Proposed Pecos River Salinity StudyPecos River in Bitter Lake NWR, March 2011 Mouth of Rio Hondo,...
Transcript of Proposed Pecos River Salinity StudyPecos River in Bitter Lake NWR, March 2011 Mouth of Rio Hondo,...
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Evaluation of Pecos River Salinity Inputs near Roswell, NM
Paul Reimus(1)
Pamela Archer(1)
Dudley Jones(2)
(1)Earth and Environmental Sciences Division,
Los Alamos National Laboratory
(2)Carlsbad Irrigation District
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Objective and Methods Objective - • Identify and quantify salinity inputs near Roswell and their
impact at Brantley Reservoir
Methods - • USGS flow gauge data
• Specific conductance surveys
• Major ion chemistry of water samples
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Mouth of Rio Hondo, April 2011 Pecos River in Bitter Lake NWR, March 2011 Canoe Put-In East of Roswell, October 2010
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Pecos River in SE New Mexico and Roswell Study Area
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N. Spring River, April 2011
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Pecos River Flows over Past 3 Years
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1
10
100
1000
10/1/2008 4/1/2009 9/30/2009 3/31/2010 9/29/2010 3/30/2011 9/28/2011
Dis
cha
rge
, Cu
bic
Fe
et
pe
r S
eco
nd
Date
Acme
BLM N
BLM S
Lake Arthur
Lakewood
Source: USGS Flow Data @ http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nm/nwis/
Spikes are Block Releases and Storms
(~58% of total flow at BLM S and L. Arthur)
Conductance Survey Dates
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Pecos Flow Differences over Past 3 Years
5
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
10/1/2008 4/1/2009 9/30/2009 3/31/2010 9/29/2010 3/30/2011 9/28/2011
Dis
cha
rge
Dif
fere
nce
, Cu
bic
Fe
et
pe
r S
eco
nd
Date
BLM N - Acme
BLM S -Acme
Lake Arthur-Acme
Lakewood-Acme
a)
Source: USGS Flow Data @ http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nm/nwis/
High-Flow Events Removed (~20% of Record)
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Specific Conductance Surveys
- October 2010 U.S. 380 to Dexter
- March 2011 N BLNWR to U.S. 380
- April 2011 Rio Hondo Watershed
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2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Spec
ific
Con
duct
ance
, µ
S/cm
Distance (in miles) from Northern BLNWR boundary (end 5 river miles north of NM 409 bridge in Dexter)
March Data Original October Data Adjusted October Data
Scout Camp
Hunter Oxbow
Rio Hondo
Lea Lake Inflow
Blown
Well
Specific Conductance in Pecos River
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TDS and Major Ions in Pecos River
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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
32.4 32.6 32.8 33 33.2 33.4 33.6
TD
S, m
g/L
Latitude, degrees N
Oct. 2010 - 33, 64
Nov. 2010 - 23, 59
Jan. 2011 - 32, 66
March 2011 - 18, 45
April 2011 - 52, 90
Inflowing Waters
BLN
WR
Sco
ut
Cam
p
Hu
nte
r O
xbo
wR
io H
on
do
Lea
Lake
Bra
ntl
ey
Re
serv
oir
U.S
. 70
Lake
wo
od
Art
esi
a
Lake
Art
hu
r
Hag
erm
an
De
xte
r
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
32.4 32.6 32.8 33 33.2 33.4 33.6
(Na
+K
)/C
a M
ole
Ra
tio
Latitude, degrees N
Oct. 2010 - 33, 64
Nov. 2010 - 23, 59
Jan. 2011 - 32, 66
March 2011 - 18, 45
April 2011 - 52, 90
Inflowing Waters
BLN
WR
Sco
ut
Cam
p
Hu
nte
r O
xbo
w
Rio
Ho
nd
o
Lea
Lake
Bra
ntl
ey
Re
serv
oir
U.S
. 70
Lake
wo
od
Art
esi
a
Lake
Art
hu
r
Hag
erm
an
De
xte
r
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
32.4 32.6 32.8 33 33.2 33.4 33.6
Cl/
SO
4 M
ole
Ra
tio
Latitude, degrees N
Oct. 2010 - 33, 64
Nov. 2010 - 23, 59
Jan. 2011 - 32, 66
March 2011 - 18, 45
April 2011 - 52, 90
Inflowing Waters
BL
NW
RS
co
ut
Ca
mp
Hu
nte
r O
xb
ow
Rio
Ho
nd
oLea
La
ke
Bra
ntl
ey
Re
serv
oir
U.S
. 7
0
Lake
wo
od
Art
esi
a
La
ke
Art
hu
r
Ha
ge
rma
n
De
xte
r
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
32.4 32.6 32.8 33 33.2 33.4 33.6
Ca/
Mg
Mo
le R
atio
Latitude, degrees N
Oct. 2010 - 33, 64
Nov. 2010 - 23, 59
Jan. 2011 - 32, 66
March 2011 - 18, 45
April 2011 - 52, 90
Inflowing Waters
BLN
WR
Sco
ut
Cam
p
Hu
nte
r O
xbo
w
Rio
Ho
nd
o
Lea
Lake
Bra
ntl
ey
Re
serv
oir
U.S
. 70
Lake
wo
od
Art
esi
a
Lake
Art
hu
r
Hag
erm
an
De
xte
r
TDS (Na+K)/Ca
Cl/SO4
Ca/Mg
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TDS and Major Ions in Hondo Watershed
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
-104.54 -104.5 -104.46 -104.42 -104.38 -104.34
TD
S, m
g/L
Longitude, degrees
Rio Hondo
N. Spring River
Rio Berrendo
Ponds west of Water Plant
BLWNR
Lea Lake
West East
TDS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-104.54 -104.5 -104.46 -104.42 -104.38 -104.34
(Na
+K
)/C
a M
ole
Ra
tio
Longitude, degrees
Rio Hondo
N. Spring River
Rio Berrendo
Ponds west of Water Plant
BLNWR
Lea Lake
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-104.54 -104.5 -104.46 -104.42 -104.38 -104.34
Cl/
SO
4 M
ole
Ra
tio
Longitude, degrees
Rio Hondo
N. Spring River
Rio Berrendo
Ponds west of Water Plant
BLNWR
Lea Lake
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
-104.54 -104.5 -104.46 -104.42 -104.38 -104.34
Ca
/Mg
Mo
le R
ati
o
Longitude, degrees
Rio Hondo
N. Spring River
Rio Berrendo
Ponds west of Water Plant
BLNWR
Lea Lake
(Na+K)/Ca
Cl/SO4 Ca/Mg
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Salt Balance Calculations to Estimate
Inflows (October
2010)
10
33 CFS In
+ 5 CFS
+ 3 CFS
+ 9 CFS
+ 8 CFS
+ 6 CFS
64 CFS Out
(>2 CFS)
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0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
TD
S o
r N
aC
l Flu
x, k
g/d
ay
Flo
w, C
FS
Distance from N. Boundary of BLNWR, river miles
Flow 10/10
TDS Flux, 10/10
TDS Flux, 3/11
NaCl Flux, 10/10
N BLNWR
US 380
Below Hondo
Above Lea L.
Below Lea L.
Flows and Salt Fluxes in Pecos River (October 2010)
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33.7 50.9
75.2 82.6
100
15.9
39.1
72.8
76.4 100
Numbers are % of Flux at BLM S/Dexter
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Factoring in Block Releases and Storms Assumptions
– TDS and NaCl concentrations in U.S. 70 and N. BLNWR samples are representative over last 3 years
– Single block release sample (July 2011) is representative of high-flow events
– TDS and NaCl additions divided by flow additions in study area in October 2011 provide representative TDS and NaCl concentrations for all additions in study area over 3-year period
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Flow/Flux
Contribution
Flow, m3
% of Flow
at BLM S
TDS, kg
% of TDS
at BLM S
NaCl, kg
% of NaCl
at BLM S
Acme Base Flow 2.21 x 107 21.0 5.53 x 107 18.0 1.13 x 107 12.9
Releases & Storms 6.08 x 107 57.7 1.34 x 108 43.7 1.15 x 107 13.1
Study Area Inflow 2.24 x 107 21.3 1.17 x 108 38.3 6.45 x 107 74.0
Average Annual Flows and Fluxes over Past 3 Years
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Origin of Salt Inputs – Roswell Artesian Aquifer
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Conceptual Model Chloride
Profiles
(Figures from Land and Newton, 2007)
Exposed Calcite Bed at
Y-O Fault in BLNWR
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Conclusions and Future Plans
Plans: • Refine salt fluxes in Pecos River and
obtain time histories
• Evaluate potential for subsurface controls (passive or active wells)
• Desalination near discrete inflows?
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• Nearly 40% of TDS and over 70% of NaCl reaching Brantley reservoir comes from Roswell-area inputs
• Diffuse sources, but over 75% of TDS and NaCl enter river at discrete inflows (Hunter Oxbow, Rio Hondo, Lea Lake)
2000
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8000
9000
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Spe
cifi
c C
on
du
ctan
ce,
µS/
cm
Distance (in miles) from Northern BLNWR boundary (end 5 river miles north of NM 409 bridge in Dexter)
March Data Original October Data Adjusted October Data
Scout Camp
Hunter Oxbow
Rio Hondo
Lea Lake Inflow
Blown
Well
Continuous Conductance Probes
Rio Hondo, April 2011
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Acknowledgments
• LANL New Mexico Small Business Assistance Program Office
• Doug Ware and Mike Rearick, LANL
• Kay Havenor, Geoscience Technologies
• Bitter Lake NWR Staff
• Seichii Miyamoto, Texas Water Resources Institute
• Lewis Land, NM Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources
• Woods Houghton, Eddy County Extension Agent
• Dick Smith, Pecos Valley Artesian Conservancy District
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