Proposed U.S. Federal Organic Waste Diversion Plan...Food, yard, wood, and paper waste constitute...
Transcript of Proposed U.S. Federal Organic Waste Diversion Plan...Food, yard, wood, and paper waste constitute...
Proposed U.S. Federal Organic Waste Diversion PlanCALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY
Antonio Lippa, Project ManagerJenny Liu, Policy Expert Joshua Schipper, Senior Engineer Tim Dinh, Environmental SpecialistZsofia Larson, Government Affairs
Introduction
Nine Tipping Points [1]
Melting○ Greenland Ice Sheet○ Permafrost Loss○ West Antarctic Ice SheetBiome Shift○ Amazon Rainforest○ Boreal Forest○ Coral ReefCirculation Change○ AMOC Disruption○ West African Monsoon○ Indian Monsoon
[2]
Introduction
54%
Methane emissions in CA from livestock generated by farms [4]
AGRICULTURE
FARMS
16%
Only 16% of available biowaste used in compost [5]
INDUSTRY
BIOSOLIDS
40-50%
Up to 50% is still edible and costs $1,800 annually per person [3]
FOOD WASTE
CONSUMER
10%
Around $15 billion annually lost in waste fruit and vegetables [3]
SUPERMARKET
CA SB 1383: Reducing Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
[6]
CA AB 32: Reducing GHG Emissions
2008Initial Scoping Plan, Mandatory Reporting Regulations
2010Early Action Measures
2013Cap-and-Trade Program
2014Scoping Plan Update
202015% Below 1990 Emission Levels
203040% Below 1990 Emission
Levels
20182020 Goal Reached
[7]
Phases of Implementation
2020
PHASE 1:Education and Infrastructure
2025
PHASE 2:50% Diversion
2030
PHASE 3:75% Diversion
[8]
[9]
[10]
Government Structure
LOCALFEDERAL
● EPA sets national goals and monitors progress of states
● Require states to adopt organic waste plan
STATE
● Sets goals and monitors progress
● Set up regional coalitions
● Require businesses and local governments to develop organic waste plan
Grants for research, business incentives, and public outreach
FEDERAL & STATE
● Management plan specific to region
● Local infrastructure
● Food donation partnerships with NGOs
● Public education and outreach
Municipal Strategies
Volume-based Rate Structure
Compost operations employ 2x more people than landfills and 4x more people than incinerators [12]
Landfill BanFood, yard, wood, and paper waste constitute 60% of municipal solid waste [11]
Community ScaleNo collection costs and reduced transportation costs
Partnerships
Utilized by top 3 cities with highest diversion rates (San Jose, San Francisco, and Seattle) [13]
Industrial Strategies
ENCOURAGEESTABLISHEXPAND
Federal adoption of CA
AB 1826 for commercial
organic waste
Green business networks to incentivize compliance
Surplus food donation from farms, grocery
stores, and restaurants
[14]
Agriculture Strategies
Organic Waste
Agricultural Practices, Municipal / Business
Input
Low Emission Manure
Management Plan
Compost Sales
Compost Application
Animal Feed
Biogas
Cost Reduction
Sales
Landfill
Operations
SUGGESTED STRATEGIES [15]
● Commercial Farms: Anaerobic digestion and solid-liquid separation
● Intermediate Farms: Composting, anaerobic digestion
● Rural-Residential: Composting
Outreach and Education
Source Reduction
NutritionFood Label
Upscaling
Food DonationLocationsPartnershipsAcceptable Items
DiversionCompost
Waste SeparationBiogas
Decontamination Recycling
IncentivesPartnerships
Social media/apps
STRATEGIES
Education
Videos, webinars
Waste reduction challenges
Technologies and End Markets
Anaerobic Digestion
DonationContaminated
Waste
Animal Feed
Composting Facilities
Organic waste converted into
some biogas and also nutrient rich
leachate
Organic waste converted into nutrient-rich
compost
Excess food that is still useable as
food can be donated to
shelters
Excess food that is unusable to
humans can be used as feedUnprocessable waste
will remain enroute to landfill
Technologies and End Markets
$100$60$55
$55/ton[19]
Landfilling
$40-160/ton [16] [17]
Anaerobic Digestion
$40-80/ton[18]
Composting 85% 40%
percent GHG reduction from landfilling with gas capture [20]
percent GHG reduction from landfilling with gas capture [21]
Anaerobic Digestion Composting
Infrastructure Cost
$4.5 billion in total
$900 million per year
5 years
[22]
[23]
Financing
Tipping Fees
Organic Waste Products
Grants
Tipping fees will provide the primary source of revenue for composting and anaerobic digestion facilities.
Compost and digestate from plants is sold to agriculture as a revenue source for the waste program. Anaerobic digestion can produce biogas which can be similarly sold to communities as energy.
State and federal grants will be required to provide initial funding for digestion and composting facilities.
Monitoring and Enforcement
M● Waste audit data collection
● Data analysis to monitor progress
Monitoring
● Fine non-compliant industries and municipalities
● Municipalities pass fines down to the individual or business responsible
Enforcement
E
[24]
The Tweak
Government soil sustainability projects:● Erosion control● Nutrient replenishment● Carbon sequestration
A ½ inch layer of compost applied to ½ of California’s rangeland would offset
42 million metric tons of CO2e. [12]
Moving Forward
Previous Program + Evaluation = New Program
[25]
Thank you! … Questions?
References
[1] Carbon Brief, "Explainer: Nine 'tipping point' that could be triggered by climate change," 10 February 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change. [Accessed 2020].
[2] Climate & Clean Air Coalition, "Short-Lived Climate Pollutants," [Online]. Available: https://www.ccacoalition.org/en/science-resources. [Accessed 2020].
[3] Food Print, "The Problem of Food Waste," [Online]. Available: https://foodprint.org/issues/the-problem-of-food-waste/. [Accessed 2020].
[4] California Air Resources Board, "California Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2000 to 2017," [Online]. Available: https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/reports/2000_2017/ghg_inventory_trends_00-17.pdf. [Accessed 2020].
[5] California Association of Sanitation Agencies, "An Evaluation of the Sustainability of Biosolids Use as Landfill Burial or Beneficial Cover Material," 11 January 2017. [Online]. Available: https://bacwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/1-11-17- Sustainability-for-biosolids-use-at-landfills.pdf. [Accessed 2020].
[6] R. Duard, "SB 1383 Reducing Short-Lived Climate Pollutants in California," [Online]. Available: https://www.slideserve.com/duard/green-janitorial-operations. [Accessed 2020].
[7] California Air Resources Board, "Assembly Bill 32 Overview," 2014. [Online]. Available: https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm. [Accessed 2020].
[8] Daily Acts, "Food Waste 101," [Online]. Available: https://dailyacts.org/faq-items/food-waste-101/. [Accessed 2020].
[9] E. Levy, "MA Organics Waste Ban - Goes In Effect TODAY!," 2 October 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.savethatstuff.com/tag/waste-diversion/. [Accessed 2020].
References[10] B.C. Campus, "Explore the Planning-Monitoring-Evaluation Cycle," [Online]. Available:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/studystrategizesucceed/chapter/explore-the-planning-monitoring-evaluation-cycle/. [Accessed 2020].
[11] EPA, "Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2017 Fact Sheet," November 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-11/documents/2017_facts_and_figures_fact_sheet_final.pdf. [Accessed 2020].
[12] B. Platt, "Infographic: Compost Impacts More Than You Think," 2 April 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ilsr.org/compost-impacts-infographic/. [Accessed 2020].
[13] Citizens Budget Commission, "A Better Way to Pay for Solid Waste Management," 5 February 2015. [Online]. Available: https://cbcny.org/research/better-way-pay-solid-waste-management. [Accessed 2020].
[14] Nobly, [Online]. Available: https://www.noblypos.com/hubfs/2018%20New%20Designs%20-%20General/green-business-pp/planet.png. [Accessed 2020].
[15] H. A. Aguirre-Villegas and R. A. Larson, "Evaluating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Dairy Manure Management Practices Using Survey Data and Lifecycle Tools," 1 February 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652616321953. [Accessed 2020].
[16] North East Biogas, "Overview of Anaerobic Digestion and Digesters," [Online]. Available: https://archive.epa.gov/region02/webinars/web/pdf/3-24-10_1.pdf. [Accessed 2020].
[17] K. Moriarty, "Feasibility Study of Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste in St. Bernard, Louisiana," January 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/57082.pdf. [Accessed 2020].
References
[18] C. S. Marxsen, "Potential World Garbage and Waste Carbon Sequestration," Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 293-300, 2011.
[19] Waste Today, "EREF Releases Analysis on National Landfill Tipping Fees," 29 October 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.wastetodaymagazine.com/article/eref-releases-analysis-national-msw-landfill-tipping-fees/#:~:text=The%20average%20MSW%20landfill%20tip,fee%20was%20%2453.58%20per%20ton.. [Accessed 2020].
[20] A. Boston, B. Li and T. Shulman, "Food Waste Management + Climate Action: National GHG Reduction Potential," February 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.nzwc.ca/focus/food/Documents/FoodWasteClimateChange-Report.pdf. [Accessed 2020].
[21] California Environmental Protection Agency, "Method For Estimating GreenHouse Gas Emission Reductions From Diversion of Organic Waste From Landfills to Compost Facilities," May 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/waste/cerffinal.pdf.
[22] 50 States, "California," [Online]. Available: https://www.50states.com/images/redesign/maps/ca-largemap.png. [Accessed 2020].
[23] California Environmental Protection Agency, "Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy," March 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2018-12/final_slcp_report%20Final%202017.pdf. [Accessed 2020].
[24] RoadRunner, [Online]. Available: https://www.roadrunnerwm.com/hs-fs/hubfs/WasteAudit_Icon.png. [Accessed 2020].
[25] [Online]. Available: https://cdn-a.william-reed.com/var/wrbm_gb_food_pharma/storage/images/publications/pharmaceutical-science/in-pharmatechnologist.com/article/2020/01/30/major-pharma-companies-launch-sustainability-push/10653047-1-eng-GB/Major-pharma-companies-launch-sustai. [Accessed 2020].