Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )
description
Transcript of Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )
![Page 1: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mobile Source Control Division July 2, 2003 Planning and Technical Support Division Public WorkshopMonitoring and Laboratory DivisionCalifornia Air Resources Board
Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines
(SORE)
![Page 2: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Topics to Cover
Evaporative
Inventory
Exhaust
California Air Resources Board
![Page 3: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Exhaust Emissions
Mobile Source Control Division
![Page 4: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Overview of Presentation
• Background• Amendment Objectives• Test Results• Other Modifications to the Regulations
and Test Procedures
California Air Resources Board
![Page 5: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Significant Events
• 1990: 1st SORE Reg Adopted
• 1995: 1st Standards Implemented
• 1998: SORE Reg Amended
• 1998/2000: U.S. EPA Finalizes Regs
• 2003: New Amendments to be Proposed
California Air Resources Board
![Page 6: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Statewide Small Engine Exhaust Inventory
California Air Resources Board
CY 2000
165 TPD
=
CY 2020
97 TPD
=+
HC+NOx
![Page 7: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Regulatory Amendment Objectives
• Align with U.S. EPA’s 2005 “handheld” HC+NOx emission level
• Adopt catalyst based HC+NOx standards for “nonhandheld” engines
• Adopt optional low-emission standards
• Better align ARB/U.S. EPA Test Procedures
California Air Resources Board
![Page 8: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
0-65cc (“Handheld”) Engines - Proposed Amendments
• Align with U.S. EPA’s 50 g/kW-hr HC+NOx standard– Applicable to engines less than 50cc– CO and PM standards unchanged
• Revise upper limit of category to include engines up to 80cc
• 2005 MY Implementation– Inline with EPA
California Air Resources Board
![Page 9: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
>80cc (“Nonhandheld”) Engines - Proposed Amendments
• 50% reduction in HC+NOx standard– Catalyst based levels– >80 - <225cc: 8.0 g/kW-hr– 225cc and above: 6.0 g/kW-hr
• Include 1000 hour durability option for engines 225cc and above
• 2006 MY Implementation
California Air Resources Board
![Page 10: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Catalyst Test Program• Contractor: SwRI• Purpose: Test small engine with catalysts to
show a 50% emission reduction is feasible over the useful life of the engine
No. Mfg.
Rated Power (kW) Disp. (cc) Appl.
1 B&S #1 4.8 190 WBM2 B&S#2 4.8 190 WBM3 Tecumseh 4.8 195 WBM4 Honda #1 4.1 160 WBM5 Kawasaki 14.2 675 Rider6 Honda #2 8.2 340 Gen
California Air Resources Board
![Page 11: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Emission Control System• B&S #1
– Enleanment, Catalyst, PSAI• Tecumseh
– Catalyst, PSAI• Honda #1
– Catalyst, PSAI• Kawasaki
– Enleanment, Catalyst, PSAI
California Air Resources Board
![Page 12: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Catalysts Used
• TWC• Metallic substrate• Loading confidential
Engine No. Mfg. Cat ID
Diameter, inches
Length, inches
Cell Density,
cpsi1 B&S #1 C 2.4 2.0 2003 Tecumseh C 2.4 2.0 2004 Honda #1 J 2.4 2.0 4005 Kawasaki E 4.6 4.5 400
California Air Resources Board
![Page 13: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Catalyst Efficiency
0102030405060708090
100
B&S#1 B&S#2 Tecumseh Honda#1 Kawasaki
% E
ffici
ency
0 125 250
California Air Resources Board
Target Level
![Page 14: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Exhaust Levels Achieved
02468
1012141618
B&S#1 B&S#2 Tec. Hon.#1 Kawa.
HC+
NO
x (
g/kW
-hr)
0 hr 125 hr 250 hr
Current Standard
Proposed Standard
Current Standard
Proposed Standard
Developed Engine Emissions
California Air Resources Board
![Page 15: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Muffler Surface Temperatures
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
B&S#2 Tecumseh(@250 hr)
Honda#1 Kawasaki(@125 hr)
Surf
ace
Tem
pera
ture
(deg. F)
Mufflerw/ Cat
California Air Resources Board
(@Mode 1)
![Page 16: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Muffler Out Temperatures
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
B&S#1 B&S#2 Tec.(@250 hr)
Honda#1 KawasakiSurf
ace
Tem
pera
ture
(deg. F)
Muffler w/ Cat
California Air Resources Board
(@Mode 1)
![Page 17: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Summary of Tier 3 Standards
Size (cc) MY
HC+NOx Standard (g/kW-hr)
< 50 2005+ 5050 - < 80 2005+ 72
>80 - <225 2006+ 8> 225 2006+ 6
California Air Resources Board
![Page 18: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Environmental Benefits
Engine Redux.
HH 3.5
NonHH 9.0
2010 Statewide HC+NOx Reductions from Exhaust Proposal
(TPD)
California Air Resources Board
![Page 19: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Estimated Cost to Meet Proposed Standards
• < 80 cc: $0/unit
• > 80 - < 225 cc: ~ $26 - $32/unit
• > 225 cc: ~ $45 - $66/unit
California Air Resources Board
![Page 20: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Optional Standards
• Voluntary• Cleaner Engines• California “Blue Sky Series”• Comply with HC+NOx levels 50% of
Tier 3 standard• Incentives• 2005/6 Implementation
California Air Resources Board
![Page 21: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Additional Changes to Exhaust Regulations
• Unit Power: Convert from hp to kW
• Defects Reporting– Voluntary/Ordered Recall– Included in Exhaust and Evaporative
Program
• Align ARB/U.S. EPA Test Procedures
California Air Resources Board
![Page 22: Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56814444550346895db0e25c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
California Air Resources Board