Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications The...

Proprietary and Confidential.Subject to change.

Supersedes all previous communicationsThe information on the roadmap is not a

commitment, promise or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality .

Spirent GEM v3.2 & XGEM v3.0

10/100/1G/10G Ethernet Network & Impairment

Emulators

September 2008

Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —

Mission-critical applications and equipment are delivered across the production network – from distributed applications to storage solutions to VoIP.

When these applications are deployed, upgraded, or relocated, loss of performance or downtime can be costly.

Introduction to Impairment


Today’s Testing Approach

FAILS

The sterile lab environment does not represent a “real world” network environment

How can you have confidence after testing in a sterile lab without “real world” delay and impairment conditions?

How can you predict expected performance levels?

How can you discover problems related to real world conditions before they create costly failures?

Can you afford to take a ‘wait-and-see’ approach to testing?


All networks have varying Impairments and Delay

Impairment Cause

Frame/Packet Loss Noise, Dirty fiber/connector, Congestion (overflow), Protection Switches, Failed Hardware, Human Error, Hard/Software Bugs

Corruption/Errors Noise, Dirt, Congestion, Hard/Software Bugs

Reorder Protection Switches, Changing routing and switch tables, Jitter

Duplication Protection Switches, Hard/Software Bugs

Failures (LOS,LOF) Human Error, Excessive Noise (corruption), Hardware Failure

Delay CauseStatic Delay Propagation (distance), Congestion, Queuing, Processing

Delay Variation Packet Jitter - Congestion, Queuing Algorithms, Processing

Doppler – Dynamic delay due to moving TX and RX devices

Differential – SONET/SDH diversely routed VCAT Networks

“Real-World Networks”


Impairment Sensitive Apps

Real Time Applications IPTV, VoIP, Interactive Gaming

Storage Disaster Recovery, Business Continuity, ILM Planning, Storage Extension, Data Center/ Server Migration

Networked Applications (Throughput / Performance / Error Recovery) Database, Transaction Processing, Distributed Software Applications

Satellite Communications

Converged Networks Next Generation SONET/SDH (VCAT, LCAS, GFP)

TDM over Packet, Timing over Packet (Circuit Emulation, Pseudo Wire)

MPLS, Metro Ethernet

Service Level Agreement (SLA) Characterization

Acceleration (WAN, TCP, Application)

PON (GPON, (G)EPON, BPON)

iWARP (10Gig Ethernet)


Where is Impairment Testing Relevant? Development

Negative Testing

Design or System Verification Testing Validate prior to deployment

Proof of Concept Evaluate and Demonstrate Emerging Technologies

Interoperability Testing Characterize performance prior to deployment

Troubleshooting or Accurate Problem Replication

Solution or Product Definition Define capabilities or min. Service Level Agreements (SLAs)

Cost Benefit Analysis Determine if over or under engineering a solution

Sales / Trade Show Demonstrations


Enable our customers to test Applications, Devices, Protocols, Solutions or Services Under ‘Real World’ Dynamic delay and impairment conditions in the comfort of a lab

With True Line Rate Performance

With fine Precision and high accuracy for maximum repeatability

With an “in-line” testing approach which greatly extends the testing capabilities of end point testers alone

With multi-protocol support (Ethernet, SONET/SDH, FC, OTN, CPRI) from the same system

We put “The World In A Box”

Spirent’s Impairment Mission


Spirent Emulators Enable

Evaluating the performance of Emerging Technologies

Characterizing breaking points of a new service

Validating new Products or Solutions before deployment!

Discovering and Defining minimum required Service Level Agreements (SLAs)


The Value

Accurately and precisely emulate real-world network conditions during testing

Increase the quality of the user experience

Faster time-to-market

Reduce support costs

Minimize troubleshooting and downtime on the production network

Avoid live troubleshooting and downtime

Increase revenue and competitive advantage

Deliver what was promised!




Product OverviewSpirent GEM & XGEM 3.0


Maui Hawaii

Supports speeds up to 2.66Gbps

Up to 4 interface blades

Hot swappable copper/optical SFP modules (optional wavelengths available)

Support for Ethernet, SONET, SDH, OTN, Fiber Channel, CPRI

Fast Ethernet Interface for Remote Control

Supports speeds up to 11.3Gbps

Up to 2 interface blades

Hot swappable copper/optical SFP and XFP modules

Optional wavelengths available

Supports Ethernet, SONET, SDH, OTN, Fiber Channel

Fast Ethernet Interface for Remote Control

Platforms


Blade 2 (East to West)

Front Panel Control

SFP Interfaces Support SONET/SDH, Ethernet, FC, OTN, CPRI

Control viaFast Ethernet

Blade 1 (West to East)

Supported Products: Ethernet 10/100/1GSignal Delay OC-3/12/48Path Delay OC-3/12/48Fiber Channel 2G Signal DelayCPRI Bit Rate Option 1/2/3

Maui Platform


Front Panel Control

SFP InterfacesSONET/SDH, Ethernet, OTN,

CRPI and FC

Control viaFast Ethernet

XFP Interfaces 10GbpsSONET/SDH, Ethernet, OTN, CPRI and FC

Blade 3 (East to West)

Blade 1(West to East)

Supported Products: Ethernet 10/100/1G/10GSignal Delay OC-3/12/48/192Path Delay OC-3/12/48/192Fiber Channel 2/4/8/10G Signal Delay

Hawaii Platform


TCL Support:HTML based GUI:

Front Panel (limited for Advanced Ethernet):

Easy User Control Methods


Simulates 10/100/1000 Ethernet Layer 1 - 7 Line Delay and Impairments

Up to 16 Profiles per interface – each has distinct bandwidth, delay and impairments

Up to 16 Virtual Ports per interface for L3 Routing

Impairments Processed at Full Line Rate

Jumbo frame support - unlimited size frames (reorder and duplication up to 12K for GEM and 15K for XGEM)

True dynamic control of impairments via Remote GUI or Tcl based script

Layer 3 & 4 “aware” (IP or TCP/UDP/RSVP Checksum)

Supports all protocols above layer 2

Real time Statistics, Alarms and Reporting

TCL API or Intuitive Drag & Drop GUI (No Client Software)

Report generation to PDF

Multi-protocol support on the same platform (Fiber Channel, SONET/SDH and Ethernet)

Advanced Ethernet Network Emulation

GEM & XGEM


Video and Voice over IP

Next Generation Routers, Switches and Network Adapters

Networked Application Performance Testing

Verify response time versus delay, bandwidth, packet loss, etc.

Only solution capable of testing high bandwidth applications >50Mbps - Sustained Full Line Rate

“Realistic” network environment

Latency testing

Remote Data Storage Technologies SAN / NAS / iSCSI

Emulate the “real world” effects of Layer 1/2 delay andimpairments on Layer 3 devices and applications

Validate Stress Evaluate

Ethernet Applications


GEM - Overview

16 Network Profiles per Interface (64 total on Maui)

Each with its own distinct delay, bandwidth & impairment profile

Defined by any combination of VLAN tag, MPLS label, MAC or IP address, TCP/UDP port or any other protocol field or data up to 2000 bytes deep within the Ethernet frame

Standard Network Models with TIA-921/G.1050 option

Profiler Playback (Play back delay/drop recorded files)

NEW! Network Playback (Custom Impairment Table)

NEW! Capture / Replay of data

NEW! Accumulate & Burst

GEM Flow Definitions Screen Shot

Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —04/19/23

4 Network Profiles per Interface (8 per 2-Blade HAWAII)

Each with its own distinct delay, bandwidth & impairment profile

Defined by any combination of VLAN tag, MPLS label, MAC or IP address, TCP port or any other protocol field or data up to 2000 bytes deep within the Ethernet frame

XGEM - Overview


XGEM Recent Enhancements

Duplication and Reorder for Jumbo Packets

Tcl API

Save and Restore

IPv6 support

Profile Shaping


GEM - Impairments

Line Bit Errors LOS / LOF Sync Static Delay Jitter Delay (FDV) Frame/Packet Drop (Decimate) Re-order Policing Bandwidth Control (Throttle) Duplication Higher Layer Bit Errors Modification CRC Corruption Accumulate & Burst

Targeted or Random

Precise Distribution

Single or Bursty

Maximum Accuracy


Impairment Types: Drop – frames are dropped based upon a user specified probability

IPTV - Selectively drop MPEG - 4 I, P or B packets

CRC Corruption – the Ethernet CRC of frames is corrupted based on user-specified probability

Jitter – Ethernet frames are variably delayed around the line or network flow delay based upon a user defined probability and the following:

Max Delay – maximum value of delay

Min Delay – minimum value of delay

Max Positive D - the maximum positive change of delay

Max Negative D - the maximum negative change of delay

Reorder – up to 256 Ethernet frames can be reordered

Duplication – up to 15 Ethernet duplicate frames can be created

Data Corruption – any burst of bytes (up to 2000) within the Ethernet frame may be corrupted based upon a user specified offset from the start of the Ethernet frame and a user-defined error rate (1E-12 to 1E-2).

Modification – any burst of bytes (< 2000) may be modified on user-specified offset.

New! Accumulate and Burst – specify a number of packets to ‘accumulate’ in a buffer before being ‘burst’ out of the emulator creating ‘bursty’ traffic

Advanced Ethernet Impairments


Support for Targeted or Random Impairments Targeted Impairments defined by any combination of

VLAN tag MPLS label MAC or IP Source/Destination addresses TCP or UDP Source/Destination port numbers IP ToS DiffServ any other field in the Ethernet, IP, TCP, UDP or RTP header any other information up to 2,000 bytes deep within the Ethernet frame

Random Impairments are based upon any of the following distributions: Periodic Poisson Gaussian Uniform

NEW! Custom Distributions - created with GEM Network Playback

Advanced Ethernet Impairments


Architecture

• Hardware based – high precision, accuracy and full Layer 1 impairment emulation

• Flexible FPGA design – protects investment

• Easy to upgrade with new features – extensive roadmap

Performance

• High precision instrument with fine resolution control over delay function

• Full 1GbE/10GbE line-rate support all the time (even at 64 byte frame size)

• Chain multiple impairments at same time (corruption, jitter, duplication, reorder, drop, modification, errors)

Spirent GEM / XGEM Key Features


GEM – Network Profiles

Emulate Multiple Network Profiles

Network Profile #

Defined Per Network Profile: • Delay• Policing (Bandwidth Control)• Impairments• Modification

DelayBuffer

DelayBuffer

DelayBuffer

DelayBuffer

DelayBuffer

DelayBuffer

0 1 2 13 14 15

Classifier (Network Profile Definitions)

Scheduler

x.x.x.x192.168.40.2

192.168.40.3

All non classified traffic

100s or 1000sof incoming Flows (up to true line rate)


GEM Bandwidth Profile

Based on Metro Ethernet Forum Bandwidth Profiles

GEM allows for the configuration of the:

Committed Information Rate (CIR)

Committed Burst Size (CBS)

Excess Information Rate (EIR)

Excess Burst Size (EBS)

Supports Service Frame Colors

Green – conforms to Committed Rate

Yellow – conforms to Excess Rate

Red – does NOT conform to Committed or Excess Rate

Network Profile 16

Network Profile 2

Network Profile 1

…

New tokenAdded at a rate of CIR/8

times/second

New tokenAdded at a rate of EIR/8

times/second

< or = CBS

< or = EBS

> EBS

> CBS

Network Profile 16

Network Profile 2

…

Network Profile 1


TIA-921 / ITU-T G.1050 Module

Provides 1064 statistically based network models

Models developed using actual production network conditions provided anonymously from leading service providers around the world.

Evaluate multimedia applications under real-world conditions prior to deployment


Statistically based Time Varying IP Network Impairments

For evaluation of Multimedia Transmission

Impairments include:

Delay, Jitter, Packet Loss, Out-of-Order packets, Route Flapping

DUTs include:

IP Phones, POTS over IP, Media Gateways, MGC

User Agents, Call Agents, Media Servers

Video, Gatekeeper App, Servers,

Edge Routers, Modems, Fax

Standard Based Network ModelsTIA-921 and ITU-T G.1050


IP CoreNetwork LAN BLAN A

DUT A DUT B

LocalAccess A

LocalAccess B

1000BaseX

100BaseT Switch

100BaseT Hub

10BaseT

WLAN (~4Mbps)

-----------------

Occupancy level

Packet loss

64kbps

128kbps

256kbps

384kbps

512kbps

768kbps

T1/E1

T3/E3

ADSL

Cable

Fiber

----------------

Occupancy

level

QoS Edge

Router

Route flapping

One-way delay

Jitter

Packet loss

Packet Reorder

64kbps

128kbps

256kbps

384kbps

512kbps

768kbps

T1/E1

T3/E3

ADSL

Cable

Fiber

----------------

Occupancy

level

QoS Edge

Router

1000BaseX

100BaseT Switch

100BaseT Hub

10BaseT

WLAN (~4Mbps)

-----------------

Occupancy level

Packet loss

Standard Based Network ModelsTIA-921 and ITU-T G.1050


Each Impairment Condition has a Likelihood of Occurrence (LOO)

Based on real IP Network Statistics

Based on Network Architecture

Based on Classes of Service

Definitive set of test conditions

1064 Impairment Combinations

Tests may be automatically ran

Typically 2 min per Impairment Condition

Approximately 1.5 days to run complete set of tests

Impairment Condition may be correlated with appropriate quality measurement

Voice Quality Metric (MOS, PESQ, PSQM, R-Factor)

Video Quality Metric

TIA-921 and ITU-T G.1050Conditions based on SLAs


TIA-921 / ITU-T G.1050 EnhancementsEnhancements include:

Ability to loop through a set of test cases ‘n’ times or forever

New model parameters: Packet Size and Interval

Optionally enforce bandwidth limits (not required in model) – previously bandwidth not controlled

Added support for G.1050 Intercontinental delays – user can select regional (TIA-921/G.1050) or intercontinental (G.1050) delay model

Now provide user control over the model random number seed – gives user the ability to perform the exact same test again by specifying the same seed value

Additional test parameters shown in GUI

Ability to individually disable portions of model (LAN A, Access A, Core, Access B, LAN B)


04/19/23

The optional IPTV feature on GEM can be used to characterize video performance under specific impairments

Correlate mean quality scores with specific impairment conditions

Target drop MPEG 2 (H.262) and MPEG 4 (H.264) I, P or B frames

Video Impairments – IPTV Option


Controls

Select a MPEG 2/4 “I”, “P”, “B” packet for possible drop

Choose the number of times to trigger a selection

1-15, infinite

Choose drop probability for selected packets

Rate plus Distribution (Poisson, Periodic, Gaussian, Uniform)

Choose Selection Offset

Allows user to trigger off an “I” frame but select an Ethernet packet ‘x’ packets away

Video Impairments – IPTV Option


Searches for a user defined pattern throughout an entire TCP/UDP payload and triggers an impairment event

Up to 8 strings each up to 8 bytes in length defined per Network Profile

String searches are logically OR’d together

Byte level wildcards available, “*”

When a match is found, the packet is subjected to a specified impairment

Trigger event can be limited to specified number of times (e.g., 1, 2, 3 … or infinite)

TCP/UDPPayload

Ethernet Header

Checksum

String Search

IP Header

TCP/UDP

Header

Dynamic Search Filter (DSF)


Applications for Dynamic Search Filter

Video

The optional DSF feature on GEM can be used to characterize video performance under specific impairments

Target a specific MPEG I, B or P frame for impairment

TCP Acceleration

The optional DSF feature on GEM can be used to characterize new TCP implementations for acceleration performance

Target a specific TCP packet with specific FTP data string and drop the packet

Specify the trigger to occur only once to prevent TCP session from closing


Record live network conditions to be imported into a GEM emulator

Recreate those same delay and impairment conditions in the lab

Reduce risk by confidently testing under the most relevant scenarios!

Validate performance and prevent failure before an expensive roll-out

Test your applications and services under the same conditions existing on your production network!

ProductionWAN

Server

Delay, JitterPacket Loss

Client

Spirent Profiler Playback


Setup Stand-alone Profiler application on network client

Capture delay and packet loss between the Profiler application and multiple user defined target machines using ICMPs

Take the Profiler logs back to lab to be loaded into GEM emulator for Playback

Test your applications or services under current network conditions and prevent embarrassing failure!

WAN

www.abc.com

Remote Site

Server BProfiler Targets

Server Awww.abc.com

Server CProfiler Targets

Server Awww.abc.com

New Remote Site

Server A

Main Office

Profiler TargetsServer BServer C

www.abc.com

Spirent Profiler Playback – How It Works


Record network delay and loss characteristics for over 30 days between Profiler application and 50+ user defined Targets

Define Targets by IP address or URL

Configure ICMP packet length (64-1518)

Configure DSCP field (0-255)

Set ICMP interval down to 100ms

Stand-alone Profiler application supported on Windows or Linux platform

Start sessions manually or automatically by scheduling date/time and duration

View delay and impairment graphs real time or for post analysis

Spirent Profiler Playback- Details


Upload Profiler logs to GEM and playback the captured impairments – one log per GEM Network Profile

Options

Playback delay values as measured by the Spirent Profiler or increase delay values during playback by a user defined factor for performance testing

Repeat log files for longer playback sessions

Ignore packet drop (packet drop values in log are ignored)

Assign to Network Profile in opposite direction for bi-directional support

Spirent Profiler Playback


04/19/23

Allows users to connect devices to Spirent GEM of the same or different subnets

Each Physical Interface is assigned a unique MAC

Each Physical Interface can have up to 16 Virtual Interfaces – 16 different IP Subnets

Supports IPv4

2 Physical Interfaces

With standard GEM:

Devices connected to Spirent Emulator must be on same subnet

Managed Switch/Router required when connecting multiple devices on different subnets

Spirent GEM interfaces do not have MAC or IP address’ to configure

Client2

Server2Client3

Client1

Emulated Network

Server1

Client2Client2

Server2Server2Client3Client3

Client1Client1

Emulated Network

Server1Server1

GEM Router Mode


04/19/23

Bi-directional10/100/1000M

Ethernet

Emulated Network2 physical interfaces

Connect two devices on multiple subnets without external router/switch

192.168.40.1255.255.255.0

77.0.0.1255.255.255.0

GEM Router Mode – Use Case 1

Client 1192.168.40.101255.255.255.0Gateway = 192.168.40.1

Server 177.0.0.2

255.255.255.0Gateway = 77.0.0.1


04/19/23 41

Production Network3 Remote Offices and a Data Center

Link speeds from 1.544Mbps to 622Mbps

Various applications running including VoIP, Oracle, Web, Video Conferencing

Remote OfficeNew York

Remote OfficeAustin Texas

Remote OfficeLondon

Data CenterConnecticut

WAN

T1

2Mbps DSLOC-3 / STM-1

155Mbps

OC-48 / STM-16622Mbps

150 users

600 users 1000

users

GEM Router Mode – Use Case 2


04/19/23

Server 277.0.0.3

Gateway = 77.0.0.1

Server 177.0.0.2

Gateway = 77.0.0.1

New York192.168.60.101

Gateway = 192.168.60.1

Austin192.168.50.101Gateway = 192.168.50.1

3 Virtual Ports1 Physical Port

192.168.40.1192.168.50.1192.168.60.1

1 Virtual Port77.0.0.1

GEM’s Gateway 77.0.0.4

Bi-directional10/100/1000M Ethernet

Unmanaged Switch

Unmanaged Switch


Dynamically configure test bed without moving equipment!

Use unmanaged switch to connect more than 2 devices to 2-port Spirent GEM

Total throughput up to 1000Mbps regardless of packet size

Traffic (client to client or client to server) will be routed through Spirent prior to arrival at destination

GEM’s Gateway allows connection to remote subnets (e.g., internet)

GEM Router Mode – Use Case 2 (cont’d)

London192.168.40.101

Gateway = 192.168.40.1

Router77.0.0.4

Gateway = 77.0.0.4Internet

orremote subnets


04/19/23

Utilizing ‘Network Profiles’ users can: Have different bandwidth/delay/impairment conditions for a link

For example Client 1 Server 1 can have 90ms of delay over 156kbps bandwidth

Client 1 Client 2 can have 15ms of delay over 52Mbps bandwidth

Client 1 Server 2 can have 280ms over 64kbps bandwidth

Logically reconfigure ‘Emulated Network’ dynamically – no need to move physical nodes HTML GUI or Tcl Script

GEM Router Mode – Use Case 2 (cont’d)


192.168.40.1192.168.50.1192.168.60.1


Unmanaged SwitchUnmanaged Switch



192.168.40.1192.168.50.1192.168.60.1


Unmanaged SwitchUnmanaged Switch


Server 277.0.0.3

Server 177.0.0.2

Client 3192.168.60.101

Client 2192.168.50.101

Client 1192.168.40.101

Router77.0.0.4

Gateway = 77.0.0.4Internet

orremote subnets


04/19/23

Static Layer 3 IPv4 routing

IPv6 routing is not supported

Does not participate in dynamic routing protocols – RIP, IS-IS, OSPF, etc.

Only routes between IP subnets directly connected to Spirent GEM (no routers between subnet and GEM)

GEM Default Gateway forwards all ‘other’ packets to one selected port

Does not support Multicast

Not supported on 4 blade Maui system

GEM Router Mode – Notes


Produce professional reports based on statistics from GEM Emulator

Bandwidth, Delay, Packet Loss Stats for all Network Profiles

Present to management in PDF Format for post analysis

GEM Reporter


04/19/23

Easily define the network topology, devices and traffic flows directly from the GUI.

Drag & Drop Configurator


What’s NEW with GEM?

Capture/ Replay (Option)

Capture live network traffic or streams and play them back on your emulator

Network Playback (Option)

Custom Network Impairment Table

Accumulate & Burst

Allows users to specify a number of packets to ‘accumulate’ in a buffer before being ‘burst’ out of the emulator - creating ‘bursty’ traffic from a smooth input stream.

TIA-921 Enhancements

Loop tests, support for new model parameters such as Packet Size and Interval, support for Intercontinental Delay, control over the random number seed …

Router Mode Enhancements

support on the Hawaii 10G blades, statistics per virtual port, greater VLAN support, the ability to clear the ARP cache, and more.


What’s NEW with GEM? (cont’d)

Advanced Protocol Filter Suite

Custom Filter Library

MEF-18 Test Suite (Option)

IPTV over IPv6 support


Available as an option to GEM loads on Hawaii Blades

Capture up to 1G Byte/sec at full line rate using filters or triggers.

Replay this or other pre-captured traffic on the GEM and apply impairments.

Capture and/or Replay can occur before or after impairments are applied.

New!! Capture Replay

Capture live traffic for analysis and replay the same traffic with varying throughput and impairment conditions for performance testing!


Troubleshoot network or application performance issues using trigger conditions

Analyze network / application layer protocol behavior in both directions to debug application/network issues

Example: Look at how TCP data is getting ACKed back from the server, or look at how much time certain application transaction is taking by looking at data in both directions

Isolate top talkers / applications using network bandwidth

SystemUnder Test

SystemUnder Test

Capture – DownloadReplay - Upload

PCAP file

New!! Capture Replay (cont’d)

thru traffic withbackground

Capture all or part of incoming traffic


Capture data inline at up to true Line Rate in both directions

Use extensive filtering (Layer 2 - Layer 7) capability for focused capture

Capture traffic for multiple Network Profiles simultaneously

Download captured data for analysis (PCAP file format)

Deep Capture Buffer - Capture up to 890Mbytes of traffic

Better utilize capture buffer with filtered capture or use Packet slicing ability to capture only packet header bytes

Capture before and / or after emulator introduces impairments

Trigger capture on incoming errors or when emulator generates impairment

Captured packets include precise hardware based time-stamps with 16ns accuracy



Upload previously captured files to be replayed by GEM (PCAP) at up to true line rate

PCAP files can be modified prior to upload

Precisely replay traffic at captured rate or user defined rate

Replay as background traffic along with through traffic

Replay with or without impairments (including modification)

Replay multiple captured files simultaneously with multiple Network Profiles

Replay file single time or ‘n’ times or forever

SystemUnder Test

SystemUnder Test

Replay - UploadPCAP file


SystemUnder Test

Replay - UploadPCAP file


Use to generate non-stateful traffic Use to create background traffic



NEW! Spirent “Network Playback”

Gives “Profiler Playback” PLUS:

Import and Playback custom network scenarios with user defined Impairment Tables

Control: delay, drop, reorder, duplication, CRC error, corruption

Table provides Packet to Packet control – each packet assigned to a table entry

Also per ‘n’ packets or ‘n’ ms time

Truly Dynamic control with industry leading Precision and Repeatability

Extremely large tables supported for slow frequency events

Playback control provided for each individual GEM Network Profile

Works with other GEM features such as bandwidth control

SystemUnder Test

SystemUnder Test

Lab Test Bed

Number, Delay, Drop1, 101.0, 02, 102.5, 13, 93.7, 04, 95.6, 05, 112.0, 06, 109.4, 07, 98.4, 08, 118.8, 09, 110.3, 010, 96.4, 0

Custom Impairment Table


New!! Network Playback Applications Test new technologies, protocols or applications with virtually limitless control for:

Any dynamic or “bursty” network scenario

Exteremely high or even very low (sub-Herz) frequency delay change and impairment events

Custom statistical impairment distributions

Open format supporting any network impairment model

Stress Timing over Packet (PTP, NTP, RTP) clock recovery algorithms with maximum precision of delay variation – per packet delay control


New!! Network Playback Details

Playback Table once or repeat 2 to 255 times or forever

Control playback of impairment table entries:

Packet to Packet or every “n” packets with “n” = 2 to 65535

“n” ms of time where “n” = 125ns to 475sec

Playback delay values as defined in the table or increase/decrease values by a user defined factor (e.g. 2x or 5x)

Other GEM impairment controls can be used simultaneously

i.e., Modification, Bandwidth Control

Choice of source for impairment: table or GEM GUI (ignore drop from table)

Custom Impairment Tables can be individually uploaded and controlled for each GEM Network Profile (1-16)

Bi-directional and Uni-directional emulation provided

Playback progress provided – repeat count and % complete

Note: Simultaneous operation with TIA-921/ITU-T G.1050 test suites or Capture/Replay feature not currently supported

Number, Delay, Drop1, 101.0, 02, 102.5, 13, 93.7, 04, 95.6, 05, 112.0, 06, 109.4, 07, 98.4, 08, 118.8, 09, 110.3, 010, 96.4, 0

Example Table


New!! Accumulate and Burst

This standard GEM feature allows a user to specify a number of packets to ‘accumulate’ in a buffer before being ‘burst’ out of the emulator creating ‘bursty’ traffic from a smooth input stream.

Accumulate and Burst emulates congested networks and allows the user to stress a device under test by exercising its buffers with line rate bursts of packets. It helps determine how well a device can handle incoming bursty traffic.


New!! Accumulate and Burst (cont’d)

Example:

A packet burst value of 3 packets (Accumulation Mode = N Packets Only).

A Minimum InterBurst Gap Value of 1 millisecond.

The “Incoming Packets” time line shows that 200us were required to accumulate 3 packets (ABC). The “Outgoing Packets” time line shows the 3 packets being burst (ABC) after 200us and then a 1ms gap (1000 us)

before the next three packets are burst (DEF) at 1200us. Then the next outgoing packet burst occurs (GHI) 1 ms later (2200 us from when the first packet arrived).


New!! Accumulate and Burst (cont’d)

Accumulate and Burst has four parameters:

Accumulation Mode

N Packets Only: Accumulate packets until the buffer queue has “N” packets (specify numeric value) before bursting out packets.

Timeout Only: Accumulate packets for a user specified "Timeout" (specify numeric value) before bursting out packets.

N Packets Or Timeout: Accumulate packets until the buffer queue has N packets or the timeout has expired. When either condition is met packets will be burst

N Packets And Timeout: Accumulate packets until the buffer queue has N packets and the timeout has expired. Both conditions must be me before packets are burst.

Minimum InterBurst Gap

Specifies the minimum gap between packet bursts

Burst Size

Specifies the number of packets to accumulate before bursting

Timeout

Specifies the amount of time packets will accumulate before bursting


Show Response Time versus DelayImport GEM Emulator Stats

New!! Correlated App Performance and Emulation Stats

Import Stats into HP’s Loadrunner or Radview’s Report Manager

Create custom charts

Time correlated results provide meaningful information

How much delay can the application tolerate while still meeting SLO?

How much bandwidth is required to meet SLO?

How robust is the application in presence of jitter, packet loss or errors?

HP LoadRunner is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.WebLoad is a trademark of Radview Software Ltd.


Log GEM statistics directly to Windows Performance Monitoring format (Perfmon)

New!! Correlated App Performance and Emulation Stats


New!! Advanced Protocol Filter Suite Based on Custom Filter Library feature

Today’s Filter Suite includes MPLS, PPPoE, IP, OSPF, PTP, FCoE and RSVP and is growing

Completely customizable to suite your needs!

Share your filter libraries With Spirent for everyone’s mutual benefit


New!! Custom Filter Library

Adds custom protocol filters to GEM classifier page

Open text based file format allows sharing of filters with colleagues

Extends GEM beyond standard set of predefined filters

MAC/IP address, VLAN/MPLS, TCP/UDP ports

Makes it easier to classify traffic with proprietary or any other protocols

Example Custom Filters: FCoE, PPPoE and PTPv2


New!! Custom Filter Library – .AFL fileExample filter library with FC over Ethernet:

# Example filter library containing one custom filter definition

# FCoE has Ethertype of 0x8906

FCoE (non-tagged) {

FCoE Version (4bit): L3@0[7:4] format(DEC)

FC R_CTL: L3@14 format(HEX)

FC Dest Addr: L3@15-17 format(HEX)

FC CS_CTL: L3@18 format(HEX)

FC Src Addr: L3@19-21 format(HEX)

}

Above example results in the following filter template in GEM GUI

GEM Classifier Page with Custom FCoE Filter


Circuit Emulation and Timing over Packet

Testing


Testing CES and ToP Solutions

Verify conformance to ITU-T G.8261, MEF-18 and other emerging standards

Characterize clock recovery performance across a packet based network

Validate TDM services are delivered across packet networks with the required jitter and wander performance (per ITU-T G.823 and G.824)

Verify packet-loss-concealment algorithms by introducing packet loss and re-order

Validate the performance of protection fail-over features

Verify accuracy of performance metrics reporting and status/alarm indicators


Replace your ITU-T G.8261 Test Bed

G.8261 Appendix VI describes test bed for CES testing however:

Not repeatable across labs and organizations

Fundamental characteristics are left unspecified

E.g.: background traffic greatly affects results yet not sufficiently defined

Complex to setup and maintain – Error Prone

Easy to make configuration errors which significantly compromise results unknowingly to users

Costly – switches, multiple background traffic generators, labor

Spirent emulators are repeatable, accurate, customizable, easier to setup, less costly!

Get more realistic testing done!


Spirent GEM emulator provides highest precision, accuracy and repeatability

Completely customizable PDV scenarios with Network Playback feature (per packet control; MEF-18 test suites)

Circuit Emulation (TDM over Packet) testing

TDM Jitter/WanderAnalyzer

CES IWFUnder Test

CES IWFUnder Test

Emulated NetworkITU-T G.8261, MEF-18 or Custom scenarios

Precise, Dynamic, Customizable and Repeatable Delay and Impairments

~External Timing Source

TDMSource

TDMCES CES

Symmetricom TimeMonitor Analyzer

PDV, TIE, MTIE, TDEV, MinTDEV

ITU-T G.823 and G.824masks


New!! MEF-18 Test Suite

Test specification based on ITU-T G.8261 from Metro Ethernet Forum

Verifies transport of TDM services such as DS1, E1, DS3 and E3 over a Carrier Ethernet network (CES, SAToP) with required min output wander

Covers Section 6 “Synchronization” of MEF-18

Test cases 6.1 – 6.8

Calls for network emulator replacing the test bed defined in G.8261 Appendix VI in order to create Packet Delay Variation (PDV).


New!! MEF-18 Test Suite (cont’d)

Provides repeatable testing against industry based test plans prior to formal certification testing

Based on GEM Network Playback feature providing highest possible accuracy and is completely customizable

Also test Timing over Packet (ToP) solutions such as PTP or IEEE 1588


Timing over Packet Testing

Master ClockUnder Test

Slave Clock Under Test

Emulated NetworkITU-T G.8261, MEF-18 or Custom scenarios

Precise, Dynamic, Customizable and Repeatable Delay and Impairments

~External Timing Source

RecoveredClockPTP/NTP PTP/NTP

Counter

MTIE, TDEVSymmetricom

TimeMonitor Analyzer

PDV, TIE, MTIE, TDEV, MinTDEV

PRS

GEM emulator provides highest precision, accuracy and repeatability

Ideal for testing timing over packet solutions such as PTP (IEEE 1588)

Completely customizable PDV scenarios with Network Playback feature (per packet or time based control; scenario suites available)!

Pathological timing scenarios

Custom statistical distributions (long tail) and Low frequency content (diurnal variation)


New!! Other Enhancements

IPTV over IPv6

Drop down list of applications and their common UDP/TCP destination port number. One click to filter all SIP or RTP or HTTP traffic into a specific Network Profile.

Improved interface for custom offsets in the classifier – used for filtering off protocol data not provided in a predefined filter. Choose to filter off an offset from layer 2 or 3.

Direct control of the classifier and Network Profile impairments within the Drag and Drop GUI

Profile Stats labels have been changed to more clearly indicate RX and TX flow


FCoE Testing with GEM and XGEM


FCoE - Fibre Channel over Ethernet

Native FC frames over IEEE Ethernet – no IP, TCP/UDP

Replacing only the lower layer with Ethernet through use of Converged Network Adapters - has own Ethertype – 0x8906

Simplifies integration of existing FC and Ethernet fabrics

One FC frame One Ethernet frame

FC lossless mechanism replaced with Ethernet 802.3x Pause

Enables Converging Data and Storage Networks

Reduces costs through common infrastructure, management and services

Leverages economy of scale of Ethernet

Simplifies Data Center infrastructure

Managing FC fabric does not change

Requirements

Jumbo ~2.5KBytes (2112 byte FC payload)

Lossless Ethernet Network 802.3X PAUSE

Known and Enforced transit time

FC-2 Framing

FC-1 Data encode/decode

FC-0 Physical

FC-3 Services

FC-4 Protocol Mapping

FC-2 Framing

MAC

Physical

FC-3 Services

FC-4 Protocol Mapping

FCoE

IEEE 802.3Ethernet

FCoE standardization process – 2008


Testing FCoE

Validate the Lossless delivery of FCoE

How does converged traffic affect FC throughput and vice versa?

How does the whole system respond? (HBA, FCoE switch, Applications)

Characterize performance and throughput of FC given set of Ethernet network conditions

Validate robustness of system in presence of inevitable network impairments

Verify QoS enforcement in the presence of Congestion

Protocol Testing

Target specific FCoE or FIP frames or fields for impairment

Corrupt or Modify MAC addresses to stress addressing scheme (SPMA or FPMA)

Analyze bidirectional responses to corrupted or dropped packets

Test proper enforcement of FC lifetime requirements

Interoperability testing under realistic conditions

Ensure IP and FCoE worlds “play nice” (i.e., FC lifetime requirements are not enforced on IP traffic)

Standard 10Gig Ethernet testing


Spirent FCoE Network Impairment Emulation

1GigE (GEM) and 10GigE (XGEM) Gigabit Ethernet Network Emulation

Impairments

Drop, Corruption, Link Failure, Modification, Reorder, Duplication, Delay, Jitter, Traffic Burst

MAC layer PAUSE frame control

10Gig min IPG control

Classified Statistics per application type

Dynamically change bandwidth (throttle) simulating congestion

Programmable Filter Library – support for all protocols above layer 2 (proprietary and future)

Support for Jumbo frames needed for FC frame size and beyond

Capture / Replay

Line rate capture

Bidirectional time correlated capture files

Triggered or Filtered capture

Timeout – Delay

Supports VLAN tagging


Precision and Accuracy (i.e., over delay)

Dynamically changing impairments over duration of test without data loss

High bandwidth or Full Line Rate support

10GbE, 10G FC or OC-192 support today

Chain multiple impairments and delay simultaneously during a test

Multi-protocol support - Ethernet, Fiber Channel, SONET/SDH, CPRI

Protection of investment with a flexible architecture and extensive roadmap

Testing per TIA-921 / ITU G.1050 Network Impairment Models

IPTV – Targeted MPEG2/4 packet impairments

Line rate Capture and Replay of incoming traffic

Jumbo Frame Support

Spirent GEM/XGEM Advantages


Industry’s most Precise and Repeatable emulator platform

Always provides 100% Line Rate Processing up to 11.3Gbps

Controlled by easy to use GUI, TCL API and/or front panel access

Standard Network Models - TIA-921/ITU-T G.1050

Dynamic Control over Delay and Impairments incl. selectively dropping MPEG4 I/P/B packets

Real Time Statistics and Alarm Monitoring

Layer 3 routing supporting automated configuration of test bed

Flexible FPGA based architecture protects investment

Comprehensive Layer 1 through Layer 7 Impairments

Only Integrated Multi-Protocol Emulator -Ethernet, SONET/SDH, Fiber Channel, OTN, CPRI

Router Mode for connecting devices to Spirent GEM from the same or different subnets

Profiler for accurate capture and replay of production net. characteristics and “real world” results

Summary




Product Info


Configuration

1. Chassis - AS-CKL-2U (Bi-Directional Chassis supporting up to 4 blades - M1 or H10*

2. Blades (supports all Emulator Loads with same hardware interface)

1. AS-M1 (a.k.a. Maui - provides network emulation up to 2.6Gbps)

2. AS-H10 (a.k.a. Hawaii - provides network emulation up to 11.3Gbps)Note: Maui only support SFPs. Hawaii supports both.

Note: You cannot mix and match blades in the same chassis

3. Interface Modules*

1. SFPs (MM850, SM1310, MM1310, SM1490, SM1550, CGI (10/100/1000Base-T Copper), ….)

2. XFPs (XMM850, XSM1310, XSM1550, CX4, ….)

4. Emulator Loads (includes software, firmware and GUI)

1. AS-GEM (10/100/1000 Ethernet Emulator – up to 64 network profiles* per chassis)

2. AS-XGEM (Multi profile 10Gig Ethernet Emulator – up to 8 network profiles per chassis)

3. AS-GE, AS-GE10L, AS-GE10LFD, AS-GE10LFO (1/10GigE LAN or WAN PHY Signal Delay)NOTE: A Network Profile is a filter to identify a specific location or application type in order to apply:


5. Options

• AS-DX2 Delay Doubler (non-PD and XGEM systems)

• AS-DSX Delay SuperExtender (GEM only)

• AS-TIA921 – TIA-921/ITU-T G.1050 (GEM only)

• AS-DSF – Dynamic Search Filter (GEM only)

• AS-IPTV – IPTV Impairments (GEM only)

• AS-VPE16 – 16 Virtual Ports per physical interface (GEM only)

• AS-PROPLAY – Profiler Replay (GEM only)

• AS-CAPPLAY – Capture Replay (GEM/XGEM - requires Hawaii 10G blades)

• AS-NETPLAY – Network Playback (GEM Only)

Configuration (cont’d)

1 Year Standard HW Warranty1 Year Standard Software Maintenance


DUT DUTTX

RX

TX

RX Spirent

Emulator

TX/RX

TX/RX

Blade 3

Blade 4

SFP with Copper RJ45 or Optical LC

Connectors

DUT DUTTX

RX

TX

RX Spirent

Emulator

TX/RX

TX/RX

Blade 1

Blade 2

SFP


Connectors


Connectors


Connectors

Copper or Optical

“Coupled” Interface Connection


DUT DUTTX

RX

TX

RXSpirent

EmulatorTX

RX TX

RX

Blade 3

Blade 4

LCConnectors

LCConnectors

DUT DUTTX

RX

TX

RXSpirent

EmulatorTX

RX TX

RX

Blade 1

Blade 2

LCConnectors

LCConnectors

Optical

SFPFiber Kits Provided

“Uncoupled” Interface Connection


DUT DUTTX

RX

TX

RXSpirent

EmulatorTX

RX TX

RX

Bottom Blade

Top Blade

LCConnectors

LCConnectors

DUT DUTTX

RX

TX

RX Spirent

Emulator

TX/RX

TX/RX

Bottom Blade

Top Blade

Optical LC, Copper RJ45 or CX4

Connectors

Optical LC,Copper RJ45 or CX4

Connectors

Copper or Optical “Coupled” GEM or XGEM

Optical – “Uncoupled”

Hawaii Platform Interface Connection




Thank You


Sample CustomersNETWORK

EQUIPMENTPROVIDERS

GOVERNMENT

INSTITUTIONS

STORAGE WIRELESSMOBILE

ENTERPRISE

IC MAKERSSYSTEM INTEGRATOR

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