peace or to fight.

Lochinvar replied that for a long time he had wooed his daughter, but his marriage proposal had been rejected. His love for her was like the waters of the Solway, had been high like the swollen water but now had ebbed. He had come to dance one last time with Ellen and drink one cup of wine at her wedding. He also added that there were more beautiful girls in Scotland who would readily become his wife.

The bride Ellen gave him a goblet of wine, which he drank and then they danced. She had a smile on her lips, but there were tears in her eyes. While dancing, Lochinvar whispered something in her ear. They danced towards the door where his horse was waiting. Quickly he swung her onto the saddle and rode away. All the clans of the bride’s side chased them but could not catch them, and so they escaped.

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Chapter - 5 : A Poison Tree— By William Blake

Summary In life when we get angry with someone and tell them so, our anger dies out, but if we keep it in our heart, it

can become dangerous.

In this poem the speaker was angry with his friend and he told him so. The anger went away, as he had communicated his feelings. The speaker then became angry with his enemy, but he kept quiet about it. This anger became stronger day by day as he fed it with his fears and deception.

His anger has been shown metaphorically as the growth of a tree. It bears an apple, which can be likened to the apple in the garden of Eden. It attracted his enemy, who stole it at night. After eating the apple, he fell dead. The speaker was happy at his death. Not telling or communicating one’s feeling, leads to destruction.

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NON-DETAIL

Chapter - 1 : Treasure Island— By Robert Louis Stevenson

Summary This story unfolds to a seaside inn named Admiral Benbow owned by Jim Hawkins’ family. One day, an old

seaman named Billy arrives at the inn and takes a room there. His cherished possession was an old sea-chest.

Several weeks after his arrival an evil looking sailor comes to the inn. Billy has a fight with him which results in the evil man being wounded. He runs away, and Billy falls exhausted on the floor. He suffers a fatal seizure.

Jim and his mother go through his cherished chest and discover a treasure map. Jim’s mother took only that much money as Billy owed her. Jim shows the treasure man to Squire Trelawney and Doctor Livesey. They plan a voyage to the island where the treasure is hidden. The squire travels to Bristol where he purchased a ship named The Hispaniola. He hires a sea-captain and staffs it with sailors recommended by the one-legged cook- Long John Silver.


When they sail towards the treasure island Jim inadvertently overhears a conversation between Silver and some of the crew members. They were planning a mutiny. They had also been on the ship that had carried the treasure that Jim and his friends were seeking.

Jim relates all that he has heard to his friends. When they reach the island, fighting breaks out between the two groups. Jim hides on the island and over there meets Ben Gunn, another ex-crew member, who had been marooned on that island three years back. They become friends as Ben Gunn agrees to help Jim.

In the meantime Trelawney and Livesey along with the loyal crew members row ashore. They find a stockade which they take for themselves. Long John Silver tries to negotiate with them but to no avail. Jim steals off to the ship and cuts the ropes, setting it adrift. When he returns to the stockade he finds that his friends have given the map to the pirates. The next day, when the pirates go to the spot where the treasure is hidden, they find that it is gone. This angers the pirates and they attack Silver and Jim, but the Squire and doctor save them. They then go to Gunn’s cave to recover the hidden treasure. Silver surrenders to them.

They return to England leaving the remaining pirates on the island. Silver escapes with a part of the treasure.

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Chapter - 2 : Karna

Summary The Pandavas and the Kauravas learnt the practice of arms both from Kripacharya and Dronacharya. A day

was fixed for the test and the public was also invited to witness it. Arjuna showed his skills with weapons and Duryodhana became jealous of him. At the close of the day, a youth entered and challenged Arjuna. Kripacharya, who knew the rules of single combat, told Karna that only a high-born prince could fight him. On hearing this, Karna bent down his head but Duryodhana immediately crowned him as the king of Anga. The combat was interrupted by the entry of Adhiratha, Karna’s foster father and Duryodhana drove away Karna in his chariot.

Indra, on the other hand, realized the gravity of the situation and put on the garb of a Brahman to ask Karna for his earrings and armour in charity. Despite the Sun God’s warning to Karna, he cut off both the things and gave them to the Brahmana. Indra became happy and bade Karna to ask for any boon he wanted. Karna asked for the weapon (Shakti) which had the power to kill enemies and his wish was granted.

Karna became the disciple of Parasurama. He learnt from him the mantra for using Brahmastra. However, Karna told a lie to his guru that he was a Brahmana. When the truth came out, Parasurama became angry and cursed him saying that the Brahmastra would fail him at a crucial moment.

Before going for the battle, Karna went to Bhishma for his blessings and he got it from him. Then started the great battle with Karna fighting from Duryodhana’s side. At one moment, the wheel of his

chariot sunk five fingers deep in the mud. Arjuna aimed at him and Karna was reminded of Parasurama’s curse. Krishna also reminded him of all his bad deeds which he had done in the company of Duryodhana. Karna bent his head in shame, but again tried to take out the wheel from the mud. Arjuna’s mind was wavering but Krishna told him to severe the head of Karna which he did. Thus, ended the life-story of a brave warrior.

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PROSE (PART-II)

Chapter - 1 : The Eyes are not Here— By Ruskin Bond

Summary A blind man was travelling all alone in a train compartment, when at Rohana, a girl got in. It was clear that

her parents had come to see her off as they were giving her instructions on what to do and what not to. When the train left the platform, he asked her where she was going. She was startled on hearing his voice and said that she had not noticed that anyone was there. The narrator decided that he would try his best not to make it apparent that he was blind. Both started talking and the narrator spoke about Mussoorie. Then they discussed the scene outside the window. Listening to the girl talk the narrator thought that her voice was like the sparkle of a mountain stream. When they reached Saharanpur the girl said good-bye and went away leaving a lingering perfume behind her. A man had got in at that station. He spoke to the narrator and told him that he would not find him as interesting a travelling companion as the girl who had left. The narrator enquired of him whether she had long hair or short hair. The man replied that he hadn’t noticed. He only knew that she had beautiful eyes, but of what use was that as she was blind. He further asked the narrator if he hadn’t noticed it.

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Chapter - 2 : The Girl Who Was Anne Frank— By Louis De Jong

Summary When Anne Frank wrote her diary she had no idea what impact she would have on the world. Her diary has

been translated into 19 languages and dramas based, on it have run for months. Anne Frank, a German born as Annelies Marie Frank, was the daughter of Otto Frank, a Banker. In 1933 when Hitler came to power, Otto Frank emigrated to Amsterdam, when he opened a firm and took a partner Mr. Van Daan. Otto realized very early the danger they were in as Jews and so built a secret annexe in the upper story of his firm where he and his family started hiding in 1942 when his daughter was called for deportation. His partner and his family joined him shortly. Their only link with the outside was a radio and four members of his staff who provided them with necessities.


On Anne’s 13th birthday she had been given a diary. In this she described her life in the ‘Annexe’. She said that she felt that she was a songbird whose wings had been ripped off. When the diary was filled, she wrote in other books that were available. She kept her diaries a secret and her father allowed her to keep them in his briefcase. On 4th August, 1944, unfortunately for them, someone revealed their secret to the Nazis who transported them to Auschwitz, a concentration camp. Here Otto was separated from his wife and daughters. Anne’s mother soon died, as did the Van Daans. Anne was ever courageous and urged her sister never to give in. In autumn, they were sent to another camp, Relsen, there she and her sister died in a typhoid epidemic. Their father somehow managed to stay alive and was freed in 1945. He soon learnt that his family had died.

Anne’s diary had been found by a family friend Miep who handed it over to Otto. Otto read it, crying bitterly after every few pages. He never thought to publish it. His friends finally managed to persuade him to publish it, as Anne had wanted so. Millions of copies were sold. All royalties were given for humanitarian causes. Otto answered all letters personally.

When the book was published in Germany, booksellers were scared to put them in their windows. When the drama was staged there, the Germans felt ashamed to face each other. They felt ashamed of this inhumanity shown to fellowmen. Some former Nazis also conferred that they were ashamed of being Nazis. People felt that such diseased and inhuman hatred should never be allowed to rear its head again.

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Chapter - 3 : A Village Cricket Match— By A.G. MacDonnell

Summary This is a humorous story about a cricket match between Englishmen and Scots in the village of Fordendan.

Most of the players were local shopkeepers or petty businessmen.

Two proper rules were followed, and many rules were made on the spot as per their convenience. A no-ball was declared even before the bowler had delivered the ball. Another ball was hit for four byes. One ball hit the wicket keeper’s stomach and he had to retire. In this way many untoward things happened and finally the match ended in a tie. Both the teams then went to the inn for drinks.

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Chapter - 4 : Consumerist Culture— By Cheriyan Alexander

Summary In this lesson the writer has made it very clear that people have become mindless consumers, buying things

which are practically of no use. Advertisements have made certain products hard to rest and these have become available in every nook and corner of the country. Artificially flavoured and colored water is being preferred to nutritive drinks. Shopping malls are springing up everywhere bringing availability of options that make us greedy for more. Small communities and co-operative societies are losing their foothold.

We should know that it is time for us to say ‘enough’. We should stop this damage which is being caused by extreme consumerism, otherwise nothing of value will be left standing on this earth.

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Chapter - 5 : The Pie and the Tart— By Hugh Chesterman

Summary This is a humorous one-act play set in Paris. Pierre and Jean are two beggars who are at first shown discussing

how to get some food. Pierre goes to Gaultier’s bakery and asks for food, but is turned away. Jean goes to the back door and asks Marion, Gaultier’s wife for food but is also sent away. Jean overhears a conversation between Gaultier and his wife, in which Gaultier says that he is going out for dinner at the Mayor’s house. Since the food there is quite bland, he will send for the eel pie. The messenger will come and kiss her hand to prove that he was sent by Gaultier.

Jean sends Pierre to pick up the pie with instructions as to what to do. Pierre manages to fool Marion into giving him the pie. Both of them feast on the pie.

In the meantime Gaultier comes home very angry, as the Mayor was out, and asks his wife to serve the eel pie. Marion says that she had given it to the messenger sent by him. Gaultier gets angrier and calls her foolish. In the meantime Jean and Pierre decide to use the same trick to get a tart also. This time Jean goes to the bakery and tells Marion that Gaultier has sent a message to send the tart also to the Mayor’s house. To his surprise and shock Gaultier comes out and start beating him. He asks him where the pie is. Jean says it is with Pierre. Pierre comes there and says that he has delivered the pie to the Mayor, and that he is asking for the tart also. Gaultier foolishly believes him and gives him the tart, telling him to take it to the Mayor saying that he will come in sometime. In this way Gaultier gets fooled twice. Jean and Pierre happily enjoy the tart.

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POETRY

Chapter - 1 : That Time of the Year— By William Shakespeare

(Sonnet-73)

Summary William Shakespeare in this poem talks about a man who has reached old age. He compares his age to autumn

when only a few leaves are left on the branches and the birds have departed to warmer clime. He then compares his age to the sunset which will soon fade into darkness—Comparing it to Death—in which everyone must one day fade away. He compares himself to the fast fading, embers which are lying on the ashes of his youth. He wants his friend to perceive these things, so that his love is strengthened by the knowledge that he will soon be parted from the speaker.

¸ÁgÁA±À ªÀμÀðzÀD¸ÀªÀÄ0iÀÄ(zÀmïmÉÊªÀiïD¥sïzÀE0iÀÄgï)–«°0iÀÄªÀiï±ÉÃPïì¦0iÀÄgï «°0iÀÄªÀiï ±ÉÃPïì¦0iÀÄgïF ¥ÀzÀåzÀ°è M§â ªÀÄÄ¢ ªÀ0iÀÄ¸ÁìzÀ ªÀåQÛ0iÀÄ §UÉÎ ªÀiÁvÁqÀÄvÁÛ£É. CªÀ£ÀÄ

vÀ£ÀßªÀ0iÀÄ¸Àì£ÀÄß±ÀgÀvÁÌ®IÄvÀÄ«UÉºÉÆÃ°¸ÀÄvÁÛ£É.FIÄvÀÄ«£À°èªÀÄgÀzÀPÉÆA¨ÉUÀ¼À°èPÉ®ªÉMtVzÀ

J¯É CAngÀÄvÀÛzÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÀQÌUÀ¼ÀÄ ¨ÉZÀÑ£É0iÀÄ ªÁvÁªÀgÀt ºÀÄqÀÄQPÉÆAqÀÄ ªÀ®¸É ºÉÆÃVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. CªÀ£ÀÄ

vÀ£Àß ªÀ0iÀÄ¸Àì£ÀÄß, PÀvÀÛ®£ÀÄß vÀgÀÄwÛgÀÄªÀ ¸ÀÆ0iÀiÁð¸ÀÛPÉÌ ºÉÆÃ°¸ÀÄvÁÛ£É, E°è PÀvÀÛ®£ÀÄß CªÀ£ÀÄ ¸Á«UÉ

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Chapter - 2 : The Stolen Boat— By William Wordsworth

Summary One summer evening the poet, led by Nature, found a small boat tied to a willow tree, hidden in a cave. He

untied it and rowed on what he considered to be a joy-ride. It was a beautiful scene with the oars leaving a trail, rippling circles, shining in the moonlight. The mountain echoed the sound of the boat. The boy felt himself admiring the stars in the sky above. He fixed his gaze on the peak of a mountain far away from him.

He rowed steadily towards the mountain, which as it came closer seemed to have a life of its own. It towered high above him, standing between him and the stars. With the oars trembling in his hand he changed his course and rowed back to the shelter of the willow tree.

After tying up the boat, he returned home in a thoughtful mood. For days afterwards his mind was beset by a strange feeling that there is a mysterious form of life in nature, far beyond the knowledge of man. His mind was filled with darkness. Only huge forms dominated his mind and plagued him day and night. He felt disciplined by nature.

¸ÁgÁA±À PÀ¼ÀÄªÁzÀzÉÆÃtÂ(zÀ¸ÉÆÖÃ®£ï¨ÉÆÃmï)–«°0iÀÄªÀiïªÀqïðìªÀxïð

MAzÀÄ ÉÃ¹UÉ0iÀÄ ÀAeÉ,PÀ«¥ÀæPÀÈw0iÀÄ ÉÆ§UÀ£ÀÄß À«0iÀÄÄvÁÛºÉÆÃUÀÄwÛgÀÄªÁUÀ,C°è«¯ÉÆªÀÄgÀPÉÌPÀnÖgÀÄªÀ

UÀÄºÉ0iÀÄ°èCqÀVgÀÄªÀMAzÀÄ¥ÀÅlÖzÉÆÃtÂ¹UÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÀ«CzÀ£ÀÄß©aÑCzÀgÀ°è«ºÁgÀPÉÌ ºÉÆgÀqÀÄvÁÛ£É,

CzÀ£ÀÄßCªÀ£ÀÄ¸ÀÄR«ºÁgÀJ£ÀÄßvÁÛ£É.CªÀ£À¸ÀÄvÀÛ°£ÀzÀÈ±ÀåUÀ¼ÀÄCzÀÄãvÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.zÉÆÃtÂ0iÀÄºÀÄlÄÖ


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CzÀgÉqÉUÉ zÉÆÃtÂ0iÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÁV¸ÀÄvÁÛ£É. ¨ÉlÖPÉÌ ºÀwÛgÀªÁUÀÄwÛzÀAvÉCzÀPÉÌfÃªÀ§AzÀAvÉ ¨sÁ¸ÀªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

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Chapter - 3 : Mending Wall— By Robert Frost

Summary There was a stone wall which separated the speaker’s property from that of his neighbour. According to the

speaker, there are some forces of nature that break down the wall, requiring it to be repaired. The neighbours meet to repair the wall. The narrator asks his neighbour why the wall is needed. There is no livestock which needs to be contained on the property. There were only apple or pine trees, which could not intrude on the other’s property. The neighbour only replied that ‘‘good fences make good neighbours’’. While mending the wall, the narrator tried to convince his neighbour again. He felt that his neighbour was someone who still had a dark age mentality, but no matter what arguments he put forward, his neighbour replied ‘‘Good fences make good neighbours’’.

¸ÁgÁA±À ªÉÄArAUïªÁ¯ï–gÁ§mïð¥sÁæ¸ïÖ

¤gÀÆ¥ÀPÀ£À sÀÆ«ÄªÀÄvÀÄÛCªÀ£À¥ÀPÀÌzÀªÀÄ£É0iÀÄªÀ£ÀeÁUÀzÀªÀÄzsÀåMAzÀÄPÀ°è£ÀUÉÆÃqÉEgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.¤gÀÆ¥ÀPÀ£À

¥ÀæPÁgÀ,¥ÀæPÀÈw0iÀÄPÉ®ªÀÅ±ÀQÛUÀ¼ÀÄDUÉÆÃqÉ0iÀÄ£ÀÄß©Ã½¹ªÉ,CzÀPÉÌFUÀCzÀ£ÀÄß¸ÀjªÀiÁqÀ¨ÉÃPÁVzÉ.

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“M¼Éî¨ÉÃ°UÀ¼ÀÄM¼Éî£ÉgÉºÉÆgÉ0iÀÄªÀgÀ£ÁßVªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛªÉ”JAzÀÄ.UÉÆÃqÉ0iÀÄ£ÀÄß¸ÀjªÀiÁqÀÄªÁUÀ,¤gÀÆ¥ÀPÀ

¥ÀPÀÌzÀªÀÄ£É0iÀÄªÀ£À ªÀÄ£ÀM°¸À®Ä§ºÀ¼ÀªÉ ¥Àæ0iÀÄwß¸ÀÄvÁÛ£É. PÉÆ£ÉUÉ vÀ£Àß ¥ÀPÀÌzÀªÀÄ£É0iÀÄªÀ£À§Ä¢ÞE£ÀÄß

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DVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ“M¼Éî¨ÉÃ°UÀ¼ÀÄM¼Éî£ÉgÉºÉÆgÉ0iÀÄªÀgÀ£ÁßVªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛªÉ”JAzÀÄ.

Chapter - 4 : Buttoo— By Toru Dutt

Summary This poem is a ballad based on the legend of Eklavya, which is found in the Mahabharata. It tells the tale

of how a humble forest youth became a self-taught master archer after he was rejected and humiliated by the great teacher and warrior Dronacharya. Inspite of this Buttoo/Eklavya remains devoted to Dronacharya,


makes a statue of him and practices archery in front of it. He becomes an excellent archer. When he displays his powers to Dronacharya, he asks him for recompense. Butto agrees to give him anything that he wants. Dronacharya asks him for his right thumb as payment, so that Arjuna might eventually become the greatest archer. Buttoo unhesitatingly cuts off his right thumb. Dronacharya is humbled by this act and tells Buttoo that his fame will spread far and wide.

¸ÁgÁA±À §ÄmÉÆÖÃ– vÉÆÃgÀÄ zÀvÀÛ

ªÀÄºÁ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀKPÀ®ªÀå£ÀPÀxÉ0iÀiÁzsÁjvÀªÁzÀMAzÀÄ£ÀÈvÀågÀÆ¥ÀPÀ¥ÀzÀå«zÀÄ.EzÀgÀ°è,PÁr£À°è É¼ÉzÀM§â

0iÀÄÄªÀPÀ,ºÉÃUÉvÁ£ÀÄªÀÄ£ÀzÀ¯ÉèUÀÄgÀÄªÉAzÀÄ£ÀA©zÀªÀÄºÁ£ï±ÀÆgÀzÉÆæÃuÁZÁ0iÀÄðjAzÀwgÀ¸ÀÌj¸À®àlÖ

ªÉÄÃ¯É vÁ£É PÀ°vÀÄ ©®Äè«zÉå ¥Àæ«Ãt£ÁUÀÄvÀÛ£É JAzÀÄ ºÉÃ¼ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. EμÁÖzÀ ªÉÄÃ®Æ §ÄmÉÆÖÃ/KPÀ®ªÀå

zÉÆæÃtgÀ¨sÀPÀÛ£ÁVgÀÄvÁÛ£É,CªÀgÀzÉÆAzÀÄ¥ÀæwªÉÄªÀiÁrCzÀgÀªÀÄÄAzÉ¢£ÀªÀÅ©®Äè«zÉå0iÀÄ£ÀÄßC¨sÁå¸À

ªÀiÁrCzÀgÀ°èCeÉÃ0iÀÄ£ÁUÀÄvÁÛ£É.DzÀgÉCªÀ£ÀÄ zÉÆæÃuÁZÁ0iÀÄðgÀ ªÀÄÄAzÉ vÀ£Àß«zÉå ¥ÀæzÀð²¹zÁUÀ

CªÀgÀÄ §ÄmÉÆÖ¤AzÀ UÀÄgÀÄzÀQëuÉ PÉÃ¼ÀÄvÁÛgÉ. §ÄmÉÆÖÃ CªÀjUÉ K£ÀÄ ¨ÉÃPÁzÀgÀÆ PÉÃ¼ÀÄ J£ÀÄßvÁÛ£É.

CdÄð£À£À£ÀÄßCw±ÉæÃµÀ×©®Äè«zÉå¥Àæ«Ãt£À£ÁßVªÀiÁqÀÄvÉÛÃ£ÉJAzÀÄ¥ÀtvÉÆnÖzÀÝzÉÆæÃuÁZÁ0iÀÄðgÀÄ

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vÀÄA¨ÁzÀÆgÀºÀgÀqÀÄvÀÛzÉJAzÀÄ.

Chapter - 5 : C.L.M.— By John Masefield

Summary In this poem John Masefield expresses his love for his mother. He explains how his mother gave birth to him

and then died. She did not live to see him grow up and live his life. He is filled with grief. Even if his mother has a reincarnation, it would be of no use, as she would not recognize him. He feels guilty as he has not repaid the favour of living upto his mother’s desire. He blames himself for the fact that men consider themselves superior to women and he has not done anything about it. He is concerned about the inequalities between the genders.

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NON-DETAIL

Chapter - 1 : Ulysses and the Cyclops— By Charles Lamb

Summary Ulysses was the son of Laertes, the king of the island of Ithaca in Greece. After the Trojan war, he embarked

on a journey to return home. On his way back, he reached a giant’s cave which was rudely fashioned. The owner was not present in the cave. He and his men stayed there the whole day when suddenly they heard a thundering sound. The owner, a Cyclops had come back after grazing his sheep and goats. The Grecians hid themselves in the remote parts of the cave and started waiting for Polyphemus, a one-eyed Cyclops. The Cyclops entered the cave with all his female sheep and goats and closed the mouth of a cave with a huge stone. Then he started milking his flock of sheep and goats. During this he saw some of Ulysses’ men hiding in the cave. He took hold of two of them, smashed their heads and ate them since he was a cannibal. Then he went to sleep. Ulysses wanted to kill him at that moment but realized that the stone was too huge to be moved by any of his men.

The next day, Polyphemus again went out with his sheep and closed the mouth of the cave with the stone. Ulysses took advantage of this time and made some preparations to tackle the Cyclops. In the evening when Polyphemus came back, he served him wine which he enjoyed. But soon the wine had its effect and the giant reeled on the floor and sank into a deep sleep.

Ulysses was waiting for this time. He, with the help of his four men, blinded the monster with a burning stake. The monster cried loudly. Many of the villagers living nearby came and asked what had happened. The monster replied that Noman (Noman-the false name which Ulysses had told him) had hurt him. All of them went back. Then Ulysses tied all of his men under the sheep and goats. When the monster opened the cave-door next morning to take out his flock, all the Grecians who were tied to them, came out of the cave and were thus saved.

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Letter-Writing

(Formal & Informal Letter)

Introduction : Writing letters to the editor is a great way to engage with a topic you are passionate about and to influence

public opinion. To know how to write a letter to the editor, just follow these steps : 1. Properly write your postal address, e-mail address, phone number or any other contact information. 2. Write a simple salutation. 3. State the argument you are responding to, provide evidence and say what should be done.

4. Have a simple closing.

Format : Sample Letter You are Kavita Khanna, a resident of 50–C, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi. Write a letter to the editor of ‘India

Today‘, magazine about the article on ‘Ban Poly Bags‘ published in the latest edition.

Sender’s Address

Date

Receiver’s Designation and address; Subject

Salutation

Write full name if it is given

50-C, Pushp ViharNew Delhi

26 August 2013

The EditorIndia TodayNew Delhi

Subject : Ban Poly Bags

Sir,I completely agree with the views published in the article ‘Ban Poly Bags’. It is a fact that poly bags are harmful due to their non-biodegradable nature. They don’t decompose instead they choke the drainage system. Most animals eat them and die in the long run. If they are burnt, their obnoxious smell pollutes the atmosphere.I request the people at large in their interest and in the interest of mother earth to wake up to this problem. Everyone should stop using poly bags. Jute bags, paper bags etc. should take their place.Thank you.Yours truly,Kavita Khanna

Value PointsAccuracy

Matter

(3 Composition + 2 Expression) 5 Marks

:

:

3 marks

2 marks

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PROSE Chapter - 1 : A Wrong Man in Worker’s Paradise

Documents

Transcript of PROSE Chapter - 1 : A Wrong Man in Worker’s Paradise