PROPOSED 3.5 MTPA INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT & 295 MW...
Transcript of PROPOSED 3.5 MTPA INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT & 295 MW...
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
PROPOSED 3.5 MTPA INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT & 295 MW
CPP AT HALAVARTHI, KOPPAL, KARNATAKA
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) &
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
POLLUTION & ECOLOGY CONTROL SERVICES NAGPUR – INDIA
FINAL EIA REPORT
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INDEX
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CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1-6
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Purpose of the Report 1
1.2 Identification of Project & Project Proponent 2
1.2.1 Nature of the Project 2
1.2.2 Size of the Project 2
1.2.3 Project Proponent 2
1.2.4 Importance of the Project 2
1.2.5 Location of the Project 2
1.3 Scope of the Study 3
1.4 Basic Data Generation, Field Studies and Data Collection 3
1.5 Report Coverage 3
CHAPTER 2 : PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7-40
2.0 Project Description 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Type of Project 8
2.3 Need for Project 9
2.4 Location 10
2.5 Size or Magnitude of Operation 10
2.6 Proposed Schedule for Approval and Implementation 10
2.7 General Layout and Transportation 11
2.8 Technology & Process Description 12
2.8.1 Coke Oven Batteries 12
2.8.2 Sintering Plant and Auxiliaries 13
2.8.3 Iron Ore Fine Beneficiation Plant 15
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2.8.4 The Blast Furnace Complexes 17
2.8.5 Steel Making Facilities 19
2.8.6 The hot rolling Mills 25
2.8.7 Cold rolling complex 28
2.9 Captive Power Plants and Turbo Blower Stations 30
2.9.1 Captive Power Plants: 30
2.9.2 Turbo-blowers 31
2.10 Cryogenic Oxygen Plant 31
2.11 Pollution Control and Environment Management 31
2.12 Instrumentation, Automation & Controls 34
2.13 Water supply and treatment facilities 35
2.14 Steam facilities 36
2.15 Compressed air facilities 36
2.16 Fuel Oil Facilities 37
2.17 Inter Plant Gas Pipeline 37
2.18 Industrial Safety and Fire Protection Services 38
2.19 Ventilation, Air Conditioning & De-dusting Facilities 38
2.20 Construction Planning 38
2.21 Manpower & Training 39
2.22 Capital Cost & Economics of the project 40
CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 41 - 108
3.0 Introduction 41
3.1 Environmental Monitoring Program 43
3.1.1 Micro Meteorology 44
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3.1.2 Air Environment 49
3.1.3 Water Environment 65
3.1.4 Noise Environment 75
3.1.5 Soil Environment 78
3.1.6 Land Environment 88
3.1.7 Geology 91
3.1.8 Flora & Fauna 93
CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
&MITIGATION MEASURES
109 - 189
4.1 Introduction 109
4.1.1 Impacts and Mitigation Measures Due To Project Location 109
4.1.2 Impacts and Mitigation Measures Due To Project Design 110
4.1.3 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 111
4.1.4 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase 113
4.1.5 Impacts and Mitigation Measures because of Accidents 147
4.2 Measures for Minimizing and / or Offsetting Adverse Impact 148
4.3 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Environmental Components 149
4.4 Assessment of Significance of Environmental Impacts 150
4.4.1 General 150
4.4.2 Criteria For Determining Significance 152
4.4.3 Environmental Significance Against Predictability Criterion 155
4.4.4 Manageability Criterion 157
4.4.5 Issues Under Manageability Criterion 158
4.4.6 Environmental Significance Against Manageability Criterion 159
4.4.7 Environmental Significance 162
4.5 Technological Details Of Environmental Mitigation Measures 165
4.5.1 Introduction 165
4.5.2 Carbon Credit Technology or CDM Projects Envisaged 165
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4.5.3 Air Pollution: Mitigation Measures 168
4.5.4 Water: Mitigation Measures 176
4.6 Rain Water Harvesting 179
4.7 Energy Conservation Measures 179
4.8 Solid Waste: Mitigation Measures 179
4.9 Green Belt Development: Mitigation Measures 182
CHAPTER-5.0: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE 190
CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 191 - 215
6.0 Introduction 191
6.1 Environmental Aspects to be Monitored 191
6.1.2 Regular Maintenance of Drainage System 192
6.1.3 Meteorology 193
6.1.4 Major Stack Emissions Monitoring 193
6.1.5 Solid / Hazardous Waste Generation & Utilisation 194
6.1.6 Green Belt Development Plan 194
6.1.7 House Keeping 194
6.1.8 Occupational Health and Safety 194
6.1.9 Socio-Economic Development 195
6.1.10 The Waste Water Quality 195
6.1.11 Work Zone Air Quality 195
6.1.12 Work Zone Noise 195
6.1.13 Ambient Air Quality(AAQ) 196
6.1.14 Wastewater Discharge from Plant 196
6.1.15 Ambient Noise Level 197
6.1.16 Ground Water Monitoring 197
6.2 Monitoring Plan 197
6.2.1 General 197
6.2.2 Performance Indicators(PI) 198
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6.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Programme 198
6.2.4 Reporting System for Progress Monitoring 204
6.2.5 Emergency Procedures 205
6.2.6 Budgetary Provisions for Environmental Monitoring Plan 205
6.2.7 Budgetary Provisions for Environmental Protection Measures 205
CHAPTER 7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES 207-242
7.1 Risk Assessment 207
7.2.1 Introduction 207
7.2.2 Process Description 207
7.2.3 Applicability of the Rule 210
7.2.4 Description of Hazardous Chemicals 211
7.2.5 Hazard Identification 215
7.2.6 Hazard Assessment 216
7.2.7 HAZOP Study 217
7.2.8 Consequence Analysis 217
7.2.9 On-Site Emergency Plan / Disaster Management Plan 219
7.2.10 Industrial Safety And Fire Fighting 220
7.2.11 Safety Of Personnel 220
7.2.12 Fire Protection Facilities 220
7.2.13 Plant Disaster Control 221
7.3 Social Impact Assessment 230
7.3.1 Introduction 230
7.3.2 Objectives 230
7.3.3 Methodology adopted for the study 231
7.3.4 Profile of Koppal District 232
7.3.5 Conclusions 239
7.3.6 Corporate Social Responsibility 240
7.4 Public Consultation 241
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7.5 Corporate Environmental Responsibility 242
CHAPTER 8: PROJECT BENEFITS 243-244
8.0 Introduction 243
8.1 Employment Potential 243
8.2 Other Tangible Benefits 243
CHAPTER 9 : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 245-253
9.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) : Administrative Aspects 245
9.2 Organization Policy 245
9.3 Implementation of Mitigative Measures 246
9.4 Organization Structure 246
9.4.1 Administrative Setup 246
9.4.2 Laboratory Set Up 247
9.4.3 Functioning 250
9.5 Implementation Arrangement 251
9.5.1 Institutional Implementation Arrangements 251
9.5.2 Co-ordination with Other Departments 252
9.5.3 Interaction with State Pollution Control Board /CPCB / MoEFCC 252
9.5.4 Training 252
9.6 Environmental Auditing 253
9.7 Water And Energy Conservation Measures 253
9.8 Other Measures 253
CHAPTER-10: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 254-270
10.0 Introduction 254
10.1 Need for the Project 255
10.2 Plant Capacity, Cost and Implementation Schedule 255
10.3 Project Site and its Environs 255
10.4 Site Selection 256
10.5 Salient Features of the Project 256
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10.6 Land 256
10.7 Water 256
10.8 Environmental Impact Assessment Study 256
10.8.1 Baseline Status 256
CHAPTER 11: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT 261-262
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Names Page
3.1 Environmental Setting of Plant Site 41
3.2 Schedule of Environmental Monitoring Program 44
3.3 Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring 44
3.4 Temperature & Humidity Recorded During Sampling Period 46
3.5 Description of Ambient Air Monitoring Stations 50
3.6 Techniques& Instruments Used For Monitoring of Ambient Air
Quality
51
3.7 AAQ Observations Project Site One At Proposed Steel Plant 52
3.8 AAQ Observations Adjacent From One Pellet Plant 53
3.9 AAQ Observations Allangara Village 54
3.10 AAQ Observations Hira Baglani Village 55
3.11 AAQ Observations Kunikeri Tanda Village 56
3.12 AAQ Observations Huvinahalu Village 57
3.13 AAQ Observations Koppal Village 58
3.14 AAQ Observations Belanalu Village 58
3.15 AAQ Observations Basapur Village 60
3.16a Summarized Report of Ambient Air Quality 61
3.16b Summarized Report of Ambient Air Quality 61
3.16c Summarized Report of Ambient Air Quality 61
3.17a Percentile Distributions of Various Parameters in Ambient Air Quality 62
3.17b Percentile Distributions of Various Parameters in Ambient Air Quality 62
3.17c Percentile Distributions of Various Parameters in Ambient Air Quality 62
3.18 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 63
3.19a Descriptive Listing of Ground Water Sampling Stations 65
3.19b Descriptive Listing of Surface Water Sampling Stations 66
3.20 Methodology for sampling and analysis of water & wastewater 67
3.21a Analysis Report of Ground Water Samples 69
3.21b Analysis Report Of Surface Water Samples 71
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3.22 Details of Sampling Stations of Noise Level Measurement 75
3.23 Measured Noise Levels At Monitored Stations 77
3.24 Details of Soil Sampling Locations 78
3.25 Analytical Techniques for Soil Analysis 80
3.26 Barren Land Project Site (S-1) 81
3.27 Agriculture Land In Hira Baglani Village (S-2) 82
3.28 Waste Land In Kunikeri Tanda Village (S-3) 83
3.29 Barren Land In Huvinahalu Village (S-4) 84
3.30 Agriculture Land In Belanalu Village (S-5) 85
3.31 Standard Soil Classification 86
3.32 Land Use / Land Cover in 10 Km Radius 90
3.33 List of Major Industries in 10 Km Radius 91
3.34 The Rock Types Found in the Study Area 92
3.35 Stratigraphic sequence observed around Koppal & Ginigera 92
3.36 List of Plant Species Recorded From the Study Area 96
3.37 List of Fauna in the Study Area 104
4.1a Stack emission details for AISL 3.5 MTPA Steel Plant phase-1 119
4.1b Stack emission details for AISL 3.5 MTPA Steel Plant phase-2 120
4.2 Meteorological data used as input for Air quality modeling 122
4.3a Prediction of GLC’s at 3.5 MTPA (Phase-1) Proposed steel 123
4.3b Prediction of GLC's at 3.5 MTPA (Phase-2) Proposed steel 124
4.3c Prediction of GLC's at 3.5 MTPA (Phase-1+2 combined) 125
4.4a Source of Generation / Characterization of Solid Wastes 138
4.4b Solid Waste Generation and Disposal 141
4.5 Charter of Corporate Responsibility shall be as followed 147
4.6 Potential Impacts Verses Mitigation Measures Adopted 148
4.7 Events and their Environmental Consequences 151
4.8 Issues Considered under Predictability Criterion 152
4.9 Level of Certainty in the Prediction of Activity Events and their
Associated Consequences
153
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4.10 Predictability Criterion Significance Score 155
4.11 Predictability Criterion Table 155
4.12 Issues Considered under Manageability Criterion 157
4.13 Questions for Addressing Issues under Manageability Criterion 158
4.14 Manageability Criterion Significance score 159
4.15 Manageability Criterion Table 161
4.16 Matrix for Determining Level of Environmental Significance 163
4.17 Activity Environmental Significance Table 163
4.18 Emission Norms for Air Pollution Control (APC) Measures 175
6.1 Major Stacks to be monitored after the Implementation of the Project 193
6.2 Monitoring of Effluent Outlet & Inlet of ETP 195
6.3 Noise Level monitored after Implementation 196
6.4 Ambient Air to be monitored 196
6.5 Environmental Monitoring Programme 199
6.6 Performance Indicators (PI) for Environmental Monitoring Plan 202
6.7 Reporting System for Environmental Monitoring Plan 204
6.8 Cost of Environmental Protection Measures (Rs. Crores) 206
7.1 Threshold Quantity & the Chemicals Stored and Handled 211
7.2 Type Of Hazards 215
7.3 Over Pressure generation from vapour cloud explosion 218
7.4 Effect of Different Overpressure 218
7.5 Heat radiation intensity at different distances for 50 t 219
7.6 Relation between Heat Radiation Intensity, Time and Effect on Man 219
7.7 The village wise demographic data 235
9.1 Monitoring / Analytical Equipment / Usage for proposed plant 248
9.2 List of Coordinating Agencies, which may be involved for specific
Environmental Activities
251
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Names Page No.
1.1a Location of Site 5
1.1b Location of Site ( Total village are Halavarthi, Basapura, Koppal,
Kidadal, Ginigera ) 6
3.1 Key Plan 43
3.1a Wind Rose Diagram for Period during AAQ Monitoring 45
3.2 Temperature variations during study period 49
3.3 Relative Humidity Variations during Study Period 49
3.4 Locations of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations 50
3.5 Figure Showing Of Ground & Surface Water Sampling Locations 66
3.6 Figure Showing Locations of Noise Level Monitoring
76
3.7 Figure Showing Locations of Soil Sampling Locations 79
3.8 Figure showing satellite imagery 89
3.9 Figure Land Use / Land Cover Map of 10Km Radius. 90
4.1 Isopleths for PM Concentration Due to proposed steel project 126
4.2 Isopleths for SO2 Concentration Due to proposed steel project 127
4.3 Isopleths for NOx Concentration Due to proposed steel project 128
4.4 Steps for Assessment of Significance of Environmental Impacts 154
9.1 Organization Chart (Proposed) of Environment Management
Department 247
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices Description
1 Copy of TOR
2 List of Raw Materials, their Source and mode of transport
3 Photograph of proposed plant site
4 Water Permission
5 GLCs of Phase I & Phase II
LIST OF DRAWINGS
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Description Drawing No.
1 General Layout ENV/AISL/FR/GL/001(R-2)
2 Material Flow Sheet AISL/FR/MFS R-1(4 SHEETS)
3 Water Balance ENVIRO/AISL/FR/17/01 (2 SHEETS)
4 Project Implementation AISL/FR/24/01 (2 SHEETS)
5 Utilization of By Product Gases
ENVIRO/AISL/FR/14/01 (2 SHEETS)
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 1 of 14 Compliance of TOR
Terms of Reference (TOR)
The following Terms of Reference (TOR) has been finalized by the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) and issued vide letter
F.no- J-11011/161/2015-IA II (I) dated 22/07/2015 for preparation of EIA/EMP report. The TOR issued for EIA/EMP study for
3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka. The approved
TOR is attached as Appendix-1. The point wise compliance of TOR is indicated below:
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1. Executive Summary - - Attached with EIA Report
2. Introduction
I. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation.
II. Information about the project proponent.
III. Importance and benefits of the project
Chapter-10
Chapter-1
Chapter-1
Page-261-262
Page-2
Page-2
3. Project Description
I. Cost of project and time of completion
II. Products with capacities for the proposed project
III. If expansion project, Details of existing products with
capacities and whether adequate land is available for
expansion, reference of earlier EC if any
IV. List of raw materials required and their source along with
mode of transportation
V. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and
storage capacities
VI. Details of Emission, effluents, Hazardous waste generation
and their management.
Chap-2
Chap-2
N.A.
-
N.A.
Chap-2
Page-38 & 40
Page-9
-
-
N.A.
Page-32-34
Proposed project
Appendix-2
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 2 of 14 Compliance of TOR
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VII. Requirement of water, Power, with source of supply, status of
approval, water balance diagram, man power requirement
(regular and contract)
VIII. Process description along with major equipment’s and
machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative) from raw
material to products to be provided.
IX. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems.
X. Expansion/modernization proposals:
a. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including
Amendments there to obtained for the project from
MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as annexure. A certified copy
of the latest monitoring report of the regional office of the
Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated
30th May, 2012 on the status of compliances of conditions
stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances
including Amendments shall be provided In addition. Status
of consent to Operate for the ongoing /existing operation
of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA –
EMP report.
b. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental
clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions
of the EIA Notification1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006
shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/ No
objection Certificate and consent to Operate (in case of
Chap-2
Chap-2
Chap-7
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N.A.
Page-32 to 34
Page-12 to 31
Page-207-242
-
This is new proposal for
project
N.A.
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 3 of 14 Compliance of TOR
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units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO
of FY 2005-2006 ) obtained from the SPCB shall be
submitted, Further compliance report to the conditions of
consents from the SPCB shall be submitted.
4. Site Details
I. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/ tehsil.
District and state, justification for selecting the site,
whether other sites considered.
II. A topo sheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site
location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet.
(including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally
sensitive places)
III. CO- ordinates (lat – long) of all four corners of the site.
IV. Google map- Earth downloaded of the project site.
V. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed
unit indicating storage area, Plant area, greenbelt area
utilities etc. if located within an Industrial
area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating
location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate.
VI. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable)
plant site. If existing, show photographs of
plantation/greenbelt, in particular.
VII. Land use break- up of total land of the project site
(identified and acquired). Government/private –
Chap-1
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Chap-1
Chap-3
Chap-2
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Page-2-3
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Page-2-3
Page-89
-
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Other site not considered as
site is allocated by KIDB
Attached as drawing
Attached as Drawing
Appendix-3
Appendix-4
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 4 of 14 Compliance of TOR
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agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements,
etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area)
VIII. A list of major industries with name and type within study
area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details
of the study area
IX. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the
study area shall be included.
X. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study
area. If the site is within 1km radius of any major river,
Peak and lend season river discharge as well as flood
occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the
past 30 years. Details of flood level of the project site and
maximum flood level of the river shall also be provided. (
mega green field projects)
XI. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete,
stage of the acquisition process and expected time of
complete possession of the land.
XII. R & R details in respect of land in line with state
Government policy.
Chap-3
Chap-3
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Page-88-91
Table-3.32,
3.33
Page-91
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The project is not located in 1
km radius of any major river
A total of 922.1 acres is under
possession & 995.50 acres
under acquision by KIADB
There is no R&R envisaged for
project
5. Forest and wildlife related issues(if applicable):
I. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry
clearance), if any and recommendations of the State Forest
Department, (if applicable)
-
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There is no forest land
involved, hence clause does
not applicable
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 5 of 14 Compliance of TOR
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II. Land use map based on High resolution satellite imagery
(GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in
case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha)
III. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I
forestry clearance along with latest status shall be
submitted.
IV. The projects to be located within 10km of the National park,
sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of
wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map
duly authenticated by Chief wildlife warden showing these
features vis-a-vis the project location and the
recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife
warden-thereon
V. Wildlife conservation plan duly authenticated by the chief
wildlife warden of the state Government for conservation of
schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area.
VI. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the
wildlife (protection) Act, 1972, to the standing committee
of the National Board for wildlife
Chap-3
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Page-88-90
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
There is no forest land involve
There is National Park,
Sanctuaries, Biosphere
Reserves, Migratory Corridor
of wild life within 10 km radius
of project
6. Environmental status
I. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project
site- specific micro-meteorological data using temperature,
Chap-3
Page-45-49
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 6 of 14 Compliance of TOR
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relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and
rainfall.
II. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5,
SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project
shall be collected. The monitoring station shall be based
CPCB guidelines and take into account the predominant
wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors
including reserved forest.
III. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all
station as per frequency given in the NAAQM notification of
Nov.2009 along with min., max., average and 98%values
value for data of all AAQ station should be provided as an
annexure to the EIA Report.
IV. Surface water quality of nearby river (600m upstream and
downstream) and other surface drains at eight locations as
per CPCB/MOEF & CC guidelines.
V. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river
identified by the CPCB/ MOEF & CC.
VI. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall
be included.
VII. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area.
Chap-3
Chap-3
Chap-3
N.A.
Chap-3
Chap-3
Page-49-65
Page-49-65
Page-65-75
N.A.
Page-65-75
Page-75-78
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 7 of 14 Compliance of TOR
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VIII. Soil characteristics as per CPCB guidelines
IX. Traffic study of the area, Type of vehicles, Frequency of
vehicles for transportation of material, additional traffic due
to proposed project, packing arrangement etc.
X. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and
aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with
special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species.
If schedule-1 fauna with in the study area, a wildlife
conservation plan shall be prepared and furnished.
XI. Socio-economic status of the study area.
Chap-3
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Chap-3
Chap-7
Page-78-87
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Page-93-108
Page-230-232
7. Impact Assessment and Environment Management Plan.
I. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants
from the stack emission based on site-specific metrological
features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain.
The AQIP Modeling shall be done using input of the specific
terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts
of the project in the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources
of emissions (including Transportation) on the AAQ of the
area should be well assessed. Details of the model used and
the input data used for modeling shall also be provided. The
Chap-4
Chap-9
Page-109-189
Page-245-253
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 8 of 14 Compliance of TOR
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air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map
showing the location of project site, habitation nearby,
sensitive receptor, if any.
II. water quality modeling in case, if the effluent is proposed
to be discharged in to the local drain, then water quality
modeling study should be conducted for the drain water
taking into consideration the upstream and downstream
quality of water of the drain.
III. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end
products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed
and provided. In this regard option for transport of raw
material and finished products and wastes (large quantities)
by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor-cum-rail
transport shall be examined.
IV. A note on treatment of waste water from different plant
operation, extent of recycled and reused for different
purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent
treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent
to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P)
rules.
N.A.
Chap-4
Chap-4
N.A.
Page-129-131
Page-132-136
Project does not envisage any
waste water discharge from
plant to local drain
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 9 of 14 Compliance of TOR
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V. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of
emission to meet standards.
VI. Measures for fugitive emission control.
VII. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage.
Utilization and disposal, copies of MOU regarding utilization
of solid and hazardous waste shall also be included. EMP
shall include the concept of waste-minimization
recycle/reuse/recover technique. Energy conservation and
natural resources conservation.
VIII. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per fly ash
Notification. 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be
provided.
IX. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33%
area i.e., land with not less than 1,500 tress per ha. Giving
details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc
shall be included. The green plant shall be around the
project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads
used for the project shall also be incorporated.
X. Action plan for rain water harvesting measures at plant site
shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof top
and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and
Chap-4
Chap-4
Chap-4
N.A.
Chap-4
Chap-4
Page-119-121
Page-129
Page137-143
N.A.
Page-182-189
Page-179
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 10 of 14 Compliance of TOR
Sl.
NO.
TOR Points Coverage
in Chapter
Page No/
clause no
Remarks
also to use for the various activities at the project site to
conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement
from other sources.
XI. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for
environment pollution control measures shall be included.
XII. Action plan for post-project environment monitoring shall
be submitted.
XIII. Onsite and offsite disaster (Natural and Man-
Made)preparedness and Emergency Management Plan
including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster
management plan should be linked with District Disaster
Management.
Chap-6
Chap-6
Chap-7
Page-206
Page-197-205
Page-207-221
8. Occupational health
Details of existing Occupational & safety Hazards, What are the
exposure levels of above mentioned hazards and whether they are
within permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL,
what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL
so that health of the workers can be preserved.
Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker, if
the workers’ health is being evaluated by per designed format .
Chest x rays Audiometric, Spirometry, vision testing (Far & Near
Chap-4 Page-145-146
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 11 of 14 Compliance of TOR
Sl.
NO.
TOR Points Coverage
in Chapter
Page No/
clause no
Remarks
vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG during pre-
placement and periodical examinations give the details of the
same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above
mentioned parameters as per age, sex duration of exposure and
department wise.
Annual report of health status of workers with special reference to
Occupation health and safety
Plan and fund allocation to ensure occupational health & safety of
all contract casual workers.
9. Corporation Environmental policy
I. Does the company have a well laid down environment
policy approved by its Board of Directors? IF so, it may be
detailed in the EIA report
II. Does the environment policy prescribe for standard
operating process / procedures to bring into focus any
infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental of
forest norms / conditions? if so it may be detailed in the EIA
III. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of
the company to deal with the environmental issues and for
ensuring compliance with the Environmental clearance
conditions? Details of the system may be given
Chap-9
Page-245-252
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 12 of 14 Compliance of TOR
Sl.
NO.
TOR Points Coverage
in Chapter
Page No/
clause no
Remarks
IV. Does the company have system of reporting of non
compliances / violations of environmental norms to the
board of directors of the company and / or share holders
Or stake holders at large? this reporting mechanism shall
be detailed in the FIA report
10. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel
restroom etc To be provided to the labors force during construction
as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during
operation phase.
- - The facilities shall be made
available, once the works
permission made available
11. Enterprise social commitment(ESC)
i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5% of the project cost )shall be
earmarked towards the enterprises social commitment based on
public heating issued and item wise details along with time bound
action plan shall be included. Socioeconomic development
activities need to be elaborated upon.
Chap-7 Page-241-242
12. Any litigation pending against the project and / or any direction /
order passed by any court of law against the project, if so details
thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any noticed
under the section 5 of environment (Protection) act 1986 or
relevant section of air and water acts? if so details of and complies
/ATR to the notices and presents status of the case.
N.A. N.A. New Project
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 13 of 14 Compliance of TOR
ADDITIONAL TORS FOR INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT
1. Iron ore/coal linkage documents along with the status of
environmental clearance of iron ore and coal mines
- - Iron ore shall be available
from captive mines
2. Quantum of production of coal and iron ore from coal & iron ore
mines and the projects they cater to mode of transportation to the
plant and its impact
N.A. -
3. For large ISPS, A3-d view i.e. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) for the
area in 10 km radius from the proposal site. MRL details of project
site and R.L of nearby sources of water shall be indicated.
- - Drawing will be submitted
4. Recent land use map based on satellite imagery. High-resolution
satellite image data having 1 m - 5m spatial resolution like quick
bird. Ikonos, IRS P-6 pan sharpened etc for the 10 km radius area
from proposed site .The same shall be used for land used /land-
cover mapping of the area.
Chap-3 -
5. PM (PM10 and PM 2.5) present in the ambient air must be analysed
for source analyses, natural dust RSPM generated from plant
operation (trace elements) of PM 10 to be carried over.
Chap-3 -
6. All stock piles will have to be on top of a stable liner to avoid
leaching of materials to ground water.
- - All stockpiles shall be on top of
stable liners to prevent
leaching to ground water
7. Plan for the implementation of the recommendations made for the
steel plants in the CREP guidelines
Chap-4 - CREP described
8. Plan for slag utilization Chap-4 - Slag will be granulated and
sold to cement plant
AARESS IRON & Steel Limited (AISL)
EIA/EMP study for 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant including 295 MW CPP at Village Halavarathi, tehsil-Koppal, State: Karnataka
Page 14 of 14 Compliance of TOR
9. Plan for utilization of energy in off gases (Coke oven, blast furnace) Chap-2 - Off gases shall be used as fuel
in mills and remaining used for
power generation
10. System of coke quenching adopted with justification. Chap-2 - Coke dry cooling will be used
11. Trace metals mercury, arsenic and fluoride emissions in the raw
material
- - Shall be submitted to
MOEF&CC once project
becomes operational
12. Trace metals in waste materials especially slag - - -do-
13. Trace metals in water Chap-3 -
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
PROPOSED 3.5 MTPA INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT & 295 MW
CPP AT HALAVARTHI, KOPPAL, KARNATAKA
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) &
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
POLLUTION & ECOLOGY CONTROL SERVICES NAGPUR –, INDIA
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 2
CONTENTS
SN. Description Page No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION
MEASURES
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
PROJECT BENEFITS
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN - ADMINISTRATIVE
ASPECTS
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
ES-1
ES-1
ES-3
ES-6
ES-12
ES-13
ES-13
ES-13
ES-14
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 3
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The national steel policy has set a target of 110 million tons of steel production by
2020 and to increase it to a level of 300 million tons by 2030. In view of the above,
AISL intends to establish the Integrated Steel Plant of 3.5 MTPA along with 295 MW
power from waste gases. The proposed plant will be built within the company
acquired land.
In pursuance of Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and Notification of 14th
September 2006, new projects or steel plant of any existing plant necessitates
statutory prior environmental clearance by conducting an Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) study. AISL entrusted PECS to conduct an EIA/EMP study for their
proposed steel plant.
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.01 Location
The GPS coordinate as observed for the plant centre is given below: Longitude: 760
14’ 45’’ E Latitude: 150 20’ 25’’ N, near Koppal district in the state of Karnataka. The
site is at a distance of 5 km WNW from Koppal, 30 km from Hospet and about 320 km
from Bangaluru by road. Nearest railway station to the steel plant is Ginigera about
3.5 km. Broad gauge railway lines between Guntakal and Hubli are passing through
this station. The western port of Goa is 320 km.
2.02 The Project
The product mix of the proposed project is presented in Table ES.1
Table ES.1: Proposed Product Mix for Steel Plant
The product mix envisaged for Phase-1 stage
Sl. Type of Product Grades Size range
(mm)
Annual production
(Metric tons)
1 Bar Mill
Wire rod in coils DQ, BBQ, CHQ, BQ,
FCS, Spring steel
5.5-16 200,000
Bars in straight length ACS, CCS, BQ,
Spring Steel
16-69 400,000
Sub Total (a) 600,000
2 Billet Mill
Round bars ACS, CCS, BQ, 60-200 150,000
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 4
Spring Steel
Squares (RCS) ACS, CCS 60-200 50,000
Flats ACS, CCS, BQ,
Spring Steel
60-140 50,000
Sub Total (b) 250,000
Grand Total 850,000
The suggested product mix at phase-2
The tentative annual product mix at full rated capacity will be:
(1) Hot rolled coils for sale: 990,000 t
(2) Hot rolled cut Plates/sheets: 485,000 t
(3) Cold rolled coils and sheets: 567,000 t
(4) Galvanized coils and sheets (saleable): 180,000 t
(5) Colour coated coils and sheets: 190,000 t
----------------
Total saleable steel products at Phase-2: 2,412,000 t
The project is needed to increase Steel Production in the country as per National Steel Policy
to bridge the gap between demand and supply.
The details of proposed facilities, products and their production capacities are presented in
consolidated manner in Table ES.2.
Table ES.2: DETAILS OF PROPOSED FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION
CAPACITIES
Sl.
No.
Plant Units Phase-I Phase-II Final Plant
Configuration
1 Coal Washery 1x3.0 MTPA - 1x3.0 MTPA
2 Ore Beneficiation Plant 1.2 MTPA - 1.2 MTPA
3 Pellet Plant with coal
gasifier unit
1x1.2 MTPA - 1x1.2 MTPA
4 Sinter Plant 1x144 m2
1.29 MTPA
1x324 m2
3.8 MTPA (1x144)+(1x324) m
2
5.09 MTPA gross sinter
5 Coke Oven 1x0.68 MTPA
2x55 Ovens 5.5
m tall
1x1.5 MTPA
2x65 Ovens 7.0 m
tall
2.1 MTPA Coke Oven
battery
2x55 ovens 5.5 m tall
2x65 ovens 7.0 m tall
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 5
6 Blast Furnace 1x1681m3 BF
1.2 MTPA
1x3814 m3 BF 2.6
MTPA
1x1681m3+1x3814 m3
BF 3.8 MTPA hot metal
BF slag 343,000 788,000 1,131,000 tpa
7 SMS
a)
EOF(EnergyOptimizing
Furnace)/BOF (Basic
Oxygen Furnace)
2x65 t EOF 2x180 t BOF
furnaces
(2x65)t EOF+ 2x180t
BOF
b) LF (Ladle Furnace) 2x65 t 1x180 t 2x65 t +1x180 t
c) VD / RH Degasser 2x65 t VD 1x180 t RH
Degasser
2x65 t VD +1x180 t RH
Degasser
f)
Billet Caster/ Bloom
Caster
2x3 Billet
Caster +1x2
Bloom caster
- 2x3 Billet Caster +1x2
Bloom caster
h) Slab Caster - 2x1 strands slab
caster
(2x1) Strand
8. Billet & Bar Mill 0.25 MTPA - 0.25 MTPA
9. Bar & Rod Mill 0.60 MTPA - 0.60 MTPA
10. Hot Strip Mill - 2.5 MTPA slab
input
2.5 MTPA slab Input
11. Cold Rolling Mill with
continuous Pickling Line
- 1.00 MTPA hot coil
input
1.00 MTPA hot coil
input
12. Hot Dip Galvanizing /
Galvalume Unit
- 0.4 MTPA CR coil
input
0.4 MTPA CR coil input
13. Colour Coating Unit - 0.2 MTPA
Galvanizing Coil
Input
0.2 MTPA Galvanizing
Coil Input
14. Oxygen Plant 1x550 TPD 1x1100 TPD 1650 TPD
15. Lime Plant (Out
Sourced)
2x300 TPD 1x600 TPD 1200 TPD
16. Dolo Plant (Out
Sourced)
1x300 TPD _ 300 TPD
17. Captive Power
Plant(CPP)
1x70 MW from
CFBC based
Boiler+ 6 MW
TRT from BF-1
2x100 MW
conventional
based on washed
coal + 12 MW TRT
+ 7MW WHRB
based
295 MW CPP from
CFBC/WHRB/TRT/coal
reject/middling/washed
coal
18. Material Handling Plant
for both phase
Matching Matching Matching
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 6
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.01 General
The study area has been taken as 10km radius around the project site. The baseline
environmental data were generated during March 1, 2016 to May 29, 2016 covering
Summer season
3.02 Meteorology
A meteorological station was set up at existing MSPL administrative building. In
summer season the predominant wind directions observed from SW direction. It has
been observed that the temperature varied between a minimum of 19.2°C to a
maximum of 38.9°C indicating significant temperature changes. Relative humidity
was in the range of 20 to 96 %. The observed value of Relative humidity indicates
moist weather condition.
3.03 Water Environment
Five ground water samples and Five surface water samples were taken and
analysed. Summary description is as follows:
The pH values for all ground water samples are ranging between 7.1 to 7.7, whereas
pH values for all surface water samples are ranging between 6.8 to 8.2. These
values are within desirable range of 7.5 to 7.9 as per IS 10500:2012 standards for
drinking water.
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 7
All surface water samples have Dissolved Oxygen levels ranging from 5.6 to 6.8
mg/l. The Surface water samples have BOD values ranging from 15.0 to 29.0 mg/l.
These results indicate very low organic pollution load. All BOD values are within the
prescribed limit (< 30.0 mg/l) as in IS 2490:1982. All surface water samples have
COD values in range between 45.0 to 104.0 mg/l. All water samples are indicating
very low organic pollution load in terms of COD. All COD values are well below the
prescribed limit (< 250.0 mg/l) as in IS 2490:1982).
The total solids in ground water are in the range of 486.2 to 663.2. All surface water
samples have dissolved solids ranges from 196 to 727 mg/l which are well below
Permissible limit of 2000 mg/l as per IS 10500:2012.
The chloride concentrations in all ground water samples have ranged between 70.3
to 256.7 mg/l and all surface water ranges from 41.2 to 220.2 mg/l these values are
below permissible limit of 1000 mg/l as prescribed in IS 10500:2012.
The Sulphate concentrations for all ground water samples are ranging between 21.2
to 143.4 mg/l, and all surface water samples ranges from 14.3 to 128.6 mg/l these
values are below acceptable limit of 200 mg/l as prescribed in IS 10500:2012.
All ground water samples have hardness in the range of 272 to 428 mg/l and all
surface water samples ranges from 154 to 267 mg/l which are below the permissible
limit of 600 mg/l
All the ground water and surface water samples have fluoride content within the
range of 0.1 to 0.3 mg/l which are much lower than acceptable limit of 1.0 mg/l as
per in IS 10500:2012. .
All ground and surface water samples have low nitrate concentrations ranged
between 0.2 to 21.7 mg/l, and much below the acceptable limit of 45 mg/l as per in
IS 10500:2012.
Heavy metals, Boron and other trace elements in all water samples are either absent
or wherever present were below their respective permissible limits.
3.04 Ambient Air
Nine AAQ monitoring stations were monitored. The results of PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
NOx, CO & NH3 at all the monitoring stations were well within the respective
permissible limit for industrial, residential, rural and other areas (Table ES.3).
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 8
Table ES.3: Average Values of AAQ in Summer Season as Compared with CPCB
Norms
AAQ Station/CPCB
Standards PM 10
(µg/m3)
PM 2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3)
NOX
(µg/m3)
NH3
(µg/m3)
Proposed Steel Plant
Site
53.2 24.2 12.5 21.1 BDL
Adjacent to Pellet
Plant
44.6 23.5 11.8 19.5 BDL
Allangara Village 47.3 24.9 13.1 23.2 BDL
Hire Baglani vi llage 44.8 24.9 13.1 23.2 BDL
Kunikeri Tanda
Vil lage
41.3 25.8 16.1 27.2 BDL
Huvinahalu Vil lage 47.2 26.2 19.8 28.3 BDL
Koppal Village 41.6 19.8 13.8 24.2 BDL
Belanalu Village 40.2 23.7 15.5 27.8 BDL
Basapur Village 46.6 25.9 12.9 21.9 BDL
Industrial, Residential,
Rural & other Area Norm
(24hr./*1hr.Av)
100 60 80 80 400
Samples of air were collected and analysed for CO content. All sampling stations
have very less CO content (< 0.2 mg/m3) in comparison of stipulated annual
average 2 mg/m3 limit recommended for sensitive area in revised NAAQ Standards
from MoEF&CC.
Representative samples from all sampling stations were collected and analysed for
gases and compounds i.e. Ozone, Ammonia, Benzene &Benzo (α) Pyrene. The
concentrations of these gases & compounds were absent.
Representative samples from all sampling stations were collected and analysed for
Toxic Metals i.e. Lead, Arsenic & Nickel. The concentrations of Toxic Metals were
below detectable limit.
Overall Ambient Air Quality of the plant area and its buffer zone is good and there
are no any abnormal values recorded.
3.05 Soil
Soil samples were analysed from five locations. The soils are more or less in the
region of neutral pH. Aavailability of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium were high
to low in most of the soils Organic carbon content is low to medium in most of the
samples. Overall the soil in the area is good for plant growth.
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 9
3.06 Ambient Noise
The noise monitoring was conducted at nine (9) locations all around the study area. It
has found that in the proposed plant buffer zone, noise levels are in the range of 38.0
– 55.5 dB(A) at all nine stations. Maximum levels of noise have recorded in day
hours which are natural as our most of activities have done in day hours.
3.07 Ecological Features
The study area, falls under Semi Arid climate region, sparsely populated and is
undulated and interspersed with small hillocks and hilly terrain. The study area is
predominantly rural with sparse patches of rural settlement. The study area contains
some degraded forest patches, containing scattered thorny scrubs. Extensive
grazing, biotic pressure and water scarcity are the main contributors to the present
stage of vegetation degradation. Due to lack of suitable habitat, bio–diversity of
mammals is low, only the common animals found in rural area are found. The
proposed plant is planned within the acquire land of the AISL premises and no forest
land is involved in the proposed plant.
3.08 Socio-economic Status
Basic Socio-economic Conditions and Land-use in the study area are as follows:
Population density in the area is high due to the dominance of urban areas.
Individual land holdings are small. Cotton constitutes the major crop of the area,
being cultivated in about 56.0% of the gross cropped area (GCA).
The employment rate is moderate many people are engaged in service and other
activities but agriculture still plays an important role in rural economy.
People spend major portion of their disposable income on food items. However
there is a growing tendency of higher expenditure allocation on non-food items.
4.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Impact During Construction
The proposed plant will have sufficient land and all of the construction activity will be
limited within the AISL acquire land, with all infrastructural facilities. As such no
impact on land use and pollution generation during construction phase are expected.
Further, the impact of such activities will be temporary and will be restricted to the
construction phase only.
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 10
4.2 Operational Phase Impact
4.2.1 Air Environment
Impact on Air Environment
AISL will be a green field integrated steel plant capacity of 3.5 MTPA including 295
MW power generating from waste gases. Accordingly, the emissions are estimated
for 3.5 MTPA ISP. The prediction of Ground level concentrations (GLC) of pollutants
emitted from the stacks have been carried out using ISCST-3 / AERMOD Air Quality
Simulation model. It is expected that after the implementation of integrated steel plant
RPM, SO2 and NOx will increase. The predicted GLC values at different receptor
points is given in Table ES.4.
Table ES.4: Prediction of GLC's at 3.5 MTPA combined phase 1+2 (μg/m3)
Location
Code
AAQM location RPM (PM10)
Back Ground
value
From stack
prediction
Total
A1 Project Site 56.5 4.06 60.56
A2 Adjacent to Pellet Plant 49.5 4.06 53.56
A3 Allangara Village 53.0 8.12 61.12
A4 Hirabaglani Village 48.6 4.06 52.66
A5 Kunikeri Tanda Village 45.3 0.00 45.30
A6 Huvinahalu Village 50.5 4.06 54.56
A7 Koppal village 46.5 8.12 54.62
A8 Belanalu Village 44.5 8.12 52.62
A9 Basapur Village 49.6 16.24 65.84
Norm 100
Location
Code
AAQM
location
SO2 NOX
BG* Phase-
1+2
Total BG* Phase-
1+2
Total
A1 Project Site 16.3 0.00 16.3 27.7 0.00 27.7
A2 Adjacent to
Pellet Plant 13.9 0.00 13.9 23.3 0.00 23.3
A3 Allangara
Village 18.0 2.16 20.16 29.5 3.95 33.45
A4 Hirabaglani
Village 17.8 2.16 19.96 31.4 3.95 35.35
A5 Kunikeri Tanda 20.7 2.16 22.86 31.7 0.00 31.7
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
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ES- 11
Village
A6 Huvinahalu
Village 24.4 2.16 26.56 31.1 3.95 35.05
A7 Koppal village 21.6 4.33 25.93 28.7 3.95 32.65
A8 Belanalu
Village 18.5 4.33 22.83 33.4 3.95 37.35
A9 Basapur
Village 15.4 6.49 21.89 26.3 11.85 38.15
Norm 80 80
Mitigation Measures
Air pollution control measures envisaged will be designed suitably so as to meet
the air emission norms as given by MOE&F and CPCB Stack monitoring to
ensure proper functioning of different major stacks
Air monitoring in the Work-zone will be to ensure proper functioning of fugitive
emission control facilities.
Monitoring of ambient air quality will be as per KSPCB directives.
Workers will be provided with adequate protective measures to protect them from
inhaling dust.
4.2.2 Water Environment: Impacts
The requirement of water for the integrated steel plant will be 4170 m3/Hr (22.24
MGD) considering about 6% loss of water during treatment, which will be met
from the Tungabhadra Reservoir located at a distance of about 20 Km from the plant
site, from where raw water will be pumped to the plant storage reservoir. No impact
on ground water is envisaged as no ground water will be drawn.
Mitigation Measures
Re-circulating water in the process whereby discharged volume is minimum.
Clarifier and sludge pond for removal of suspended solids.
Neutralisation of acidic water by lime.
Removal of oil and grease from the contaminated water by means if oil traps,
skimming devices, etc.
Effluent quality monitoring at inlet and outlets of different effluent treatment plants
to ensure proper functioning of different effluent treatment facilities.
Use of treated wastewater in different shops and for plantation development as
far as practicable.
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 12
4.2.3 Solid Waste Disposal: Impacts
Solid waste generated from different units and disposal is given in Table ES.5.
Table ES.5: Solid Waste Generation and Disposal
Solid Waste Total generation at
full capacity (tons)
Utilization and mode Disposal as
wastes
Phase-1 Phase-2
Coal/coke dust 11,854 12,653 100% utilized in coal blend
charge in the coke oven
complex
Nil
Undersize coke 26,000 59,200 100% utilized in sintering
plants as a bed material for
heat energy
Nil
Tar sludge 240 256 To be used along with coal
charge in the coke ovens
Nil
Acid sludge from
by-product units
100 100 - To be neutralized
and disposed as
landfill.
Lime sludge from
PCM
450 To be used as neutralizing
agent
Nil
Iron bearing dusts
from dust
catchers/ESPs/Ba
g filters
232,980 556,669 To be used along with the
charge mix in the sintering
plants. The design has
provisions to use these.
Nil
Blast Furnace
granulated slag
362,208 822,298 To be sold to cement plants
for making blast furnace slag
cement
Nil
Steel making slag 150,000 324,000 Only iron bearing portion of
the steel slag would be
recovered and iron to be
used in steel making. A
small % of the steel slag can
be used in Blast furnace as
source of lime.
These would be
used as landfills
either inside the
plant or in the
neighborhood
Iron oxide from
acid regeneration
plant of Cold
rolling mills
40,000 To be sold to users like
Ferro magnet industry, iron
powder industry etc.
Nil
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 13
Power plant fly
ash
127,360 490,758 To be sold to fly ash brick
makers and cement plants
making fly ash cements
Nil
Power plant
Bottom ash
31,840 122,689 Cannot be used in the
processes adopted.
To be used as land
fill
Arising of
skull/scraps
94,197
(114,197)
*
191,315 To be used in steel making
for re-melting.
Nil
Rejects after Two
stage WHIMS
treatment in the
fine ore
beneficiation
plant.
4,44,188
(Dry)
To be temporarily stocked at
the designated site in the
plant and later transported to
a nearby ore mine pit for re-
filling and green
development.
Phase-1:
Phase-2: 4,44,188 t
Refractory wastes 10,880 26,849 Un-contaminated (80%)
bricks will be sold (for
construction) or crushed to
be used as mortar.
About 20% of the
waste bricks which
are contaminated
with slag/skull etc.
would have to
discarded and
dumped in landfills.
Muck/sludge/wast
es
5,050 7,750 Cannot be re-used
Total arising 1,053,159 3,098,723 174,066 (16.53%) 870,968 (28.2%)
Mitigation Measures:
All attempts to utilise solid waste as per the guidelines given in CREP.
4.2.4 Noise Levels: Impacts
During plant operations noise generated will be close to the compressors and blowers
and will be confined within plant boundary, thus will not have any impact out of the
plant boundary.
Mitigation Measures: The following measures will be undertaken to mitigate noise
and its impact:
Plugging leakages in high-pressure gas/air pipelines.
Reducing vibration of high speed rotating machines by regular monitoring of
vibration and taking necessary steps.
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 14
Design of absorber system for the pulpit operator's cabin.
Noise absorber systems in pump houses.
Noise level at 1m from equipment will be limited to 85 dB (A).
The fans and ductwork will be designed for minimum vibration.
Periodical monitoring of work zone noise and outside plant premises..
Un-manned high noise zone will be marked as "High Noise Zone".
In shops where measures are not feasible, attempts shall be made to provide
operators with soundproof enclosure to operate the system.
Workers exposed to noise level will be provided with protection devices like
earmuffs as per present practice and will be provided with rotational duties.
Regularly check-up of workers for noise related health problem and if detected
proving alternative duty.
4.2.5 Ecological Features: Impact
Since the change in ambient air quality due to emissions from the proposed
integrated steel plant will be small, vegetation in study area will not be damaged. The
effluent discharge from the plant will not be allowed beyond the surface water
discharge norm, thus there will be no impact on the ecological components of surface
water bodies in the area.
Mitigation Measures: Green Belt Development
The green belt which works as sink for emission shall be well planned covering
boundary and surrounding various shops. This will mitigate dust emission generating
from operational plant.
4.2.6 Occupational Safety and Health: Impacts
Working operation of integrated steel plant is cumbersome and negligence in plant
operations may cause risk to safety and health problems of employees.
Mitigation Measures
Proper control of fugitive dust from sources inside plant including open
stockyards. The dedusting systems provided in shops will be regularly monitored
for proper functioning and the level of dust in working zone will be reported to the
management and ensure necessary control action.
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 15
Keeping ventilation systems of premises in perfect working order and regular
cleaning of air filters.
Based on the environmental monitoring for dust, gases, noise & vibration, the
workers exposed to these shops will be regularly checked in medical unit and
results will be intimated to management.
Spot cooling facilities will be provided for workers exposed to high heat generating
shops and will be checked periodically.
House Keeping Measures
Regular cleaning and watering of plant roads to avoid accumulation of
dust/garbage
Regular cleaning of shop floors
Avoiding accumulation and dumping of wastes and damaged equipment and
items anywhere inside the plant affecting aesthetics.
Developing a positive outlook in the employees for keeping the work place, both
in factory, office or laboratory, clean and well maintained.
Mitigation Measures
The community development efforts of AISL for its stakeholders will continue to
fulfill their aspirations.
AISL will have structured interactions with the community to disseminate the
measures taken by the steel plant and also to elicit suggestions for overall
improvement for the development of the area.
4.2.7 Technological Mitigation Measures
Air Pollution
Pollution control measures envisaged in the proposed steel plant units will be
designed for emission levels of less than 50 mg/Nm3 and the details for different units
shall be as follows:
Coke Oven Batteries
a. High Pressure Liquor Aspiration (HPLA) System
b. Efficient Charging Cars
c. Hydro Jet Door Cleaners
d. Leak Proof Oven Door
e. Pushing Emission Control (PEC)
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
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ES- 16
e. Dry-fog Dust Suppression System in Coke Cutter / Coke Conveyor
Sinter Plant
For sinter plant, dry type electrostatic precipitator (ESP) will be provided. Further,
there will ESP systems for plant de-dusting for different material transfer points.
Waste heat utilization has been envisaged for the preheated sinter mix before feeding
to sinter bed.
Blast Furnace
The measures envisaged for the blast furnaces, viz.
Coal Dust Injection (CDI).
Gas Cleaning System
Cast House Dedusting System:.
Mixer and De-sulphurisation Unit: A fume extraction system comprising of bag filter,
centrifugal fan etc will be provided for dust generated during mixing and
desulphurisation.
Steel Making and Primary Refining: Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF): Gas cleaning plant
will be provided. Secondary Refining: A fume extraction system will be provided
comprising of suction hood, associated duct, bag filter and centrifugal fan etc for the
dust generated during secondary refining.
Raw Material Handling Area: In RMH area dust extraction system will comprise of one
set of pulse jet type bag filter & centrifugal fan. Dust suppression system will also be
provided at various junction houses.
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
The environmental aspects will be monitored to ensure proper implementation and
effectiveness of various mitigative measures envisaged / adopted for the proposed
steel plant are:
Maintenance of Drainage System
Meteorology observations
Plant Stack Emissions Monitoring
Solid / Hazardous Waste Generation & Utilization inventorisation
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
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ES- 17
Green Belt Development implementation schedule
Occupational Health and Safety and House Keeping records
Effluent Quality report
Work Zone Air Quality and Work Zone Noise
Ambient Air Quality and Ambient Noise
Ground Water and Soil Monitoring
The estimated capital cost of the steel plant of AISL will be around Rs. 17,979 Crores
and the item wise estimated cost towards environmental protection and enhancement
measures are given in Table ES.6.
Table ES. 6: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures (Rs. Crores):
S
N
Environmental Protection Measures Recurring Cost per
annum
Capital Cost (Rs.
Crores)
1 Air Pollution Control 50 400
2 Water Pollution Control 15 80
3 Noise Pollution Control Included in item
no.1
Included in 1
4 Environment Monitoring Programme 0.46 5.0
5 Green Belt 0.10 8.0
6 Others (Solid waste management,
ventilation / air conditioning, fire fighting
etc.)
42 307.0
Total 107.56 800
Training Facilities
To achieve the objective of pollution control, training will be given to employees to
cover, Awareness of pollution control & environmental protection / management;
Operation and maintenance of specialised pollution control equipment; Field
monitoring, maintenance and calibration of pollution monitoring instruments;
Occupational health/safety, Disaster management, etc.
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
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ES- 18
6.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
Risk Assessment
AISL will be having a well-documented "On Site Disaster Management Plan".
Hazards shall be listed and risk assessment shall be carried out for complete plant
setup. SOP shall be prepared for preventive measures.
Socio-economic Assessment
People are happy with the peripheral developmental activities carried out by
AISL/MSPL & are looking for the same in future also. Overall peoples’ perception on
the project is good.
7.0 PROJECT BENEFITS
There shall be Improvements in physical & social infrastructure of the region.
There will be a positive employment and income effects, both direct as well as
indirect.
Peoples’ interest towards education will increase due to the expectation of getting
jobs.
There will be change in pattern of demand among people by way of shift from
food items to non-food items.
Increase in industrialisation in the vicinity of AISL, which will bring more skill
diversification among local people.
8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN – ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS
The implementation and monitoring of effectiveness of the environmental mitigation
measures during the operation phase will be assigned to the Environmental
Management Department of AISL. An Environmental Management Unit, comprising
of senior management level officers will periodically assess and monitor the
implementation of mitigation measures and environmental monitoring programme,
and tackle the bottlenecks of the implementation of mitigation measures.
9.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
In the plant design itself latest state of art technology has been envisaged so as to
achieve the air emissions and noise levels from plant operation and the effluent
quality below statutory norms. Further, maximum re-use and re-utilisation of
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
Executive Summary of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant & 295 MW CPP At Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka
ES- 19
generated solid waste and wastewater has been envisaged. The plant shall work on
zero discharge philosophy.
The EIA report has thoroughly assessed all the potential environmental impacts
associated with the project. The environmental impacts identified by the study are
manageable. Site specific and practically suitable mitigation measures are
recommended to mitigate the impacts. Further, a suitably designed monitoring plan
shall be provided to monitor and control the effectiveness of envisaged mitigation
measures during the operation phase.
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED
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CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
M/s AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED (AISL), is a flag ship company of Baldota
group of companies. The proposed integrated steel plant at Koppal shall be the most
modern, technologically efficient and eco-friendly integrated steel plant in India.
AISL intends to establish the Integrated Steel Plant of 3.5 MTPA along with 295 MW
power from waste gases. The proposed plant will be built within the company
acquired land. With this, AISL will be in a stronger position to supply a wide variety of
steel products to the consumers in South and Central India. The product mix that will
be offered by AISL will include flat products, long products, wire rods, re-bars,
besides the semis like billets, blooms and HRC.
This is an EIA / EMP report for the proposed Integrated Steel Plant of 3.5 MTPA
along with 295 MW power generating facility. The report is prepared as per the
procedure specified in 14th September 2006 Notification of Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF&CC).
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
In pursuance of Government of India policy vide Environmental (Protection) Act,
1986, any project necessitates statutory prior environmental clearance in
accordance with the objectives of National Environmental policy as approved by
the Union Cabinet on 18th May, 2006 and MoEF&CC EIA Notification dated
14.09.06, by preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report. All the Steel
plants are kept at S.N. 3(a) under Category A and are appraised at the Central level.
In view of the above, the EIA report has been prepared taking into consideration the
requirement and guidelines of statutory bodies and also client’s requirement.
The objective of the EIA study report is to take stock of the prevailing quality
of environment, to assess the impacts of proposed industrial activities on
environment and to plan appropriate environmental control measures to minimize
adverse impacts and to maximize beneficial impacts of proposed project. The
following major objectives have been considered:
Assess the existing status of environment.
Additional impacts, due to the proposed project
Suggest pollution control and ameliorative measures to minimize/reduce the impacts
Prepare an action plan for implementation of suggested ameliorative measures.
Suggest a monitoring programme to assess the efficacy of the various
adopted environmental control measures.
Assess financial considerations for suggested environmental control plans.
Clearances from statutory authorities
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1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT
1.2.1 Nature of the Project
The proposed project falls under Category ‘A’ (Sl. No. 3 (a) of Schedule: "Primary
and Secondary Ferrous Metallurgical Industries"). It intends to maintain production of
long and flat products based on BF-EOF/BOF route.
1.2.2 Size of the Project
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED (AISL), is a flag ship company of Baldota group
of companies and has proposed to establish an Integrated Steel Plant capacity 3.5
MTPA including 295 MW CPP from waste gases to meet growing domestic demand
of long/flat products in today’s market conditions. Further, size of the project is of
crucial importance for making it economically viable. At the same time the proposed
project will help in long term development of the region and the state of Karnataka.
1.2.3 Project Proponent
AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED(AISL) intend to establish an Integrated Steel
Plant at Koppal, Karnataka based on BF-EOF/BOF process route for steel making
and 295 MW CPP. MSPL a group company operates a 1.2 MTPA Pellet Plant on
adjacent land.
1.2.4 Importance of the Project
The Indian steel industry is poised for faster growth in the decades ahead as the
industrial and economic development of the country gains pace. The total steel
consumption of finished steel has been estimated to touch 120 MTPA in the year
2022 from the current level of over 100 MTPA compared to China’s (Our neighbor)
steel production of >500 MTPA. Even after approximately doubling the production
capacity, the per capita domestic consumption would continue to be substantially
below the world average of 197 Kg. Therefore, there is a good prospect of domestic
steel consumption growing at about 6 – 8% up to the year 2018. The national steel
policy has set a target of 110 million tonnes (MT) of steel production by 2020 and to
increase it to a level of 300 million tones by 2030. AISL is well positioned to fulfill its
role in the nation’s quest for higher growth and development in the new millennium.
The growth of the steel industry significantly contributes to economic growth of the
Nation as well as to the region, as it generates employment both directly and also
due to development of downstream industries. The infrastructural and other social
amenities grow in the region leading to overall development of the region.
1.2.5 Location of the Project
The GPS coordinate as observed for the plant centre is given below:
Longitude: 76o12’9.78” E, 76o13’58.16”E
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Latitude: 15o19’34.32”N, 15o20’52.49”N near Koppal district in the state of
Karnataka. The site is at a distance of 5 km WNW from Koppal, 30 km from Hospet
and about 320 km from Bangaluru by road. Nearest railway station to the steel plant
is Ginigera about 3.5 km. Broad gauge railway lines between Guntakal and Hubli are
passing through this station. The western port of Goa is 320 km. Location map is
shown as Fig. 1.1.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The Terms of Reference (TOR) has been finalized during the 2nd- 3rd July 2015
meeting of the reconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry) of Ministry of
Environment & Forest, Climate Change for preparation of EIA/EMP report for
Integrated Steel Plant (3.5 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (295 MW) near
villages Halavarthi, district Koppal, Karnataka.
1.4 BASIC DATA GENERATION, FIELD STUDIES AND DATA COLLECTION
This report has been prepared on the basis of one full season baseline
environmental data monitored and completed during March 2016 to May 2016 by
MoEF&CC recognized M/s Nilawar Laboratory, Nagpur. The data includes
meteorological conditions, ambient air quality, noise, water quality and soil quality.
Site survey has been conducted for studying the flora and fauna, socio-economic
conditions including public consultation, land use, hydrology, geology, ecology etc.
Additional information is also collected from several agencies and departments, both
under State and Central Governments pertaining to above.
The collected data have been analysed in detail for identifying, predicting and
evaluating the environmental impacts of the proposed project. The maximum
anticipated impacts on environment are assessed and suitable environmental
management plan has been suggested.
1.5 REPORT COVERAGE
The report provides information on the existing state of environmental conditions
vis-a-vis contribution of incremental pollution by the proposed plant. These
environmental factors include air quality, surface water & ground water quality, soil
quality, flora & fauna, agricultural pattern, health & welfare facilities, transport &
communication systems, socio-economic patterns etc. The report evaluates the
predicted impact of the proposed project activities on all the above factors. The
report also covers the various remedial measures considered by the plant
management like upgradation to technological processes, air and water pollution
control system, solid wastes re use opportunities, green belt development plans
along with the environmental management system proposed to be adopted by the
Company. A detailed coverage of background environmental quality, pollution
sources, anticipated environmental impacts (including socio-economic impacts) and
mitigation measures, environmental monitoring programme, additional studies,
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project benefits, environmental monitoring plan and all related aspects have been
covered in this report.
The report including this introduction chapter, includes:
Project Description
Description of the Environment
Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Analysis of Alternatives
Environmental Monitoring Programme
Additional Studies: (Public Consultation, Socio-economic Studies and
Risk Assessment Studies)
Project Benefits
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Summary and Conclusion
Disclosure of Consultant engaged
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Fig. 1.1a LOCATION OF SITE
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Fig. 1.1b LOCATION OF SITE
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CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Introduction
AARESS Iron & Steel Limited is a MSPL Group company and intends to establish 3.5
MTPA integrated steel plant including 295 MW CPP from waste gases at Village
Halavarthi, District Koppal (Karnataka). MSPL Limited is a flagship company of the
Baldota Group of Companies and is one of the largest iron ore mining company and
has the largest installed capacity of green energy in the country.
AARESS Iron & Steel Limited is a new company promoted by MSPL group to install
an integrated steel plant including a captive power plant at Koppal in Karnataka. The
process had started in 2007 itself when the purchase of land through KIADB at
Halavarthi, district Koppal, Karnataka had begun. Today the company is in
possession of 922.19 acres of land in the Ist phase and another 995.50 acres are in
the process of acquisition/purchase out of which about 65 acres purchased. The
company intends to install a 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant in two phases along
with 295 mw of power from waste gases. The first phase will be with a capacity of 1
million tons of crude steel finishing to long products catering to the alloy and special
steel market of India and abroad. The land required for the Ist phase is already in the
possession of company. The IInd phase will produce 2.5 MTPA of crude steel with a
separate set of facilities for hot rolled coils with downstream facilities of cold rolling,
coil processing and coating facilities. To improve the flexibility of the plant with
respect of fine iron ore, facilities of beneficiation of fine ore will be provided. This
report is for the total 3.5 MTPA integrated steel plant complex to be set up in two
phases.
Facilities Envisaged in the Steel Plant
The list of facilities as envisaged in this Feasibility Report is given below:
Sl.
No.
Plant Units Phase-I Phase-II Final Plant
Configuration
1 Coal Washery 1x3.0 MTPA - 1x3.0 MTPA
2 Ore Beneficiation Plant 1.2 MTPA - 1.2 MTPA
3 Pellet Plant with coal
gasifier unit
1x1.2 MTPA - 1x1.2 MTPA
4 Sinter Plant 1x144 m2
1.29 MTPA
1x324 m2
3.8 MTPA (1x144)+(1x324) m
2
5.09 MTPA gross sinter
5 Coke Oven 1x0.68 MTPA
2x55 Ovens 5.5
m tall
1x1.5 MTPA
2x65 Ovens 7.0 m
tall
2.1 MTPA Coke Oven
battery
2x55 ovens 5.5 m tall
2x65 ovens 7.0 m tall
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6 Blast Furnace 1x1681m3 BF
1.2 MTPA
1x3814 m3 BF 2.6
MTPA
1x1681m3+1x3814 m3
BF 3.8 MTPA hot metal
BF slag 343,000 788,000 1,131,000 tpa
7 SMS
a)
EOF(EnergyOptimizing
Furnace)/BOF (Basic
Oxygen Furnace)
2x65 t EOF 2x180 t BOF
furnaces
(2x65)t EOF+ 2x180t
BOF
b) LF (Ladle Furnace) 2x65 t 1x180 t 2x65 t +1x180 t
c) VD / RH Degasser 2x65 t VD 1x180 t RH
Degasser
2x65 t VD +1x180 t RH
Degasser
f)
Billet Caster/ Bloom
Caster
2x3 Billet
Caster +1x2
Bloom caster
- 2x3 Billet Caster +1x2
Bloom caster
h) Slab Caster - 2x1 strands slab
caster
(2x1) Strand
8. Billet & Bar Mill 0.25 MTPA - 0.25 MTPA
9. Bar & Rod Mill 0.60 MTPA - 0.60 MTPA
10. Hot Strip Mill - 2.5 MTPA slab
input
2.5 MTPA slab Input
11. Cold Rolling Mill with
continuous Pickling
Line
- 1.00 MTPA hot
coil input
1.00 MTPA hot coil
input
12. Hot Dip Galvanizing /
Galvalume Unit
- 0.4 MTPA CR coil
input
0.4 MTPA CR coil input
13. Colour Coating Unit - 0.2 MTPA
Galvanizing Coil
Input
0.2 MTPA Galvanizing
Coil Input
14. Oxygen Plant 1x550 TPD 1x1100 TPD 1650 TPD
15. Lime Plant (Out
Sourced)
2x300 TPD 1x600 TPD 1200 TPD
16. Dolo Plant (Out
Sourced)
1x300 TPD _ 300 TPD
17. Captive Power
Plant(CPP)
1x70 MW from
CFBC based
Boiler+ 6 MW
TRT from BF-1
2x100 MW
conventional based
on washed coal +
12 MW TRT +
7MW WHRB
based
295 MW CPP from
CFBC/WHRB/TRT/coal
reject/middling/washed
coal
18. Material Handling Plant
for both phase
Matching Matching Matching
TYPE OF PROJECT
The proposed project falls under Category ‘A’ (Sl.No. 3 (a) of Schedule : "Primary
and Secondary Ferrous Metallurgical Industries") of the “List of project or activities
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requiring prior environmental clearance” of MoEF&CC notification dated 14th
September, 2006 in connection with Environment (Protection) Rules 1986.
NEED FOR THE PROJECT
Steel being a basic commodity for all industrial activities, quantum of its consumption
is considered as an index of industrial prosperity. Since independence, there has
been a substantial growth in the steel production in India from 1.5 Mt in 1950-51 to
about 60 Mt in 2007-2008. Despite the above growth in the steel sector, the per
capita finished steel consumption continues to remain at a level of about 48 kg only,
compared to about 350 kg to 626 kg in the developed countries and 197 kg as world
average. Further, with nearly 20% of the world population, India’s contribution is only
of the order of 3.4% of world steel production. Hence, short-term and long-term
strategies are necessary in planning the development of the steel industry in the
country to improve the level of per capita steel consumption. While modernisation of
the existing steel plants in India may increase steel output marginally, setting up of
new steel plants facilities will be essential to meet the increasing steel demand. The
demand availability projections and product mix has been separately treated for alloy
and special steels in Phase-1 and carbon steel for phase-2.
The product mix envisaged for Phase-1 stage will be:
Sl. Type of Product Grades Size range
(mm)
Annual production
(Metric tons)
1 Bar Mill
Wire rod in coils DQ, BBQ, CHQ, BQ,
FCS, Spring steel
5.5-16 200,000
Bars in straight length ACS, CCS, BQ,
Spring Steel
16-69 400,000
Sub Total (a) 600,000
2 Billet Mill
Round bars ACS, CCS, BQ,
Spring Steel
60-200 150,000
Squares (RCS) ACS, CCS 60-200 50,000
Flats ACS, CCS, BQ,
Spring Steel
60-140 50,000
Sub Total (b) 250,000
Grand Total 850,000
The planned product mix at phase-2 is:
The tentative annual product mix at full rated capacity will be:
(1) Hot rolled coils for sale: 990,000 t
(2) Hot rolled cut Plates/sheets: 485,000 t
(3) Cold rolled coils and sheets: 567,000 t
(4) Galvanized coils and sheets (saleable): 180,000 t
(5) Colour coated coils and sheets: 190,000 t
-----------------
Total saleable steel products at Phase-2: 2,412,000 t
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The project is needed to increase Steel Production in the country as per National
Steel Policy to bridge the gap between demand and supply.
LOCATION
The steel plant is proposed to be located adjacent to NH-63 near Koppal and about
26 km from Hospet in Bellary district of Karnataka. It is adjoining the village
Halavarthi. The land profile is undulating and contours vary from lower value of 517.8
to 540.0 m. The area falls in the Survey of India topo sheet No. 57A/3. About 418 ha
of land (approximately 1935 m x 2164 m have already been acquired by the
company for the purpose of the project, which is sufficient for phase-1 project of 1
million ton alloy and special steel plant. For accommodating phase - 2 units
completely, the process of acquiring additional land is in progress. It is anticipated
that a total 775.89 ha of land would be finally available for meeting the entire need of
the 3.5 million ton project.
SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION
The project is of 3.5 MTPA Integrated Steel Plant in two phases along with 295 MW
of power from waste gases. The first phase will be with a capacity of 1 million tons of
crude steel finishing to long products catering to the alloy and special steel market of
India and abroad. The second phase will produce 2.5 MTPA of crude steel with a
separate set of facilities for hot rolled coils with down ward facilities of cold rolling, coil
processing and coating facilities. The process-cum-material flow for the proposed
plant is given in Fig. 2-1.
PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION
It is envisaged to complete the installation and commissioning of the plant equipment
for startup and production in 30 months for Phase-1 facilities. It is envisaged to
complete the installation and commissioning of the plant equipment for startup and
production in 36 months for Phase-2 facilities. The additional time is envisaged on
account of larger % of imported components at phase-2 and relative difficulty in
construction due to presence of an operating plant at the site. The time schedule is
from ZERO date which in this case is the date of placement of order for the major
plant equipment. This period will cover detailed engineering, supply, erection and
commissioning of the units.
The interspacing between the two phases is not certain at the present. It will depend
on the market demand of steel flat product and prices as well as the availability of
funds from institutional sources. Generally a spacing of 2-3 years is expected
between commissioning of one phase and start of construction of the next phase.
From that point of view, the full 3.5 million ton phase of the plant could be completed
in about 8 years’ time from the phase-1 zero date.
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2.7 GENERAL LAYOUT AND TRANSPORTATION
The land requirement of the project is summarized below:
Sl. Description Unit Phase-1 Phase1 +2
1 Total area envisaged Ha 418 712
2 Steel plant including CPP Ha 189.3 322.67
3 Green belt Ha 129.17 256.0
4 Water pond area Ha 10.4 23.6
5 Road area Ha 29 38.63
6 Area for rail track,
conveyors etc
Ha 31.9 56.02
7 Total built up area Ha 256.2 432.32
8 Built up area out of total
area
% 63.44 64.04
The proposed general lay out of the steel plant for both the phases is given in the
drawing ENV/AISL/FR/GL/001(R-2) enclosed.
Adjacent to the raw material storage yard, the plant railway yard has been planned.
This 2 km long yard is planned on side of units consuming bulk raw materials roughly
at the centre of the total 3.5 million site running from north to south. Initially, it will
cater to phase-1 and then would be extended to cater to phase-2. The railway yard
will be connected to the present Ginigera railway station (on the Bellary – Hubli line)
which is 17 Km from Hospet. Ginigera station facilities and yards are being expanded
by Railways as a part of doubling of Hospet-Hubli line for ease of connectivity with
Bellary-Hospet area with Goa port.
Road facilities
7.0 m wide (2 lane) road with side shoulders of 2 m width and side drain (11 m ROW)
is proposed around the main plant units and for the raw material storage yard.
2 x 7 m (Four lane) roads with drains and shoulders of 4 m as above and raised
median strip of 1.5 m wide (21 m ROW) is proposed from NH up to the Raw material
storage yard.
The area will also have some minor roads –single lane (7 m ROW)
Trees will be planted on both sides of main roads and in the median of the two main
arterial roads.
The paved areas /hard standing have been planned for storage areas and
approaches to the individual shops/units.
Rail transport equipment proposed to be acquired by the plant is envisages to be as
follows:
(1) 700 HP Diesel Loco 2+2 (Phase-1 & 2)
(2) Internal wagons BOX/BOXN 58 tons: 40 (Phase-2)
(3) Rail weigh bridge 100 t capacity 1
Raw Material Handling & Storage Facilities
The proposed raw material handling plant is located south of the water reservoir and
will be used in both phase-1 and phase-2. It will cover receipt, unloading, storage and
supply of various raw materials to all the units. In order to meet the raw material
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requirement for the proposed steel plant, the raw material handling facilities shall be
planned to cater to the present requirement of the 1 million ton stage and will be so
conceived to enable scaling of facilities to cater to the requirement of the 2.5 million
stage of phase-2.
The raw materials of the various units will be received by railway wagons or by
trucks. For unloading of raw materials two number of wagon tipplers are envisaged at
the wagon tippler complex. Two numbers of boom type stacker cum re-claimer are
envisaged at phase -1. One will be basically for ore and the other for coal and lime
stone/dolomite. At phase-2, all the beds will be expanded and would utilize the
available area. A second set of two stackers cum re-claimers will be installed to meet
the increased material handling load. Shovels also will be used at phase-2 for
reclaiming lime stone and dolomite. The tentative capacity envisaged for each of the
stacker cum re-claimer will be: For iron ore and lime stone: stacking 1100 tph and
reclaiming 800 tph. For coal: stacking: 900 tph and reclaiming 500 tph. The locations
of the different beds are indicated in the General layout drawing.
2.8 TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS DESCRIPTION
The material flow charts for the major technological units starting from raw materials
to finished products for both the phases are given in AISL/FR/Material Flow R-1
(sheets 1 through 4). The brief description of the major units and the main
technological indices are given in the sections below:
2.8.1 Coke Oven Batteries:
Top charging by-product recovery type Coke Oven Batteries have been envisaged for
both the phases of the steel plant for supply of coke for the blast furnaces. 2 nos. of 5
m tall batteries at phase-1 and 2 nos. of same size batteries have been envisaged at
phase-2 for uniformity of design & operation and battery machines. The batteries will
be by-product recovery type, twin flue under-jet, regenerative design with fire clay
and silica construction. Dry Quenching of coke with an emergency provision of wet
quenching will be provided for each battery pair at each phase. The following are the
main features of each of the four coke oven batteries.
1. By-Product type Battery size: Two Batteries, 69 ovens each, 5 m tall battery at
each phase.
2. Battery dimensions (Typical):15.04 m x 0.410 m x 5 m
3. Oven useful dimensions 14.3 m x 0.410 (0.39/0.43)m x 4.7 m
4. Useful Chamber volume 27.3 m3
5. Coking time 18 hrs.at phase-1. In phase -2 all the four batteries will operate at
16.9 h coking period.
6. No. of pushing per day per battery: 92 in phase-1 and 98 in phase-2.
7. Dry Coal throughput per day/Battery 1883.7 t (Phase-1); 2000.6 (Phase-1 & 2)
Analysis of blended coking coal: Moisture: 8% (max); Ash: 10-14%; VM: 23-24%;
S: 0.58% (max): FCI: .5-4.5: LTGK: F to G; Fluidity:300-4000 ddpm; Reflectance:
1.12(Min)
8. Dry Coal throughput per year/Battery: 687,550 t (Phase-1) 732,391t (Phase-1&2)
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9. Gross coke yield from imported coking coal blend 72.4% (Phase-1); 72.7%
(Phase-2)
10.Gross coke per year /battery 4,97,787 t (Phase-1) 5,32,448 t (Phase-1&2)
11 BF coke (+25 mm) yield from coal input 63.8% (Phase-1)63.8% (Phase-2) Coke
Quality envisaged: Ash: 16-18%; CSR: 65 (Min); CRI: 21 (max)
12 BF Coke per year /battery 4,38,657 t (Phase-1) 4,67,265 t (Phase-1 & 2)
13 By-Products generation:
(a) Coke Oven gas: 25,150 Nm3/Hr per Battery in Phase-1; 26,778 Nm3/Hr per
Battery in Phase-2
(b) The annual generation of other by-products is given below:
Sl. Item Unit At Phase-1 At Phase-2
Per battery For the twin
Battery
Per battery For the twin
Battery
1 Ammonium
Sulphate
t/yr 7,563 15,124 8055 32,220
2 Crude tar t/yr 21,314 42,628 22,774 91,096
3 Sulphur Cake t/yr 820 1640 873 3492
2.8.2 Sintering Plant and Auxiliaries
2.8.2.1 The Blast furnaces of the steel plant in both the phases will use about 77% of iron
bearing materials as iron ore sinter. The rest will be lump ore in phase-1 and large
quantity of the lump ore will be replaced by acid pellets at phase-2 with the
commissioning of the new pellet plant proposed as a part of the steel plant complex.
It is proposed to install one sinter plant at each phase to take care of the input
requirement of the blast furnace installed and the size/ capacity of the sinter plant has
been envisaged to match the blast furnace requirement.
2.8.2.2 Technical Characteristics of the sintering plants
The following are the main characteristics of the sintering plants proposed at Phase-1
and Phase-2.
Sl.
No.
Parameter Phase-1: (SP-1) Phase-2: (SP-2)
1 Sinter machine type Dwight Lloyd type
with circular cooler
Dwight Lloyd type
with circular cooler
2 Sintering machine grate area 144 m2 360 m2
3 Productivity 1.4 t/m2/h 1.35 t/m2/h
4 No. of days working per year 330 330
5 No. of hours/day working 24 24
6 Gross Sinter production per
year
1,596,000 t 3,850,000t
7 Ignition energy from mixed gas 15,000 Kcal/t of
sinter
15,000 Kcal/t of
sinter
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8 Under grate suction 1650 mm WC 1650 mm WC
9 Height of the sinter bed 700 mm 700 mm
10 Cooler Circular with heat
recovery system
11 Maximum Dust in exhaust gas
going to stacks attached to
ESPs and bag filters.
40 mg/Nm3 40 mg/Nm3
12 Temperature of cooled sinter < 100 Degree C < 100 Degree C
13 Sinter returned from BF 10% max 10% max
14 Air pollution measured to be
taken
4/5 field ESP for
the main sinter
machine ; 4 field
ESP for extracting
dust from fugitive
emissions in the
sintering area and
separate bag filter
systems for
extracting dust
from isolated dusty
areas.
4/5 field ESP for the
main sinter machine;
2 Nos. 4 field ESP
for extracting dust
from fugitive
emissions in the
sintering area and
separate bag filter
systems for
extracting dust from
isolated dusty areas.
2.8.2.3 Technical Parameters of the sintering machines
Sl. No. Item Specification
Phase-1 Phase-2
1 Sintering area (m2) 144 360
2 Pallet width (m) 3m 4 m
3 Side wall height (mm) 700 (max. bed height
650 mm)
730 (max. bed height
700 mm)
4 Speed of the machine
(m/min)
0.5 to 1.7 1.5 to 6.0
5 Ignition Furnace length
(m)
3m 5m including extended
hood
6 Burners 2 rows of roof mounted
burners
As per selected m/c
design.
7 Fuel Mixed gas (2000
Kcal/Nm3)
Mixed gas (2000
Kcal/Nm3)
8 Under grate suction (mm) 1400 1650
2.8.2.4 Pollution Control arrangements at the Sintering plant
4 or 5 Field ESP to de-dusting of the main sintering plant waste gas to the off gas
chimney – 80 m installed for each machine at each phase.
4 Field ESP for de-dusting of all transfer points, proportioning building, sintering
building, circular cooler and screen room points where dust is generated and are
covered with dust collection hoods to 50 m chimney for each unit of sintering.
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Units located at further points like FFC unit and FS unit and underground hoppers to
have separate dust extraction systems comprising of bag filters, exhaust fan and 30
m chimneys with attached dust humidifiers.
The chimney outlet waste gases will have less than 40 mg/Nm3 of dust content.
All collected dust from hoppers below the ESPs and bag filters will be moistened and
reused in the sintering process.
Water will be recycled after passing through settling and oil removal.
2.8.3 Iron Ore Fine Beneficiation Plant
(1) It has been decided subsequent to preparation of the PFR for the project to
skip the new pellet plant of 1.2 million ton capacity in the final FR. The total lump
ore/pellet requirement of the plant after completion of both the phases at 3.5 million
ton stage will be about 1.5 million tons. The capacity of the pellet plant already
installed in the project site through a group company is 1.2 million ton per annum
which can be increased marginally also. In view of this, the entire lump ore required
by the plant at both stages can be more or less met through acid pellet input from this
sister unit. However, the quality of fines (in terms of Fe %) is generally poor in
Karnataka. It will be imperative therefore to use low grade fines at least partly as
input iron ore for sintering process after beneficiation. At the same time, the cost and
space required to process the discards in iron ore beneficiation unit (materials with
less than 40% Fe) are constraints to increase the capacity of beneficiation operation.
(2) As a compromise, it is envisaged that for the fine ore feed of the plant at both
the phases 50% of the input fines will of grades lower than 60% which will be
beneficiated and blended with better grade fines (around 64% Fe) to obtain an
average Fe% in the sinter feed fine ore at 62.1% as envisaged in the sinter plants. .
(3) The annual fine ore requirements (net and dry) for the sinter plants at
planned production levels at rated capacity for both the phases are given below:
Phase-1: 1,292,760 t
Phase-2: 2,949,748 t
Total 4,242,508 t
It was also noted that the group operates two mines in the Hospet sector: Viom High
grade deposit (Fe: +65%) output around 1.6 million tons per year and Iyli (captive
mine) a comparatively poorer grade deposit (Fe- 56-60%) 0.5 million tons production
per year. But the present rule of selling iron ore in Karnataka through open auction,
does not guarantee the AISL plant to receive ore supply from captive group sources.
Further, the reserves in both the deposits are limited and cannot cater to the need of
the plant for a very long period. So even for phase-1 facilities, AISL plant will have to
procure iron ore from the neighborhood and include poorer ores also to keep the
landed cost of ore at economic levels.
(4) It is therefore envisaged that the fines to be used would be a blend of direct
use fines and beneficiated low grade fines. A 50:50 ratio is envisaged. The reduction
in the beneficiated fines in the total ore fines will also reduce the extent of rejects.
The rejects (with Fe <40%) as per environmental requirement need to dewatered,
relocated to assigned dumps and treated for green cover.
(5) It is therefore envisaged to procure about 2.3 million ton fines with +64% Fe
and 3.361 million ton fines of Fe% in the range of 55-56%. The lower grade ore to be
beneficiated to yield maximum of sinter grade fines (2.2 million tons) and a small
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quantity will be further beneficiated through magnetic separation to yield pellet grade
beneficiated fine ore which can be converted to pellets at the pellet plant run by the
group company. It may be seen that the scheme proposed is flexible enough to
beneficiate the Iyli ore to sinter grade and pellet grade feeds if required.
It may be seen from above that the capacity of the beneficiation process after phase-
1 and Phase-2 has been envisaged as 3.361 million ton of fine ore throughput. The
input will be Fine iron ore (-) 10 mm with Fe% ranging between 55-56%. This ore will
be primarily upgraded to sinter grade fines of about 60% Fe and the small quantity of
the tailings of the primary beneficiation process will be upgraded to +64% Fe pellet
feed concentrate in the secondary magnetic concentration plant with or without ball
mill grinding. It is envisaged that the both the beneficiation plants would operate
312.5 days in a year and 24 hours a day giving 7500 operating hours in a year.
A. Inputs and Outputs (In terms of dry ore) after phase-1 and 2 facilities.
Item Annual tons Tons per hour % Fe
Input Ore
(-)10 mm low grade ore 3361,000 448.1 56.5
Output ore
+ 8 mm fraction to lump
stock
336,000 44.8 56.5
Beneficiated fines 2,252,250 300.3 60.12
Tailings for further
beneficiation
772,500 103 49.88
It is envisaged that the sinter fine beneficiation unit will be able to upgrade fine ore
from an average analysis of Fe 56.5 to 60% with about 23% as tailings with less than
50% (49.88% Fe has been tentatively calculated) Fe. Such material however cannot
be discarded now as per current mining regulations and the net quantity of discards
needs to be limited to keep disposal costs of discards at a reasonably low level.
So treating these discards with Wet High Intensity magnetic Separation (WHIMS)
process is envisaged. The product of such separation would be essentially fine
grained and can be employed as pellet making feed only. For up gradation of 49.88%
Fe fine ore to a minimum 64% Fe material for pellet plant feed proper liberation of the
Fe bearing mineral will be needed. In the absence of any test report of the material to
be actually used, it is difficult to say whether it would be possible to upgrade to this
extent without grinding. However, recent tests with slimes derived from the tailing
ponds of fine washing plants of several iron ore mines have shown that generally it is
possible to upgrade the slimes without any further grinding. Even then it is desirable
to provide flexibility in the magnetic beneficiation unit. So in this report two circuits of
beneficiation have been envisaged. The first circuit uses the slimes without any
further grinding. The steps are de-sliming with hydro cyclones, followed by magnetic
separation in two WHIMS machines. The concentrate as well as tailings are
thickened in separate thickeners and the thickened products are dewatered to 10%
maximum moisture in two separate filter presses. In the second circuit, the slimes are
first ground in a ball mill and then de-slimed in hydro cyclone followed by two stage
concentration with WHIMS.
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The concentrate after de-watering in a press filter will be converted to pellets. The
tailings which would contain less than 40% Fe will also be dewatered in press filters
and temporarily dumped in the assigned area inside the plant. But for environmental
reasons, these would have to be subsequently shifted to mine site to fill in abandoned
mine areas.
2.8.4 The Blast Furnace Complexes
2.8.4.1 The Blast furnace complexes in the two phases will comprise of:
Phase-1: Blast furnace of 1680 m3 useful volume along with auxiliaries.
Phase-2: Blast furnace of 3814 m3 useful volume along with auxiliaries.
In phase-1 the blast furnace will operate with sinter, lump ore or partially pellets,
coke, coal dust, fluxes and other additives. In phase-2, depending on the
commissioning of the pellet plant (1.2 million ton capacity), the lump ore will be
mostly replaced with pellets.
2.8.4.2 Technological Parameters of the Blast Furnaces
The technological parameters envisaged in the two blast furnaces as envisaged in
the two phases are summarized in the table below:
Sl.
No.
Parameter Phase-1 Phase-2
Blast Furnaces Envisaged
1 Useful volume (m3) 1680 3814
2 Productivity envisaged (t/m3/day) 2.0 2.0
3 Production per day (tons) 3360 7628
4 No. operating days per year 350 350
5 Gross Hot metal production per
year (tons)
1,176,000 2,669,800
6 Coke rate dry at belt/skip
(Kg/THM)
420 420
7 Screening loss from BF coke to
skip coke (%)
10 10
8 CDI rate (Kg/THM) 150 155
9 Slag rate (Kg/THM); dry
granulated
280 280
10 Gross granulated slag (10%
moisture) Kg/THM
308 308
11 Slag basicity 0.96 0.96
12 Top pressure (Atmosphere) 1.5 2.0
13 Hot blast temperature Deg. C 1200 maximum
(operating 1050-
1100 Deg. C)
1250 maximum
(operating 1100 -
1150 Deg. C)
14 Blast humidity (gm/Nm3) 40-45 45-50
15 Blast volume Nm3/THM 1030 1030
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16 Blast furnace gas generation
(Nm3/THM)
1680 1680
17 CV of BF gas 810 800
18 Stoves 3 4
19 Stove type Vertical, ceramic
vertical burners,
silica dome.
Vertical, ceramic
vertical burners,
silica dome.
20 Skull and ladle loss from gross to
net hot metal
2.5% 2.5%
21 PCM yield from net Hot metal 92% 92%
22 TRT rating 6 MW 12 MW
2.8.4.3 The specific and quantitative consumption of major raw materials in the two blast
furnaces are given below:
Sl.
No.
Parameter Phase-1: BF-1 Phase-2: BF-2 Total
requirement at
Phase-2 (t/yr)
1 Iron Ore Lump/Pellets
(Kg/THM)
390 (458,640) 390(1,041,222) 1,499,862
2 Skip Sinter(Kg/THM) 1290(1,516,200) 1289(3,441,372) 5,017,572
3 Skip/Belt Coke (Kg/THM) 420(493,920) 420(1,121,316) 1,615,236
4 CDI Coal (Kg/THM) 150(176,400) 150(400,470) 576,870
5 Lime stone (Raw) (Kg/THM) 85(99,960) 85(226,933) 326,893
6 Dolomite (Raw) (Kg/THM) 70(82,320) 70(186,886) 269,206
7 Mn Ore (Kg/THM) 6(7,056) 6(16,018) 23,074
8 Quartzite (Kg/THM) 24(28,224) 24(6,405) 34,629
The details of technological characteristics of the input raw materials and the
products from the blast furnace complex Viz. Hot metal (Liquid iron); granulated slag
and blast furnace gas as plant fuel are given in Chapter.
Both the blast furnaces will have coal dust injection systems with oxygen enrichment
of blast to support higher coal injection rates and top recovery turbines to recover the
energy of the high pressure top gases before scrubbing and reducing to near
atmospheric pressure.
2.8.4.4 Environment control measures envisaged in the Blast Furnace Complexes
(a) Air Pollution Control
Blast furnace off gas is a valuable fuel. It is removed of its dust load first at the dust
catchers, which is basically a cyclone separator to precipitate bigger dust particles.
The gas is further washed at the gas cleaning units. The cleaned blast furnace gas
(with dust content less than 5 mg/Nm3) is fit to be a fuel for use in gas burners and is
used in stove heating and as a general plant fuel for reheating of as mixed gas after
mixing with coke oven gas and Converter gas (after phase-2). The off gases of
furnaces using these gases burnt with air do not require any further dust separation
units.
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The Blast furnace hot metal and slag runners are planned to be covered with
retractable covers as now internationally practiced. The cast house and the area
around tuyeres would have de-dusting hoods to suck the ambient air and to clean
those in ESPs or bag filter houses. Both are possible and used and would depend on
the final economics. The other dusty areas of the blast furnace like the stock house,
junction houses etc. will have suction hoods leading to Bag filters and 40 m height
chimneys. Closed dusty areas which are wide and are difficult to cover with hoods will
be kept dust free by employing dry fog process. In some open areas simple spray de-
dusting can keep dust away.
Each of the slag granulation boxes will have a stainless steel 40 m chimney to let out
the granulation stream.
The solid dust recovered from the blast furnace complexes (called flue dust) are
collected and used as source of iron and fluxes in the sintering machine charge mix.
These are sent to the dedicated areas of the sintering plant.
(b) Water pollution control
(1) The blast furnace and stove cooling water is clean water involved in indirect cooling.
This water is cooled in cooling towers and re-circulated.
(2) The gas cleaning plant water is laden with dust. The dirty water is first clarified in
circular clarifiers and then passed through oil removal unit before re-use.
(3) The granulated slag comes out of the granulation boxes in the form of water slurry.
This slurry is de-watered in rotary filters. The filtrate water is filtered again and cooled
and re-used with addition of makeup water.
The solid recovered from gas cleaning plant water treatment also contains iron oxide
and used in sintering plants and later in the pelletizing plant as charge mix.
(c) Other solid wastes
(1) Most of the scrap, jams and iron muck are sent to the steel melting units for re-
melting.
(2) All blast furnace slag is granulated, de-watered and used in cement plants along with
conventional cement clinkers to be ground for making Blast furnace slag cement.
(3) Refractory wastes: Major arising of refractory wastes is at the time of blast furnace or
stove relining and capital repairs. Otherwise major refractory waste arising is from the
ladle repair shop from de-bricking of ladles. Some bricks are re-used, some ground to
mortar and those mixed with slag or muck are dumped for filling.
2.8.5 Steel Making Facilities
For phase-1 facility, Energy Optimizing Furnace (EOF) process of steel making has
been selected along with bloom and billet continuous casting. In phase-2, the steel
making process of choice is Basic Oxygen Converter Furnace (BOF) process with
continuous casting of slabs.
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2.8.5.1 Facilities envisaged at Phase-1are:
2 Nos. of 50/55 ton Energy Optimizing Furnaces (EOF)
1300 t inactive mixer or 300 t torpedo ladles (2 Nos.)
Ladle refining furnace of 55 tons capacity
Vacuum degassing unit of 55 ton capacity.
Bloom caster (1 No.)
Billet caster (2 Nos.)
The parameters of the EOF shop are envisaged as
Sl.
No.
Parameter Phase-1 Remarks
1 Nominal heat size 50 t (55 t max)
2 Tap to tap time 45 minutes
3 Heats per day from both the
EOFs
60 ( 64 max)
4 Operating days per year 320-340 15-16 days down time per
year.
5 Annual production of liquid
steel from the shop
960,000-
1,020,000 t
Av. 1,000,000 t
6 Average yield of liquid steel
from metallic inputs.
83.8%
The other facilities in the EOF shop will include:
(a) Hot metal handling system including the mixer, the open top ladles/torpedo
ladles and the de-sulphurization station.
(b) Scrap storage and handling yard
(c) Flux and Ferro-alloy handling system including the overhead bulk material
bunkers and Ferro-alloy bunkers.
(d) Steel handling in steel ladles placed on self propelled transfer cars for passing
to the LRFs and VD and then to the Continuous casting bay.
(e) Slag handling by dumping on the ground, cooling of slag and removal with
dozers.
(f) Gas cooling and cleaning.
The specific consumption of incoming materials in the EOF furnace is given
below:
Sl.
No.
Parameter Specific Consumption
1
Hot Metal (Kg/TLS) 824
Steel /Cast Iron scrap (Kg/TLS) 185
DRI/Sponge iron (Kg/TLS) 185
Calcined lime (Kg/TLS) 80
Calcined Dolomite (Kg/TLS) 25
Oxygen (Nm3/TLS) 70
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Petroleum coke (Kg/TLS) 2
De-oxidant Ferro-alloys (Kg/TLS) 10
Aluminum (Kg/TLS) 1
Ca-silicide (Kg/TLS) 0.2
Alloying elements (Kg/TLS) 10
Refractory (Kg/TLS) 20
The details of the caster to be installed in Phase-1 with the EOF shop are as follows:
Sl. No Item Unit Bloom caster Parameters
Billet caster Parameters
1 Heat size T 55 55
2 Type of CCM - Radial with curved mould
Radial with curved mould
3 Designed section size sq. mm 200 x 200 to 350 x 350 150 x 150 – 250 x 250
4 Basic radius of the machine M 12 9
5 Straightening method Multi radius Multi radius
6 Average section to be cast mm x mm
300 x300 160 x 160
7 Casting speed for average section
m/min 0.6 2.5
8 Casting time Min 45 45
9 Casting practice Sequence casting Sequence casting
10 Heats in a sequence Nos. 4 05/06/16
11 Machine preparation time Min 45 45
12 No. of strands 2 4 for each machine
13 Ladle turret Lift able type Lift able type
14 Tundish Equipped with slide gate
Equipped with slide gate
15 Mould type and length Copper plate assembled mould , 900 mm
Copper plate assembled mould , 900 mm
16 Strand guide Curved, secondary cooling segment.
Curved, secondary cooling segment.
17 Withdrawal and straightening unit
DC drive, Hydraulically operated.
DC drive, Hydraulically operated.
18 Gas cutting unit Automatic oxy acetylene cutting torches
Automatic oxy acetylene cutting torches
19 Dummy bar Flexible type with bottom feeding arrangement
Flexible type with bottom feeding arrangement
20 Run out roll table AC individual driven rollers.
AC individual driven rollers.
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21 Marking unit Automatic. Automatic.
22 Bloom cutting length M 7 9/12/16
23 Yield of cast bloom from liquid steel
% 96 (average) 96 (average)
24 Caster working days Days 320 320
2.7.5.2 Steel making and casting facilities envisaged in Phase-2 are:
(1) The BOF shop comprising of
2x1300 t in-active mixers with provision of desulphurization of hot metal.
Scrap storage and handling system including baling press for processing light scraps.
2x150 tons BOF converters with bulk material feeding arrangement to overhead
charging bins, lance handling system, Ferro-alloy addition bins with chutes.
BOF gas collection, cleaning, cooling, recovery system including BOF gas holder.
2x150 t ladle Furnaces for temperature adjustment, desulphurization and trimming
addition for chemistry adjustment.
1x150 ton RH vacuum degassing unit of steel.
The qualities of steel envisaged to be produced in the BOF shop will include: (1) Mild
Steel (2) Low carbon steels (3) Medium carbon steels (4) Deep drawing quality steels (5)
Carbon constructional steels (6) Boiler grade steels (7) Galvanizing quality steels (8) Tin
plate quality steels.
(2) The basic parameters of the BOF shop is given below:
Sl.
No.
Parameter Phase-2
1 Mixers 2 x 1300t
2 Torpedo ladles Yes
3 Converters 2 x 150 t Both operating together
4 Nominal heat size 150 t
5 Tap to tap time 48 minutes
6 Heats per day from the shop 30
7 Operating days per year 300
8 Production of liquid steel 2,700,000
9 Casters : 2 nos. slab casters1650 mm wide
10 Consumption of metallic materials 1127 kg/TLs
11 Lining life with slag splashing 10,000 heats
12 Slag rate 120 kg/TLs
13 BOF gas rate 115 Nm3/TLs
14 BOF gas Calorific value 2000 Kcal/Nm3
15 Yield of cast slab from Liquid steel 95%
Specific Consumption of inputs
1 Hot Metal (Kg/TLs) 965
2 Scrap (Kg/TLs) 72
3 DRI/HBI(Kg/TLs) 90
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4 Burnt Lime/Dolo(Kg/TLs) 80
5 Oxygen (Nm3/TLs) 55
6 Nitrogen (Nm3/TLs) 30
7 Argon (Nm3/TLs) 1.2
8 Compressed air (Nm3/TLs) 20
9 Make up water (m3/TLS) 0.8
10 Power (KWH/TLS) 60
11 Steam (Kg/TLS) 95
12 Addition of Fe-alloys for de-oxidation
(Kg/TLS)
10
13 BOF gas used in the shop (Nm3/TLS) 2.5
14 Make up water (m3/TLS) 0.8
15 Consumption of desulphurization compound
(Kg/THM) processed Passivated Magnesium
powder Lime Powder
0.6
5.0
(3) The details of the slab casters are given below:
Sl.
No.
Parameter Value
1 No. of casters 2
2 Heat size (liquid steel) 150 t
3 Caster type Multipoint liquid core bending with
straight Mould.
4 No. of strands 1 x 1
5 Machine radius Tentatively 10,500 mm with multi point
unbending)
6 Mould type Vertical mould
7 No. of tundish cars 2 Nos.
8 Slab width (design) 950-1650 mm
9 Slab thickness 200-250 mm
10 Width changing On line changing facility to be provided
11 Slab length 7500 to 10,500 mm
12 Casting time of a heat 35-40 minutes
13 Machine preparation time (re-
stranding)
50 minutes
14 Yield (Liquid to slab) 98.5% (design)
15 Tundish practice Hot tundish
16 Liquid stream protection Refractory shroud between ladle and
tundish. And SEN between tundish and
mould
17 Dummy bar Flexible chain type – bottom fed
18 Mould oscillation Hydraulic mould oscillator suitable to
quick change practice
19 Mould level control Automatic mould level controller (Eddy
current type)
20 Secondary cooling Air mist/spray cooling (as per technology
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provider.
21 Soft reduction of strand Dynamic control
22 Gas cutting machine Oxy-Propane gas based
23 Slab identification Automatic slab marking machine
24 Slab discharge Roller table
25 Process control PLC controlled
26 Sequence casting Should be 10 heats approx.
27 Flying tundish Machine should be designed for flying
tundish also
28 No. of working days for Slab Caster 320 days
2.8.5.3 Environmental control measures envisaged in the steel making processes at both the
phases of the steel plant.
2.8.5.3.1 For EOF process, the following measures are envisaged for prevention of air and
water pollution.
The air pollution control measures include:
(1) The cooling and cleaning of the EOF waste gas. This gas has no heating value
and the cooled and cleaned gas is let out through a tall chimney of about 60m height.
The gas cleaning plant is envisaged to be of wet type and comprise of (a) refractory
lined down comer (b) quenching chamber (c) venturi (d) Cyclone separator (e) ID
fans and Chimney. Each of the two EOF furnaces is provided a separate gas
cleaning and cooling system with separate chimney of 50m height. The outlet of the
GCP is dirty water which is further treated.
(2) Maintaining the shop atmosphere and prevention of fugitive dust in the air is done
by installing suction hoods in all dusty places and use of bag filters to clean the dusty
air before release through medium height chimney (40-50 m)
(3) The fumes of the Ladle furnaces and VOD are also collected through a duct,
cooled in air cooled tubes and cleaned in bag filter houses before release through
chimneys.
Water pollution control in EOF shop
The dirty water from the waste gas cleaning plants in EOF shop is conveyed to a
thickener after dozing with chemicals for settling. The clear water from the thickener
is cooled in cooling tower and pumped back to the system. The collected mud has
60-70% Iron and is used in sintering plant and later in the pellet plant.
The cooling water for the furnace parts are clean water which are cooled in cooling
towers and re-circulated.
2.8.5.3.2 BOF shop
The BOF waste gas has valuable heat value and is re-used after cleaning and
cooling of the gas. For this project a dry type of gas cooling and cleaning system has
been envisaged. The system is described before. The cleaned BOF gas with a
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residual dust content less than 5mg/Nm3 is used as plant fuel in combination with
Coke Oven gas and Blast furnace gases and can be burnt with air with waste gas let
off without any pre-treatment.
The BOF shop also will have dust collecting hoods in particularly dust stressed areas
like the bulk material handling platform and transfer chutes the dust laden collected
air will be cleaned with bag filters. The areas like BOF furnace hoods and up-comer
will have evaporative cooling systems and would use DM water.
2.8.5.3.3 Pollution control measures at Continuous casting units.
The main treatment is for water. The strand cooling water is dirty laden with mill
scale. The water for each of the bloom/billet casters and the slab casters is collected
in scale pits for the scales to settle and the clear water overflows and is pumped to an
oil removing units after which the water is cooled and re-used. The scale is collected
from the pits with grab cranes and the scales are used in the sintering plants as
valuable Fe input.
The mould and machine cooling water used in the continuous casting machines are
used for indirect cooling and only needs cooling at cooling towers before re-use.
2.8.6 The hot rolling Mills
(1) It is proposed to install two hot rolling mills at Phase-1 to produce special and
alloy steel billets, bars and wire rods in the size range from 6.5 mm dia. to 200
mm dia for meeting the requirement of various special steel consumers and
industries. At phase-2, where flat products would be the line of products, a hot
strip mill to roll cast slabs to strips in the size range of 800-1550 mm and
thickness of 1.6 to 12 mm will be installed.
(2) The major parameters of the two hot rolling mills envisaged to be installed at
Phase-1(1 million ton facility) are given below:
Sl.
No.
Item Unit Bar & Rod Mill Billet & Bar Mill
1 Type of Mill Single strand
continuous mill
Single strand mill
2 Capacity of the Mill t/y 600,000 250,000
3 Rolling (operating ) speed
max
m/s 16 for bar dia. 16 mm,
110 for 5.5 to 8.0 mm
rods
4 No. of operating days in a
year (availability)
Days
/year
300 300
5 Shifts/day 3 3
6 Hot rolling hours Hrs 6000 5000
7 Utilization of available hours % 83 69.5
8 Reheating Furnace (Single) Walking beam type 150
t/hrs nominal capacity
Walking beam type 150 t/hrs
nominal capacity
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9 Input billets/Blooms 160 x160 x 12000;
2400 Kg
160-350 mm Square; 4-6 m
10 Fuel for reheating Mixed gas : CV 1900-
2000 Kcal/Nm3
Mixed gas : CV 1900-2000
Kcal/Nm3
11 Annual billet required t 625,000 260,000
12 Finished product size range Straight length
products:
Rounds16-60 mm
Wire rod in coils 5.5 to
16 mm
Bundle weight: 3000-
5000 Kg
Coil weight: 2500 kg
Coil ID: 860 mm ; Coil
OD: 1250 mm
Straight length products:
Rounds/RCS: 60-200mm
dia/sides. Flats 60-140 mm
13 Billet to product yield % 96 96
14 Specific Fuel Consumption GCal/T
of
billets
0.55 0.75
15 Specific Power consumption KWH/t 60 100
(3) The technical parameters of the Hot Strip Mill envisaged to be installed at Phase-2
with 2.5 million ton facilities are given below:
Sl.
No.
Item Unit Parameter
1 Type of Mill - Six stand 4 high finishing train with 4 high
reversing universal roughing stands and a coil
box. Two coilers; facilities of AGC; Work roll
shifting and work roll bending.
2 Capacity of the Mill t/y 2500,000
Based on 1050 mm x 2.8 mm coils; rolling rate at
reversing rougher – 474 tons/hr.
3 No. of operating days in a
year (availability)
Days/year 300
4 Shifts/day - 3
5 Hot rolling hours Hrs 5500
7 Utilization of available hours % 76
8 Reheating Furnace Two Walking beam type 300 t/hrs nominal capacity
each.
9 Input slab size 210 mm thick; 800 to 1550 mm; 10 m max length;
Weight 25.5 t max. .
10 Slab Quality Mild Steel, low Alloy Steel. Medium carbon steel.
(69 Kg/mm2 variety)
11 Annual slab required t 2,577,320
12 Rolled coil specification 1.6 to 12 mm thick
800-1550 mm wide
Maximum coil weight- 25.59 t
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Coil ID: 76 mm; OD: 2100 mm
13 Slab to product yield % 96.7
14 Specific Fuel Consumption G Cal/T of
Slabs
0.65
15 Specific Power
consumption in the mill
KWH/t 150
16 Connected load MW 30 MW (Mill proper) + 10 MW coil processing
facilities.
17 Specific consumption of
rolls
Kg/t of
coils
0.54
18 Specific consumption of
guides
Kg/t of
coils
0.52
19 Annual requirement of tying
straps
Tons 2500
20 Steam Tons/Hr 2
21 Compressed air (Dry) Nm3/Hr 5000
22 Lubricating oil Kg/t of
coils
0.06
23 Grease Kg/t of
coils
0.045
24 Hydraulic Fluid Kg/t of
coils
0.028
(4) Environment Control Measures in the hot rolling Mills
Air Pollution: The reheating furnaces in all the hot rolling mills will use mixed gas
(Blast furnace gas mixed with Coke Oven gas and BOF gas (At phase-2). Since
these gases are pre-cleaned before use as a fuel. The fuel gases are fully combusted
inside the furnace and the off gases do not contain any CO. Therefore, these off gas
normally do not require any treatment to remove dusts. These hot waste gases from
the re-heating furnaces are passes to heat re-cuperator to heat the combustion air
and the cooled gas is let out from a tall chimney. The iron oxide dusts carried with the
gases are usually deposited in the outgoing gas path and at the base of the chimney.
Water pollution: The major dirty water comes from the scale breakers; mill stands
cooling waters, bar cooling water post rolling which are laden with mill scale. Every
mill will have a scale pit to collect these water and the heavy mill scale will settle at
the bottom to be collected with grab cranes. The overflow water will pass through oil
removal systems to skim off any oil collected in the water from the mill bearings,
cooled in cooling towers and to be reused in the cooling water system after addition
of makeup water.
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2.8.7 Cold Rolling Mill complex
It is envisaged to install a Cold Rolling and Processing complex at the Phase-2 stage
of the steel plant for partly converting the hot rolled coils in the Hot Strip Mill to cold
rolled and processed products. The input capacity of the complex in terms of Hot
rolled coils will be 1 million tons per year. The entire input hot rolled coils will undergo
pickling in a continuous pickling line and cold rolling in a five stand 4 high/six high
tandem cold rolling mill. Out of the cold rolled coils, a part will be sent to the
galvanizing line of 400,000 t /year capacity. CGL will be coat the coils with zinc for
galvanized sheets (plane/corrugated) and the colour coating line and subsequent
slitting and cut to length lines for making colour sheets.
Since galvanizing lines take as rolled cold coils and has annealing and temper rolling
processes in built in the line, the batch annealing furnace section capacity will be
600,000 t of coils per year. The temper rolling mill will also have similar capacity. The
inspection, slitting and cut to length lines will cater to dispatch of about 600,000 t of
uncoated cold rolled coils. These will cater to the needs of smaller coating
installations.
The main sections envisaged in the cold rolling mill complex are:
(1) Hot coil receipt bay to receive and store coils of the following range:
Coil width: 600-1600 mm;
Thickness: 1.6 to 6 mm
Coil ID: 760 mm
Coil OD: 2100 mm
Maximum Weight: 26.6 tons
(2) Continuous Hydrochloric acid Pickling Line with capacity to pickle the entire 1 million
ton hot rolled coil input
(3) Continuous 1600 mm tandem cold rolling mill with five stands (four stands four high,
the fifth 4/6 high) with a combined motor power of 22,100 KW. In this report separate
pickling and separate cold rolling mill has been envisaged. However a coupled
pickling and cold rolling configuration is possible and would be decided at the time of
detailing.
(4) Strip cleaning line
Cold rolled coils meant for dispatch as cold rolled coils/sheets and required to be box
annealed in the subsequent process steps will pass through a Electrolytic Cleaning
Line (ECL) to remove the rolling oils from the strip so that these do not result black
soot patches while box annealing.
(5) Box Annealing Section
The section is envisaged to be having 40 bases; 20 furnaces and 20 cooling boxes.
The decision to go for only hydrogen annealing process or go for conventional H2 +
N2 annealing atmosphere will be taken at the time of writing detailed specification
depending on the market situation.
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(6) DCR skin pass Mill
The envisaged skin pass mill will be a Twin stand Double Cold Reduction (DCR) mill
stand 2 x 4-high cold rolling mill meant for giving a small cold reduction to the fully
annealed coils with the help of twin four high stands.
(7) Cold rolled products – slitting and shearing section.
(8) Hot Dip Galvanizing Line
The CRC is envisaged to process 1000,000 tons per year of input in terms of hot
rolled coils (HRC). Out of these 400,000 equivalent hot rolled coils are meant for
coated products: Galvanized and colour coated. Colour coated sheets require a thin
galvanizing pre-coat for better paint quality and resistance to corrosion in ultimate
use. So it is proposed to galvanize the entire produce of 400,000 tons of hot rolled
coils to zinc/zinc aluminum coated coils and out of that 200,000 tons of equivalent
HRC will be colour coated in two colour coating lines.
(9) Colour coating line.
It is envisaged to install two colour coating lines in the CRC at phase-2. Each line will
be 100,000 tpy capacity. Due to a large number of colour coating facilities installed
recently, it is envisaged to build up the capacity of colour coating progressively.
Product mix at full capacity of the Cold rolling mill Complex:
Cold rolled coils and
sheets
Grades:
O/D/DD/
EDD
Widths: 1000 mm to 1500 mm;
Thickness: 0.25 to 2.5 mm
567,000 tons /year
Galvanized
coils/sheets(Plane
or corrugated)
- Widths: 800 mm to 1000 mm:
Thickness:0.25 mm to 2 mm.
186,000 tons/year
Colour coated
sheets
- Widths: 800 mm to 1000 mm:
Thickness:0.25 mm to 2 mm.
190,000 tons
/year.
Depending on market demand and progress of installation of the colour coating line,
part of the colour coated tonnage may be initially offered as galvanized product.
Environmental control measures
The environmental control measures to be adopted in the cold rolling mill complex
can be summarized as follows:
(1) Air pollution control:
The air contaminated with acid fumes sucked from the pickling line would be treated
in packed scrubbers to ensure less than 10 mg/m3 of acid in the exhaust air. The
sucked air over the cold rolling mills contains oil mist. This mist is removed from the
air with an electro-static mist eliminator to collect the oil before letting the air out. The
outlet air would have oil level less than 10 mg/Nm3. Most of the other places the air
with small size solid particles like scale or zinc dust or paint fumes will be treated in
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Bag filters to ensure that the outlet air contains particulate at the stipulated norm
level.
(2) Treatment of waste water:
Waste water within cold rolling mill complex arises due to the process pickling and
cooling/lubrication during the process of cold rolling. Pickling and related processes
(rinsing, gas cleaning operations and acid regeneration) causes acidic waste water
streams. Cooling and lubricating processes in the rolling sections give rise to oil and
suspended solid loaded waste water streams. Depending on the steel grades
processed, several measures are relevant. In general, use of process water in loops
or cascades and the use of coolants/lubricants in loops as far as practical would be
used. But to permit its use in loops, treatment measures are necessary and have
been envisaged. Waste water treatment is separated into processes for acidic
streams and those for oil loaded components.
For treatment of water with acids and acid recovery will be practiced. The two major
processes- Fluidized bed acid regeneration and the Spray roasting acid re-generation
have been used.
In some situations, acid recovery from waste water may not be possible due to
breakdown or maintenance of downstream plants. In that case the acidic water will be
neutralized with milk of lime to bring the pH of water to acceptable level before re-use
inside the plant for spraying etc.
Treatment of water from rolling stands coolants/lubricants
The main components of coolants and lubricants from the cold rolling stands are
water, oil and emulsifying agents. The emulsions can contain stabilizers, antifoaming
agents, rust preventive agents, biocides etc. Coolants/lubricants are to be used in
cascades to maintain their properties as long as possible. The cleaning and treatment
measures to be adopted are as follows:
Removal of solid: several proprietary processes are available involving magnetic
separation, gravity separation, centrifugal separation, and filtration.
Removal of non emulsified oil by skimming
Monitoring of composition, aeration to prevent putrefaction and cooling
Often industrial waste water treatment plants offered combine some or all of the
above steps to result reusable water.
Spent oil emulsions will be given to outside agencies for processing.
2.9 Captive Power Plants and Turbo Blower Stations
2.9.1 Captive Power Plants: To meet the power requirement of the steel plant, it is
proposed to install captive power plants of the following configuration.
Phase-1: Coal/waste gases based CPP- 1 x 70 MW; 1 x 350 tph at 90 bar steam
pressure and 5300 C Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) type boiler and
70 MW steam turbine with air cooled condensers.
Phase-2: Coal/waste gases based CPP- 2 x 100 MW; Coal/waste gas fired boiler- 2 x
450 tph at 150 Kg/Cm2 and 5400C. The boiler is currently envisaged as pulverized
coal fired but the option of going for CFBC type will be explored at the detailing stage
depending on the choice of available coals. 2 x 100 MW steam turbines with air
cooled condensers. The generation of power from these two captive power plant will
be supplemented by auxiliary generation of power from the Top gas pressure
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recovery turbine(TRT) of blast furnace no 1 & 2. The nominal envisaged capacity of
those two units is 6 MW and 12 MW respectively. Further, steam will be available
from the coke dry quenching units of the coke oven complex. While at phase-1, the
steam is proposed to be used for the process but at 3.5MTPA stage (Phase-2)
installation of steam turbine will be considered for a total generation of another 7 MW.
Coal/waste gases is envisaged as the principle fuel. Heavy oil is the support firing
fuel for low loads and LDO/HSD would be fuel for startups. However, all the boilers
will have facility to use spare Blast furnace or mixed gas if surplus is available. This
can happen when some of the consuming mills are down.
2.9.2 Turbo-blowers:
Turbo-blowers will be used to supply cold air to the blast furnaces via stoves. The
Turbo-blower station for both phases is proposed to be located adjoining to the power
plant. Two turbo-blowers will be installed in each phase to cater to the two blast
furnaces envisaged one each in phase-1 and 2. Each phase will have an exclusive
boiler, fired with by-product gases to supply steam to the turbines of the Turbo Boiler
sets. These boilers will also supply process steam at lower pressure to the various
units of the steel plant at each phase. Low pressure steam for coke ovens can be
supplied either from the CPP units or from the Turbo Boiler units as per convenience.
The capacities of the Turbo-blowers envisaged to be installed at each phase with the
capacities of their respective steam generating units are given below:
Item Phase-1 Phase-2
Capacity of each of two
Turbo-blowers envisaged for
each BF.
108,385 Nm3/hr at 2.9
Kg/cm2 and 110 0 C
246,061 Nm3/hr at 3
Kg/Cm2, 110 0 C
Each Turbine capacity 9 MW (approx.) 20 MW (approx)
Process steam or input
steam to turbines
60 Kg/cm2, 485 0 C 60 Kg/cm2, 485 0 C
Process steam envisaged to
be met from the unit
50.5 tons/hr 91 tons/hr.
Extracted steam from
turbines at 16 Kg/cm2
2 x 8 = 16 tons /Hr. 2 x 18 = 36 tons/Hr
Steam required from boiler
via PRDU
50.5-16= 34.5 t/Hr 55 t/Hr
Capacity of the boiler
envisaged
18 X 5 + 34.5= 125 t/Hr. 40 X 5 + 55 = 255 t/Hr
2.10 Cryogenic Oxygen Plant
In order to meet the requirement of oxygen, nitrogen and argon in the various
processes and services in the steel plant, it is envisaged to install an Oxygen Plant
(Cryogenic Air separation and purification unit) at each phase of the project. The
capacity selected is 700 TPD capacity oxygen plant at phase-1 and 900 TPD
capacity at phase-2. Each plant will be complete with all related auxiliary and service
facilities.
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2.11 Pollution Control and Environment Management
An Integrated steel plant employs a number of processes each of these has sources
of environment pollution. The pollutants in the form of solids, liquid and gases are
generated from different processes and need to be treated to harmless products
before discharge to nature. Adequate provision has been kept in selecting the
processes, the machinery and the lay out to keep emission pollutants after treatment
within the current acceptable limits. The measures envisaged to treat the polluting
outputs from each process are described. The following is the summary of the steps
envisaged.
(1) Air pollution control measures:
Utilization of by-product gases and waste gases as fuels and also as sources of
energy before letting out to atmosphere.
Utilization of waste gases with sensible heat (like in CDQ) in waste heat boilers
Use of de-dusting equipment like cyclone, bag filters and Electro-static precipitators
to de-dust waste gases before their entry to stacks.
Use of tall stacks (as per CPCB norms) to let out the gases to atmosphere.
Use of water spray/water fogging practice to reduce ambient air dust concentration in
all open transfer /unloading points where dust collection with suction ducts are not
very effective.
Provision of Low NOX burners at the reheating furnaces in the rolling mills.
(2) Water pollution control
Extensive measures have been envisaged to contain water pollution and in general
the plant will adopt a policy of Zero Discharge of water from the plant area to the
adjoining water bodies. However, some discharge/discard of water from the
processes is inevitable. These would be treated to a safe usage level and as far as
possible, would be used inside the plant. The general principle for achieving the aim
of zero discharge would be:
Unit wise recirculation of water will be ensured, after cooling and treatment to reduce
the requirement of makeup fresh water and avoid wastage of water.
Measures will be taken to treat water to remove suspended/colloidal matter and if
acidic, to treat with lime to make it neutral.
For cooling water adequate cooling towers is provided.
Oil and grease from the contaminated water will be removed by skimming and use of
traps.
Installation of sewage treatment plants in all major units for treatment of the faecal
waste and removal as sludge after biological treatment.
Some of the specific measures for treatment of waste water as envisaged in the plant
unit wise.
(3) Solid waste management
The envisaged arising of solid waste at each technological process units and modes
of disposal has been given. The position is summarized below which shows those
after Phase-1 & 2 facilities, 75% of the generated solid wastes would be re-processed
and utilized inside the plant or sold outside as saleable output. Only 25% of the
generated solid wastes including iron ore WHIMS beneficiation plant tailings do not
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have any use at present except as land fill/dumps. These would be used as landfills
in nearby mine area.
Solid Waste Total generation at full capacity (tons)
Utilization and mode Disposal as wastes
Phase-1 units
Phase-2 units
Coal/coke dust 11,854 12,653 100% utilized in coal blend charge in the coke oven complex
Nil
Undersize coke 26,000 59,200 100% utilized in sintering plants as a bed material for heat energy
Nil
Tar sludge 240 256 To be used along with coal charge in the coke ovens
Nil
Acid sludge from by-product units
100 100 - To be neutralized and disposed as landfill.
Lime sludge from PCM
450 - To be used as neutralizing agent
Nil
Iron bearing dusts from dust catchers/ESPs/Bag filters
232,980 556,669 To be used along with the charge mix in the sintering plants. The design has provisions to use these.
Nil
Blast Furnace granulated slag
362,208 822,298 To be sold to cement plants for making blast furnace slag cement
Nil
Steel making slag 150,000 324,000 Only iron bearing portion of the steel slag would be recovered and iron to be used in steel making. A small % of the steel slag can be used in Blast furnace as source of lime, or / and for Road Making
90% i.e. 135,000t from phase-1 facilities and 291,000t from phase-2 facilities cannot be reused in the process as per the present technology. These would be used as landfills either inside the plant or in the neighborhood.
Iron oxide from acid regeneration plant of Cold rolling mills
- 40,000 To be sold to users like Ferro magnet industry, iron powder industry etc.
Nil
Power plant fly ash 127,360 490,758 To be sold to fly ash brick makers and cement plants making fly ash cements
Nil
Power plant Bottom ash
31,840 122,689 Cannot be used in the processes adopted.
To be used as land fill: Phase-1: 31,840t Phase-2: 122,689t
Arising of skull/scraps 94,197 (114,197)*
191,315 To be used in steel making for re-melting.
Nil
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Rejects after Two stage WHIMS treatment in the fine ore beneficiation plant.
4,44,188 (Dry)
To be temporarily stocked at the designated site in the plant and later transported to a nearby ore mine pit for re-filling and green development.
Phase-1: Phase-2: 4,44,188 t
Refractory wastes 10,880 26,849 Un-contaminated (80%) bricks will be sold (for construction) or crushed to be used as mortar.
About 20% of the waste bricks which are contaminated with slag/skull etc. would have to discarded and dumped in landfills. Phase-1: 2176 t Phase-2: 5370 t
Muck/sludge/wastes 5,050 7,750 Cannot be re-used Phase-1:5,050 Phase-2:7750 t
Total arising 1,053,159 3,098,723 174,066 (16.53%) 870,968 (28.2%)
Including the skull arising at PCM at Phase-1. But after installation of BOF shop at
phase-2, PCM load will drastically come down with combined working. .
(4) Noise pollution:
The major noise polluting areas in the steel plant are captive power plant turbines
and generators, blast furnace air blowing station, compressed air station, oxygen
plant compressors, blast furnace area, hot rolling mills etc. In case of rotating
equipment the noise level will be specified as per international standards at the time
of procurement. Suction side silencers will be specified in all such equipment. The
isolation of working persons from the noise level by placement of acoustic barrier will
be provided. The working personnel exposed to high noise will be provided with
earmuff and their exposure such high noise source will be limited.
2.11 Power requirements of the steel Plant
Power requirement of the steel plant as envisaged is given below.
Item Phase—1 Phase-2 Total Plant after both
the phases installed
Maximum demand 80 MVA 286 MVA 366 MVA
Average demand 60.2 MW
(75.25MVA)
163.64 MW(204.6
MVA)
223.84 MW
(279.85MVA)
Annual Energy
consumption
528 X 106 KWh 1434 x 106 KWh 1961.8 x 106 KWh
2.12 Instrumentation, Automation & Controls
Adequate measurement and control facilities have been envisaged for all the
shops/units of the plant with a view to achieve safe, reliable and efficient operation of
the plant and optimum utilization of the inputs, safety of the plant machinery,
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operating personnel and user friendly man–machine interface. For all major
processes level-2 fully automatic process control has been envisaged in line with the
modern practice.
2.13 Water supply and treatment facilities
The water supply for the proposed steel plant is basically for cooling of various solids,
liquid and gaseous intermediate products and also for machinery cooling. Water is
also required to make up boiler water requirement in the DM plants for steam raising.
There is also requirement of water for drinking and other washing/cleaning purposes.
To minimize the fresh water drawn from the source, cooling water re-circulation
systems have been envisaged with facilities for removal of solids and removal of
entrapped oil. Cooling towers have been provided for cooling the re-circulated water.
The blow downs from cooling towers and the neutralized effluent discharged from the
processes are proposed to be utilized for coke quenching, slag granulation, steel slag
cooling, de-dusting/defogging and other direct contact water treatments aiming at
zero discharge.
The fresh water requirement of the steel plant in two phases is estimated as
Phase-1: 1.0 million ton crude steel stage: 1305 m3/h (6.97 MGD)
Phase-2: 2.5 million crude steel facilities: 2615 m3/h (13.96 MGD)
Total Steel Plant after phase-2: 3920 m3/h (20.93 MGD)
Recirculation systems have been envisaged in the plant for reusing the major
quantity of water after treatment in various units. The intake water for the plant from
the water source after phase-2 installation of the whole plant before the water
treatment plant will be 4170 m3/Hr (22.24 MGD) considering about 6% loss of water
during treatment.
The source of water has been identified as the Tungabhadra Reservoir located at a
distance of about 20 Km from the plant site, from where raw water will be pumped to
the plant storage reservoir located on the northern side of the site near the national
highway. The present available low area where the storage tank can be formed is
about 23.6 hectares. It is proposed to develop the eastern part of this area for phase-
1 storage of water. The area is 10.4 hectares. The capacity of the plant reservoir
assuming 80% of the area will have actual water body with 10 m average holding
capacity:
At phase-1: 0.832 million m3 to cater to 20 days storage of phase-1 water
requirement of the plant at rated capacity production.
After phase-2: the storage capacity will be expanded to 1.89 million m3 for about 19
days requirement of the plant at 3.5 million ton rated capacity production.
It is understood that the present agreement of AISL with Karnataka State
Government regarding withdrawal of water from Tungabhadra dam stipulates a
pumping @12.55 mgd for the full year. But pumping will be allowed for 184 days
(after July15th) and not be allowed in the dry season (January to mid-July). This
means though 4809 million gallons of gross water (12.55 mgd x 365 x1.05) can be
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withdrawn from the dam during the wet season after allowing for 5% loss during
pumping and 4580 million gallons of net water can be received. The annual
requirement of water at phase-1 as per estimate given above will be = 6.97 x 1.06 x
365 =2696.7. Though it is less than the water withdrawal allowed for the whole year,
the water to be consumed during the non pumping period of 181 days with
evaporation loss added, need to be stored. For phase-1 requirement it amounts to =
6.97 x 1.06 x 181 x 1.03 = 1377 million gallons or 6198 million m3 (1.06 is the factor
for water treatment loss and 1.03 is for evaporation loss of water). The plant water
reservoir has been provided for only 20 days storage at phase-1 which will cater to
only supply and pumping disruptions. The bulk of the water storage is envisaged to
be done by adopting public tanks and bundhs in the area.
For the combined operation of 3.5 million ton plant, the total annual requirement of
water amounts to 8095.7 million gallons which shows that more water need to be
committed by the state Government before Phase-2 facilities can be started.
2.14 Steam facilities
The steam required in the technological units of the plant apart from the captive
power plants is given below:
Sl.
No.
Service Unit Requirements
Phase-1: 1 MTPA Phase-2: 2.5 MTPA
1 Process steam at 6-9 ata. t/Hr. 69.5 101
2 Maximum steam required
for the turbo-blowers
t/Hr. 2 x 45 2 x 100
The captive power plants will have dedicated boilers for generation of steam for the
turbines. The total steam generating facilities envisaged are:
Captive Power Plant-1 (1 million ton phase)
Boiler 1 No with capacity 350 tph of steam at 90 bar and 5350C feeding 1 No Turbo-
generator of capacity 70 MW
Turbo-blowing station -1 (1 million ton phase)
Boiler 1 No. with capacity 125 t/Hr of steam at 60 bar and 4850C feeding the turbines
of the blast furnace blowers and supplying process steam from turbine extraction as
well as direct from boiler through PRDU.
Captive Power Plant-2 (2.5 million ton phase)
Boilers 2 Nos with combined capacity of 2 x 450 t/ Hr of steam feeding 2 x 100 MW
Turbo-generators.
Turbo-blowing station -2 (2.5 million ton phase)
Boilers 1 No. with capacity 350 tph of steam feeding Turbo-blowers of 60 bar and
4850C feeding the turbines of the blast furnace No 2 blowers and supplying process
steam from turbine extraction as well as direct from boiler through PRDU.
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2.15 Compressed air facilities
At Phase-1, it is envisaged to install two centralized compressed air stations.
Compressed air station No. 1 will cater to COBPP, Sinter Plant No1 and Blast
Furnace No 1 along with auxiliaries. Compressed air station No. 2 will cater to Steel
melting shop No 1 along with secondary treatment and casters and the two hot rolling
mills envisaged at phase-1. The miscellaneous requirements of minor consumers
also will be met from ACP-1
Air Compressor Plant (ACP) No 1 will have 4 Nos. (3 operating + 1 Stand by) of
centrifugal air compressors each of 5500 Nm3/Hr, 8.5 Kg/Cm2 pressure. This unit will
also supply instrument quality air to the above processes
Air Compressor Plant (ACP) No 2 will have 4 Nos. (3 operating + 1 Stand by) of
centrifugal air compressors each of 5500 Nm3/Hr, 8.5 Kg/Cm2 pressure. This unit will
also supply instrument quality air to the above processes.
At Phase-2, it is envisaged to install two centralized compressed air stations and two
dedicated ACPs for Hot strip mill and cold rolling complex respectively due to their
large consumption. Compressed air station No 3 will cater to COBPP complex-2,
Sinter Plant No 2 and Blast Furnace No 2 along with auxiliaries. Compressed air
station No 2 will cater to steel melting shop No 2 along with secondary treatment and
casters. ACP No 5 and ACP No 6 will be located in the Hot Strip Mill and Cold Rolling
Mill complex areas respectively.
2.16 Fuel Oil Facilities
Fuel oil will be required in the Captive Power Plants as an auxiliary fuel in the coal
fired boilers to aid combustion. In all other units in both the phases of plant, generally
coke oven gas and mixed gas will be used as plant fuel. Fuel oil storages are being
envisaged at sintering plants, steel melting shops and rolling mills basically for startup
and as emergency measure to provide alternative fuel. The annual requirement of
fuel oil and LDO has been estimated as 1070 Kl and 15,097 Kl in phase-1 and 2
respectively. The higher usage of fuel oil at phase-2 is due to usage of oil as auxiliary
fuel in the pellet plant.
The summary of facilities envisaged at both the stages is given below:
Sl. For Unit Fuel No. of tanks with Aux.
facilities
Capacity of tanks
1 Power Plant Furnace oil 2 Nos. Vertical 2 x 300 Kl
HSD/LDO 2 Nos. Horizontal 2 x 10 Kl
2 Steel Melting &
Hot Rolling Mills
LSHS 2 Nos. Vertical 2 x 210 Kl
3 Sinter Plant -1 HSD/LDO 2 Nos. Horizontal 2 x 15 Kl
Sinter Plant -2 HSD/LDO 2 Nos. Horizontal 2 x 15 Kl
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2.17 Interplant gas pipe lines
Interplant gas pipe lines are proposed to supply gases like Blast Furnace gas, Coke
oven gas, Mixed gas, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, general compressed air and
instrument air to the various consuming points. The inter-plant gas pipe lines will be
taken over dedicated stockades.
2.18 Industrial Safety and Fire Protection Facilities
Many units and working premises of an integrated steel plant have hazardous and
fire prone environment. To protect the working personnel, equipment & machineries
and raw materials and stores from any damage or loss to ensure uninterrupted
production, adequate safety and firefighting measures have been planned for the
proposed plant at both the phases of plant development.
2.19 Ventilation, Air conditioning and De-dusting facilities
The facilities envisaged under this head will comprise of:
Pressurized mechanical ventilation systems to be provided in all electrical premises,
turbine halls and pump houses. The system provided will ensure a positive pressure in
the room of + 3mm WC to prevent ingress of dust.
At premises of stores, Battery rooms, toilets etc. general exhaust ventilation with wall
mounted axial fans along with cowl and bird screen has been envisaged.
Various PLC rooms, control rooms of processes, office cabins, Laboratories etc. will
be provided with air conditioning arrangements. Package air conditioning system will
be provided in bigger rooms requiring large volume of air handling.
Dust extraction system from the ambient air of the working floors will be basically
collected through collecting ducts with exhaust fans and cleaned with bag filters before
letting out to the atmosphere through 40/50 m self-supporting chimneys. In some
special cases involving heavy dust loads and volume de-dusting with ESPs has been
envisaged. These are described in the individual technological chapters.
Dust suppression measures. These involve water spraying in open dusty areas like
yards and use of defogging devices in close dusty areas, where dust extraction
through ducts is difficult.
In general, the dust suppression system will operate with reclaimed water not fit for
re-cycling in the water system of the individual units.
2.20 Construction planning
A tentative estimate of the construction/erection quantities involved in the setting up
of the 3.5 million ton steel plant is given below for giving an idea of the volume of
work involved.
Item Phase-1: 1 million ton
facilities
Phase-2:2.5 million ton
facilities
Excavation: 4,869,200 m3 10,069,250 m3
RCC: 823,766 m3 1,393,889 m3
Structures
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Building 151,424 t 220,163 t
Technological 15,743 t 25,800 t
Mechanical equipment 139,000 t 192,835t
Electrical Equipment 26,387 t 36,685 t
Refractory 74,935 t 84,178 t
It is envisaged to complete the installation and commissioning of the plant equipment
for startup and production in 30 months for Phase-1 facilities.
(2) It is envisaged to complete the installation and commissioning of the plant equipment
for startup and production in 36 months for Phase-2 facilities. The additional time is
envisaged on account of larger % of imported components at phase-2 and relative
difficulty in construction due to presence of an operating plant at the site.
The time schedule is from ZERO date which in this case is the date of placement of
order for the major plant equipment. This period will cover detailed engineering,
supply, erection and commissioning of the units.
The interspacing between the two phases is not certain at the present. It will depend
on the market demand of steel flat product and prices as well as the availability of
funds from institutional sources. Generally a spacing of 2-3 years is expected
between commissioning of one phase and start of construction of the next phase.
From that point of view, the full 3.5 million ton phase of the plant could be completed
in about 8 years’ time from the phase-1 zero date. This is provided the gap of 2-3
years is utilized for placement of order for the phase-2.
The phase -2 units (2.5 million ton complex) can be installed in steps. While the
primary facilities like Coke oven – by product complex -2 (Battery Nos. 3 & 4); Sinter
plant No. 2, Blast Furnace No. 2, BOF-CC shop and Hot strip mill with Power plant
No. 2 can be completed together to get a capacity of 2.5 million tons of hot rolled
coils, the Hot rolled coil finishing facilities, the cold rolling mill complex can be
installed later depending on the market situation. The pellet plant installation and the
installation of the coal washing complex also can be at a time appropriate for these
investments.
2.21 Manpower and Training
The manpower required for phase -1 facility will be 1713 (including 129 managerial
and executive employees) and at Phase-2 the manpower will be 2098 (including 173
managerial and executive employees) giving manpower productivity of 583 tons per
man year and 1191 tons per man year respectively for 1 million ton and 2.5 million
ton facilities, in terms of rated crude steel production. The man power productivity at
the full implementation of the integrated steel plant (3.5 million tons) is envisaged to
be 918 t crude steel per man year very close to international performance for a fully
integrated unit producing from iron ore and having both long and flat products.
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It should be mentioned here that the figures given above is only for regular
employees. The plant’s operation and maintenance will need perhaps as many men –
mostly semi-skilled and unskilled for various non perennial jobs. All routine non key
essential jobs like road transport within the works, security, township services,
medical and capital repair of units are expected to be offloaded.
The training needs would be both in India and also abroad. It is desirable that the
technical training is given in units similar to what will be installed at AARESS at least
for some period, for the operating and maintenance persons to get acclimatized.
Some part of this training should be organized by the equipment suppliers in steel
plants outside India while a large part of the training will be organized in India in the
existing steel Companies.
2.22 Capital cost and economics of the Project
(1) Capital cost envisaged for installation of the steel Plant has been computed as
follows:
Phase-1: Rs. 5,325 Crores.
Phase-2: Rs. 12,654 Crores
Total Rs. 17,979 Crores
The expenses include CSR expenses to the extent of 5% of project cost distributed
over a period of 10 years.
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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
This chapter incorporates the description of the existing environmental setting in
the area encompassed by a circle of 10 km radius around the steel plant.
Environmental Setting of the Plant Site is as below.
Table 3.1: Environmental Setting of the Plant Site
Sl. No.
Part iculars Detai ls
1. Project s ite
Survey no. 295/2, 296/1, 296/2, 297, 298, 299/P, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305/2, 307/2, 308/2, 309/2, 338, 339, 340 of Koppal Vi l lage, Part of 2, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18 to 21, Part of 22 to 23, 50 to 53, Part of 130, 142 to 147 , 151, 130/P4 &130/P6, 131 to 132, 136, 3/F1 to 3/F4, 3/F5+6, 3/F7, 4F/A-3, 4F/A2, 4F/B1 to 4FB4, 5/P, 6P, 7P, 9P, 17P, 133/1+9, 133/2+3+6+7+9+10, 133/4+5, 133/8, 134/1 TO 134/3, 134/4+12, 134/5+10+13, 134/6, 134/7+8, 134/9, 134/11, 134/14, 134/15, 134/16+18, 134/17, 135/1, TO 135/3, 135/4+13, 135/5, 135/6, 137/7+8, 135/9, 135/10, 135/11+14, 135/12, 135/15, 135/17 OF Halavarthi Vi l lage, Part of 54 to 55, 76, 80, 89, 90, 121, 122, 128, 147, 154, Sr. No. 77 to 79, Sr. No 81 to 88, Sr. No. 106 to 110, Sr. No. 112 to 120, Sr. No. 122 to 127, Sr. No. 147 to 150, 121/5 to 121/7, 122/6 to 122/8, 127/2, 128/1, 128/2, 129/A, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134/AP1, 135 to 139, 141, 142/1, Sy.No.144 to 146, 148/2, 149/2, 152, 156, 157/3, 157/4, 158, to 168, 170, 171, 172, 122/P, 130/P, 132/P, 133, 140, 150/2, 151, 153, 154/2, 155, 156, 156/P, 168, 168/P, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 170/P, 171/P, 172/P, 173 of Basapur Vi l lage 126 to 132 of Kidadal Vi l lage, Part of 264, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280 of Giniger a Vi l lage, Tehsil : Koppal, Distr ict: Koppal, Karnataka.
2. Geographical Coordinates
Latitude Longitude
15o19’34.32”N 76o12’9.78” E
15o20’52.49”N 76o13’58.16”E
3. Toposheet Nos. 57A/3
4. Elevat ion above Mean Sea Level
515m above MSL
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5. Climatic Conditions
Annual Average Maximum Temp 440C, Annual Average Minimum Temp 100C Annual Average Rainfall 572 mm, Annual Average Humidity 47-68%
6. Present land use of the project s ite
Land al located for Industr ial use
7. Soil Black Cotton Soil, Red Soil , Red Sandy Soil
8. Nearest Highway NH -63, 1.8 Km : N
9. Nearest Railway Station
Ginigera, 4.5 Km : NE
10. Nearest Airport Hubli, 120 Km : W (Commercial Airport) Baldota, MSPL : 4 Km : N ( Private Airport)
11. Defence instal lat ions None within 10 km radius
12..
Ecologically sensit ive areas like National parks/Wild l ife sanctuar ies/ bio-sphere reserves
None within 15 km radius
13. Nearest City Koppal, 6 Km.: NW
14. Nearest Water bodies/ River/ Sea
Tungabhadra River, 9.0 km : SE
15 Seismicity Seismic Zone I
16 Rehabil itation & resett lement
None
Study Area:
The study area is 10 km radius from the boundary limits of the Project Site.
A key plan indicating Project Area as core zone and 10 km radius buffer zone is
shown below. This figure provides surface features like villages, habitation,
drainages, roads, railways etc.
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Figure 3.1: Key Plan
The current site conditions are taken as the baseline conditions for formulation of
the EIA. Field monitoring for measuring meteorological conditions, ambient air
quality, water, soil and noise had been commenced from March 1, 2016 to May 29,
2016 to study the baseline environmental status for one season. In addition, data
related to land use; socio-economic status has been analysed based on the
secondary information like district census reports and remote sensing satellite
imageries.
3.1 Environmental Monitoring Program
The location of the air, water, noise and soil sampling stations were selected for
appropriate monitoring. A monitoring station was positioned at core zone (Project
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site) for Micro-meteorological data collection. The schedule of the environmental
monitoring programme is described below in Table-3.2.
Table-3.2: Schedule of Environmental Monitoring Program
Environmental Component
Monitoring period
NO. of sampling Stations
Parameters monitored
Micro -Meteorology
01.03.2016 to 29.05.2016
01 Temperature, Relative Humidity, Rainfall, Wind Speed, Wind direction
Air Quality 01.03.2016 to 29.05.2016
09 PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO, NH3, O3, C6H6, B(α)P, As, Lead & Nickel
Water Quality March 2016 05 Surface & 05 Ground
IS-10500:2012 and IS-2490:1982
Noise April 2016 08 Ld, Ln& Ldn
Soil Quality March 2016 05 Physical & Chemical parameters of Indian Standards (IS 2720)
Table-3.3: Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring
Sr. No
Environmental Component
Sampling Locations
Sampling Parameters
Total Sampling Period
Sampling Frequency
1. Meteorology One Central location
Wind Speed, Wind Direction
3 months Hourly
Rainfall, Cloud Cover
3 months Daily
Temperature and Relative Humidity
3 months Twice & Thrice Daily
2. Ambient Air Quality
Nine locations
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, O3, CO, NH3, C6H6, B(α)P, Heavy Metal e.g. Lead, Arsenic, Nickel, Hg & Free Sil ica
Two days per week for 13 weeks
24 hourly
3. Water Quality
05 each of Surface & Ground water locations
As per IS:10500:2012 and IS:2490: 1982 for ground water & surface water samples
Grab sampling
Once during study period
4. Noise Eight locations
Ld, Ln 24 hourly composite
Once during study period
5. Soil Five locations
Physical and Chemical constituents, Suitabil ity for agricultural growth
Composite sample
Once during study period
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Wind Rose Diagram for Period during AAQ Monitoring
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Temperature and Humidity Daily minimum & maximum temperatures were recorded on twice a day basis and relative humidity was measured three times a day simultaneously. The data so collected is given in Table–3.4. Ambient air temperature and relative humidity give useful auxil iary information for the interpretation of ambient air quality data.
Table-3.4: Monthly Temperature & Humidity Recorded During Sampling Period
Date Temperature (o C) Relative Humidity (%)
Minimum Maximum 0600 hr 1400 hr 2200 hr
01/03/2016 22.0 30.5 68 49 69
02/03/2016 20.5 31.1 93 46 63
03/03/2016 19.2 30.7 85 47 57
04/03/2016 19.7 30.6 66 44 53
05/03/2016 19.6 33.5 71 37 47
06/03/2016 21.8 32.9 70 40 62
07/03/2016 23.2 32.2 78 46 73
08/03/2016 20.8 30.9 78 51 83
09/03/2016 21.7 29.9 88 57 82
10/03/2016 22.5 29.7 83 54 72
11/03/2016 21.6 31.4 50 26 45
12/03/2016 21.6 31.1 44 45 57
13/03/2016 22.5 32.2 76 34 44
14/03/2016 22.7 33.0 68 21 58
15/03/2016 22.3 33.3 90 42 56
16/03/2016 23.4 33.2 79 36 51
17/03/2016 24.3 33.4 66 36 44
18/03/2016 24.3 34.2 40 31 43
19/03/2016 23.3 34.2 87 29 43
20/03/2016 23.8 34.9 48 22 30
21/03/2016 23.3 35.1 54 22 30
22/03/2016 23.8 35.1 42 23 28
23/03/2016 23.8 35.7 68 29 32
24/03/2016 23.9 35.7 76 33 35
25/03/2016 24.8 35.6 59 25 36
26/03/2016 23.8 35.2 74 40 35
27/03/2016 23.6 34.7 85 39 35
28/03/2016 23.7 34.7 50 28 28
29/03/2016 22.6 35.2 61 39 35
30/03/2016 24.5 34.8 73 37 45
31/03/2016 25.1 31.7 63 60 52
Minimum 19.2 29.7 40 21 28
Maximum 25.1 35.7 93 60 83
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Date Temperature (o C) Humidity (%)
Minimum Maximum 0600 hr 1400 hr 2200 hr
01/04/2016 23.1 34.8 77 47 40
02/04/2016 24.3 35.4 84 38 37
03/04/2016 23.3 35.5 71 32 33
04/04/2016 22.8 36.2 72 22 32
05/04/2016 24.5 35.8 40 25 34
06/04/2016 26.0 37.3 35 20 33
07/04/2016 23.4 36.1 79 31 31
08/04/2016 24.9 36.2 62 42 43
09/04/2016 24.6 35.5 75 41 45
10/04/2016 24.2 35.0 74 47 58
11/04/2016 23.7 33.0 79 52 62
12/04/2016 23.8 28.9 79 64 78
13/04/2016 20.7 31.2 92 51 46
14/04/2016 20.6 31.1 82 50 60
15/04/2016 21.8 31.7 87 56 49
16/04/2016 23.4 32.3 78 37 46
17/04/2016 23.3 31.3 67 75 58
18/04/2016 21.8 33.4 83 35 40
19/04/2016 23.1 36.2 85 36 39
20/04/2016 23.7 36.4 80 31 37
21/04/2016 23.9 35.6 85 47 41
22/04/2016 25.3 36.4 79 38 53
23/04/2016 25.4 35.8 83 51 62
24/04/2016 21.3 33.7 90 58 48
25/04/2016 24.6 35.0 90 53 62
26/04/2016 23.1 34.3 80 38 44
27/04/2016 23.9 34.6 75 43 52
28/04/2016 24.0 36.4 83 40 47
29/04/2016 25.1 37.5 82 36 56
30/04/2016 25.5 36.4 81 38 35
Minimum 20.6 28.9 35 20 31
Maximum 26.0 37.5 92 75 78
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Date Temperature (o C) Humidity (%)
Minimum
Maximum 0600 hr 1400 hr 2200 hr
01/05/2016 25.5 37.9 81 34 29
02/05/2016 25.2 37.6 85 37 57
03/05/2016 25.6 37.0 73 40 48
04/05/2016 25.1 35.6 69 49 58
05/05/2016 24.2 34.9 74 43 43
06/05/2016 25.3 35.2 66 40 46
07/05/2016 24.9 35.4 87 42 53
08/05/2016 23.7 36.6 79 42 43
09/05/2016 25.1 37.4 69 41 42
10/05/2016 26.6 36.2 50 36 33
11/05/2016 24.8 36.1 79 44 42
12/05/2016 25.7 34.8 81 42 47
13/05/2016 25.8 34.7 69 43 47
14/05/2016 24.3 32.4 75 54 45
15/05/2016 26.1 34.6 68 46 78
16/05/2016 23.6 32.7 87 56 71
17/05/2016 24.4 36.1 80 42 67
18/05/2016 24.0 36.6 87 53 73
19/05/2016 24.9 36.2 81 42 71
20/05/2016 24.8 38.9 81 40 66
21/05/2016 26.1 38.2 80 40 72
22/05/2016 25.5 38.5 80 43 67
23/05/2016 26.0 37.8 78 41 56
24/05/2016 24.7 37.8 81 36 64
25/05/2016 25.5 37.1 79 41 59
26/05/2016 25.3 37.4 78 40 47
27/05/2016 24.9 38.2 81 38 78
28/05/2016 24.4 35.1 74 47 56
29/05/2016 21.7 37.5 82 49 96
Minimum 21.7 32.4 50 34 29
Maximum 26.6 38.9 87 56 96
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Summary:
It has been observed that the temperature varied between a minimum of
19.2°C to a maximum of 38.9°C indicating signif icant temperature
changes. Relative humidity was in the range of 20 to 96 %. The
observed value of Relative humidity indicates moist weather condition.
The minimum and maximum values observed for the monitoring period
for Temperature and Humidity are presented in figure-3.2 and 3.3.
Figure-3.2: Temperature variations during study period
Figure-3.3: Relative humidity variations during study period
Rain fall
There was no rain Observed during monitoring period.
3.1.2 Air Environment
To assess the baseline ambient air quality, nine air quality monitoring
locations were selected on the basis of wind direction, topography,
human settlement and other meteorological parameters in core and
buffer zone area. Two air sampling station was identif ied in core zone
and the remaining seven in the buffer zone. The study area represents
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totally rural environment. Descriptive l isting of the ambient air quality
monitoring stations is given in Table-3.5 and shown in Figure-3.4.
Table-3.5: Description of Ambient Air Monitoring Stations
Sr. No.
Description of monitored stations
Sample code
Distance from proposed plant expansion
Direction Zone Remark
1. Proposed Steel Plant Site
A-1 Within - Core Core zone
2. Adjacent to Pel let Plant
A-2 Within - Core Core zone
3. Al langara Vi llage A-3 2.5km E Buffer Downwind
4. Hire Baglani vi l lage A-4 3.5km SE Buffer Upwind
5. Kunikeri Tanda Village
A-5 2.0km S Buffer Downwind
6. Huvinahalu Vi l lage A-6 4.0km W Buffer Downwind
7. Koppal Vi l lage A-7 6.0km NW Buffer Upwind
8. Belanalu Vi l lage A-8 1.5km N Buffer Upwind
9. Basapur Vi l lage A-9 3.5km NE Buffer Downwind
Figure-3.4: Locations of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
A-1 A-3
A-4A-5
A-6
A-7
A-8
AIR MONITORING STATION
A-9
76°15'
15°20'
15°15'
76°15'
76°10'
76°10'
15°25'15°25'
15°20'
15°15'
PREPARED BY-POLLUTION AND ECOLOGY CONTROL SERVICES
Village - Halavarthi, Tahsil - Koppal, District -Koppal State - Karnataka
AIR MONITORING STATION
Halavarti
Kunikeri Tanda
Allanagara
Kidadhala
KanakapuraLingadahalli
Hire Bagnali
Hire Kasinkandi
LachankeriChikka Bagnala
TUNGABHADRATUNGABHADRA
Karkihalli
MundrigiMellekeriHyati
Kunikeri
Hosahalli
ChukkanakalliBahadurabanda
Huvinahalu
Hosa kanakpuraBevinal
GingeraBasapur
BelanaluKOPPAL
BhagyanagarYattinahatti
Mangalpur
Haratattanahalu
GbburGuddanahali
Halhalli
Tavargera
Lebigeri
TenakaaakalluChilavadgi
Naregallu
Daddegallu
Sangapura
Hanumanahalli
Katakkanahalli
Muddaballi
HIRE H
ALLA
ICH
HALA
HALLA
ADDA HALLA
HIRE H
ALLA RS
STREAMS
RIVER / NALA
POND
ROAD
HABITATION
GRID
PROJECT SITE
INDEX
RAILWAY LINE
RESERVOIR RESERVOIR
A-2
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3.1.2.1Frequency of Monitoring
Ambient air quality (AAQ) samples were collected on basis of 24 -hour
sampling and twice a week at each site. The ambient air quality samples
were collected for continuous 13-weeks beginning from 01 s t March-2016
to 29 th May, 2016.
The samples were preserved and analysed as per the standard methods
recommended by Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs) of Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB 2011).Ozone (O 3) and Carbon Monoxide
(CO) were monitored by randomly collecting the gas through one hour
sampling procedure. Samples for Ammonia (NH 3) were randomly
monitored for its presence.
3.1.2.2Method of Analysis
Ambient air samples were analysed with Gravimetric, Co lorimetric or
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) method as per standard
methods specif ied by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB 2011).
The Techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and minimum
detectable levels are presented in Table-3.6.
Table-3.6: Techniques & Instruments used for Monitoring of Ambient Air
Quality(AAQ)
Sr.
No. Parameter Technique
Technical
Protocol
Minimum
Detectable
Limit (μg)
1. PM10
APM 550 – Dust
Sampler (Gravimetric
Method)
IS-5182
(part-IV) 5.0 μg/m3
2. PM2.5
APM 550 – Dust
Sampler (Gravimetric
Method)
IS-5182
(part-IV) 5.0 μg/m3
3. Sulphur dioxide
APM 433 – Gaseous
Sampler (Chemical
Absorption)
IS-5182
(Part-II) 3.0 μg/m3
4. Oxides of
Nitrogen
APM 433 – Gaseous
Sampler (Chemical
Absorption)
IS-5182
(Part-VI) 3.0 μg/m3
5. Carbon
Monoxide
Carbon Monoxide
Detector Tubes
DGMS
procedure 12.5 ppm
6. Ozone
APM 433 – Gaseous
Sampler (Chemical
Absorption)
IS-5182 2.0 ppb
7.
Other Gaseous
samples [NH3,
Benzene &
Low volume sampling
pump connected to
Adsorption Tube /
USEPA
method
TO-1 or
0.1 ppb
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B(α)P] Tedlar bags TO-2
8.
Heavy Metals
[Lead, Arsenic
& Nickel]
APM 550 – Dust
Sampler
(AAS Method)
IS-5182 0.1 ppb
3.1.2.3Observations
The results of Ambient Air Quality monitoring with regard to the
parameters are given below in tables from Table–3.7 to Table–3.15. A
summarized report of Ambient Air Quality is given in Table-3.16 and
summarized report of 98 th percentile in table 3.17. The National Ambient
Air Quality Standards are given in Table–3.18.
Table–3.7: AAQ Observations A -1: Project Site One At Proposed Steel Plant
Week Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3
W-1 01/03/2016 56.5 25.7 12.8 27.7
02/03/2016 55.3 25.1 16.3 21.8
W-2 08/03/2016 54.0 24.5 10.3 17.5
09/03/2016 54.5 24.8 12.2 18.2
W-3 15/03/2016 52.6 23.9 11.7 24.3
16/03/2016 55.7 25.3 14.3 19.9
W-4 22/03/2016 54.0 24.5 10.5 18.2
23/03/2016 49.0 22.3 9.8 15.3
W-5 29/03/2016 55.3 25.1 12.7 22.6
30/03/2016 50.2 22.8 14.2 20.1
W-6 05/04/2016 56.0 25.5 11.9 22.5
06/04/2016 53.7 24.4 16.2 27.5
W-7 12/04/2016 46.9 21.3 13.2 22.4
13/04/2016 55.8 25.4 11.3 19.2
W-8 19/04/2016 53.0 24.1 10.2 17.3
20/04/2016 51.2 23.3 11.2 19.0
W-9 26/04/2016 53.7 24.4 12.8 23.8
27/04/2016 55.2 25.1 13.9 21.2
W-10 03/05/2016 49.2 22.4 13.5 23.0
04/05/2016 51.4 23.3 11.2 19.0
W-11 10/05/2016 53.9 24.5 13.8 23.5
11/05/2016 54.6 24.8 12.4 21.1
W-12 17/05/2016 54.0 24.5 11.1 20.3
18/05/2016 52.3 23.8 10.9 18.9
W-13 24/05/2016 53.9 24.5 12.7 21.6
25/05/2016 50.1 22.8 13.6 23.1
Minimum 46.9 21.3 9.8 15.3
Maximum 56.5 25.7 16.3 27.7
Average 53.2 24.2 12.5 21.1
98th Percentile 56.3 25.6 16.3 27.6
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Table–3.8 : AAQ Observations
A -2: Adjacent From One Pellet Plant
Week Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3
W-1 01/03/2016 46.6 24.5 9.5 17.1
02/03/2016 48.4 25.5 10.4 15.9
W-2 08/03/2016 41.2 21.7 13.2 21.3
09/03/2016 44.3 23.3 10.9 16.7
W-3 15/03/2016 49.5 26.1 12.5 17.9
16/03/2016 47.6 25.0 10.5 20.4
W-4 22/03/2016 45.2 23.8 12.2 18.7
23/03/2016 41.0 21.6 11.5 17.4
W-5 29/03/2016 39.8 20.9 9.9 17.1
30/03/2016 44.3 23.3 10.0 18.2
W-6 05/04/2016 48.4 25.5 12.5 20.2
06/04/2016 46.9 24.7 11.5 21.4
W-7 12/04/2016 43.7 23.0 10.2 21.9
13/04/2016 47.9 25.2 13.5 19.7
W-8 19/04/2016 44.3 23.3 13.9 21.1
20/04/2016 42.5 22.4 12.5 19.3
W-9 26/04/2016 42.1 22.2 12.6 19.8
27/04/2016 47.8 25.1 11.6 21.7
W-10 03/05/2016 41.8 22.0 10.5 16.9
04/05/2016 41.0 21.6 11.7 16.2
W-11 10/05/2016 43.0 22.6 11.4 20.2
11/05/2016 48.7 25.6 12.5 19.6
W-12 17/05/2016 43.4 22.9 13.7 23.3
18/05/2016 40.3 21.2 12.2 20.7
W-13 24/05/2016 49.2 25.9 13.5 23.0
25/05/2016 41.8 22.0 12.4 21.0
Minimum 39.8 20.9 9.5 15.9
Maximum 49.5 26.1 13.9 23.3
Average 44.6 23.5 11.8 19.5
98th percentile 49.3 26.0 13.8 23.2
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Table–3.9: AAQ Observations A -3: Allangara Village
Week Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3
W-1 01/03/2016 44.2 23.3 11.2 20.1
02/03/2016 46.2 24.3 13.2 23.8
W-2 08/03/2016 45.4 23.9 12.5 22.4
09/03/2016 43.3 22.8 10.9 19.7
W-3 15/03/2016 45.4 23.9 9.9 17.9
16/03/2016 46.5 24.5 11.2 20.1
W-4 22/03/2016 46.1 24.3 9.7 17.4
23/03/2016 48.0 25.2 8.4 15.1
W-5 29/03/2016 43.9 23.1 9.7 17.4
30/03/2016 44.9 23.6 11.4 20.5
W-6 05/04/2016 47.1 24.8 12.8 23.1
06/04/2016 47.9 25.2 12.0 21.6
W-7 12/04/2016 45.8 24.1 9.8 22.3
13/04/2016 48.1 25.3 13.3 24.0
W-8 19/04/2016 51.9 27.3 14.8 17.8
20/04/2016 50.8 26.7 15.5 27.8
W-9 26/04/2016 47.4 25.0 14.6 26.3
27/04/2016 53.0 27.9 14.2 25.5
W-10 03/05/2016 46.9 24.7 14.8 26.6
04/05/2016 50.7 26.7 14.0 25.2
W-11 10/05/2016 45.0 23.7 15.9 28.7
11/05/2016 46.5 24.5 18.0 28.9
W-12 17/05/2016 48.6 25.6 14.4 25.9
18/05/2016 45.0 23.7 16.1 28.9
W-13 24/05/2016 51.9 27.3 16.4 29.5
25/05/2016 49.6 26.1 15.3 27.6
Minimum 43.3 22.8 8.4 15.1
Maximum 53.0 27.9 18.0 29.5
Average 47.3 24.9 13.1 23.2
98th percentile
52.5 27.6 17.2 29.2
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Table–3.10: AAQ Observations A-4: Hira Baglani Village
Week Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3
W-1 03/03/2016 46.3 25.7 11.7 28.7
04/03/2016 43.7 24.3 13.1 22.4
W-2 10/03/2016 48.6 27.0 10.2 22.1
11/03/2016 42.6 23.7 14.0 28.7
W-3 17/03/2016 44.6 24.8 11.5 27.2
18/03/2016 46.1 25.6 12.3 25.4
W-4 24/03/2016 43.9 24.4 10.9 29.4
25/03/2016 40.7 22.6 13.7 24.3
W-5 31/03/2016 42.5 23.6 11.7 25.7
01/04/2016 46.3 25.7 12.1 26.7
W-6 07/04/2016 47.4 26.3 10.4 22.9
08/04/2016 45.0 25.0 10.9 23.9
W-7 14/04/2016 43.7 24.3 11.5 21.5
15/04/2016 42.0 23.3 9.9 24.3
W-8 21/04/2016 45.1 25.1 10.6 23.3
22/04/2016 45.4 25.2 12.2 26.8
W-9 28/04/2016 48.1 26.7 14.0 28.4
29/04/2016 41.3 22.9 13.8 27.1
W-10 05/05/2016 48.6 27.0 12.5 27.4
06/05/2016 45.1 25.1 11.6 25.5
W-11 12/05/2016 42.2 23.5 15.3 25.4
13/05/2016 44.2 24.6 14.3 31.4
W-12 19/05/2016 46.1 25.6 17.8 29.8
20/05/2016 42.8 23.8 14.7 26.7
W-13 26/05/2016 46.2 25.7 12.9 28.5
27/05/2016 46.1 25.6 11.7 25.7
Minimum 40.7 22.6 9.9 21.5
Maximum 48.6 27.0 17.8 31.4
Average 44.8 24.9 12.5 26.1
98th Percentile
48.6 27.0 16.6 30.6
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Table–3.11: AAQ Observations A -5: Kunikeri Tanda Village
Week Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3
W-1 03/03/2016 40.2 25.1 16.0 27.2
04/03/2016 42.1 26.3 14.7 24.9
W-2 10/03/2016 41.0 25.6 13.4 22.8
11/03/2016 39.8 24.9 18.7 31.7
W-3 17/03/2016 43.2 27.0 16.2 27.5
18/03/2016 39.5 24.7 14.7 24.9
W-4 24/03/2016 38.7 24.2 15.1 25.6
25/03/2016 41.4 25.9 17.8 30.3
W-5 31/03/2016 39.1 24.4 13.6 23.1
01/04/2016 41.2 25.8 16.3 27.6
W-6 07/04/2016 43.6 27.3 13.6 23.1
08/04/2016 44.8 28.0 14.7 24.9
W-7 14/04/2016 45.3 28.3 12.8 21.8
15/04/2016 41.3 25.8 15.8 26.8
W-8 21/04/2016 42.7 26.7 18.6 31.6
22/04/2016 43.1 26.9 18.3 31.2
W-9 28/04/2016 40.2 25.1 16.4 27.9
29/04/2016 42.0 26.3 15.3 26.1
W-10 05/05/2016 39.5 24.7 16.8 28.5
06/05/2016 37.4 23.4 13.7 23.2
W-11 12/05/2016 40.2 25.1 17.8 30.2
13/05/2016 43.7 27.3 16.4 27.9
W-12 19/05/2016 41.6 26.0 20.7 31.2
20/05/2016 39.6 24.8 17.2 29.2
W-13 26/05/2016 40.3 25.2 17.3 29.3
27/05/2016 42.7 26.7 16.3 27.8
Minimum 37.4 23.4 12.8 21.8
Maximum 45.3 28.3 20.7 31.7
Average 41.3 25.8 16.1 27.2
98th Percentile 45.1 28.2 19.7 31.7
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Table–3.12: AAQ Observations A -6: Huvinahalu Village
Week Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3
W-1 03/03/2016 45.7 25.4 15.7 28.7
04/03/2016 47.0 26.1 19.8 25.2
W-2 10/03/2016 44.1 24.5 17.5 27.9
11/03/2016 49.0 27.2 18.5 26.7
W-3 17/03/2016 45.7 25.4 22.5 29.7
18/03/2016 46.2 25.7 17.9 29.5
W-4 24/03/2016 48.1 26.7 17.0 26.4
25/03/2016 45.4 25.2 20.4 29.2
W-5 31/03/2016 50.5 28.1 24.4 28.5
01/04/2016 46.3 25.7 21.3 31.1
W-6 07/04/2016 45.1 25.1 24.0 29.2
08/04/2016 48.0 26.6 19.4 28.1
W-7 14/04/2016 49.7 27.6 17.8 27.3
15/04/2016 45.8 25.4 20.5 28.6
W-8 21/04/2016 44.7 24.8 22.8 30.2
22/04/2016 49.9 27.7 19.6 29.4
W-9 28/04/2016 48.6 27.0 20.2 31.1
29/04/2016 45.9 25.5 18.8 29.4
W-10 05/05/2016 48.7 27.1 20.1 28.7
06/05/2016 49.7 27.6 19.9 27.6
W-11 12/05/2016 47.4 26.3 18.8 29.1
13/05/2016 45.3 25.2 19.4 26.4
W-12 19/05/2016 49.2 27.3 18.1 28.9
20/05/2016 46.9 26.0 21.5 26.3
W-13 26/05/2016 48.5 27.0 18.9 23.1
27/05/2016 45.9 25.5 19.4 30.1
Minimum 44.1 24.5 15.7 23.1
Maximum 50.5 28.1 24.4 31.1
Average 47.2 26.2 19.8 28.3
98th Percentile 50.2 27.9 24.2 31.1
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Table–3.13: AAQ Observations A -7: Koppal Village
Week Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3
W-1 05/03/2016 41.5 19.7 12.4 22.4
06/03/2016 42.4 20.2 13.4 24.1
W-2 12/03/2016 39.6 18.9 11.4 20.6
13/03/2016 41.1 19.6 14.5 26.1
W-3 19/03/2016 38.7 18.4 12.8 23.1
20/03/2016 39.8 18.9 15.8 28.4
W-4 26/03/2016 45.5 21.7 13.7 24.6
27/03/2016 42.2 20.1 12.1 21.8
W-5 02/04/2016 40.2 19.2 14.1 25.3
03/04/2016 37.7 17.9 13.8 24.9
W-6 09/04/2016 39.4 18.8 13.1 23.6
10/04/2016 38.5 18.4 14.8 26.7
W-7 16/04/2016 42.8 20.4 11.9 21.5
17/04/2016 44.7 21.3 12.7 22.8
W-8 23/04/2016 41.1 19.6 13.8 24.9
24/04/2016 39.8 19.0 14.7 26.4
W-9 30/04/2016 45.1 21.5 12.7 22.8
01/05/2016 40.5 19.3 11.3 20.4
W-10 07/05/2016 43.2 20.6 13.1 23.6
08/05/2016 42.2 20.1 14.7 26.4
W-11 14/05/2016 40.6 19.3 11.9 21.5
15/05/2016 41.8 19.9 14.1 25.4
W-12 21/05/2016 38.8 18.5 15.9 28.7
22/05/2016 45.8 21.8 14.5 26.1
W-13 28/05/2016 46.5 22.1 12.8 23.1
29/05/2016 42.2 20.1 21.6 23.2
Minimum 37.7 17.9 11.3 20.4
Maximum 46.5 22.1 21.6 28.7
Average 41.6 19.8 13.8 24.2
98th Percentile
46.1 22.0 18.8 28.6
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Table–3.14: AAQ Observations A -8: Belanalu Village
Week Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3
W-1 05/03/2016 39.2 23.0 13.8 24.8
06/03/2016 39.5 23.2 14.4 25.9
W-2 12/03/2016 41.0 24.1 12.7 22.9
13/03/2016 37.2 21.9 14.4 25.9
W-3 19/03/2016 38.2 22.5 17.6 31.6
20/03/2016 37.8 22.2 14.9 26.8
W-4 26/03/2016 42.0 24.7 18.5 33.4
27/03/2016 39.7 23.4 15.1 27.3
W-5 02/04/2016 38.4 22.6 17.2 30.9
03/04/2016 37.9 22.3 12.8 23.1
W-6 09/04/2016 36.9 21.7 16.3 29.3
10/04/2016 42.3 24.9 15.0 27.0
W-7 16/04/2016 39.0 22.9 15.9 28.6
17/04/2016 43.9 25.8 13.8 24.9
W-8 23/04/2016 39.7 23.4 15.1 27.1
24/04/2016 42.4 24.9 16.3 29.4
W-9 30/04/2016 39.8 23.4 14.4 26.0
01/05/2016 43.2 25.4 13.8 24.9
W-10 07/05/2016 38.7 22.8 17.8 32.1
08/05/2016 41.4 24.3 16.9 30.4
W-11 14/05/2016 39.7 23.4 14.9 26.9
15/05/2016 44.5 26.1 15.3 27.6
W-12 21/05/2016 38.2 22.5 18.1 32.5
22/05/2016 43.0 25.3 15.1 27.3
W-13 28/05/2016 42.5 25.0 15.3 27.6
29/05/2016 39.9 23.5 16.7 30.1
Minimum 36.9 21.7 12.7 22.9
Maximum 44.5 26.1 18.5 33.4
Average 40.2 23.7 15.5 27.8
98th Percentile
44.2 26.0 18.3 32.9
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Table–3.15: AAQ Observations A -9: Basapur Village
Week Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3
W-1 05/03/2016 44.3 24.6 10.8 18.3
06/03/2016 45.4 25.2 12.4 21.1
W-2 12/03/2016 46.2 25.7 9.7 16.5
13/03/2016 47.7 26.5 12.4 21.1
W-3 19/03/2016 45.4 25.2 11.5 19.6
20/03/2016 46.3 25.7 11.9 20.2
W-4 26/03/2016 46.2 25.7 13.1 22.2
27/03/2016 45.1 25.1 13.8 23.5
W-5 02/04/2016 47.9 26.6 11.6 19.7
03/04/2016 44.5 24.7 12.7 21.6
W-6 09/04/2016 48.2 26.8 15.0 25.6
10/04/2016 47.9 26.6 12.4 21.1
W-7 16/04/2016 44.9 24.9 12.4 21.1
17/04/2016 46.0 25.5 14.0 23.7
W-8 23/04/2016 47.4 26.3 11.7 19.8
24/04/2016 48.5 27.0 12.4 21.0
W-9 30/04/2016 43.4 24.1 13.7 23.2
01/05/2016 49.6 27.6 12.9 21.9
W-10 07/05/2016 47.7 26.5 11.7 19.8
08/05/2016 47.4 26.3 13.6 23.1
W-11 14/05/2016 44.5 24.7 15.4 26.3
15/05/2016 46.2 25.7 13.3 22.5
W-12 21/05/2016 47.7 26.5 15.0 25.4
22/05/2016 45.8 25.4 15.4 26.3
W-13 28/05/2016 49.6 27.6 12.5 21.3
29/05/2016 47.4 26.3 13.8 23.5
Minimum 43.4 24.1 9.7 16.5
Maximum 49.6 27.6 15.4 26.3
Average 46.6 25.9 12.9 21.9
98th Percentile 49.6 27.6 15.4 26.3
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Table 3.16:Summarized Report of Ambient Air Quality
Details
A-1 At pellet Plant
A-2 Proposed Steel Plant Site
A-3 Allangara Village
PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3) PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3) PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3)
Minimum 46.9 21.3 9.8 15.3 39.8 20.9 9.5 15.9 43.3 22.8 8.4 15.1
Maximum 56.5 25.7 16.3 27.7 49.5 26.1 13.9 23.3 53.0 27.9 18.0 29.5
Average 53.2 24.2 12.5 21.1 44.6 23.5 11.8 19.5 47.3 24.9 13.1 23.2
Details
A-4 Hira Baglani Village
A-5 Kunikeri Tanda Village
A-6 Huvinahalu Village
PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3) PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3) PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3)
Minimum 40.7 22.6 9.9 21.5 37.4 23.4 12.8 21.8 44.1 24.5 15.7 23.1
Maximum 48.6 27.0 17.8 31.4 45.3 28.3 20.7 31.7 50.5 28.1 24.4 31.1
Average 44.8 24.9 12.5 26.1 41.3 25.8 16.1 27.2 47.2 26.2 19.8 28.3
Details
A-7 Koppal Town
A-8 Belanalu Village
A-9 Basapur Village
PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3) PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3) PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3)
Minimum 37.7 17.9 11.3 20.4 36.9 21.7 12.7 22.9 43.4 24.1 9.7 16.5
Maximum 46.5 22.1 21.6 28.7 44.5 26.1 18.5 33.4 49.6 27.6 15.4 26.3
Average 41.6 19.8 13.8 24.2 40.2 23.7 15.5 27.8 46.6 25.9 12.9 21.9
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Table 3.17: Percentile Distributions of Various Parameters in Ambient Air Quality
Details
A-1:Project Site One at Proposed Steel Plant Site
A-2:Adjacent From One Pellet Plant A-3:Allangara Village
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
98th percentile 56.3 25.6 16.3 27.6 49.3 26.0 13.8 23.2 52.5 27.6 17.2 29.2
Details
A-4:Hira Baglani Village A-5:Kunikeri Tanda Village A-6:Huvinahalu Village
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
98th percentile 48.6 27.0 16.6 30.6 45.1 28.2 19.7 31.7 50.2 27.9 24.2 31.1
Details
A-7:Koppal Village A-8:Belanalu Village A-9:Basapur Village
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
98th percentile 46.1 22.0 18.8 28.6 44.2 26.0 18.3 32.9 49.6 27.6 15.4 26.3
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Table 3.18: National Ambient Air Quality Standards
POLLUTANT UNIT TIME
WEIGHTED AVERAGE
CONCENTRATION IN AIR
INDUSTRIAL AREAS,
RESIDENTIAL RURAL & OTHER
AREAS
SENSITIVE AREAS
PM10 µg/m3 Annual
Average 24 hours
60.0 100.0
60.0 100.0
PM2.5 µg/m3 Annual
Average 24 hours
40.0 60.0
40.0 60.0
Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx)
µg/m3 Annual
Average 24 hours
40.0 80.0
30.0 80.0
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
µg/m3 Annual
Average 24 hours
50.0 80.0
20.0 80.0
Ozone (O3) µg/m3 8 hours 1 hour
100.0 180.0
100.0 180.0
Lead (Pb) µg/m3 Annual
Average 24 hours
0.50 1.00
0.50 1.00
Carbon monoxide (CO)
mg/m3 8 hours
24 hours 2.0 4.0
2.0 4.0
Ammonia (NH3) µg/m3 Annual
24 hours 100.0 400.0
100.0 400.0
Benzene (C6H6) µg/m3 Annual 5.0 5.0
Benzo(α)Pyrene (BαP) –
Particulate Phase only
ng/m3 Annual 1.0 1.0
Aresnic (As) ng/m3 Annual 6.0 6.0
Nickel (Ni) ng/m3 Annual 20.0 20.0
Refer: GSR 826(E) dated 16th Nov. 2009
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Results
On the basis of observations the parameter wise result of monitored parameters are
discussed below.
PM10 Particulate Matter (<10 μm)
The average PM10 concentration at all air quality monitoring stations A-1, A-2, A-3, A-
4, A-5, A-6, A-7, A-8 and A-9 are 53.2, 44.6, 47.3, 44.8, 41.3, 47.2, 41.6, 40.2 and
46.6 µg/m3 respectively. All monitoring station have PM10 concentrations well within
stipulated 24 hours average limit, 100 µg/m3 as prescribed for industrial, residential,
rural and other areas as in revised NAAQ Standards from MoEF&CC. These values
represent quite satisfactory condition regarding PM10 concentration in ambient air.
PM2.5 Particulate Matter (<2.5 μm)
The average PM2.5 concentration at all air quality monitoring stations A-1, A-2, A-3, A-
4, A-5, A-6, A-7, A-8 and A-9 are 24.2, 23.5, 24.9, 24.9, 25.8, 26.2, 19.8, 23.7 and 25.9
µg/m3 respectively. All monitored stations have PM2.5 concentrations well within
stipulated annual 24 hours limit, 60µg/m3 as prescribed for industrial, residential, rural
and other areas as in revised NAAQ Standards from MoEF&CC. These values
represent quite satisfactory condition regarding PM2.5 concentration in ambient air.
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
The average SO2 concentrations at all sampling stations A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5, A-6,
A-7, A-8 and A-9 are 12.5, 11.8, 13.1, 12.5, 16.1, 19.8, 13.8, 15.5 and 12.9µg/m3
respectively. All monitored stations have SO2 concentrations well within stipulated
annual 24 hours limit, 80µg/m3 as prescribed for industrial, residential, rural and other
areas as in revised NAAQ Standards from MoEF&CC.
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
The average NOx concentrations at all sampling stations A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5, A-6,
A-7, A-8 and A-9 are 21.1, 19.5, 23.2, 26.1, 27.2, 28.3, 24.2, 27.8 and 21.9µg/m3
respectively. All monitored stations have NOX concentrations well within stipulated
annual 24 hours limit, 80µg/m3 as prescribed for industrial, residential, rural and other
areas as in revised NAAQ Standards from MoEF&CC.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Samples of air were collected and analysed for CO content. All sampling stations have
very less CO content (< 0.2 mg/m3) in comparison of stipulated annual average 2
mg/m3 limit recommended for sensitive area as in revised NAAQ Standards from
MoEF&CC.
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Ozone, Ammonia, benzene &b(α)p
Representative samples from all sampling stations were collected and analysed for
gases and compounds i.e. Ozone, Ammonia, Benzene &Benzo (α) Pyrene. The
concentrations of these gases & compounds were either absent or well within as per
NAAQ Standards from MoEF&CC.
Toxic metals (Lead, Nickel & Arsenic)
Representative samples from all sampling stations were collected and analysed for
Toxic Metals i.e. Lead, Arsenic & Nickel. The concentrations of Toxic Metals were either
below detectable limit or well within as per NAAQ Standards from MoEF&CC.
Overall Ambient Air Quality of the plant area and its buffer zone is good and there are
no any abnormal values recorded. Concentrations of all monitored parameters are
within stipulated standards from MoEF&CC AAQ Standards. Some higher values of
particulate matters are result of heavy traffic movement over highways.
3.1.3 Water Environment
The water quality monitoring stations were selected to represent the surface and
ground water quality of water bodies in and around 10 kilometre Buffer Zone of
proposed plant. Sampling stations for water were selected taking all water sources into
account, as per MoEF&CC norms.
The list of ground and surface water sampling stations selected in 10 km buffer zone of
plant expansion is presented in Table-3.19a & 3.19b and in Figure-3.5
Table-3.19a: Descriptive Listing Of Ground Water Sampling Stations
Sr.
No.
Description of the
sampling station
Sample
code
Distance from
proposed plant
Direction Zone
1. Project Site (Bore well) GW-1 Within - Core
2. Allangara Village
(Open Dug Well ) GW-2 2.5km E Buffer
3. Huvinahalu Vil lage (Hand
Pump) GW-3 4.0km W Buffer
4. Kunikeri Tanda (Bore
Well) GW-4 2.0km S Buffer
5. Koppal Village (Bore Well) GW-5 6.0km NW Buffer
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Table-3.19b: Descriptive Listing of Surface Water Sampling Stations
Sr.
No.
Description of the
sampling station
Sample
code
Distance
from
proposed
plant
Directio
n
Zone
1. Daddegallu (Hira Nalla) SW-1 8.0km W Buffer
2. Daddegallu (Hira Nalla) SW-2 9.0km W Buffer
3. Hayati Tungbhadra
Reservoir SW-3 8.0km SW Buffer
4. Hira Kasinkandi
Tungabhadra Reservoir SW-4 7.5km SE Buffer
5. Bhimanur (dam Between
Bhimanur & Halhali) SW-5 7.0km NE Buffer
Figure-3.5: Figure Showing Of Ground & Surface Water Sampling Locations
GW 1
GW 2
GW 4
GW 3
GW 5
SW 4
SW 3
SW 1
SW 2
SW 5
SURFACE WATER MONITORING STATION
GROUND WATER MONITORING STATION
76°15'
15°20'
15°15'
76°15'
76°10'
76°10'
15°25'15°25'
15°20'
15°15'
PREPARED BY-POLLUTION AND ECOLOGY CONTROL SERVICES
Village - Halavarthi, Tahsil - Koppal, District -Koppal State - Karnataka
STREAMS
RIVER / NALA
POND
ROAD
HABITATION
GRID
PROJECT SITE
INDEX
RAILWAY LINE
Halavarti
Kunikeri Tanda
Allanagara
Kidadhala
KanakapuraLingadahalli
Hire Bagnali
Hire Kasinkandi
LachankeriChikka Bagnala
TUNGABHADRATUNGABHADRA
Karkihalli
MundrigiMellekeriHyati
Kunikeri
Hosahalli
ChukkanakalliBahadurabanda
Huvinahalu
Hosa kanakpuraBevinal
GingeraBasapur
BelanaluKOPPAL
BhagyanagarYattinahatti
Mangalpur
Haratattanahalu
GbburGuddanahali
Halhalli
Tavargera
Lebigeri
TenakaaakalluChilavadgi
Naregallu
Daddegallu
Sangapura
Hanumanahalli
Katakkanahalli
Muddaballi
HIRE H
ALLA
ICH
HALA
HALLA
ADDA HALLA
HIRE H
ALLA RS
RESERVOIR RESERVOIR
WATER MONITORING STATION
Samples were collected in March-2016 from all available water sources in
the study area. Grab samples of surface and ground water were collected.
On spot analysis was carried out for the parameters like pH, Temperature,
Odour, Taste, DO etc.
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Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys.
Samples collected for metal content were acidif ied with 1.0 ml HNO 3.
Bacteriological Samples were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected
physico-chemical and bacter iological parameters have been analysed for
evaluating the existing base line water quality status in the study area.
Analytical Techniques
The analytical techniques followed for evaluation of water quality were as
per the Standard Methods for the Examina tion of water and wastewater,
22nd Edition, 2012, APHA and the methods for a few parameters is given in
the Table-3.20.
Table-3.20: Methodology for sampling and analysis of water & wastewater
Sr.
No. Parameters
Methods
(Indian Standard) Methods (APHA)
1. pH IS 3025 (part 11) : 1983 APHA-4500-H+
2. Colour IS 3025 (part 4) : 1983 APHA-2120 C
3. Odour IS 3025 (part 5) : 1983 IS:3025, part-4
4. Temperature IS 3025 (part 9) : 1984 APHA-2550 B
5. Dissolved Oxygen IS 3025 (part 38) : 1989 APHA-4500 O
6. BOD IS 3025 (part 44) : 1993 APHA-5210 B
7. COD IS 3025 (part 58) : 2006 --
8. Electrical Conductivity IS 3025 (part 14) : 1984 APHA-2510 B
9. Turbidity IS 3025 (part 10) : 1984 APHA-2130 B
10. Chlorides IS 3025 (part 32) : 1988 APHA-4500 Cl -
11. Fluorides -- APHA-4500 F
12. Total Dissolved Solids IS 3025 (part 16) : 1984 APHA-2540 C
13. Total Suspended
Solids IS 3025 (part 17) : 1984 APHA-2540 D
14. Total Hardness IS 3025 (part 21) : 1983 APHA-2340 C
15. Alkalinity IS 3025 (part 23) : 1986 APHA-2320 B
16. Sulphates IS 3025 (part 24) : 1986 APHA-4500 SO4-2
17. Calcium IS 3025 (part 40) : 1991 APHA-3120 B/ APHA-
3500 Ca
18. Magnesium IS 3025 (part 46) : 1994 APHA-3120 B/ APHA-
3500 Mg
19. Boron IS 3025 (part 57) : 2005 APHA-4500 B
20. Coliforms IS 5401 (part 1) : 2002 APHA-9215 D
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Observations
The characteristics of ground and surface water samples are presented in
Table-3.21. Desirable as well as permissible limits for each parameter
prescribed by of Indian Standard: BIS 10500:2012 are also incl uded in the
below tables.
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Table – 3.21(A): Analysis Report of Ground Water Samples
Sr. No.
Parameters Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 As Per IS 10500 of 2012
Acceptable Permissible
Physical Parameters
1 Ambient Temperature 0C 26.1 26.3 25.6 25.3 26.1 - -
2 Colour Hazen CL CL CL CL CL 5 15
3 Odour - AG AG AG AG AG AG AG
4 Taste - - - - - - AG AG
5 Turbidity NTU <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 1 5
6 pH at 25 0C - 7.7 7.4 7.1 7.2 7.4 6.5-8.5 NR
Inorganic Parameters
7 Electrical Conductivity μS/cm 898 890 816 1010 1120 - -
8 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 550 534.8 486.2 612 663.2 500 2000
9 Total Suspended Solids mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 - -
10 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3
mg/l 346 492 394 460 342 200 600
11 Total Hardness as CaCO3
mg/l 370 272 428 789 371 200 600
12 Calcium Hardness as CaCO3
mg/l 164 208 220 525 291 - -
13 Calcium as Ca++ mg/l 64.4 81.2 88.0 212.0 116.4 75 200
14 Magnesium as Mg++ mg/l 50.4 17.4 44.4 66.2 22.6 30 100
15 Sodium as Na mg/l 17.0 25.2 20.9 22.2 25.1 - -
16 Potassium as K mg/l 4.2 7.1 7.7 9.5 8.1 - -
17 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 118.7 70.3 73.4 256.7 153.4 250 1000
18 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 66.8 21.2 41.8 143.4 95.9 200 400
19 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 14.2 0.3 1.2 21.7 13.4 45 NR
20 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 1 1.5
21 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l - - - - - - -
Pollutants
22 Amonical Nitrogen as NH3-N
mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.5 NR
23 Nitri te Nitrogen as NO2- mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL - -
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N
24 Total Phosphate as PO4-P
mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL - -
25 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 NR
26 Phenolic Compounds mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001 0.002
29 Total Oil & Grease mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL - -
27 B O D 3 days 27 0C mg/l - - - - - - -
28 C O D mg/l - - - - - - -
30 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent NR
31 Poly Nuclear Hydrocarbon (PAH)
mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.0001 NR
Trace Metals
32 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.03 0.2
33 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 0.05
34 Boron as B mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.5 1.0
35 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.003 NR
36 Chromium as Cr6+ mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 NR
37 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.05 1.50
38 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.21 0.14 0.28 0.09 0.12 0.3 NR
39 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 NR
40 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 0.3
41 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001 NR
42 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 NR
43 Zinc as Zn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 5 15
Microbiology
44 Coliform MPN/100
ml <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 - -
Note:- BDL is Below Detectable Limit ; Minimum Detectable Limit For parameters tested are as Under (NO2-0.1,PO4-0.05,Oil & Grease-5,BOD-1,COD-5,Al-0.02,AS-0.02,B-0.01,Cd-0.01,Cr+6-0.05,Cu-0.03,Fe-0.05,Pb-0.05, Mn-0.02,Hg-0.001,Zn-0.01, Se =0.005 ) (Unit mg/l). NTU - nephalometery turbitity unit;; NR - no relaxation; MPN - most probable number UO - unobjectionable: AG - agreeable; NA- not applicable
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Table – 3.21(B): Analysis Report of Surface Water Samples
Sr. No.
Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5
As Per IS 10500 of 2012
Acceptable Permissible
Physical Parameters
1 Ambient Temperature 0C 26.4 27.1 26.9 26.6 26.3 - -
2 Colour Hazen CL CL CL CL CL 5 15
3 Odour - AG AG AG AG AG AG AG
4 Taste - - - - - - AG AG
5 Turbidity NTU <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 1 5
6 pH at 25 0C - 7.6 7.5 7.9 7.5 7.8 6.5-8.5 NR
Inorganic Parameters
7 Electrical Conductivity μS/cm 1200 1208 355 328 521 - -
8 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 727.2 711 215 196 320 500 2000
9 Total Suspended Solids mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 - -
10 Total Alkalinity as CaCO 3 mg/l 321 328 118 303 203 200 600
11 Total Hardness as CaCO 3 mg/l 267 254 164 190 154 200 600
12 Calcium Hardness as CaCO 3 mg/l 148 141 58 49 46 - -
13 Calcium as Ca++ mg/l 49.2 56.4 21.2 25.6 17.2 75 200
14 Magnesium as Mg++ mg/l 34.6 33.1 21.4 32.9 24.2 30 100
15 Sodium as Na mg/l 40.4 44.8 42.7 56.7 42.1 - -
16 Potassium as K mg/l 12.9 14.1 12.1 16.2 12.1 - -
17 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 220.2 209.3 41.2 49.6 73.7 250 1000
18 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 122.3 128.6 17.2 14.3 26.1 200 400
19 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.4 BDL 45 NR
20 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 1 1.5
21 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.1 6.8 5.6 5.8 6.1 - -
Pollutants
22 Amonical Nitrogen as NH3-N mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.5 NR
23 Nitrite Nitrogen as NO 2-N mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL - -
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24 Total Phosphate as PO4-P mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 BDL - -
25 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 NR
26 Phenolic Compounds mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001 0.002
29 Total Oil & Grease mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL - -
27 B O D 3 days 27 0C mg/l 28.0 29.0 23.0 26.0 15.0 - -
28 C O D mg/l 65.0 62.0 90.0 104.0 27.0 - -
30 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent NR
31 Poly Nuclear Hydrocarbon (PAH)
mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.0001 NR
Trace Metals
32 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.03 0.2
33 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 0.05
34 Boron as B mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.5 1.0
35 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.003 NR
36 Chromium as Cr6+ mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 NR
37 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.01 0.02 BDL BDL BDL 0.05 1.50
38 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.22 0.32 0.56 0.12 0.13 0.3 NR
39 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 NR
40 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 0.3
41 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001 NR
42 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 NR
43 Zinc as Zn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 5 15
Microbiology
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
44 Coliform MPN/100
ml >1100 >1100 480 240 >1100 - -
Note:- BDL is Below Detectable Limit ; Minimum Detectable Limit For parameters tested are as Under (NO2-0.1,PO4-0.05,Oil & Grease-5,BOD-1,COD-5,Al-0.02,AS-0.02,B-0.01,Cd-0.01,Cr+6-0.05,Cu-0.03,Fe-0.05,Pb-0.05, Mn-0.02,Hg-0.001,Zn-0.01, Se =0.005 ) (Unit mg/l). NTU - nephalometery turbitity unit;; NR - no relaxation; MPN - most probable number UO - unobjectionable: AG - agreeable; NA- not applicable
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Results
The results of analysis are discussed under three headings namely Organoleptic,
Chemical and Health related parameters as per findings and its significance over
environment and human being. Water quality & certain common characteristics have
been described in following paragraphs.
3.3.1 Organoleptic Parameter
A. Ambient Temperature
The ambient temperature of all ground water samples varied from 25.3 to 26.3 ºC:
while for all surface water samples varied from 26.3 to 27.1. All values of ambient
temperature for all ground and surface water samples are representing a scenario,
free of any thermal discharge.
B. Colour, Odour and Taste
Presence of these parameters gives some hints regarding source of water sample.
These parameters are checked at site with help of relevant sense-organs.
Surface water samples and ground water samples are colorless in appearance.
All surface water samples and ground water samples collected for Odour test did not
have any objectionable odour.
Any salty or metallic taste in water samples comes only if salts or metals are present
in high concentration. Here, all surface water samples and ground water samples
have agreeable taste.
C. Turbidity
Turbidity occurs due to presence of suspended matter or colour pigment in water
sample. High values of turbidity indicate abnormal activity in related area.
Turbidity values for all of samples are less than permissible limit (5 NTU) as
prescribed in IS 10500:2012.
3.3.2 Chemical Parameters
pH value
The pH values for all ground water samples are ranging between 7.1 to 7.7, whereas
pH values for all surface water samples are ranging between 7.5 to 7.9. These values
are within desirable range as per IS 10500:2012 standards for drinking water.
A. Dissolved Oxygen
All surface water samples have Dissolved Oxygen levels ranging from 5.6 to 6.8 mg/l.
B. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
The Surface water samples have BOD values ranging from 15.0 to 29.0 mg/l. These
results indicate very low organic pollution load. All BOD values are within the
prescribed limit (< 30.0 mg/l) as in IS 2490:1982.
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C. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
All surface water samples have COD values in range between 62.0 to 104.0 mg/l. All
water samples are indicating very low organic pollution load in terms of COD. All COD
values are well below the prescribed limit (< 250.0 mg/l) as in IS 2490:1982).
D. Total Dissolved Solids (DS)
The total solids in ground water are in the range of 486.2 to 663.2. All surface water
samples have dissolved solids ranges from 196 to 727 mg/l which are well below
Permissible limit of 2000 mg/l as per IS 10500:2012.
E. Chlorides
The chloride concentrations in all ground water samples have ranged between 70.3 to
256.7 mg/l and all surface water ranges from 41.2 to 220.2 mg/l these values are
below permissible limit of 1000 mg/l as prescribed in IS 10500:2012.
F. Sulphates
The Sulphate concentrations for all ground water samples are ranging between 21.2
to 143.4 mg/l, and all surface water samples ranges from 14.3 to 128.6 mg/l these
values are below acceptable limit of 200 mg/l as prescribed in IS 10500:2012.
G. Total Hardness
All ground water samples have hardness in the range of 272 to 789 mg/l and all
surface water samples ranges from 154 to 267 mg/l which are below the permissible
limit of 600 mg/l
3.3.3 Health Related Parameters
H. Fluorides
All the ground water and surface water samples have fluoride content within the range
of 0.1 to 0.3 mg/l which are much lower than acceptable limit of 1.0 mg/l as per in IS
10500:2012.
I. Nitrate
All ground and surface water samples have low nitrate concentrations ranged between
0.2 to 21.7 mg/l, and much below the acceptable limit of 45 mg/l as per in IS
10500:2012.
J. Heavy Metals
Heavy metals, Boron and other trace elements in all water samples are either absent
or wherever present were below their respective permissible limits.
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K. Coliforms
Three surface water samples have Coliforms 240 and >1100 MPN/100 ml. Thus, the
surface water samples are contaminated. This is due to surface runoff entering these
sources.
Overall quality of water samples are showing that the water sources of the area are
not polluted except the surface water samples getting contamination from surface run-
off. The coliforms values are exception otherwise all the water samples are indicating
its characteristics within limit as given in relevant Indian Standards.
3.1.4 Noise Environment
Noise is most often and mostly defined as unwanted sound. In an
environment noise affects the health or interferes with the work zone
activit ies of the people if the noise levels are more than the permissible
levels. Considerable noise gets generated in any industrial situation due to
operation of equipment.
At present, noise at area is produced due to multiple sources of commercial
activit ies, industrial activit ies and due to heavy movement of vehicles on
the road. Noise levels have measured at hourly intervals at Nine Stations
N–1 to N-9 are described at Table-3.22 and noise levels measured at all 8
sites are detailed in Table–3.23. Noise level measurement stations have
shown in Figure–3.6
Table-3.22: Details of Sampling Stations of Noise Level Measurement
Sr. No.
Description of monitored stations
Sample
code
Distance from
proposed plant
Direction
Zone Remark
1. Project Site One at Proposed Steel Plant Site
N-1 Within - Core Core zone
2. Adjacent From One Pellet Plant
N-2 Within - Core Core zone
3. Allanagar Village N-3 2.5km E Buffer Downwind
4. Hire Baganal vil lage N-4 3.5km SE Buffer Upwind
5. Kunikere Village N-5 2.0km S Buffer Downwind
6. Huvinahalu Vil lage N-6 4.0km W Buffer Downwind
7. Koppal Village N-7 6.0km NW Buffer Upwind
8. Belavinal Vil lage N-8 1.5km N Buffer Upwind
9. Basapura Village N-9 3.5km NE Buffer Downwind
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Figure-3.6: Figure Showing Locations of Noise Level Monitoring
N-2N-3
N-4N-5
N-6
N-7
N-8
NOISE MONITORING STATION
N-9
76°15'
15°20'
15°15'
76°15'
76°10'
76°10'
15°25'15°25'
15°20'
15°15'
PREPARED BY-POLLUTION AND ECOLOGY CONTROL SERVICES
Village - Halavarthi, Tahsil - Koppal, District -Koppal State - Karnataka
NOISE MONITORING STATION
Halavarti
Kunikeri Tanda
Allanagara
Kidadhala
KanakapuraLingadahalli
Hire Bagnali
Hire Kasinkandi
LachankeriChikka Bagnala
TUNGABHADRATUNGABHADRA
Karkihalli
MundrigiMellekeriHyati
Kunikeri
Hosahalli
ChukkanakalliBahadurabanda
Huvinahalu
Hosa kanakpuraBevinal
GingeraBasapur
BelanaluKOPPAL
BhagyanagarYattinahatti
Mangalpur
Haratattanahalu
GbburGuddanahali
Halhalli
Tavargera
Lebigeri
TenakaaakalluChilavadgi
Naregallu
Daddegallu
Sangapura
Hanumanahalli
Katakkanahalli
Muddaballi
HIRE H
ALLA
ICH
HALA
HALLA
ADDA HALLA
HIRE H
ALLA RS
STREAMS
RIVER / NALA
POND
ROAD
HABITATION
GRID
PROJECT SITE
INDEX
RAILWAY LINE
RESERVOIR RESERVOIR
N-1
Parameters Measured During Monitoring
For noise levels measured over a given period of t ime interval, it is
possible to describe features of noise using statistical quantit ies. This is
calculated using the percent of the time certain levels exceeds the time
interval. The notation for the statistical quantit ies of noise lev els is
described below.
i. Hourly Leq values have been computed by integrating sound level meter.
i i. Lday: As per the CPCB guidelines the day time limit is between 0600 to
2200 hours as outlined in the Ministry of Environment and Forest
Notif ication S.O. 123 (E) dated 14/02/2000.
i i i. Lnight: As per the CPCB guidelines the night t ime limit is between 2200 to
0600 hours as outlined in the Ministry of Environment and Forest
Notif ication S.O. 123 (E) dated 14/02/2000.
A noise rating developed by E P A for specif icat ion of community noise
from all the sources, is the Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn).
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Method of Monitoring
Noise level monitoring was performed April -2016. Noise level monitoring
was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour interval starting at
0030 hrs to 0030 hrs next day. The noise levels were monitored on working
days only and Sundays and Public holidays were not monitored. During
each hour Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the
sound pressure levels. L day (Ld), Ldn values were computed using
corresponding hourly Leq of day and night respectively. Monitoring was
carried out at ‘A’ response (slow mode) and at fast mode.
Observations
The observations for noise level measurement had collected for continuous
24-hours. Measured noise levels are given below in Table-3.23
Table-3.23: Measured Noise Levels At Monitored Stations Noise Level in dB(A)
Time (Hrs) Stations Code
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9
Day Time
600 38.0 38.3 38.5 38.7 39.3 39.1 39 39.3 38.9
700 38.4 38.7 38.9 39.1 38.7 38.5 40.8 41.1 40.7
800 39.4 39.7 39.9 40.1 40.8 40.6 39.7 40 39.6
900 41.5 41.8 42.0 42.2 41.1 40.9 40.4 40.7 40.3
1000 39.7 40.0 40.2 40.4 39.9 39.7 39.9 40.2 39.8
1100 41.2 41.5 41.7 41.9 41.0 40.8 41.9 42.2 41.8
1200 41.5 41.8 42.0 42.2 44.0 43.8 43.4 43.7 43.3
1300 45.9 46.2 46.4 46.6 41.9 41.7 42.4 42.7 42.3
1400 48.5 48.8 49.0 49.2 40.5 40.3 43 43.3 42.9
1500 50.4 50.7 50.9 51.1 43.8 43.6 41.2 41.5 41.1
1600 51.8 52.1 52.3 52.5 45.9 45.7 44.6 44.9 44.5
1700 53.4 53.7 53.9 54.1 48.0 47.8 43.2 43.5 43.1
1800 54.8 55.1 55.3 55.5 46.0 45.8 42 42.3 41.9
1900 52.4 52.7 52.9 53.1 41.9 41.7 50 50.3 49.9
2000 48.9 49.2 49.4 49.6 41.1 40.9 50.4 50.7 50.3
2100 49.5 49.8 50.0 50.2 40.4 40.2 44 44.3 43.9
2200 51.1 51.4 51.6 51.8 42.9 42.7 47 47.3 46.9
Night Time
2300 45.9 46.2 46.4 46.6 44.4 46.2 42.9 43.2 42.8
2400 48.5 48.8 49 49.2 43.8 45.6 41.1 41.4 41.0
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100 48.2 48.5 48.7 48.9 39.9 41.7 44.4 44.7 44.3
200 46.5 46.8 47 47.2 40.9 42.7 46.4 46.7 46.3
300 45.2 45.5 45.7 45.9 38.7 40.5 42.4 42.7 42.3
400 41.9 42.2 42.4 42.6 39.7 39.5 40.1 40.4 40.0
500 39.6 39.9 40.1 40.3 38.9 40 40.8 41.1 40.7
Range 38.0 - 54.8
38.3 - 55.1
38.5 - 55.3
38.7 - 55.5
38.7 - 48.0
38.5 - 47.8
39.0 - 50.4
39.4 - 50.7
38.9 - 50.3
Results
It has found that in the proposed plant buffer zone, noise levels are in the range of 38.0
– 55.5 dB(A) at all nine stations. Maximum levels of noise have recorded in day hours
which are natural as our most of activities have done in day hours.
3.1.5 Soil Environment Soil samples were collected at selected locations in the study area to
assess the existing soil conditions around the proposed plant expansion
area. This will establish the baseline cha racteristics and will facilitate
identifying the incremental concentrations due to the proposed project at a
later stage. The baseline characteristics, which are analysed now, include
the impact on soil due to all the miscellaneous activit ies and natural s oil
quality. The soil quality data have generated for April -2016.
Overall, f ive sampling locations have been selected at proposed study
area. The locations of sampling station are given at Table-3.24 and the
locations of soil sampling points have shown in Figure-3.7
Table-3.24: Details of Soil Sampling Locations
Sr. No.
Sampling Sites Station Code
Distance from proposed plant
Area
Direction Zone
1. Project site (Barren Land) S – 1 Within - Core
2. Hire Baganal (Agri. Land) S – 2 4.0km SE Buffer
3. Kunikeri (agri. Land) S – 3 1.5km NW Buffer
4. Huvinahalu (Barren Land) S – 4 Within - Core
5. Belanalu (Agri. Land) S – 5 1.6km SE Buffer
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Figure3.7: Figure Showing Locations of Soil Sampling Locations
15°25'15°25'
15°20'
15°15'
PREPARED BY-POLLUTION AND ECOLOGY CONTROL SERVICES
Village - Halavarthi, Tahsil - Koppal, District -Koppal State - Karnataka
S-1
S-5
S-2S-3
S-4
SOIL MONITORING STATION
SOIL MONITORING STATION
Halavarti
Kunikeri Tanda
Allanagara
Kidadhala
KanakapuraLingadahalli
Hire Bagnali
Hire Kasinkandi
LachankeriChikka Bagnala
TUNGABHADRATUNGABHADRA
Karkihalli
MundrigiMellekeriHyati
Kunikeri
Hosahalli
ChukkanakalliBahadurabanda
Huvinahalu
Hosa kanakpuraBevinal
GingeraBasapur
BelanaluKOPPAL
BhagyanagarYattinahatti
Mangalpur
Haratattanahalu
GbburGuddanahali
Halhalli
Tavargera
Lebigeri
TenakaaakalluChilavadgi
Naregallu
Daddegallu
Sangapura
Hanumanahalli
Katakkanahalli
Muddaballi
HIRE H
ALLA
ICH
HALA
HALLA
ADDA HALLA
HIRE H
ALLA RS
STREAMS
RIVER / NALA
POND
ROAD
HABITATION
GRID
PROJECT SITE
INDEX
RAILWAY LINE
RESERVOIR RESERVOIR
76°15'
15°20'
15°15'
76°15'
76°10'
76°10'
Methodology of Sampling & Analysis
Samples were col lected of April-2016 from all the sources. Total f ive
samples from f ive different locations of three different depths viz. 0 -30, 30-
60 and 60-90 cm below the surface and homogenized from each. This
method is in line with IS: 2720 & Methods of Soil Analysis , Part-1, 2nd
edition, 1986 (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science of
America). Samples were collected from two types i.e. agriculture land and
Barren land. The soil samples were collected and analyses once during
study period.
The homogenized samples were analysed for physical and chemical
characteristics. The samples have been analysed as per the established
scientif ic methods for physico-chemical parameters. The parameters and
relevant standard methods have described in Table-3.25.
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Table-3.25: Analytical Techniques for Soil Analysis
Parameters Method (Indian Standard)
Method (ASTM number)
Particle size distribution
IS 2720 Sieve analysis (D 422 – 63)
Natural Moisture IS 2720 -
Texture Classif ication
IS 2720 Chart developed by Public Roads Administration
Inf iltration rate IS 2720 Inf iltrometer
Liquid Limit IS 2720 -
Plastic Limit IS 2720 -
Bulk density IS 2720 Sand replacement, core cutter
Porosity IS 2720 Void ratio
pH IS 2720 pH meter (D 1293 – 84)
Electrical conductivity
IS 2720 Conductivity meter (D 1125 – 82)
Nitrogen IS 2720 Kjeldahl distil lation (D 3590 – 84)
Phosphorous IS 2720 Molybdenum blue, colorimetric (D 515 – 82)
Potassium IS 2720 Flame Photometer (D 1428 – 82)
Observations:
The physico-chemical characteristics of soil samples have reported in
Table-3.26 to Table-3.30.
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Table-3.26: Barren Land Project Site (S-1)
Sr. No.
Parameters Unit S-1
00.0 - 30.0 cm
30.0 - 60.0 cm
60.0 - 90.0 cm
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1 Colour -- Red Red Red
2 Soil Texture -- Loam Silt loam Silt loam
3 Grain Size Distribution %
Gravel 2 2 2
Sand 38 34 32
Silt 47 50 52
Clay 13 14 14
4 Natural Moisture Content
% 6 6 8
5 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.71 1.73 1.70
6 Liquid Limit % 40 41 43
7 Plastic Limit % 19 20 20
8 Porosity % 54.42 54.31 55.08
9 Water Retention Capacity
% 35.09 33.46 37.44
B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1 pH - 6.68 7.12 6.89
2 Electrical Conductivity
mmhos/cm 0.028 0.034 0.032
3 Organic Matter % 0.34 0.54 0.41
4 Calcium as Ca++ mg/kg 1.8 2.1 3.2
5 Magnesium as Mg++ mg/kg 2.1 1.2 1.8
6 Chlorides as Cl mg/kg 12.9 15.4 18.1
7 Sulphates as SO4 mg/kg 111.0 123.0 132.0
8 Total Nitrogen as N kg/ha 145.0 233.1 188.2
9 Total Phosphorous as P
kg/ha 23.4 31.0 34.7
10 Total Potassium as K kg/ha 256.6 307.1 317.2
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Table-3.27: Agriculture Land In Hira Baglani Village (S-2)
Sr. No.
Parameters Unit
S-2
00.0 - 30.0 cm
30.0 - 60.0 cm
60.0 - 90.0 cm
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1 Colour -- Red Red Red
2 Soil Texture -- Sandy loam
Loamy sand
Loamy sand
3 Grain Size Distribution %
Gravel 2 Nil 2
Sand 62 83 76
Silt 30 14 18
Clay 6 3 4
4 Natural Moisture Content
% 14 11 13
5 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.91 1.90 1.93
6 Liquid Limit % Nil Nil Nil
7 Plastic Limit % Nil Nil Nil
8 Porosity % 57.17 59.94 38.25
9 Water Retention Capacity
% 30.78 22.49 27.48
B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1 pH - 8.01 7.88 7.87
2 Electrical Conductivity
mmhos/cm 0.067 0.075 0.068
3 Organic Matter % 0.39 0.12 0.32
4 Calcium as Ca++ mg/kg 3.9 2.3 2.1
5 Magnesium as Mg++ mg/kg 2.7 2.2 1.8
6 Chlorides as Cl mg/kg 21.3 32.5 22.8
7 Sulphates as SO4 mg/kg 134.0 121.0 145.0
8 Total Nitrogen as N kg/ha 123.5 112.2 188.2
9 Total Phosphorous as P
kg/ha 29.8 41.8 16.2
10 Total Potassium as K
kg/ha 280.1 177.7 219.1
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Table-3.28: Waste Land In Kunikeri Tanda Village (S-3)
Sr. No.
Parameters Unit
S-3
00.0 - 30.0 cm
30.0 - 60.0 cm
60.0 - 90.0 cm
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1 Colour -- Red Red Red
2 Soil Texture -- Silt loam Silt loam Loam
3 Grain Size Distribution %
Gravel 2 2 2
Sand 32 33 36
Silt 50 50 48
Clay 16 15 14
4 Natural Moisture Content
% 4 7 7
5 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.66 1.71 1.72
6 Liquid Limit % 43 44 42
7 Plastic Limit % 20 20 19
8 Porosity % 43.44 38.69 36.44
9 Water Retention Capacity
% 31.34 31.20 31.55
B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1 pH - 8.81 7.98 7.67
2 Electrical Conductivity
mmhos/cm 0.032 0.036 0.038
3 Organic Matter % 0.28 0.43 0.68
4 Calcium as Ca++ mg/kg 1.3 1.1 2.1
5 Magnesium as Mg++ mg/kg 1.9 0.8 1.2
6 Chlorides as Cl mg/kg 121.2 122.1 112.0
7 Sulphates as SO4 mg/kg 111.0 98.0 88.0
8 Total Nitrogen as N kg/ha 182.3 113.7 154.9
9 Total Phosphorous as P
kg/ha 32.9 34.1 43.9
10 Total Potassium as K kg/ha 272.8 275.0 304.1
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Table-3.29: Barren Land In Huvinahalu Village (S-4)
Sr. No.
Parameters Unit
S-4
00.0 - 30.0 cm
30.0 - 60.0 cm
60.0 - 90.0 cm
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1 Colour -- Red Red Red
2 Soil Texture -- Sandy loam
Sandy loam
Sandy loam
3 Grain Size Distribution %
Gravel 7 12 22
Sand 61 63 48
Silt 28 22 24
Clay 4 3 6
4 Natural Moisture Content
% 5 4 6
5 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.78 1.79 1.84
6 Liquid Limit % Nil Nil Nil
7 Plastic Limit % Nil Nil Nil
8 Porosity % 46.64 45.28 54.97
9 Water Retention Capacity
% 21.53 22.15 20.32
B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1 pH - 6.05 5.98 6.03
2 Electrical Conductivity
mmhos/cm 0.026 0.027 0.022
3 Organic Matter % 0.32 0.51 0.29
4 Calcium as Ca++ mg/kg 3.2 1.7 1.1
5 Magnesium as Mg++ mg/kg 1.1 1.2 0.9
6 Chlorides as Cl mg/kg 66.1 81.2 72.3
7 Sulphates as SO4 mg/kg 43.0 34.0 31.0
8 Total Nitrogen as N kg/ha 132.0 142.3 132.9
9 Total Phosphorous as P
kg/ha 42.1 89.0 88.0
10 Total Potassium as K kg/ha 236.5 234.7 221.6
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Table-3.30: Agriculture Land In Belanalu Village (S-5)
Sr. No.
Parameters Unit
S-5
00.0 - 30.0 cm
30.0 - 60.0 cm
60.0 - 90.0 cm
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1 Colour -- Red Red Red
2 Soil Texture -- Loam Loam Loam
3 Grain Size Distribution %
Gravel 4 6 4
Sand 40 32 43
Silt 44 41 42
Clay 12 11 11
4 Natural Moisture Content
% 12 13 13
5 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.83 1.66 1.85
6 Liquid Limit % 38 37 36
7 Plastic Limit % 17 17 17
8 Porosity % 51.39 53.14 52.28
9 Water Retention Capacity
% 22.00 20.73 22.97
B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1 pH - 7.80 7.91 7.64
2 Electrical Conductivity
mmhos/cm 0.084 0.061 0.068
3 Organic Matter % 0.43 0.38 0.44
4 Calcium as Ca++ mg/kg 1.4 4.2 2.4
5 Magnesium as Mg++ mg/kg 2.2 2.3 2.1
6 Chlorides as Cl mg/kg 32.1 23.4 35.1
7 Sulphates as SO4 mg/kg 54.0 43.0 48.0
8 Total Nitrogen as N kg/ha 124.8 121.9 134.9
9 Total Phosphorous as P
kg/ha 91.0 76.3 65.1
10 Total Potassium as K kg/ha 352.1 307.8 309.8
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Standard Soil Classification
Standard soil classif ication regarding agriculture, in view of its test
parameters, is detailed below in Table-3.31. The use of soil for agriculture
or for other use may be decided on basis of soil characteristics.
Table-3.31: Standard Soil Classification
SR. NO.
TEST PARAMETERS
CLASSIFICATION
1. pH
< 4.50 extremely acidic 4.51-5.00 very strongly acidic 5.01-5.50 strongly acidic 5.51-6.00 moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 neutral
7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline > 9.0 very strongly alkaline (* tolerable to crops)
2.
Salinity or Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm) (1mmhos/cm = 640 ppm)
upto 1.00 average 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops > 3.00 sensitive to salts
3. Organic Carbon (%)
upto 0.30 very less 0.31-0.40 less 0.41-0.50 medium 0.51-0.80 on an average suff icient
0.81-1.00 sufficient > 1.0 more than suff icient
4. Nitrogen (kg/ha) upto 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good
151-300 better > 300 sufficient
5. Phosphorous (kg/ha)
upto 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium
51-65 on an average suff icient 65-80 suff icient > 80 more than sufficient
6. Potassium (kg/ha)
0 very less 120-180 less 181-240 medium
241-300 average 301-360 better > 360 more than suff icient
Source: Hand book of Agr iculture ICAR (Indian Council of Agr iculture Research
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Results and Discussion
The observations of soil characteristics are discussed parameter wise
below.
a. Texture of soil samples from agriculture lands are sandy loam, silt loam
and loam. Samples from barren lands are loam and silt - loam in Texture
Classif ication.
b. Colour of soil samples from agriculture and barren land are red in colou r.
c. The bulk density of soil samples from agriculture land are in the range of
1.66 to 1.93 g/cc and sample from Barren land are in the range of 1.70 to
1.84 g/cc.
d. Soil samples from agriculture land have pH values 7.64 to 8.81 and sample
from barren land have 5.98 to 7.12 ranges of pH values. The pH values are
indicating nature of soil samples is neutral to alkaline.
e. Soil samples from agriculture land have conductivities 0.032 to 0.084
mmhos/cm however; conductivity of soil sample from barren land ran ges
between 0.022 to 0.034 mmhos/cm.
f. Soil samples from agriculture land have Organic Matter 0.12 to 0.68 % and
sample from barren land have between 0.29 to 0.54 % Organic Matter.
These values represent good fertility of soils.
g. Soil samples from agriculture land have concentration of Available
Nitrogen values ranged 112.2 to 188.2 kg/ha and samples from barren land
range between 132.0 to 233.1 kg/ha Available Nitrogen value.
h. Soil sample from agriculture land have concentration of Available
Phosphorous values ranged 16.2 to 91.0 kg/ha and soil samples from
barren land have concentration values ranges from 23.4 to 89.0 kg/ha.
i. Soil sample from agriculture land have concentration of Available
Potassium values range between 177.7 to 352.1 kg/ha, whereas sample
from barren lands concentration of Available Potassium as its values range
234.7 to 317.2 kg/ha.
Characteristic of barren and on agriculture land soil is a litt le deficient in
nutrients concentration. Whereas, two agricultural land soils are moderately
suitable for cultivation of climatic crops and have good fertility.
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3.1.6 Land Environment
General topography of the area is gradually undulating to flat, known as northern
"Maidan" region where the area is sloping towards south and south-east. Low
isolated hill ranges or hillocks marked by this area. These hills are of granites and
Dharwad schists. Most of them are bare or with very sparse vegetation cover. At
many places, heaps of bare rock boulders can be observed. Their direction is
mainly from the north-west to the south or the south-east and their height varies
between 530 m and 570 m above MSL while the average height of the terrain is
around 500 m above the MSL.
The undulating terrain and valley portions are marked prominently by black cotton
soil in the western and northern part of the study area and the remaining part are
dominated by red loamy soil. These soils are dissected by most of small non-
perennial streams.
Few streams are there which the tributaries of Tungabhadra River are. Few water
ponds namely Ginigera tank, Pond near Kunikeri village, Pond near Kerehalli
village exists in the study area. Part of the Tungabhadra River and the part of
reservoir of Tungabhadra dam falls in the general study area.
Due to the scanty rainfall from south-west monsoon and poor soil condition in the
area, the vegetative growth is limited near the watercourses and that too is
observed on the banks of the Tungabhadra River and canals.
Land use pattern of the study area has been assessed through Remote Sensing
methodology using IRS-P6, LISS-III geocoded images. Figure-3.8 shows
the satellite imagery around the Project.
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Figure-3.8: Figure showing satellite imagery
Land use / land cover categories identified in the area are Agriculture, Built -up,
Forest, Industry, Mining, Open Land, Reservoir, River, Wasteland and Waterbody.
The land use pattern of the study area is given below and in detail presented in
Figure-3.9 and Table–3.32.
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Figure-3.9: Figure Land Use / Land Cover Map of 10Km Radius.
Table-3.32: Land Use / Land Cover in 10 Km Radius
Land use / Land
cover Area Ha. % To Total
Agriculture 17699.25 56.0186176
Built-up 1870.46 5.92005324
Forest 648.99 2.05407101
Industry 556.41 1.76104171
Mining Area 1340.07 4.24135136
Open Land 2625.47 8.30968081
Reservoir 2751.14 8.70744782
River 197.66 0.62560244
Wasteland 3739.05 11.8341801
Waterbody 166.81 0.52795395
Total Area 31595.31 100
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List of Major Industries in Study Area
Table-3.33: List of Major Industries in 10 Km Radius
Sr. No Name of Industries Distance
1 Scan Ispat Pvt Ltd. 05 kms by road
2 Xindia Steels Limited. 12 kms by road
3 Hospet Steels Limited. 8 kms by road
4 Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Ltd. 15 kms by road
5 Tungabhadra Fertilizers & Chemicals
ltd 20 kms by road
6 Coca Cola Limited 8 kms by road
3.1.7 Geology
Regional Geology
The geological history of Karnataka is largely confined to the two oldest
areas -
The Archean
The Proterozoic
The rest of the great periods from Cambrian to Recent hardly represented
but for minor sediments of recent age along the coastal margin to the west.
Thus the bulk of the rocks of Karnataka, therefore are Archean in age going
back to the very dawn of geological history. The study area largely falls in
the basin of Tungabhadra River. It lays between two major river systems of
South India namely the Krishna and the Tungabhadra. The area is marked
with undulating topography with granite hil ls and a few chains of hills
composed of Dharwad schists.
The Geological Time-Scale in Karnataka is as given below:
Laterite, alluvium, black soils
Coastal Tertiary
Deccan Volcanic
Bhima
Badami
Hospet Granite
Dharwar Schist Belt
Kolar type Auriferous Schist Belt
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Older Gneissic Complex
Ancient Supracrustals (Sargar Group)
Basement not seen
Local Geology
The main rock types found in the Study Area are:
Table-3.34: The Rock Types Found in the Study Area
Sr
.
No
Rock Series Description
1. Pleistocene and Recent Reddish, light green, reddish brown and black
soils
2. Precambrian: Kaladgi
series Sandstone and conglomerate basic dyke
3. Archaean
i. Peninsular Complex Granite porphyrit ic, Red Seynite Pink genesis
Grey genesis
i i. Dharwars
Chlorite schist, Talc chlorite schist,
Ferruginous quartzite, Hornblende schist,
Granodiorite rocks, Quartzite, Amphibolite
Stratigraphy around Ginigera and Koppal is as follows:
Table-3.35: Stratigraphic sequence observed around Koppal & Ginigera
Pleistocene & Recent Reddish brown and black Soil
Peninsular Complex
Granite porphyry
Pink and Grey Gneiss's
Dharwar Super Group
Ferruginous Quartzite
Granodiorite rock
Quartzite
Amphibolite
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Dharwar:
The Dharwar series of rocks occur in the form
of three prominent bands viz., the Kustagi
band, the Maski band, and the Raichur band.
The Kustagi band and Maski band and minor
patches of Dharwar are made of a
metamorphic series comprising chlorite
schist, banded ferruginous Quartzite’s,
hornblende schist, trappoid schist, diabotic
schist and Amphibolite.
3.1.8 Flora & Fauna
Ecosystems play a key role in balancing the human-environment relations. Their
plant species consumes solar radiation along with water and minerals and
produces food and oxygen rich air for other components of ecosystem. They also
accumulate the toxic air pollutants whereas animal population consumes organic
waste. They are particularly valuable as repositories of many unique varieties of
flora and fauna.
Large-scale development projects alter the natural surrounding and hence impact
on ecosystem and its components i.e. flora and fauna, is obvious. Before
implementing such projects, it is vital to understand the baseline status of floral
and faunal diversity. The baseline data helps to design project in such a way that
any harmful impacts on the vegetation and fauna can be avoided. It also provides
an insight to mitigate plans to reorganize adverse impact on the natural
surroundings.
An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to
listing of species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological (Terrestrial
and Aquatic ecosystem) conditions.
The core study area is 10 km radius around the proposed site. The general
topography of the area is gradually undulating to flat. It is sloping towards
southeast. It is marked with isolated hill ranges or hillocks. These hills are of
granites and Dharwar schists. The rocks exposed in the area are Pre-Cambrians.
The hills are made up of granites and meta-sediments such as Quartzite, BHQ.
The oldest rocks exposed in the area are peninsular gneiss and it is exposed in
the riverbed. Hills formed due to BHQ and meta-sediments have flat tops and
gentle slopes, whereas granitic hills are dome shaped as they are made up of
massive granite boulders on top of each other. Most of them were bare or with
very scanty vegetation. Heap of bare rock boulders was a common feature of this
area. The average elevation of land surface is 500 m above the MSL.
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Flora
Natural flora and fauna are important features of environment. They are organized
into communities with mutual dependencies among their members and show
various responses and sensitivities to outside influences. Therefore, nature of
development and baseline characteristics of terrestrial flora and fauna around the
site of existing activities is required to be assessed. Assessment of study area was
carried out by collecting field data and collating available information.
The topography and relief of the area is southward. The study area best
represents as arid or semi-arid region. The vegetation is very sparse consisting
mainly stunted, thorny or prickly shrubs and herbs capable of drought resistance.
Trees are very few and scattered. The vegetation can be described as scrubland
and almost xerophytic in nature. The floristic survey was carried out in the
proposed area. Overall 346 plant species have been recorded.
The total genera of plants are 247 and species 346 belonging to 80 families;
indicating the floristic richness of the area. However, these species are very
sparse in their distribution. The most dominant genera were Acacia and Cassia (8
species each) followed by Euphorbia and Ficus (7 species each) and Cyperus (5
species). The most dominant family was Asteraceae(25 species) followed by
family Fabaceae and Poaceae (22 species each). These are followed by,
Mimosaceae (19 species), Caesalpinaceae and Euphorbiaceae (16 species each),
Asclepiadaceae (11 species) and Cucurbitaceae (10 species).
There was predominance of herbs (114) and shrubs (86) followed by trees (74),
climbers (30) and grasses (19), sedges (06), palms (03). The common climbers
are Sarcostemma brevistigma (Photo-2), Wattakaka volubilis, Pergularia daemia,
Cocculus villosus, and Rivea ornate.
Herbaceous Flora of the Area
The most frequent and abundant herbaceous flora includes the species like
Parthenium, Evolvulus, Spermacoce, Hedyotis, Alysicarpus, Leucas, Mollugo,
Euphorbia, Pulicaria, Polygala, Cassia, along with the grasses like Aristida,
Heteropogon, Melanocenchrus, Tripogon, Chloris, Chrysopogon, Sporobolus,
Dactyloctenium etc.
The herbaceous vegetation was surveyed by random walk through the forest,
agriculture, and pasturelands. The abundant herb species includes Celosia
argentea, Aca/ypha indica, Lepidagathis sp, Ageratum sp., Euphorbia sp.,
Tephrosia sp., Cassia sp., Alysicarpus sp., Leucas sp., Sida sp., Boerrhavia sp.,
Polygala sp., Amaranthus sp., Evolvulus sp., Parthenium sp., Tridax sp., etc.
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Grasses and Sedges
The ecological surveys also include the documentation of grasses and sedges.
The grasses and sedges occupy important status in the herbaceous flora. The
grasses usually manage to grow on outskirts of the forests, in degraded forests,
and wastelands, whereas the sedges are adapted to grow along the watercourse.
The grasses are useful as fodder and subsequent grazing and to check the
exposure of soil. The important grass species comprising the region are Digitaria,
Dimeria, Dactyloctenium, Aristida, Chloris, Setaria, Cenchrus, and Cyperus sp.
Weed Flora
The area represents agriculture as major land use pattern. Majority of land is canal
or well irrigated. As a result large number of weeds grow in the agricultural fields.
Especially the irrigated fields are having high number of weeds. The weed density
may vary depending on the season. The typical weeds of the area recorded are
Bidens sp., Blumea sp., Cassia sp., Desmodium sp., Alternanthera sp., Acalypha
sp., Ageratum sp., Alysicarpus sp., Argemone mexicana, Euphorbia sp. Etc.
The Exotic flora
The local people cultivate many ornamentals. horticultural plants. important
vegetables, trees, shrubs and climbers for aesthetic purpose These represent
fairly high number of exotic species. It has further enriched the flora. The forest
department has introduced some species for plantation, which involves Eucalyptus
sp. and Casuarina equisetifolia. Among the exotic flora most common species are
Delonix regia, Eucalyptus sp., Pithecolobium dulce, Polyalthia longifolia, Plumeria
alba, Nerium odorum, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Canna indica, etc. Some of the
species are now naturalized in the area though they are exotic in nature. These
include Casuarina, Prosopis juliflora, and Leucaena etc.
Agriculture Pattern
The main and use in around the proposed area is farming, mainly cultivated
with crops like Sugarcane (Saccharum off icinarum), Rice (Oryza sativa),
Wheat (Trit icum aetivum), Red gram (Cajanus cajan) and Groundnut
(Arachis hypogea).
The other crops taken are Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Bajara
(Pennisettum sp.) and Jwari (Sorghum vulgare). The leafy vegetable crops
are Brassica oleracea var capitata, Spinac ia oleracea, Coriandrum sativum,
and Amaranthus sp. The Peucedanum graveolens (Shepu) is found
cultivated occasionally. The fruit vegetables are Tomato (Lycopersicon
esculenta), Brinjal (Solanum melongea) and Capsicum annum.
The important fruit plants are Musa paradisica (Banana), Mangifera indica
(Mango), Carica papaya (Papita), Psidium guyava and Syzigium cumini
(Jamun). Occasionally, Achrus sapota was found grown nearby the houses.
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The wild fruit species are Ziziphus maurit iana, Carissa spinarum and
Cordia dichotoma. The farms are interspersed with human habitation,
villages and townships.
The most common grasses Cenchrus barbatus, Lasiurus hirsutus,
cymbopogon jwarancusa and Aristida sp. are found to grow in this region.
Table-3.36: List of Plant Species Recorded From the Study Area
Botanical Name Habit Family
Trees
Acacia chundra (Roxb. ex Rottler) Willd. Tree Mimosaceae
Acacia farnesiana Willd. Tree Mimosaceae
Acacia ferruginea DC. Tree Mimosaceae
Acacia leucophloea Willd. Tree Mimosaceae
Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. Tree Mimosaceae
Aegle marmelos Corr. Tree Rutaceae
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Tree Simaroubaceae
Albizzia lebbek Benth. Tree Mimosaceae
Albizzia procera Benth. Tree Mimosaceae
Anogeissus pendula Edgew. Tree Combretaceae
Areca catechu L. Tree Arecaceae
Azadirachta indica Juss. Tree Meliaceae
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. Tree Balanitaceae
Bauhinia purpurea Linn. Tree Caesalpinaceae
Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. Tree Caesalpinaceae
Bauhinia variegata Linn. Tree Caesalpinaceae
Borassus f labellifer Linn. Tree Arecaceae
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Tree Fabaceae
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Botanical Name Habit Family
Carica papaya Linn. Tree Caricaceae
Cassia f istula Linn Tree Caesalpinaceae
Cassia siamea Lamk. Tree Caesalpinaceae
Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. Tree Casuarinaceae
Ceiba pentandra Gaertn. Tree Bombacaceae
Cocos nucifera Linn. Tree Arecaceae
Cordia dichotoma Forst.f. Tree Boraginaceae
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Tree Fabaceae
Delonix regia (Bojer) Raf. Tree Caesalpinaceae
Dolichandrone sp. Tree Bignoniaceae
Etythrina indica Lam. Tree Fabaceae
Eucalyptus sp. Tree Myrtaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pulchen-ima Wilid. Tree
Euphorbia tirucalli Linn. Tree Euphorbiaceae
Ficus bengalensis Linn Tree Moraceae
Ficus benjamina Linn. Tree Moraceae
Ficus racemosa L. Tree Moraceae
Ficus religiosa Linn. Tree Moraceae
Holoptelia integrifolia Planch Tree Ulmaceae
Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don Tree Bignoniaceae
Kigelia pinnata DC. Tree Bignoniaceae
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. Tree Mimosaceae
Mangifera indica L. Tree Anacardiaceae Meliaceae
Melia azedarach L. Tree Meliaceae
Millingtonia hortensis Linn. Tree Bignoniaceae
Moringa oleifera Lam. Tree Moringaceae
Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex K. Heyne Tree Caesalsinaceae
Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. Tree Arecaceae
Pithecolobium dulce Benth. Tree Mimosaceae
Pithecolobium samara Benth. Tree Mimosaceae
Plumeria acutifolia Poir. Tree lApocynaceae
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Botanical Name Habit Family
Plumeria alba Linn. Tree Apocynaceae
Polyalthea longifolia (Sonnerat) Thw. Tree Annonaceae
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Tree Fabaceae
Prosopis spicigera Linn. Tree Mimosaceae
Santalum album Linn. Tree Santalaceae
Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Tree Bignoniaceae
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Tree Myrtaceae
Tectona grandis Linn. Tree Verbenaceae
Terminalia catappa Linn. Tree Combretaceae
Thespesia populnea Soland Tree Malvaceae
Thevetia neriifolia Juss. Tree Apocynaceae
Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Tree Apocynaceae
Ziziphus maurit iana Lam. Tree Rhamnaceae
Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. Tree Rhamnaceae
Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Wiild. Tree Rhamnaceae
Shrubs
Abutilon indicum Sweet. Shrub Malvaceae
Adhatoda vasica Nees. Shrub Acanthaceae
Aerua lanata Juss. Shrub Amaranthaceae
(Agave americana Linn. Shrub Agavaceae
Agave cantala Roxb. Shrub Agavaceae
Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wangerin Shrub Alangiaceae
Aloe vera Linn. Shrub Liliaceae
Annona squamosa L. Shrub Annonaceae
Asclepias curasavica Linn. Shrub Asclepiadaceae
Asparagus officinalis Linn. Shrub Asparagaceae
Barleria prionitis Linn. Shrub Acanthaceae
Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming Shrub Caesalpinaceae
Calotropis gigantea R.Br. Shrub Asclepiadaceae
Calotropis procera R. Br. Shrub Asclepiadaceae
Canna indica Linn. Shrub Cannaceae
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Botanical Name Habit Family
Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Teys. & Binn. Shrub Rubiaceae
Capparis decidua Pax. Shrub Capparaceae
Carissa spinarum Linn. Shrub Apocynaceae
Cassia auriculata L. Shrub Caesalpinaceae
Cassia occidentalis Linn. Shrub Caesalpinaceae
Cassia sophera Linn. Shrub Caesalpinaceae
Catunaregam spinarum (Thunb) Tirveng Shrub Rubiaceae
Chromolaena odorata (L.) King Robinson Shrub Asteraceae
Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze Shrub Verbenaceae
Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. Shrub Verbenaceae
Commiphora sp. Shrub Burserac.:eae
Crossandra undulaefolia Salisb. Shrub Acanthaceae
Croton gibsoni Grah. Shrub Euphorbiaceae
Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Etting. Shrub Loranthaceae
Dichrostachys cinerea Wight & Arn. Shrub Mimosaceae
Dodonaea viscosa L. Shrub Sapindaceae
Duranta plumieri Jacq. Shrub iVerbenaceae
Euphorbia antiquorum Linn Shrub Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia ligularia Roxb. Shrub Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia trigona Shrub Euphorbiaceae
Ficus asperrima Roxb. Shrub Moraceae
Flacourtia indica Merr. Shrub Flacourtiaceae
Helianthus annuus Linn. Shrub Asteraceae
Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Shrub Apocynaceae
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet Shrub Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Shrub Convolvulaceae
lxora nigricans Br. Shrub Rubiaceae
Jasminum auriculatum Vahl. Shrub Oleaceae
Jasminum grandif lorum Linn. Shrub Oleaceae
Jasminum sambac Ait Shrub Oleaceae
Jatropha gossypifolia Linn. Shrub Euphorbiaceae
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Botanical Name Habit Family
Lantana camara Linn. Shrub Verbenaceae
Maerua arenaria (DC.) Hook. Shrub Capparaceae
Maytenus rothiana (Walp.) Lobreau. Shrub Celastraceae
Mimosa hamata Willd Shrub Mimosaceae
Morus a/ba Linn. Shrub Moraceae
Murraya koenigii Spreng. Shrub Rutaceae
Musa bulbisianacoll ia Shrub Musaceae
Musa paradisiaca Linn. Shrub Musaceae
Nerium odorum Soland. Shrub Apocynaceae
Ocimum cannum Sims. Shrub Lamiaceae
Ocimum sanctum Linn. Shrub Lamiaceae
.Opuntia dillenii Haw. Shrub Cactaceae
Opuntia nigricans Haw. Shrub Cactaceae
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Shrub Euphorbiaceae
Prosopis julif lora (Swartz) DC. Shrub Mimosaceae
Psidium guyava Linn. Shrub Myrtaceae
Punica granatum Linn. Shrub Punicaceae
Pupalia lappacea Moq. Shrub Amaranthaceae
Ravenala madagascarensis Sonnerat Shrub Musaceae
Ricinus communis Linn. Shrub Euphorbiaceae
Sansevieria zeylanica Willd. Shrub Haemadoraceae
Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell. Shrub Euphorbiaceae
Solanum melongena Linn. Shrub Solanaceae
Tecoma stans Juss. Shrub Bignoniaceae
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Shrub Tiliaceae
Typha angustifolia Sibth. & Sm. Shrub Typhaceae
Vernonia divergens Edgew. Shrub Asteraceae
Viscum angulatum Heyne ex DC Shrub Loranthaceae
Vitex negundo Linn. Shrub Verbenaceae
Herbs Aceiypna ,i,clica Linn. Herb Euphorbiaceae
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Botanical Name Habit Family
Achyranthes aspera Linn. Herb Amaranthaceae
Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Herb Asteraceae
Alternanthera triandra Lam. Herb Amaranthaceae 1
Polygonum glabrum Willd. Herb Polygonaceae
Polygonum plebejum R.Br. var. indica Hook. Herb Polygonaceae
Portulaca oleracea Linn. Herb Portulacaceae
Pulicaria wightiana C.B. Clarke Herb Asteraceae
Rhynchosia minima DC. Herb Fabaceae
Russelia juncea Zuec. Herb Scrophulariaceae
Senecio sp. Herb Asteraceae
Sida acuta Burm. Herb Malvaceae
Sida cordifolia Linn. Herb Malvaceae
Sida rhombifolia Linn. Herb Malvaceae
Solanum nigrum Linn. Herb Solanaceae
Solanum surattense Burm. f . Herb Solanaceae
Sonchus oleraceus Linn. Herb Asteraceae
Striga lutea Lour. Herb Scrophulariaceae
Tagetes erecta Linn. Herb Asteraceae
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Herb Fabaceae
Tribulus terrestris Linn. Herb Zygophyllaceae
Tricholepis radicans DC. Herb Asteraceae
Tridax procumbens Linn. Herb Asteraceae
Urena tobata L. Herb Malvaceae
Vernonia cinerea Less. Herb Asteraceae
Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Herb Asteraceae
Wolffia sp. Herb Lemnaceae
Xanthium strumarium Linn. Herb Asteraceae
Climbers Acacia concinna DC. Climber Mimosaceae
Argyreia pilosa Wight & Am. Climber Convolvulaceae
Asparagus racemosus Willd. Climber Asparagaceae
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Botanical Name Habit Family
Bougainvillaea spectabilis Willd. Climber Nyctaginaceae
Capparis zeylanica Linn. Climber Capparaceae
Clitoria ternatea Linn. Climber Fabaceae
Coccinia indica Wight & Am. Climber Cucurbitaceae
Cocculus vil/osus DC. Climber Menispermaceae
Combretum ovalifolium Roxb. Climber Combretaceae
Ctyptolepis buchanani Roem & Schult. Climber Periplocaceae
Cryptostegia grandiflora R.Br. Climber Periplocaceae
Cucurbita maxima Duch. Climber Cucurbitaceae
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Climber Cuscutaceae
Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. Climber Asclepiadaceae
Luffa acutangula Roxb. Climber Cucurbitaceae
Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. Climber Cucurbitaceae
Momordica charantia Linn. Climber Cucurbitaceae
Passiflora foetida Linn. Climber Passif loraceae
Pergularia daemia Chiov. Climber Asclepiadaceae
Quisqualis indica Linn. Climber Combretaceae
Rivea ornata Choisy Climber Convolvulaceae
Saroostemmo brevistigmaWight. Climber Asclepiadaceae
Tylophora sp. Climber Asclepiadaceae
Wattakaka volubilis (L.f .) Stapf Climber Asclepiadaceae
Grasses
Aristida depressa Retz. Grass Poaceae
Aristida setacea Retz. Grass Poaceae
Brachiaria distachya (Linn.) Stapf Grass Poaceae
Chloris barbata Sw. Grass Poaceae
Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. Grass Poaceae
Cyperus compressus Linn. Grass Cyperaceae
Cyperus distans Linn.f. Grass Cyperaceae
Cyperus halpan Linn. Grass Cyperaceae
Cyperus rotundus Linn. Grass Cyperaceae
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Botanical Name Habit Family
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Linn.) P.Beauv. Grass Poaceae
Digitaria cil iaris (Retz.) Koel. Grass Poaceae
Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. Grass Poaceae
Eleocharis geniculata (Linn.) Roem. et Schult. Grass Cyperaceae
Heteropogon contortus (Linn.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. et Schult.
Grass Poaceae
lsachne miliacea Roth ex Roem. et Schult. Grass Poaceae
Oryza sativa L. Grass Poaceae
Pennisetum typhoideum Rich. Grass Poaceae
Saccharum officinarum Linn. Grass Poaceae
Sorghum vulgare Pers. Grass Poaceae
Sporobolus indicus (Linn.) R.Br. Grass Poaceae
Themeda ciliata Hack. Grass Poaceae
Triticum aestivum Linn. Grass Poaceae
Zea mays Linn. Grass Poaceae
Fauna
Fauna of a particular region indicates environmental conditions and the well -
being of the population residing in the region. Faunal studies help to understand
the well-being of a nature and functioning of ecosystems. It helps to monitor
pollution levels, biological richness or heritage quality, habitat change and
quantifying threatening species. The Faunal components such as Arthropods,
Molluscs, Pisces, Birds and Mammals are very sensitive to the change in the
ecosystem, therefore are best used as indicators of the ecosystem function and
considered crucial in the ecology and management of the Aquatic and Terrestrial
Ecosystems.
Animals and birds in the study area were documented using following means:
Secondary sources and published literature
By interviewing local people
Actual sighting
Indirect evidence (pellets, dung, droppings, scat, mould, marking on the stems
etc.)
Calls (birds as well as animals)
Nesting (birds, burrows for small mammals)
The records for the birds, mammals and other faunal groups were made at the
same site where vegetation sampling was carried out. Most of the records of the
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mammalian and herpeto fauna are opportunistic, nonetheless very useful to
understand habitat specificity and interrelationship between certain floral and
faunal elements and also between certain geological and faunal features.
The list of species located and identified from various localities in the study area
is given below.
Mammals
The study area is a place of poor mammalian diversity. 19 species of mammals
have been recorded during visit from the study area. According to local people
wild boars are of common occurrence in this area. The area represent good
habitat for this animal. At places, the damage caused by them to agriculture and
plantations make them vulnerable to control.
Reptiles
The reptiles have a prominent role in the ecological b alance and
conservation of nature. Due to thoughtless destruction of biotypes by man
for his own uses, a large number of reptiles have become endangered
today. The reptiles of arid zones exhibit remarkable diversity. The reptiles
include turtles, lizards, amphibians, and snakes. Some of the reptiles
recorded during f ield visit
Avian Fauna
All the study sites have fairly good avifaunal diversity despite anthropogenic
activities. Birds are important to human welfare in various ways including seed
dispersal agents. The field survey resulted in documentation of about 82 bird
species.
Table-3.37: List of Fauna in the Study Area
Common Name Scientific Name
Mammals
Striped squirrel Funambulus spp.
Bandicoot Bandicoota indica
Common mongoose Herpestes edwardl i
Musk shrew Suncus caeruleus
Field mouse Rattus norvegicus
House rat Rattus rattus
Bat Rhinolopus spp.
Bat Hipposiderus spp.
Bat Pipistrefius spp.
Jun le cat Fells chous
Common hare Lepus dayanus
Bonnet monkey Macaca radiata
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Common Name Scientific Name
Common langur Presbytis entelius
Rhesus macaque Macaca mutate
Stri.ed Hyena Hyaena hyaena
Indian Wolf Canis lupas
Jackal Canis aureus
Chousingha Tetracerus quadricornis
Common frog Rana tigrina
Toad Bufo melanostictus
Garden lizard Calotes versicolor
Wall lizard Hemidactylus brooki
Giant Gecko Hemidactylus giganticus
Monitor lizard Varanus benghalensis
Rat snake Ptyas mucosus
Wolf snake Oligodon venustus
Checkered Keel Back Xernochrophis piscator
Cobra Naja naja
Krait Bungarus coeruleus
Russell's viper Vipera russeli
Avian
Domestic sparrow Passer domesticus
Ring dove Streptopelia decaocto
Pariah kite Milvus migrans
Crested hawk eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus
Common gray quail Coturnix coturnix
Blue rock pigeon Columba Livia
Shikra Accipitar badius
Large Indian .arakeet Psiltacula eupatria
Hoopoe Upupa epops
Gre necked Bunting Emberiza melanocephala
Koel Eudynamys scolopacea
Crow pheasant Centropus cinensis
Cromson breasted barbet Megalaima hemacephala
Green bee eater Merops orientalis
Bule throated barbet Megalaima asiatica
Red headed bunting Emberiza melanocephala
Screech owl Tyto alba
Brown f ish owl Bubo zeylonesis
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Common Name Scientific Name
Brahminy kite Haliastur Indus
Spotted dove Streptopela chinensis
Indian great horned Bubo bubo owl
Indian pipits Anthus novaeseelan-diae
Common night jar Caprimulgus asiaticus
Plam swift Cypsiurus parvus
Alpine swift Apus melba
Rose ringed parakeet Psiltacula krameri
Red munia Estrilda amandave
Blue jay Caracias benghalensis
Golden headed woodpecker Dinopium benghalense
Collored bushchat Saxicola torquata
White throat lesser Sylvia curuca
Blackwinged stilt Himantopus himantopus
Avocet Recurvirostra avaselta
Blackwinged kite Elanus caeru/eus
Brahmani Duck Tadoma ferruginea
Palm swift Cypsiarus parvus
Pheasant tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirugus
Black drongo Dicrus adsimilis
Litt le egret Egretta garzetta
Demoiselle crane Anthropoides virgo
Yellow wattled lapwing Vanellus ma/abaricus
Litt le cormorant Phalacrocorax niger
Brahminy kite Haliastar indus
Common hawk Cuculus va, ,us
Pond heron Ardeola grayii
Sarus crane Grus antigone
King vultt. ire
White eyed Buzzard Buloster teesa
Purple moor hen Porphyrio porphyrio
Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax
Rain quail Cotumix coromandelica
Common quail Cotumix suscitator
White breasted water hen Amauromis phoenicurus
Spotted sand piper Tringa glareola
Coots Fulica atra
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Common Name Scientific Name
Common sand piper Tringa hypoleucos
Common snipe Gallinago gallinago
Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus
River tern Sterna aurentia
Black winged stilt Himantopus himantopus
Yellow wagtail Motacilla f lava
Indian myna Acrodontherus tristis
Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchus
House crow Corvus spledens
Blossom headed parakeet Psiltacula cynoncephala
Indian small sky lark Alanda gulgula
Yellow wagtail Motacilla f lava
Common swallow Hirando rustica
Grey wagtail Motacilla caspica
Small minivet Pericrocotus cinnanomus
Common babbler Turdoides candatus
Paradise f lycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi
Purple sunbird Nectarinia asiatica
Tailor bird Orthotonus sutor ias
Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata
Magpie robin Copsychus saularis
Pied king f isher Ceryle rudius
Red start Phoeniourus ochrurus
Weaver bird Ploceus phil lippinus
Small blue king f isher Alcedo atthis
White throated munia Lonchuro malabarica
Red vented bulbul Picnonotus cater
The plant life in an area seems to be fairly disturbed and do not show any
integrity except at few places.
1. There were no National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary/Reserve within the 10
km radius.
2. The survey also i llustrates that there are no rare plant species on the
proposed site.
3. Major factors responsible for disturbance are anthropogenic activit ies.
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4. Among trees Albizia amara, Acacia chundra, Prosopis julif lora, Capparis
deciduas and Albizzia procera are the abundant and dominan t species of
plants.
5. The Carissa spinarum, Maytenus rothiana, Opuntia sp., Securinega
leucopyrus, Calotropis procera and Dodonea viscosa are most common
among the shrubs.
6. Total numbers of plant species recorded are 346 including 114 herbs, 83
shrubs, 77 trees, 31 climbers, 28 grasses and 13 sedges.
7. Birds represent dominant group among the faunal composition.
8. Among birds majority of species are carnivorous, omnivorous or insect
eater.
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CHAPTER-4.0: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the anticipated environmental impacts and the proposed mitigation
measures for the integrated steel plant have been described.
Impact prediction is a way of mapping the environmental consequences of the significant
aspects of the proposed steel plant. The impact assessment will focus on the proposed
steel plant and will broadly cover the following information and components:
- Assessment of physical effects for all phases including location, design,
construction, operation and possible accidents.
- Estimation by type and quantity of expected contaminants, residues, and emissions
(air, water, noise, solid wastes) resulting from the operation of the proposed steel
plant.
The anticipated environmental impacts of the proposed steel plant are discussed below
under the following categories:
Impacts and mitigation measures due to project location.
Impacts and mitigation measures due to project design.
Impacts and mitigation measures during construction.
Impacts and mitigation measures during operation.
Impacts and mitigation measures because of possible accidents.
4.1.1 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION
4.1.1.1 Impacts
The proposed integrated steel plant will be located in the land already in possession of
AISL at Village Halavarthi, district Koppal in Karnataka. The land is barren and has no
agriculture value. Therefore, from location point of view, the proposed steel plant does
not have any adverse impact.
4.1.1.2 Mitigation Measures
No impact envisaged.
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4.1.2 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DUE TO PROJECT DESIGN
Impacts
The proposed steel plant is being envisaged based on techno-economic feasibility of the
state of art technology at presently available in the country and based on demand supply
of steel products. Thus, no anticipated impacts are envisaged due to project design.
4.1.2.1 Mitigation Measures
A number of environmental friendly features have been envisaged in the proposed steel
plant due to which the anticipated adverse environmental impacts are either avoided or
minimized. These features are briefly described here under.
i) Use of Continuous Casting Technology:
Hundred percent of the steel production through continuous casting facilities saves
considerable energy and protects environment. The major environmental
advantages are:
- Elimination of Soaking pits resulting in reduction in consumption of fuels and
Electricity.
- Considerable energy is saved vis-à-vis less energy generation and reduces
pollutant emissions.
- Less scrap production resulting in improved yield and less solid waste
generation / handling.
ii) Incorporation of Coal Dust Injection System in Blast Furnaces to save coke in
charge.
iii) Top Pressure Recovery Turbine (TRT) in Blast Furnace and CDQ in Coke Oven,
thereby reducing power requirement.
iv) Coke Ovens provided with HPLA, Coal charging cars fitted with screw feeders and
hydraulically pressed sleeves, Hydro Jet Door Cleaners, Leak Proof Oven Door,
and Land Based Pushing Emission Control (PEC) resulting in pollutant emission
reduction in atmosphere.
v) Dry-fog Dust Suppression System in Coke Cutter / Coke Conveyor.
vi) BF: Stock House and Cast House De-dusting System to reduce fugitive emission.
vii) State of Art Pollution Control system for Gaseous Emission Control, Process Dust
Emission Control, Fugitive Dust Emission Control in different units of the proposed
Integrated Steel Plant.
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4.1.3 IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Construction phase impact may be on land use, ground water, surface water quality and
air quality etc. These aspects are discussed here under:
4.1.3.1 Land Use
Impacts
The proposed steel plant will be accommodated in 922.19 acres of industrial land
already in company possession and additional 995.50 acres of land under process by
Karnataka Government. Large-scale excavation is expected. The land is rocky in nature
and has no soil cover to recon with. Koppal is nearest town and already a fairly well-
developed area with all sorts of infrastructure available for construction labour. It is
therefore most unexpected that influx of construction labour is going to change present
land use pattern. Further this land use change during construction is only temporary and
will persist during construction phase only.
Mitigation Measures
No impact envisaged.
Air Quality
Impacts
The construction and other associated activities will lead to emission of different
pollutants. During the construction phase, particulate matter will be the main pollutant.
As plant will be constructed in phases, construction activity covering a large area is not
expected. Therefore, the particulate matter emission will not be much and will be
localized only. Gaseous pollutants like SO2, NO x, CO will also be added to the ambient
air due to vehicular traffic movement associated with this construction phase. Gaseous
emissions from construction machineries and vehicles will be contaminating AAQ. The
impact will be confined within the specific plant area where the construction is taking
place. Further, the impact of such activities will be temporary and will be restricted to the
construction phase only.
During the construction period the impacts that are associated with the air quality are:
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Deterioration of air quality due to fugitive dust emissions from construction activities
(especially during dry season) like excavation, back filling and concreting, hauling
and dumping of earth materials and from construction spoils.
Generation of pollutants due to operation of heavy vehicles and movement of
machineries and equipment for material handling, earth moving, laying of sands,
metal, stones, asphalt, etc.
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measures will be employed during construction period to reduce
the pollution level to acceptable limits.
Proper and prior planning, appropriate sequencing and scheduling of all major
construction activities will be done, and timely availability of infrastructure supports
needed for construction will be ensured to shorten the construction period vis-à-vis
to reduce pollution.
Construction materials will be stored in covered shed or enclosed spaces to prevent
the windblown fugitive emissions.
Truck carrying soil, sand, stone dust, and stone will be duly covered to avoid spilling
and fugitive emissions.
Adequate dust suppression measures such as regular water sprinkling at vulnerable
areas of construction sites will be undertaken to control fugitive dust during material
handling and hauling activities in dry seasons.
The construction material delivering vehicles will be covered in order to reduce
spills.
It will be ensured that all construction equipment and vehicles are in good working
condition, properly tuned and maintained to keep emission within the permissible
limits and engines turned off when not in use to reduce emission.
Vehicles and machineries would be regularly maintained so that emissions confirm
to standards of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) norms.
Monitoring of air quality at regular intervals will be conducted during construction
phase.
Water Quality
A: Surface Water
Impacts
The impacts on water quality during construction phase mainly arise due to site cleaning,
leveling, excavation, storage of construction material etc. A leveling and excavation
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activity normally increases the level of suspended solids in the surface water runoff.
However, for the proposed steel plant, no large scale leveling is required. Excavation will
also be limited.
Mitigation Measures
Quality of construction wastewater emanating from the construction site will be
controlled through sediment traps (silting basin as water intercepting ditch) for
arresting the silt / sediment load before its disposal.
All the washable construction material will be stored under sheds or enclosed space
by fencing it with brick or earth in order to prevent spillage into the drainage network,
so that the same does not find its way into the surface water runoff.
The sediment traps and storm water drainage network will be periodically cleaned
and especially before monsoon season.
B: Ground water
Impacts
The water requirement during the construction phase will be low and will be met through
the already existing water supply facilities to group company MSPL. Thus, no ground
water extraction is envisaged. Therefore, it is most unlikely that construction phase will
bring any significant modification in the ground water regime of the area. Therefore, the
construction phase of the proposed steel plant will have insignificant impact on the
ground water.
Mitigation Measures
No impact on ground water regime envisaged.
4.1.4 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE
4.1.4.1 General
During the operation phase, depending upon operating condition environmental releases
may occur from raw material and product handling, processing, fuel burning etc.
Environmental releases may be in the form of
a) Emission to atmosphere
b) Waste water discharges to water regime
c) Solid waste disposal
d) Noise etc.
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These emissions, discharges and disposal may release different pollutants, which may
affect air quality, water quality, land and ecological environment directly. However, all
these are mainly primary impact. In addition to these primary impacts, any industrial
project has some overall impact on its surrounding socio-economic environment through
the existence of social and economic linkages between the project and society, which
are actually secondary impact. Under this clause, all the primary impacts due to this
proposed steel plant are being discussed and wherever required, impacts have also
been quantified. Accordingly, under subsequent clauses impacts on air environment,
water environment, soil and noise due to the proposed steel plant are being elaborated.
4.1.4.2 Air Environment
In Steel plant, air pollutants are generated at different stages of production. Air pollutants
may be particulate matter, Sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and carbon di oxides etc.
The pollutants may be released as point source emission or fugitive emission.
Accordingly, it is most expected that there will be some variation in the emitted pollution
load. It is therefore most justified to first assess the anticipated variation in the emitted
pollution load. Once these variations vis-à-vis increase or decreases in emitted pollution
load are estimated, its impact on air environment will be assessed and predicted.
Major unit wise emission potentials are discussed below.
Sintering Plant
During the process of agglomeration by sintering, waste gases are generated which
carries along with-it particulate matter, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen as major pollutant.
The waste gases generated during the process stage and cooling of sinter after passing
through an electrostatic precipitator are released to the atmosphere. Further
transportation and handling of different material in the sinter plant area will also generate
dust, for which dust extraction systems will be provided and the clean air will be
discharged through stacks in atmosphere.
Coke Oven
The operation of a Coke Oven battery comprises of the following activities:
- Coal charging
- Heating / Firing of the chambers
- Coking
- Coke pushing and
- Coke quenching
During coke making, heating of the Coke Oven chambers is carried out by burning Coke
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Oven / BF gas as fuel and the resultant flue gas is led to the stacks. Excess Coke Oven /
BF gas is transported via pipeline to large gas holders to utilize these gases for Power
generation and rolling mill heating needs.
During operation of Coke Ovens fugitive emissions are also generated during charging,
pushing, and quenching activity. However, MOEF prescribed emission standard for coke
oven emission shall be met.
c) Blast Furnace
Flue gas from hot stoves is the main emission source from the operation of blast
furnace. Hot stoves are fired with blast furnace and CO gas for heating air fed to blast
furnace. Flue gas generated in the hot stoves is discharged to the atmosphere through
stacks. This flue gas contains particulate matter (in very small quantity) and oxides of
Sulphur and Nitrogen. Oxides of nitrogen are formed due to the high temperature of the
stoves.
In addition to the above emissions fugitive emissions also occurs during charging and in
cast house. During charging normally, a sealed charging system is provided but since
the furnace pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure, the components present in BF
Gas along with particulate matter may be emitted.
Pig Casting
The pig casting facilities will cast surplus hot metal when during poor off take of hot
metal from SMS. The casting of pig iron generates fugitive emissions, mainly arising
from contact between hot metal and slag and ambient oxygen. The main pollutants in
the fugitive emissions are particulate matter with some amount of sulphur dioxide.
Slag Granulation Plant (SGP)
The process of treating blast furnace slag involves pouring the molten slag through a
high-pressure water spray in a granulated head. Due to high-pressure water spray no
particulate matter is expected to be emitted.
De-sulphurisation
A de-sulphurisation unit for hot metal pre-treatment to ensure consistent supply of
homogenous and low sulphur hot metal to the BOF has been envisaged. The process of
de-sulphurization generates fugitive emissions. The exhaust air generated in the process
is contaminated with particulate matter.
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d) EOF/BOF Shop
The objective of EOF/BOF in steel making is to burn (oxidize) the undesirable impurities
contained in the metallic feedstock. The main elements are thus converted into oxides
are carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulphur. The purpose of this oxidation
process is:
To reduce the carbon content to a specified level
To adjust the contents of desirable foreign elements
To remove undesirable impurities to the greatest possible extent
The production of steel by the EOF/BOF process is a discontinuous process, which
involves the following steps:
Transfer and storage of hot metal
Pre-treatment of hot metal (de-sulphurization)
Oxidation in the EOF/BOF (de-carburization and oxidation of impurities)
Secondary metallurgical treatment
Casting (continuous)
The following emissions of off gases are generally recognized in EOF/BOF area:
Oxygen blowing and BOF gas
Secondary off gases are generated during:
Removal of undesirable impurities (to the maximum possible extent)
EOF/BOF charging
Tapping of liquid steel and slag from EOF/BOF and ladles
Continuous Casting
Air pollution control system comprising of suction hood, duct and bag filters are
envisaged in SMS area, mixer and de-slagging systems. The fumes generated during
charging and tapping of converters are also not controlled at times. The fugitive
emissions in the area will be limited within the limits given below:
i) Respirable Particulate Matter : 2000 microgram / m3
ii) Suspended Particulate Matter : 5000 microgram / m3
iii) SO2 : 250 microgram / m3
iv) NOx : 150 microgram / m3
v) CO (8 hr.) : 55000 microgram / m3
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e) Secondary Refining Facilities:
The secondary refining is not an emission intensive process except for some fugitive
dust emissions during the process. Necessary fume extraction system has been
envisaged for the process.
f) Raw Material Handling Complex (RMHC)
Necessary pollution control facilities in the form of dust extraction / dust suppression
system will be provided to restrict the emitted pollutant within statutory norms. Dust
extraction system provided will discharge air after cleaning to limit the dust content in the
emitted air within statutory norms.
The sources of emissions from the proposed steel plant and the control measures
suggested are given below. In addition to the measures taken to control pollution, it is
also proposed to limit the design emission norms to a maximum of 50 mg/Nm3 of
particulates.
Sl.
No
Area of operations Air pollution control measures
proposed to be adopted
Design limits
1 Raw material handling
Fugitive emissions in
material handling
Dust suppression systems
(chemical and dry fog type)
Water sprinklers
DE systems with bag filters in
case of conveyors, lime
handling
Work area 5.0
mg/Nm3
Stack: 50
mg/Nm3
2 Coke ovens
Coal & Coke handling DE systems Stack: 50
mg/Nm3
Coal charging On main charging with HPLA
aspiration
CGT car for aspirating gas into
adjacent ovens
As per MOEF
norms applicable
for coke ovens
Carbonization Leaking of doors, lids etc
Use of lean gas for under firing
Low NOx burners
As above
Coke pushing Land based pushing emission
control
As above
Coke quenching Dry quenching with stand by As above
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Sl.
No
Area of operations Air pollution control measures
proposed to be adopted
Design limits
wet quenching facility
3 Sinter Plant
Sintering process ESP for collected waste gases 50 mg/Nm3
Raw material
preparation and
handling
Centralized De-dusting system
with ESP common for both
areas
50 mg/Nm3
Sinter screening and
transport
4. Blast Furnaces
Sinter, coke and flux
handling in stock
house
ESP/Bag filters 50 mg/Nm3
BF processes Gas cleaning in Venturi
scrubbers
5 mg/Nm3
Cast house FE systems with ESP/Bag filter 50 mg/Nm3
Stoves heating Use of lean gas 50 mg/Nm3
5. EOF/BOF
Material handling
operations
Bag filters 50mg/Nm3
Converters Secondary fume extraction
system
50 mg/Nm3
Desulphurization,
RHFs, LHFs etc.
Spark arresters followed by
Bag filters
6. Billet/bloom/slab
casters
Use of low sulphur gases for
SO2 control
7. Rolling mills Use of low sulphur gases for
SO2 control
Low NOx burner
50 mg/Nm3
8. Power Plant ESP
Low NOx burners
50 g/Nm3
4.1.4.3 Methodology: Impact Assessment on Air Environment
For prediction of impacts for any proposed projects, in order to study the impacts due to
pollution load, in general, contributions from the units will be added to the existing back
ground concentrations and predictions will be done accordingly.
Once the pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, the dilution and dispersion of the
pollutants are controlled by various meteorological parameters like wind speed and
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direction, ambient temperature, mixing height, etc. In most dispersion models the
relevant atmospheric layer is that nearest to the ground, varying in thickness from
several hundred to a few thousand meters. Variations in both thermal and mechanical
turbulence and in wind velocity are greatest in the layer in contact with the surface. The
atmospheric dispersion modeling and the prediction of ground level pollutant
concentrations has great relevance in the following activities:
- Estimation of impact of setting up of new industry on surrounding environment.
- Estimation of maximum ground level concentration and its location in the study area.
The prediction of Ground level concentrations (GLC) of pollutants emitted from the
stacks have been carried out using ISCST-3 / AERMOD Air Quality Simulation model
released by USEPA which is also accepted by Indian statutory bodies. This model is
basically a Gaussian dispersion model which considers multiple sources. The model
accepts hourly meteorological data records to define the conditions of plume rise for
each source and receptor combination for each hour of input meteorological data
sequentially and calculates short term averages up to 24 hours.
The impact has been predicted over a 10 km X 10 km area with the proposed location of
the stack as the centre. GLC have been calculated at every 500 m grid point.
AISL shall be implementing steel plant in two phases. Phase 1 with 1 MTPA facilities
and phase-2 with additional 2.5 MTPA facilities. The details of the stacks and emissions
from them are given in Table 4.1a.
vi) Table 4.1a: Stack emission details for AISL 3.5 MTPA Steel Plant phase-1
Stack Code Height
in (m)
Dia
in m
Flue
volume
Nm3/h
Temp 0 C
Actual
volume
m3/h
exist
velocity
m/s
PM
g/s
SO2
g/s
NOx
g/s
COB#1-
cumbustion
120.00 3.5 88000 200 139678 4.03 0.5 4.9 6.11
COB#2-
cumbustion
120.00 3.5 88000 200 139678 4.03 0.5 4.9 6.11
coke guide
car ehaust-1
50.00 2.2 200000 100 250336 18.29 2.2 0.0 0.00
SP#1-
cumbustion
80.00 4.5 864000 100 1081450 18.89 9.6 18.00 18.00
SP#1-DE 50.00 4.5 900000 40 945302 16.51 10.0 0.00 0.00
BF#1CH-DE 35.00 3.5 561000 100 702191 20.27 3.1 0.0 0.0
BF#1Stove-
C
60.00 3.5 170000 150 241309 6.97 0.9 0.7 2.36
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BF#1SH-DE 35.00 3 400000 40 420134 16.51 2.2 0.00 0.00
PCM de-
dusting
stack
35.00 2.5 200000 100 250336 14.16 1.1 0.00 0.00
EOF-1
exhaust
stack
50.00 1.5 100000 60 111745 17.56 0.6 0.83 2.08
EOF-2
exhaust
stack
50.00 1.5 100000 60 111745 17.56 0.6 0.83 2.08
EOF1-2-
common-DE
35.00 3 400000 40 420134 16.51 4.4 0.00 0.00
EOF-DE-
bulk
material
conveyor
35.00 3 400000 40 420134 16.51 4.4 0.00 0.00
Rolling Mill-
1 RHF stack
50.00 2 30000 300 57685 5.10 0.1 0.0 0.00
Rolling Mill-
1 DE stack
35.00 2 200000 40 210067 18.57 2.2 0.0 0.00
Rolling Mill-
2 RHF stack
50.00 2.5 75000 300 144211 8.16 0.3 0.0 0.00
Rolling Mill-
2 DE stack
35.00 2.5 300000 40 315101 17.83 3.3 0.0 0.00
CPP 1 stack
70 MW
180.00 5 850000 200 1349161 19.08 7.1 23.6 23.61
Coal mill DE
stack
35.00 3 400000 40 420134 16.51 4.4 0.0 0.00
Boiler stack
for TB
steam
50.00 2 120000 200 190470 16.84 1.3 0.0 0.00
Table – 4.1B: Stack emission details for AISL 3.5 MTPA Steel Plant Phase-2
Stack Code Height
in m
Dia
in
m
Flue
volume
Nm3/h
actual
volume
m3/h
exist
velocity
m/s
Temp
0C
PM g/s SO2
g/s
NOx
g/s
COB#3-
cumbustion
120.00 3.5 88000 139678 4.03 200 0.5 4.9 6.11
COB#4-
cumbustion
120.00 3.5 88000 139678 4.03 200 0.5 4.9 6.11
coke guide 50.00 2.2 200000 250336 18.29 100 2.2 0.0 0.00
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car ehaust-2
SP#2-
cumbustion
80.00 6.5 1800000 2253020 18.86 100 20.0 37.50 37.50
SP#2-DE 50.00 6 2000000 2100671 20.64 40 22.2 0.00 0.00
BF#2CH-DE 35.00 5.5 1600000 2002685 23.41 100 17.8 0.0 0.0
BF#2Stove-
C
60.00 5.5 452000 641597 7.50 150 0.6 3.8 6.28
BF#2SH-DE 35.00 4.5 1000000 1050336 18.34 40 11.1 0.00 0.00
PCM de-
dusting
stack
35.00 2.5 200000 250336 14.16 100 2.2 0.00 0.00
BOF-1flare
stack
80.00 2.5 270000 301711 17.07 60 1.9 3.75 5.63
BOF-2 flare
stack
80.00 2.5 270000 301711 17.07 60 1.9 3.75 5.63
BOF-1DE-1 45.00 5.5 1440000 1512483 17.68 40 16.0 0.00 0.00
BOF-1 DE-2 45.00 5.5 1440000 1512483 17.68 40 16.0 0.00 0.00
BOF-2 DE-1 45.00 5.5 1440000 1512483 17.68 40 16.0 0.00 0.00
BOF-2 DE-2 45.00 5.5 1440000 1512483 17.68 40 16.0 0.00 0.00
HSM RHF-1 60.00 3.5 150300 289000 8.34 300 0.6 0.0 0.00
HSM RHF-2 60.00 3.5 150300 289000 8.34 300 0.6 0.0 0.00
HSM DE-1 45.00 4.5 1000000 1050336 18.34 40 11.1 0.0 0.00
HSM DE-2 45.00 4.5 1000000 1050336 18.34 40 11.1 0.0 0.00
CRM-ARP
duct-DE
30.00 0.8 30000 31510 17.41 40 0.3 0.0 1.25
CRM-Batch
Annealing
furnace
45.00 1.2 32000 33611 8.25 40 0.1 0.0 0.67
Galv. Line
fur stack
45.00 1.5 20000 21678 3.41 50 0.1 0.0 0.00
CPP 2 stack
100 MW
180.00 5.5 1200000 1904698 22.27 200 10.0 33.3 33.33
CPP 2 stack
100 MW
180.00 5.5 1200000 1904698 22.27 200 10.0 33.3 33.33
Coal mill DE
stack
35.00 3 400000 420134 16.51 40 4.4 0.0 0.00
Boiler stack
for TB
steam
50.00 2 120000 190470 16.84 200 1.0 3.3 3.33
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Stack emission details are based on the estimated emission and actual monitored data
elsewhere, fuel balance, prevailing emission factors as available in literature for steel
plants, and different statutory regulations prevailing in the country.
Meteorological data plays an important role in computation of Ground Level
Concentration using ISCST-3 / AERMOD model. Meteorological data of the project site
is another input taken for computation of the contribution by the proposed steel plant.
Data related to wind velocity and direction were generated during the monitoring period.
Part of this site-specific monitored data have been used as input data of the model
during computation.
The input meteorological data used in the computation are presented in Table 4.2 and
uniform Cartesian grid system was used to locate/fix sources and receptors in the study
area. The predicted GLC values are given in Table 4.3.
Table 4.2: Meteorological data used as input for Air quality modeling
Hour
Wind
direction
(degrees)
Wind speed
(m/s)
Ambient air
temp. (K)
Wind
stability
class
Inversion
layer
01 135.0 0.9 302.7 6 0.0
02 247.0 3.5 301.6 6 0.0
03 270.0 4.3 300.7 6 0.0
04 202.5 1.7 299.8 6 0.0
05 202.5 4.3 298.9 5 0.0
06 202.5 0.9 297.9 4 125.0
07 202.5 0.9 297.4 4 145.0
08 202.5 1.7 297.0 3 287.0
09 202.5 2.6 297.1 3 542.0
10 202.5 3.5 298.3 3 841.0
11 202.5 0.9 300.4 2 1110.0
12 225.0 2.6 302.2 2 1347.0
13 225.0 2.6 304.3 2 1602.0
14 270.0 1.7 306.2 1 1740.0
15 292.5 1.7 307.8 2 1808.0
16 202.5 0.9 308.8 3 1717.0
17 067.5 2.6 308.9 4 1690.0
18 112.5 3.5 309.4 4 1466.0
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Hour
Wind
direction
(degrees)
Wind speed
(m/s)
Ambient air
temp. (K)
Wind
stability
class
Inversion
layer
19 112.5 3.5 309.0 5 1150.0
20 135.0 1.7 308.3 5 1025.0
21 157.5 0.9 307.7 5 0.0
22 270.0 7.8 304.3 6 0.0
23 270.0 1.7 303.4 6 0.0
24 180.0 0.9 302.4 6 0.0
Results: Impact on Air Environment
The resultant ambient air concentrations after the setting up integrated steel plant has
been presented in Table 4.3 for PM10, SO2 & NOx. This includes phase wise
computation of GLC i.e. Phase-1 and Phase-2 and combined Phase 1+2. In the
combined phase the maximum GLC for PM10, SO2 & NOx is 20.3, 10.7 & 19.43 ug/m3 .
when these values are added to monitored maximum background values for PM10, SO2
& NOx is 56.5, 24.4 & 33.4 ug/m3 , the resultant values are for PM10, SO2 & NOx is 76.8,
35.1 & 52.83 ug/m3 . this indicate that if all the pollution control systems are placed with
processes well-functioning, still the ambient air quality shall remain within acceptable
ambient air quality norms. Thus, it is anticipated that there will not be any adverse
changes in AAQ in the study area. The isopleths of the computed results for combined
phase RPM, SO2 and NOx are presented in Fig. 4.1, 4.2 & 4.3 respectively showing
GLC and direction from Plant.
Table 4.3 Prediction of GLC's at 3.5 MTPA (Phase-1) Proposed steel
Location
Code
AAQM location RPM (PM10) All Values in ug / m3
Back Ground
value
From stack
prediction
Total
A1 Project Site 56.5 3.0 59.5
A2 Adjacent to Pellet Plant 49.5 3.0 52.5
A3 Allangara Village 53.0 3.0 56.0
A4 Hirabaglani Village 48.6 0.0 48.6
A5 Kunikeri Tanda Village 45.3 0.0 45.3
A6 Huvinahalu Village 50.5 3.0 53.5
A7 Koppal village 46.5 0.0 46.5
A8 Belanalu Village 44.5 6.01 50.5
A9 Basapur Village 49.6 6.01 55.6
Norm
100
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Stn. Code
AAQM location SO2 NOX
BG* Phase-1 Total BG* Phase-1 Total
A1 Project Site 16.3 0.00 16.3 27.7 0.00 27.7
A2 Adjacent to Pellet Plant 13.9 0.00 13.9 23.3 0.00 23.3
A3 Allangara Village 18.0 1.57 19.57 29.5 2.22 31.72
A4 Hirabaglani Village 17.8 1.57 19.37 31.4 2.22 33.62
A5 Kunikeri Tanda Village 20.7 0.00 20.7 31.7 0.00 31.7
A6 Huvinahalu Village 24.4 1.57 25.97 31.1 2.22 33.32
A7 Koppal village 21.6 0.00 21.6 28.7 0.00 28.7
A8 Belanalu Village 18.5 3.15 21.65 33.4 2.22 35.62
A9 Basapur Village 15.4 4.72 20.12 26.3 8.88 35.18
Norm 80 80
Table 4.3 Prediction of GLC's at 3.5 MTPA (Phase-2) Proposed steel
All Values in ug / m3
Location
Code
AAQM location RPM (PM10)
Back Ground
value
From stack
prediction
Total
A1 Project Site 56.5 3.18 59.68
A2 Adjacent to Pellet Plant 49.5 3.18 52.68
A3 Allangara Village 53.0 3.18 56.18
A4 Hirabaglani Village 48.6 0.00 48.60
A5 Kunikeri Tanda Village 45.3 0.00 45.30
A6 Huvinahalu Village 50.5 3.18 53.68
A7 Koppal village 46.5 3.18 59.68
A8 Belanalu Village 44.5 6.36 50.86
A9 Basapur Village 49.6 9.54 59.14
Norm 100
Location
Code
AAQM location SO2 NOX
BG* Phase-2 Total BG* Phase-2 Total
A1 Project Site 16.3 0.00 16.3 27.7 0.00 27.7
A2 Adjacent to
Pellet Plant 13.9 0.00 13.9 23.3 0.00 23.3
A3 Allangara Village 18.0 1.60 19.6 29.5 1.60 31.1
A4 Hirabaglani
Village 17.8 0.00 17.8 31.4 0.00 31.4
A5 Kunikeri Tanda 20.7 0.00 20.7 31.7 0.00 31.4
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Village
A6 Huvinahalu
Village 24.4 1.60 26.0 31.1 3.19 34.29
A7 Koppal village 21.6 1.60 23.2 28.7 1.60 30.3
A8 Belanalu Village 18.5 1.60 20.1 33.4 1.60 35.0
A9 Basapur Village 15.4 4.79 20.2 26.3 4.79 31.09
Norm 80 80
Table 4.3 Prediction of GLC's at 3.5 MTPA (Phase 1+2) Proposed steel
All Values in ug / m3
Location
Code
AAQM location RPM (PM10)
Back Ground
value
From stack
prediction
Total
A1 Project Site 56.5 4.06 60.56
A2 Adjacent to Pellet Plant 49.5 4.06 53.56
A3 Allangara Village 53.0 8.12 61.12
A4 Hirabaglani Village 48.6 4.06 52.66
A5 Kunikeri Tanda Village 45.3 0.00 45.30
A6 Huvinahalu Village 50.5 4.06 54.56
A7 Koppal village 46.5 8.12 54.62
A8 Belanalu Village 44.5 8.12 52.62
A9 Basapur Village 49.6 16.24 65.84
Norm 100
Location
Code
AAQM location SO2 NOX
BG* Phase-1+2 Total BG* Phase-1+2 Total
A1 Project Site 16.3 0.00 16.3 27.7 0.00 27.7
A2 Adjacent to
Pellet Plant 13.9 0.00 13.9 23.3 0.00 23.3
A3 Allangara
Village 18.0 2.16 20.16 29.5 3.95 33.45
A4 Hirabaglani
Village 17.8 2.16 19.96 31.4 3.95 35.35
A5 Kunikeri Tanda
Village 20.7 2.16 22.86 31.7 0.00 31.7
A6 Huvinahalu
Village 24.4 2.16 26.56 31.1 3.95 35.05
A7 Koppal village 21.6 4.33 25.93 28.7 3.95 32.65
A8 Belanalu Village 18.5 4.33 22.83 33.4 3.95 37.35
A9 Basapur Village 15.4 6.49 21.89 26.3 11.85 38.15
Norm 80 80
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Maximum GLC: 20.3 µg/m3 at ()
Fig. 4.1: Isopleths for PM10 Concentration Due to proposed steel project (phase-1+2 combined)
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Maximum GLC: 10.7 µg/m3 at ()
Fig. 4.2: Isopleths for SO2 Concentration Due to proposed steel project (Phase-1+2 Combined)
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Maximum GLC: 19.43 µg/m3 at ()
Fig. 4.3: Isopleths for NOx Concentration Due to proposed steel project (Phase-1+2 combined)
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Mitigation Measures
During the design phase all efforts have been made to select latest state of art
technology and adequate pollution control measures adopted for different processes and
de-dusting stacks for different fugitive emission sources. During the construction phase
of the proposed project appropriate mitigation measures will be implemented to
ameliorate the anticipated air quality problems. The following mitigation measures will be
employed during operation period to reduce the pollution level to acceptable limits:
Bag filter based DE system in BF with gas cleaning plant.
Bag filter based DE system for ground-based pushing emission control in Coke Oven
battery
Dry fog type DS system for material handling junction points
Fume Extraction system for EOF/BOF & LF along with gas cleaning plant.
Dust extraction system in Sinter Plant.
Dedusting System in lime & dolo plant
Stack monitoring to ensure proper functioning of different major stacks.
Air monitoring in the Work-zone to ensure proper functioning of fugitive emission
control facilities.
Adequate plantation in and around different units.
Vehicles and machineries would be regularly maintained so that emissions confirm to
the applicable standards.
Monitoring of ambient air quality through online AAQ monitoring system at four
locations.
Workers will be provided with adequate protective measures to protect them from
inhaling dust.
Impact of Transportation of Raw Materials and Finished Products by Road
Impact
The total annual external freight for both phases will be approximately 18.514 MTPA
including 13.8 MTPA of incoming materials and 2.34.755 MTPA of outgoing finished
products. The quantity of raw materials to be received and the finished products to be
dispatched annually is shown in Table below:
Table below shows the transportation of raw materials and finished product to and from
the plant. From the table it can be seen that the majority of bulk quantity of raw material /
finished product is being transported from Rail and only small quantity of material is
being transported from road.
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Transportation of Raw Materials and Finished Product
Gross weight including 5% moisture and 5% handling losses Unit: ‘000t
Sl.NO Material From To Phase-1 Phase-2 Phase 1+2
A Receipt
1 Iron ore Lump Hospet Plant 505.65 1147.92 1653.57
2 Iron Ore fines Hospet Plant 1425.27 3252.10 4677.37
3 Raw Lime stone Bagalkot/imported Plant 198.19 448.95 647.14
4 Raw Dolomite Bagalkot/imported Plant 231.52 526.87 758.40
5 Manganese ore Chitradurg, Sandur Plant 7.78 17.66 25.44
6 Quartzite Local Plant 31.1 7.06 38.16
6 Coking coal Imported through
Mangalore/Goa
Plant 1516.05 1614.06 3228.12 *
7 Coal for injection Imported through
Mangalore/Goa
Plant 194.48 441.52 636
8 Steam coal Singareni/Imported Plant 397.85 1135.77 1533.62
9 Misc. Outside Plant 110.25 330.75 441.00
Total receipt 4618.13 8922.67 13540.80
B Dispatch
1 Rolled Products Plant Outside 850.00 2419.00 3269.00
2 Pig Iron Plant Outside 302.20 302.02
3 Granulated Slag Plant Out
side
362.2 822.30 1184.50
Total dispatch 1514.40 3241.30 4755.70
Total external rail
freight turnover
6132.53 12163.97 18296.50
* The coal throughput of battery 1 & 2 in phase 1&2 will be more than in Phase-1 due to
increased requirement of coke in the blast furnaces.
External Road movement
Several materials both incoming and outgoing coming from near sources/destination will
be moved through roads. The road movement is complementary to many material
movements. The projection is given below:
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External road movements Unit: ‘000 t
Sl.
NO.
Material From To Phase-1 Phase-2 Phase
1+2
A. Receipt
1 DRI/Sponge iron Outside SMS yards 185 243 428
2 Burnt Lime BOO Plant
outside
Plant /SMS 111.9 150 261.9
3 Burnt dolomite BOO Plant
outside
Plant /SMS 25 66 91
4 Ferro alloys Local plant Plant/SMS 10 27 37
5 Refractory Local plants Plant 6 15 21
6 Bentonite Local plants Plant
7 Fuel oil Hospet Plant 1.07 15.097 16.2
8 By – Products /CRM
acids and chemicals
Many suppliers By-products
/CRM
11.97 11.97 24
9 Maintenance spares
including rolls
Many sources Plant 2 5 7
10 Misc. Many sources Plant 1 2.5 3.5
Total receipt by road 353.94 535.67 890.61
B. Dispatch
1 SMS slag Slag recovery
Plant
Outside 135 291.6 426.6
2 Coke Oven by
products
Coke oven by-
product Plant
outside 110.7 116.96 292.4
3 Muck/waste/rubbish Plant waste
dump
Outside 10 25 35
Total dispatch by
road
255.7 433.56 689.26
Total external road
transport
609.64 969.120 1578.760
Mitigation Measures
To reduce the traffic on NH-63, AISL is planning to transport maximum through rail
network. This will reduce the traffic substantially.
AISL is also planning to have dedicated railway siding within complex for their
operations for which in principal approval from SE railway has already been taken.
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4.1.4.3 Water Environment
Water environment may be affected by industries in different ways depending upon the
type of industries. The water environment may be surface or ground water or both.
Water environment may be affected by the industry due to drawl of water, discharge of
polluted water / waste water, and by contaminated leachate from land disposal /
dumping of solid waste. The activities are scrutinized in light of the above factors and its
impact is predicted accordingly.
Effect of Water Drawl (Surface water)
Impacts
The water supply for the proposed steel plant shall be basically for cooling of various
intermediate products and also for machinery cooling. Water shall also be required to
make up boiler water requirement in the DM plants for steam raising. There shall also be
requirement of water for drinking and other washing/cleaning purposes. To minimize the
fresh water drawn from the source, cooling water re-circulation systems have been
envisaged.
The source of water has been identified as the back water of Tungabhadra Reservoir
located at a distance of about 9.5 Km from the plant site, from where raw water will be
pumped to the plant storage reservoir located on the northern side of the site near the
national highway.
No impact on ground water is envisaged since no ground water will be drawn by the
proposed steel plant.
Mitigation Measures
No impact envisaged.
Many water conservation schemes envisaged are:
o The blow downs water from cooling towers and the neutralized effluent discharged
from the processes shall be utilized for coke quenching, slag granulation, steel slag
cooling, de-dusting/defogging and other direct contact water treatments aiming at zero
discharge.
o Blow down water from power plant will be reused for Pig Casting Machines and Coke
Quenching in Coke ovens.
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o Blow down water from BOF re-circulation system will be reused in SMS slag yards for
spraying on hot slag.
o Blown down water from Blast Furnace re-circulation system will be reused in Slag
Granulation Plant as make-up water to SGP re-circulation Water System.
In addition, rain water harvesting schemes are also envisaged for the proposed
project.
Water Usage
Background
In an integrated steel plant, wastewater may be generated from different units / shops.
The maximum quantity of which are reused in the plant itself after treatment and only
bleed off quantity are being further treated and reused. All attempts will be made to
achieve Zero discharge from plant.
Impacts
In an integrated steel plant, water is generally used for purposes like:
Material conditioning i.e. for slurrying, quenching, mill scale removal, rinsing etc.
Air pollution control i.e. for wet scrubbing of air pollutants
Heat transfer i.e. water used for protecting the equipment by cooling refractory and
shell of equipment.
Overall, approximately 75 % of water use is for heat transfer. Accordingly, a
considerable portion of water supplied is lost by evaporation. Evaporation losses include
slag quenching at blast furnaces and basic oxygen furnaces, Coke quenching, spray
chamber cooling at casters and evaporation in cooling towers. However, wastewater
discharges from any plant mainly depend upon the water usage and type of use.
Wastewater discharges from an integrated steel plant can be broadly divided into two
parts. Non-contact water discharges and contact water discharges. Water is used in a
series of heat exchangers in coke oven gas treatment, blast furnaces, basic oxygen
furnaces, and rolling operations and boilers. This non-contact water is generally
contaminated with high dissolved solids comprising of salts of calcium and magnesium
which were originally present in the raw / feed water. Due to repeated re-circulation and
high temperature concentration of these salts starts to build up necessitating bleeding off
of some part of circulating water. Water is also used for contact cooling e.g. quenching,
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Coke oven gas treatment, slag handling etc. This contact water discharges may be
contaminated with different pollutants and needs to be treated prior to discharges.
a) Sinter Plant
Wastewater may generate in Sinter plant if wet scrubbers are used for pollution control
facilities. However, in this project dry ESPs are used in the sinter plant for pollution
control, which does not generate any effluent. Further the water requirement /
consumption in sinter plant is very less and no water is required for process purposes
and as such no wastewater is generated from the process.
b) Blast Furnace
Blast furnace requires a considerable quantity of water. Water required is mainly for
direct contact water used in the gas coolers / wet scrubbers which cleans the blast
furnace gas. This water is treated in settling tank / clarifier for removal of suspended
solids and the overflows are recycled to the gas scrubbers.
Only the final blow down from the re circulated systems are being discharged. The blow
down will conform to the following quality:
pH 6.5 - 8.5
Suspended Solids (mg/l) 100
Oil & Grease (mg/l) 10
Cyanide as CN - (mg/l) 0.2
Ammonical Nitrogen as NH 3 – N (mg/l) 50
Therefore, there is no possibility of any adverse impact of water pollution.
c) Steel Making and Primary Refining: EOF/BOF
The water requirement for EOF/BOF is not significant. The wastewater generated from
Gas Cleaning Plant will be contaminated only with particulate matter and will be pumped
to a sludge pond. Further any bleed off water from cooling circuit will be used for slag
cooling and as such no wastewater is anticipated to be generated from cooling water
circuit. Thus, no adverse impact on water environment is anticipated.
d) Secondary Refining Facilities: Ladle Furnace
The other water usages indicated are mainly for refining and casting operations. The
refining operation except vacuum degassing does not generates any effluent.
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e) Continuous Casting Facilities and Rolling Mills
Continuous Caster usually requires water for cooling of different mechanical equipment,
and for flushing of mill scale (generated during cutting) down the flume beneath the
runout table. The principal pollutants are suspended solids, oil and greases. This will be
treated in scale pits for mill scale recovery and oil removal and the treated effluent will be
discharged.
f) Coke Oven & By Product Plant
Waste waters are generated from the coke oven & bye product plant as waste ammonia
liquor from moisture contaminated in the charged coal, steam used in distilling ammonia
from the waste liquor, light oil recovery and other processes. Wastewaters are
contaminated with oil & grease, ammonia, cyanides, thiocyanates, and phenols.
Further whatever wastewater is generated from the Coke Oven & By Product Plant area
is collected and transported through pipeline to a wastewater treatment plant (BOD
Plant). The wastewater after treatment is meeting the statutory norms for discharge of
treated effluent but instead of discharging it outside, the wastewater is used for
plantation and as such no water pollution is anticipated.
Treated effluent will conform to the following:
i) pH of the treated effluent - Between 6.0 to 8.0
ii) Suspended solids - Not more than 100mg/l
iii) Phenol - Not more than 1.0 mg/l
iv) Cyanide - Not more than 0.2 mg/l
v) Ammonical Nitrogen - Not more than 50mg/l
vi) Free ammonia - Not more than 5.0 mg/l
vii) Oil & grease - Not more than 10 mg / l
viii) Nitrate Nitrogen - Not more than 10mg/l
ix) BOD (3 days, 27 o C) - Not more than 30 mg/l
x) COD - Not more than 250 mg/l
g) Wastewater from Other Sources
In addition to the above some additional wastewater may be generated due to floor
washings and also from the toilet blocks of the units envisaged during the proposed steel
plant. The sewage generated from the toilet blocks will be very less in quantity and will
be taken to the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP).
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Mitigation Measures
During the design phase all efforts shall be made to adopt latest state of art technology
and propose to install adequate effluent treatment facilities for different units expected to
generate water pollutants. During the construction phase of the proposed project
appropriate mitigation measures will be implemented to ameliorate the anticipated water
/effluent quality problems. The following mitigation measures will be employed during
operation period to reduce the pollution level to acceptable limits.
Re-circulating water in the process whereby discharged volume shall be minimum.
Clarifier and sludge pond shall be used for removal of suspended solids.
Neutralization of acidic water by lime.
Removal of oil and grease from the contaminated water by means if oil traps,
skimming devices, etc.
Effluent quality monitoring will be at inlet and outlets of different effluent treatment
plants to ensure proper functioning of different effluent treatment facilities.
Use of treated wastewater in different shops and for plantation development as far
as practicable.
The list of water pollution control systems envisaged is summarized below:
List of Water Pollution Control Systems
Source Pollutants Control System
Raw material handling
yard
Suspended Solids Catch Pits
Raw Water Treatment
Plant
Suspended Solids Clarifier, Thickener,
BF& BOF Gas Cleaning
Plant
Suspended Solids Clarifier, Thickener,
Coke Oven and by
product plant
Oils, Suspended Solids,
ammonia, phenols etc
Oil, organics and ammonia
removal, in BOD Plant
Bloom Caster, Billet
caster, slab caster &
Rolling mills
Suspended Solids, Oil &
Grease
Settling Tanks fitted with Oil &
Grease Trap
Soft and DM Water Plant pH and dissolved solids Neutralizing Pit
Cooling Tower and Boiler
Blow-down
Temperature, Dissolved
Solids
For re use
Canteens, Toilets BOD, Suspended Solids Sewage treatment plant
The proposed steel plant aims at zero discharge philosophy.
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Ground Water
Impacts
The proposed steel plant does not envisage any ground water drawl and hence no
impact on ground water availability around the plant is anticipated.
The waste disposal area around any industry is one of the major factors deteriorating
ground water quality, if the water leached from the waste dumps contains toxic
substances. At the proposed steel plant, some wastes are dumped in secured land fill
sites and some inert wastes are dumped in low lying area. All other solid wastes are re-
used / recycled or sold out.
Mitigation Measures
Periodical monitoring of ground water quality at up-gradient and down gradient of
slag dump area.
Disposal of waste generated from the proposed project will be done in a systematic
/scientific manner as per guidelines to prevent any ground water pollution.
4.1.4.4 Solid Waste Generation and Disposal
General
Integrated Iron & steel plant generates solid wastes, some of which are hazardous while
others are non-hazardous. Some of these wastes are reused / re-utilized and some are
not. AISL is also not exception to that. Solid wastes are mainly generated from:
- Sinter Plant
- Blast Furnace
- EOF/BOF
- Coke Oven & By-product Plant
- Different Rolling Mills
- Lime & Dolomite Plant
In addition to above, wastes are also generated during operation / maintenance / annual
maintenance of other units / shops etc, which are
- Flue dust from BF
- Blast Furnace Gas Cleaning Plant sludge
- SMS Gas Cleaning Plant sludge
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- Waste Refractory materials
- Waste lubricant / oil etc. and Waste Lead – Acid Batteries
-
The characteristics of the generated solid wastes are presented in Table 4.4a. From the
table it can be noticed that except some sludge generated from Coke Oven and By
Product area none are hazardous. The generation quantity along with the reuse / recycle
and disposal methodology for the solid waste is presented in Table 4.4b.
Table 4.4a: Source of Generation / Characterization of Solid Wastes
Shop Type of waste Source of Generation Typical
Chemistry (%) Waste
Characterization
BF Plant BF Flue Dust Flue dust of coarser
particle is collected in dust
catcher located before wet
scrubbing
Fe(t) : 37.00
C : 23.69
SiO2 : 9.01
Al2O3 : 7.26,
TiO2 : 0.87,
CaO : 6.37,
MgO : 5.46,
P2O5 : 0.25,
S : 0.27
Not Applicable
BF Sludge Flue dust of fine particles
trapped by wet scrubbing
and finally settled at
sludge pond
Fe(t) : 20-30
FeO : 7-12
Fe2O3 : 25-35
C : 30-40
S : 0.5-0.8
ZnO : 0.2-0.4
CaO : 8-10
SiO2 : 5.0-7.0
Al2O3 : 0.8-1.3
Not Applicable
BF Slag BF operation CaO : 30-31
SiO2 : 32-33
Al2O3 : 18-22
MgO : 8-10
FeO :0.2-0.6
S :1.5-1.7,
Not Applicable
Spent
Refractories
Bricks from BF,
dismantled ladles /
torpedo ladles, cast house
runners, etc.
- Not Applicable
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Shop Type of waste Source of Generation Typical
Chemistry (%) Waste
Characterization
Hot metal
Pretreatm
ent Unit
Hot Metal
Pretreatment
Dust
Dust collected in bag
house filter of dust
extraction system
Not Applicable
Hot Metal
Pretreatment
Slag
Slag skimmed after
pretreatment of hot metal
Not Applicable
BOF
Shop
BOF Dust /
Sludge
BOF flue dust collected in
gas cleaning system either
in dry form or as sludge
BOF dust :
Fe(t) : 52.25
SiO2 : 5.92,
Al2O3 : 1.1
CaO : 18.26
MgO : 5.98
S : 0.18
BOF sludge :
Fe(t) : 50.84
CaO : 15.39
SiO2 : 2.19
P : 0.17,
S : 0.29
Not Applicable
BOF Slag BOF CaO : 40-50
FeO : 20,
SiO2 : 15-17
P2O5 : 2.45
MgO :3.9 - 4.5
Al2O3 : 5.2-6.3
Not Applicable
Spent
Refractories
Bricks from dismantled
converter
Not Applicable
Refractory
Materials
Plant
Limestone /
Dolomite Fines
Screening of raw
limestones / dolomite in
raw materials handling
yard / lime plant / dolomite
calcination plant
Not Applicable
Lime / Calcined
Dolomite Fines
Screening of calcined lime
/ dolomite in lime /dolomite
calcination plant
Not Applicable
Spent
Refractories
Bricks from dismantled
kilns of refractory
materials plant
Not Applicable
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Shop Type of waste Source of Generation Typical
Chemistry (%) Waste
Characterization
RMP Sludge Collected after scrubbing
of kiln flue
Not Applicable
Continuou
s Casting
Plant
Caster Scale Caster Area Fe(t) : 62-68
FeO : 60-70
Fe2O3 : 15-25
C : 0.3-0.5,
S : 0.12-0.25
P : 0.15-0.25
CaO : 0.3-0.5
SiO2 : 0.8-1.5,
Al2O3 : 0.1-0.2
Not Applicable
Caster Sludge Sludge pit of continuous
casting plant
Not Applicable
Spent
Refractories
Repair of tundish and
ladles
Not Applicable
Hot
Rolling
Mill
Mill Scales Relatively coarse mill
scale is collected from
reheating furnaces and dry
processing areas like
cooling beds,
straighteners, shears and
saws
Fe(t) : 62-68
FeO : 60-70
Fe2O3 : 15-25
C : 0.3-0.5,
S : 0.12-0.25
P : 0.15-0.25
CaO : 0.3-0.5
SiO2 : 0.8-1.5,
Not Applicable
Mill Sludge Fine mill scale
contaminated with oil is
collected in sludge pit
Fe(t) : 64.4
CaO : 0.6,
SiO2 : 4.0
P : 0.085
Al2O3 : 1.85
LOI : 0.4
Oil : 10-11
Not Applicable
Spent
Refractories
Bricks from dismantled
reheating furnaces
Not Applicable
Coke
Oven
Plant
Spent
Refractories
Rebuilding of coke ovens
and miscellaneous repairs
in coke ovens
Not Applicable
By-
Products
Plant
Decanter Tar
Sludge
Decanter for separation of
tarry sludge from
Ammonical liquor and tar
As per Category
13.3 of Schedule
– I
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Shop Type of waste Source of Generation Typical
Chemistry (%) Waste
Characterization
Tar Storage
Tank Residues
Cleaning of Tar storage
tank & Gas Traps & Seals
As per Category
1.2 & 13.4 of
Schedule – I
Tarry & Acidic
wastes
Coal Chemical Plant:
Reactor / Electrostatic Tar
Precipitator (ETP)
Cleaning & Annual
Maintenance
As per Category
1.2 & 17.1 of
Schedule – I
BOD Plant
Sludge
Sludge from BOD Plant As per Category
34.3 of Schedule
– I
Mineral
Oil/synthe
tic oil
used as
lubricants
Spent / Wash /
Lubricant
As per Category
5.1 & 20.2 of
Schedule – I
Batteries Lead Acid
Batteries
From various operations Category B4 & E3
of Schedule – II
Impacts
Solid waste generated from different units and its re-utilization and disposal is given in
Table 4.4b.
Table 4.4b: Solid Waste Generation and Disposal
Solid Waste Total generation at
full capacity (tons)
Utilization and mode Disposal as
wastes
Phase-1
units
Phase-2
units
Coal/coke dust 11,854 12,653 100% utilized in coal blend charge
in the coke oven complex
Nil
Undersize coke 26,000 59,200 100% utilized in sintering plants as
a bed material for heat energy
Nil
Tar sludge 240 256 To be used along with coal charge
in the coke ovens
Nil
Acid sludge from
by-product units
100 100 - To be
neutralized
and disposed
as landfill.
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Lime sludge from
PCM
450 To be used as neutralizing agent Nil
Iron bearing dusts
from dust
catchers/ESPs/Ba
g filters
232,980 556,669 To be used along with the charge
mix in the sintering plants. The
design has provisions to use these.
Nil
Blast Furnace
granulated slag
362,208 822,298 To be sold to cement plants for
making blast furnace slag cement
Nil
Steel making slag 150,000 324,000 Only iron bearing portion of the
steel slag would be recovered and
iron to be used in steel making. A
small % of the steel slag can be
used in Blast furnace as source of
lime.
These would
be used as
landfills either
inside the
plant or in the
neighborhood
Iron oxide from
acid regeneration
plant of Cold
rolling mills
40,000 To be sold to users like Ferro
magnet industry, iron powder
industry etc.
Nil
Power plant fly ash 127,360 490,758 To be sold to fly ash brick makers
and cement plants making fly ash
cements
Nil
Power plant
Bottom ash
31,840 122,689 Cannot be used in the processes
adopted.
To be used as
land fill
Arising of
skull/scraps
94,197
(114,197)*
191,315 To be used in steel making for re-
melting.
Nil
Rejects after Two
stage WHIMS
treatment in the
fine ore
beneficiation plant.
4,44,188
(Dry)
To be temporarily stocked at the
designated site in the plant and
later transported to a nearby ore
mine pit for re-filling and green
development.
Phase-1:
Phase-2:
4,44,188 t
Refractory wastes 10,880 26,849 Un-contaminated (80%) bricks will
be sold (for construction) or crushed
to be used as mortar.
About 20% of
the waste
bricks which
are
contaminated
with slag/skull
etc. would
have to
discarded and
dumped in
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landfills.
Muck/sludge/waste
s
5,050 7,750 Cannot be re-used
Total arising 1,053,159 3,098,723 174,066 (16.53%) 870,968
(28.2%)
Mitigation Measures
All attempts shall be made to utilize solid waste as per the guidelines given in CREP.
4.1.4.4 Noise Levels
Impacts
During normal operations of the plant ambient noise levels may increase close to the
compressors and blowers but this will be confined only within plant boundary and that
too will be confined within shops. The level will be further minimised when the noise
reaches the plant boundary and the nearest residential areas beyond the plant
boundary.
Mitigation Measures
Various measures proposed to reduce noise pollution include reduction of noise at
source, provision of acoustic lagging for the equipment and suction side silencers,
vibration isolators, selection of low noise equipment, isolation of noisy equipment from
working personnel. In some areas, personnel working will be provided with noise
reduction aid such as ear muffs/ ear plugs and also the duration of exposure of the
personnel will be limited as per the norms. The following measures will be undertaken:
Technological Measures
Plugging leakages in high-pressure gas/air pipelines.
Reducing vibration of high-speed rotating machines by regular monitoring of vibration
and taking necessary steps.
Design of absorber system for the shift office and pulpit operator's cabin.
Noise absorber systems in pump houses.
Noise level at 1m from equipment will be limited to 85 dB (A).
The fans and ductwork will be designed for minimum vibration.
All the equipment in different units and in units where capacity proposed steel is
taking place will be designed/operated in such a way that the noise level shall not
exceed 85 dB (A).
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Periodical monitoring of work zone noise and outside plant premises.
Management Measures
In a steel plant, with a variety of noise producing equipment, it may not be practicable to
take technological control measures at all the places. In such cases the following
administrative measures shall also be taken:
Un-manned high noise zone will be marked as "High Noise Zone".
In shops where measures are not feasible, attempts shall be made to provide
operators with soundproof enclosure to operate the system.
Workers exposed to noise level will be provided with protection devices like earmuffs
as per present practice and will be advised to use them regularly, while at work.
Workers exposed to noisy work place shall be provided with rotational duties.
All workers will be regularly checked medically for any noise related health problem
and if detected, they will be provided with alternative duty.
Over and above all these adopted measures, trees and shrubs belts of substantial
depths within and surrounding plant premises will further attenuate the sound levels
reaching the receptors within and outside the plant premises.
4.1.4.5 Ecological Features
Impacts
Erection and commissioning of the project may change the land-use pattern of the
project area and may cause significant loss of habitat, which is unavoidable. However,
the proposed steel plant is coming up within the land allocated to AISL – thus such
changes are not of major concern.
During construction some existing vegetation which is bushes on the project site may be
cut / damaged.
The construction and operation of the project may cause direct impact to the wildlife
present in the area. However, there is not significant presence of wild life in the area as
per record and the proposed steel plant is coming up within the allocated land of AISL -
thus the impact on wild life is not envisaged.
Emissions from plant operation may affect the natural vegetation and agricultural crops
around the proposed steel plant.
The thresh-hold limit for continuous exposure of SO2 on plants is 50 ug/m3 and that for
NOx is 100 ug/m3 (Env. Engg., Chapter 7 by H. S. Pavy, D. R. Rowe, G.T.
Chobanoglous. Mc.Graw-Hill Book Co.1986). The level of air pollutants due to operation
of the proposed steel plant will be much below the above said level. Moreover, the area
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is dry and the natural vegetation commonly found on hillocks and in plain areas are
scrub types. All the plants naturally occurring are xerophytic with sunken stomata, thick
and small leaves. All these adaptations are for water conservation. Side by side these
features are also helpful in protecting plants from air pollutants. Thus, it is expected that
the natural vegetation in the area will not be affected. So far as agriculture crops are
concerned, as they will remain in the field for three to six months only, the impact on the
same is also not anticipated.
The waste water from plant operation and domestic use may cause surface water
pollution in the area.
Mitigation Measures
All technological measures to limit air emissions, waste water discharge and noise
generation are envisaged in the proposed steel plant design and hence no further
mitigation measures envisaged.
An elaborate green belt / cover is proposed, which will ameliorate the fugitive emissions
and noise from the project operation.
The proposed project is designed for maximum re-circulation and no effluent will be
allowed to discharge out of plant premises. The project and domestic waste water will be
treated and after treatment the same will be re-used and recycled within the plant itself
and the excess water will be used for gardening purpose and dust suppression of plant
roads. Thus, there will be no impact on the ecological components of surface water
bodies in the area.
4.1.4.6 Occupational Safety and Health
Impact
Working operation of integrated steel plant is cumbersome and negligence in plant
operations may cause risk to safety and health problems.
Mitigation Measures
For ensuring better occupational health and safety the following measures will be
provided:
General Measures
Proper control of fugitive dust from sources inside plant including open stockyards
and to keep all de-dusting systems in prefect conditions. The de-dusting systems
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provided in shops will be regularly monitored and the level of dust in working zone
will be reported to the management for necessary control action.
Keeping plenum ventilation systems of premises in perfect working order to avoid
accumulation of dust on equipment inside the pressurized room. Regular cleaning of
air filters shall be practiced.
Keeping air conditioning plants in perfect running condition for control /
instrumentation rooms.
Proper functioning of pollution control systems to minimise dust fall on plant and
outside areas.
Based on the environmental monitoring for dust, gases, toxic chemical, noise &
vibration, the workers exposed to these will be regularly checked in medical unit and
results will be intimated to management.
Workers exposed to noise prone areas will be medically checked and proper noise
protective equipment will be supplied to them and will be encouraged to use the
same.
Spot cooling facilities will be provided for workers exposed to high heat generating
shops and will be checked periodically. If necessary, rotation of duties is advised.
Proper attention is given to township water quality so that water borne disease may
not affect residents.
More doctors in township hospital and plant medical unit will be additionally trained
in the field of occupational health as policy matter.
House Keeping Measures
Proper housekeeping is the key to proper environmental management. This creates
proper working environment for the work force and safe working conditions. However, for
the proposed capacity the following good housekeeping measures will be adopted:
Regular cleaning and watering of plant roads to avoid accumulation of dust/garbage.
Regular cleaning of shop floors.
Avoiding accumulation and dumping of wastes and damaged equipment and items
anywhere inside the plant affecting aesthetics.
Developing a positive outlook in the employees for keeping the work place, both in
factory, office or laboratory, clean and well maintained.
Maintaining hygienic conditions in areas like canteens, near drinking water sources
and toilets.
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4.1.4.7 Charter on Corporate Responsibilities for Environmental Protection (CREP)
The Charter on Corporate Responsibility (CREP) as laid down by Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB) for Integrated Iron and Steel Industry will guides the production in
the proposed steel plant.
Table 4.5: Charter of Corporate Responsibility shall be as followed
SN Unit /
Item
Responsibilities Extent of fulfillment
1. Coke
Oven
Meeting parameters related to
PLD, PLL, PLO etc.
These criteria will be fulfilled
2. SMS To reduce fugitive emission by
installing a secondary dedusting
system
secondary dedusting facility
envisaged to reduce the fugitive
emission
3. BF Direct Injection of reducing agents Coal Dust Injection (CDI) system
for BF has been envisaged
4. SMS /
BF
Utilization of SMS and BF Slag 100 % utilization will be explored
through setting of cement
grinding unit
5. Coke
Oven
Charging of Tar sludge / ETP
sludge to coke oven
Possibility will be explored
6. Water
conserva
tion
Reduce specific water
consumption to 5m³/t for long
products and 8m³/t for flat
products.
Operation of COBP Effluent
Treatment Plant efficiently to
achieve notified discharge
standards
The statutory norms will be
complied.
4.1.5 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES BECAUSE OF ACCIDENTS
Any accident / mishap resulting in Fire or consequent to fire will not have any serious
repercussions as that of a major hazard. Furthermore, the fire in such of these
installations will be contained and confined to the installation / facility only and there are
no chances of escalation.
Since many gases is used as fuel in the furnaces, any leakage of the same may lead to
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fire accidents which may cause damage to men, material and machinery in the nearby
areas and are controllable. Whereas, once the `BLEVE’ sets in, it is uncontrollable and it
is a major disaster situation. The physical damage caused by a `BLEVE’ cannot be
controlled.
Mitigation Measures
Proper on-site / off-site emergency plans & Disaster Management Plan will be made. In
addition, various fixed installations for Fire Detection, Alarm and Firefighting will be
available to effectively tackle the situation before the fire escalates into a conflagration.
Regular mock drills will be conducted to check the effectiveness of the system
4.2 Measures for Minimizing and / or Offsetting Adverse Impact
The potential adverse environmental impacts possible verses the mitigation measures
incorporated to minimize the possible impacts, in the proposed steel plant have been
summarized in brief in Table 4.6.
Table 4.6: Potential Impacts Verses Mitigation Measures Adopted
S
N.
Impact
Topics
Impact On Impact Due To Adopted Measures
1 Physical
Resources
Air
environment
Release of air
pollutants
Incorporation & installation of air
pollution control systems and ensuring
their effective functioning.
Water
environment
Drawl of water &
release of polluted
waste water
Sufficiency of water availability
assessed, maximum re-circulation of
water envisaged, and Incorporation &
installation of water pollution control
systems and ensuring their effective
functioning.
Soil Release of polluted
waste water,
Deposition of PM
released, &
Dumping of solid
waste
Incorporation & installation of water
and air pollution control systems,
Handling & disposal of solid waste
including hazardous waste in
accordance with statutory norms.
2 Biological
Resources
Vegetation Release of polluted
wastewater,
Deposition of
pollutants released.
Incorporation & installation of water
and air pollution control systems
3 Land Land Conversion of Land acquired is declared as
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S
N.
Impact
Topics
Impact On Impact Due To Adopted Measures
resources environment,
Aesthetics
existing land use
pattern
Industrial land
4 Noise Habitats Use of equipment
having operating
sound level more
than the statutory
level.
Noise Control measures as required
have been envisaged. All noise levels
will be maintained within the
permissible statutory limits.
5 Hazardous
Substance
Habitat,
Surrounding
environment
Release of
hazardous
chemicals
Incorporation of different process
control systems, Safety features,
Alarm arrangements, and follow up of
Disaster management / Emergency
response plan
6 Transportati
on
Habitat,
Surrounding
environment
Release of pollutant,
Improper traffic
management.
Use of vehicles meeting the statutory
norms related to emission, transport
by railway freight, proper traffic
management.
7 Social &
Economic
Human,
livelihood,
Education etc
Influx of people,
Settlement, Stress
on existing
infrastructure etc.
No negative impact envisaged since
site is already a planned town.
Moreover, additional social
improvement activities have also been
planned by the project management in
the region.
8 Cultural
resources
Human Influx of people,
Settlement
No negative impact envisaged since
site is near to Koppal town
4.3 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Environmental Components
The project is not expected to create any irreversible and irretrievable impacts because
of the following:
The project is coming within the allocated land by Karnataka Government for
industrial use.
No forest land is involved.
No rehabilitation of site dwellers is required.
All the impacts created by the project can be mitigated by adoption of suitable
mitigation measures.
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4.4 Assessment of Significance of Environmental Impacts
General
The assessment of effects of a particular action judgment must be made as to whether
these effects are “Significant”. Significance is a relative concept, which reflects the
degree of importance placed on the impact in question. Having identified the events
associated with the proposed activity and their potential consequences, the next issue
required to be addressed is the extent to which these make the proposed activity
environmentally significant. In developing the criteria for determining this, the criteria
outlined in the different guidelines for determining the level of environmental impact were
considered.
The criteria entail an assessment of the level of certainty in the prediction of an activity’s
potential environmental consequences (Predictability Criterion), combined with an
assessment of the degree to which these consequences can be managed
(Manageability Criterion).
The predictability criterion involves determining the level of certainty in the prediction of
different issues for each of the events and their potential environmental consequences
associated with the activity.
The manageability criterion focuses on the extent to which the potential environmental
consequences can be either avoided or minimised in terms of size, scope and duration.
It is based on the recognition that minimizing the environmental impact of an activity
primarily entails managing the environmental consequence(s) of those activities by
either avoiding them in the first place or by mitigating them to as low as reasonably
practical. From the significance scores for the predictability and manageability criteria,
the level of environmental significance for each of the potential events associated with
the proposed activity can then be determined as High, Medium or Low on the basis of
environmental significance matrix.
The steps followed for assessing the significance are presented schematically in Fig. 4.4
below. The aspect of environment and their environmental consequences considered
are presented in Table 4.7.
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Table 4.7: Events and their Environmental Consequences
Aspect of
Environment
Category of
Impact
Type of Event Likely Consequences
Physical
Environment
Air Impacts Emissions to air (e.g. dust,
SO2, NOx gases etc)
Health risk to local community;
Greenhouse effect.
Soil Impact Soil earthworks Reduction in visual/aesthetic sight of
area.
Surface &
Ground
Water
Impacts
Water extraction Water shortage to local community,
agriculture and ecosystem.
Spills into water bodies (e.g.
oil or chemical spills)
Inconsumable water to the local
community and ecosystem.
Altering drainage patterns Reduced water capacity of natural
water bodies. Increased soil erosion.
Fauna
Impacts
Disturbing terrestrial or aquatic
species
Endangering species; Displacing
species
Flora
Impacts
Disturbing native flora
Clearing native vegetation
Threaten biological diversity Destroy
fauna habitats; Threaten biodiversity
Social
Environment
Community
Resource
Impacts
Use of public resources Degradation of public infrastructure
(e.g. roads)
Change in land use Disadvantage groups within the
community; Loss of recreational
amenity of a region
Change visual attributes of
area
Reduction in aesthetic and
recreational value of area
Cultural
Impacts
Change demographic
structure of an area
Changes to community make up;
Changes in community cultural
identity and values
Community
Health
Impacts
Air emissions Health problems in the community
Noise and vibration Discomfort to local community;
Water contamination Health risk to local community
Potentially hazardous
operations (e.g. high-pressure
pipelines, hazardous
substance storage)
Health and safety risk to local
community
Economic
Environment
Community
Welfare
Altering economy of a region Changes to the standard of living in
the region;
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Aspect of
Environment
Category of
Impact
Type of Event Likely Consequences
Impacts Altering employment rate
within a community
Changes to the standard of living;
Social instability/stability
Changes in employment levels;
Natural
Resource
Impacts
Disturbance of natural
resources of other industries
in the region
Changes in level of viability of other
industries, Changes to industry types
within Region
Altering existing land use. Changes to land value;
Criteria for Determining Significance
Issues considered under the predictability criterion are given in Table 4.8.
Table 4.8: Issues Considered under Predictability Criterion
a) Size of event(s) & consequence(s):
The accuracy of the predicted quantity of potential pollution discharge on a unit or total
basis, the amount of population, land, fauna and flora disturbed, and the size of the
potential consequences of such events.
b) Scope of consequence(s):
For example, the accuracy of the predicted extent to which the potential consequences
extend beyond the confines of the area or region of direct disturbance.
c) Duration of event(s) & consequence(s):
This includes the accuracy of the predicted timeframe (i.e. short or long term) over which
the event and their potential consequences are expected to last.
d) Likelihood of events
The likelihood at which the events that can potentially result in the consequences are
estimated to occur.
e) Stakeholder Concerns of event(s) & consequence(s)
The extent to which the stakeholder perceptions, views and concerns of the events and
their consequences associated with the activity is known.
As a first step, the level of certainty in the prediction of these issues has been
determined and categorized as either Low, Medium or High as defined in Table 4.9.
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Table 4.9: Level of Certainty in the Prediction of Activity Events and their
Associated Consequences
Low Extreme uncertainty in the prediction of the issue. Well-informed decision-
making is very difficult to make.
Medium Some uncertainty in the prediction of the issue. Sufficient confidence in the
accuracy of the data to make informed decision-making possible.
High Insignificant uncertainty in the prediction of the issue. Confidence in making
an informed decision is very high.
The level of certainty for the above issues for each event is then determined. For ease of
assessment, the results have been tabulated as shown below in Table 4.10
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Identify events associated with the proposed activity and any potentially environmentally adverse
consequences associated with these events
Predictability Criterion Assess the level of certainty in the prediction of the activity events and their associated adverse
environmental consequences in relation to their:
Size
Scope,
Duration,
Likelihood and
Stakeholder Concerns
Manageability Criterion Assess the level to which any adverse consequences for each event can be managed in relation to:
Being avoided;
Likelihood of occurring;
Duration;
Size and scope;
Cumulative effects;
Stakeholder concerns
Determine the environmental significance scores for each event against the predictability and
manageability criterion (Table 4.11 to 4.15 respectively).
Ascertain the level of environmental significance (Low, Medium or High) for each event
(environmental significance matrix: Table 4.16).
Classify level of Environmental Impact of the overall proposed activity on the basis of the level of
environmental significance of each event.
Fig. 4.4: Steps for Assessment of Significance of Environmental Impacts
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Environmental Significance Against Predictability Criterion
Once the level of certainty of each of the issues is determined, it is then possible to
assess the environmental significance of each of the events associated with the activity
against the predictability criterion. The environmental significance is determined and
assessed on a scale of 1 to 5 as described in Table 4.10.
The significance score can then be tabled into the “significance score” column of the
predictability criterion Table 4.11.
Table 4.10: Predictability Criterion Significance Score
Significance
Score
Predictability Criterion
1 All of the issues outlined in Table 4.7 have been fully addressed; all
events and their consequences associated with the activity have been
accurately predicted to a high level of confidence.
2 There is a mixture of high and medium certainty of the issues. No issue
is of low certainty.
3 All issues are of medium certainty.
4 There is low certainty in at least 1 of the issues for either the events or
their potential environmental consequence(s).
5 There is low certainty in all of the issues for either the events or
consequences.
Table 4.11: Predictability Criterion Table
Step 1 Each of the events of the proposed
activity and their associated consequences
are assessed against certainty (Low,
Medium or High as described in Table 4.9) in
the prediction of: •the size; •scope; •duration;
•likelihood; and •stakeholder concerns Step
2 Significance Score of 1 to 5 is assigned for
each event using Tables 4.9 & 4.10. Siz
e
Sc
op
e
Du
rati
on
Fre
qu
en
cy
Sta
ke
ho
lde
r
Co
nc
ern
s
Sig
nif
ican
ce s
co
re
NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Impact on Soil Earthworks High High High High High 1
Contamination (e.g. spills) High High High High High 1
Air Impacts Air emissions Mediu
m
Med. Med Med. High 2
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Step 1 Each of the events of the proposed
activity and their associated consequences
are assessed against certainty (Low,
Medium or High as described in Table 4.9) in
the prediction of: •the size; •scope; •duration;
•likelihood; and •stakeholder concerns Step
2 Significance Score of 1 to 5 is assigned for
each event using Tables 4.9 & 4.10. Siz
e
Sc
op
e
Du
rati
on
Fre
qu
en
cy
Sta
ke
ho
lde
r
Co
nc
ern
s
Sig
nif
ican
ce s
co
re
NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Surface/Groun
d Water
Impacts
Water contamination Mediu
m
Med. Med. Med. High 2
Water extraction High High High High High 1
Altering drainage patterns High High High High High 1
Fauna Impacts
Disturbance to species High High High High High 1
Disturbance to habitats High High High High High 1
Flora Impacts
Disturbing native flora species High High High High High 1
Clearing extensive areas of native vegetation High High High High High 1
SOCIAL IMPACTS
Community Resource Impacts
Public infrastructure High High High High High 1
Land use High High High High High 1
Changes to visual attributes of area High High High High High 1
Cultural Impacts
Changes to demographic structure of area High High High High High 1
Community Health Impacts
Air quality changes Medi Med. Med. Med. High 2
Noise and vibration High High High High High 1
Changes to water quality High High High High High 1
Hazardous operations introduced Med. Med. Med. Med. High 2
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Community Welfare Impacts
Wealth and employment High High High High High 1
Natural Resource Impacts
Disturbance of natural resources of other
industries
High High High High High 1
Altering existing land use High High High High High 1
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Manageability Criterion
This criterion focuses on the extent to which the potential environmental consequences
can be either avoided or minimised in terms of size, scope and duration. It is based on
the recognition that minimizing the environmental impact of an activity primarily entails
managing the environmental consequence(s) of those activities by either avoiding them
in the first place or by mitigating them to as low as reasonably practical. That is, any
event will have an impact of some sort on the natural, social or economic aspects of the
environment within which it occurs. However, the severity of the impact(s) depends on
the extent to which the consequences to the environment can be eliminated or
minimised. Therefore, the manageability criterion assesses the level to which the
environmental consequences of each event can be either avoided or mitigated.
Issues Under Manageability Criterion
In assessing the level to which the environmental consequences can be managed the
issues given in Table 4.12 may need to be addressed.
Table 4.12: Issues Considered under Manageability Criterion
a) Avoidance of Consequences
The extent to which the associated consequences of the various activity events
can be totally avoided.
b) Likelihood of Event Occurring
The likelihood or probability of an event occurring must also be addressed. If the
likelihood of such an event or sequence of events occurring has been managed
so as to be very low and acceptable to other stakeholders, then it could be said
that this is being managed appropriately and therefore of low significance
c) Duration of Consequences
Whether the consequences can be managed to be short-term needs to be
addressed – short-term needs to be defined in the context of the environment
within which the potential consequences are likely to occur. That is, concepts
such as the resilience of the environment would come into consideration.
d) Size and Scope
Consideration should be given to the extent to which the size and scope of the
consequences can be managed, for example area of land, amount of flora and
fauna or number of people affected by an activity. Consideration should be given
to the size and intensity of the impacted environment relative to the undisturbed
surroundings. Also, whether the consequences are potentially catastrophic in
terms of human and environmental well-being, for example wide scoping and
irreversible consequences.
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e) Cumulative Effects
This includes any cumulative effects of the consequences, for example, the
number of individual activities, which individually may not pose a significant
environmental risk but collectively their potential consequences may be very
significant in a particular region.
f) Stakeholder Concerns
The level of severity of the environmental consequences perceived by
stakeholders (e.g. the outrage effect).
Table 4.13 outlines some basic questions, which can be used to address the above
issues.
Table 4.13: Questions for Addressing Issues under Manageability Criterion
Issues Questions
Avoidance of
consequences
Can the potential adverse environmental consequences be avoided; or are
there is no such consequence? (Yes or No)
Likelihood of
event
What is the probability of an event occurring, which may result in the
adverse environmental consequence(s)? (Low, Medium or High on the
basis of the results of the risk assessment carried out in accord with
relevant standards)
Duration of
consequences
Are the consequences likely to be Short, Medium or Long term?
Size and
scope
Can the consequences be managed so as to be small or confined to a
designated area? (Small or Confined?) If they are not small or confinable
are the consequences potentially catastrophic? (Wide Scoping and
Irreversible).
Cumulative
effects
Is it likely that the potential consequences of the proposal in conjunction
with those of other existing activities are likely to pose a higher and
unacceptable risk to the environment than if the individual activities were
carried out on their own?
Stakeholder
concerns
Is there any major concern of other stakeholders on any of the
consequences of the proposed activity?
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Environmental Significance Against Manageability Criterion
Once the potential environmental consequences have been addressed in relation to the
above issues, the level of environmental significance of each of the events associated
with the proposed activity can then be assessed against the manageability criterion. As
with the predictability criterion, the environmental significance for the manageability
criterion is assessed on a scale of 1 to 5 as described in Table 4.14
Table 4.14: Manageability Criterion Significance score
Significance
Score
Manageability Criterion
1 Adverse consequences of the various events associated with the
proposed activity can be totally avoided, or it is highly unlikely that the
events will ever occur.
2 Adverse consequences can be managed to be short-term. Short-term
needs to be defined in the context of the environment within which the
potential consequences are likely to occur.
3 Adverse consequences are not or cannot be managed to be short-
term, but they can be confined so as to be insignificant in terms of size
and scope relative to the surroundings.
4 Adverse consequences in conjunction with those of existing activities
pose significant cumulative effects. Or Consequences are significant in
terms of duration and/or size and scope relative to surroundings.
5 Consequences are potentially catastrophic. Or There is high
stakeholder concern on the severity of the consequences.
Catastrophic in this context means wide scope and long term or
irreversible consequences such as death or serious injury to many
individuals or permanent adverse change to the environment.
A step-by-step outline of the use of Tables 4.13 & 4.14 to assess the level of
environmental significance for each of the events associated with the proposed activity
against the manageability criterion is suggested as follows.
Step1: Where potential adverse consequences can be totally avoided; or where there
are no adverse consequences associated with the events of the activity; or where there
is a low likelihood of an event occurring which would lead to adverse consequences
being realized then the event can be considered as being of low significance. In this
case a significance score of 1 should be assigned.
Step 2: Where potentially adverse consequences cannot be totally avoided or where
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their likelihood of being realized is not low, consideration needs to be given to the
duration of the consequences. If the consequences can be managed to occur only for
short term in the context of the environment within which they will occur. In such cases a
significance score of 2 should be assigned.
Step 3: If the consequences are not short term, then the question of whether or not they
can be confined within a designated area, which is relatively small, compared to the
surrounding environment needs to be addressed. If they can be confined to being small,
then a significance score of 3 is assigned. If they cannot be confined to being small and
are significant in terms of size and scope relative to surroundings and/or duration, then a
significance score of 4 is assigned.
Step 4: Before assigning a 2 or 3 significance score, the question as to whether the
consequences may pose a significant risk to the environment as a result of the
cumulative effects with the consequences of other existing activities needs to be
considered. If it is considered that the cumulative effects are a significant risk, a
significance score of 4 should be assigned.
Step 5: In the case where the consequences are potentially catastrophic in terms of
being wide scoping and irreversible, or where there are major concerns by other
stakeholders of the consequences, then a significance score of 5 should be assigned.
The significance score can then be entered into the “significance score” column of the
manageability criterion Table 4.15.
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Table 4.15: Manageability Criterion Table
Step 1 The associated consequences of each of
the impacts are assessed against the following
issues: •the extent to which they can be avoided;
•the likelihood of events occurring which result in
the impacts being realized •their duration; •the size
and scope the consequences; •the cumulative
effects of the consequences; and •stakeholder
concerns Step 2 Each of these issues are
addressed using the questions given in Table 4.13.
Step 3 Significance Score of 1 to 5 is assigned for
each impact-using Table 4.14.
Av
oid
an
ce
Lik
elih
oo
d
Du
rati
on
Siz
e &
Sc
op
e
Cu
mu
lati
ve E
ffe
cts
Sta
ke
ho
lde
r C
on
cern
s
Sig
nif
ican
ce S
co
re
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Soil Impacts
Earthworks Ye
s
Lo
w
Me
d.
Sma
ll
N
o
No 2
Contamination (e.g. spills) Ye
s
Lo
w
Me
d.
Sma
ll
N
o
No 2
Air Impacts
Air emissions Ye
s
Lo
w
Me
d.
Sma
ll
N
o
No 2
Surface/Ground Water Impacts
Water extraction No Lo
w
Me
d.
Sma
ll
N
o
No 1
Water contamination Ye
s
Lo
w
Me
d.
Sma
ll
N
o
No 2
Altering drainage patterns No - - - - - 1
Fauna Impacts
Disturbance to species No - - - - - 1
Disturbance to habitats No - - - - - 1
Flora Impacts
Disturbing native flora species No - - - - - 1
Clearing extensive areas of native vegetation No - - - - - 1
SOCIAL IMPACTS
Community Resource Impacts
Public infrastructure No - - - - - 1
Land use No - - - - - 1
Changes to visual attributes of area No - - - - - 1
Cultural Impacts
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Step 1 The associated consequences of each of
the impacts are assessed against the following
issues: •the extent to which they can be avoided;
•the likelihood of events occurring which result in
the impacts being realized •their duration; •the size
and scope the consequences; •the cumulative
effects of the consequences; and •stakeholder
concerns Step 2 Each of these issues are
addressed using the questions given in Table 4.13.
Step 3 Significance Score of 1 to 5 is assigned for
each impact-using Table 4.14.
Av
oid
an
ce
Lik
elih
oo
d
Du
rati
on
Siz
e &
Sc
op
e
Cu
mu
lati
ve E
ffe
cts
Sta
ke
ho
lde
r C
on
cern
s
Sig
nif
ican
ce S
co
re
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Changes to demographic structure of area No - - - - - 1
Community Health Impacts
Air quality changes Ye
s
Lo
w
Me
d.
Sma
ll
N
o
No 2
Noise and vibration No - - - - - 1
Changes to water quality Ye
s
Lo
w
Me
d.
Sma
ll
N
o
No 2
Hazardous operations introduced Ye
s
Lo
w
Me
d.
Sma
ll
N
o
No 2
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Community Welfare Impacts
Wealth and employment No - - - - - 1
Natural Resource Impacts
Disturbance of natural resources of other industries No - - - - - 1
Altering existing land use No - - - - - 1
Environmental Significance
From the significance scores for the predictability and manageability criteria, the level of
environmental significance for each of the potential events associated with the proposed
activity can then be determined as High, Medium or Low on the basis of environmental
significance matrix presented in Table 4.16.
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Table 4.16: Matrix for Determining Level of Environmental Significance
Scores Manageability Criterion
1 2 3 4 5
Predictability Criterion 1 L L L M H
2 L L L M H
3 L M M H H
4 L M M H H
5 L M M H H
H = High; M = Medium; L = Low
As observed in Table 4.16, it is proposed that where adverse environmental
consequences can be avoided or where it is very unlikely that an event will occur which
would result in such consequences (i.e. a Score of 1 against the manageability criterion),
then the significance of the individual event associated with the proposed activity can be
considered to be low regardless of the predictability score.
The significance matrix provided in Table 4.17 can be developed so as to set the three
levels of significance at other positions within the matrix.
Table 4.17: Activity Environmental Significance Table
Description Predictability
Criterion
Score 1-5
(Table 4.10)
Manageability
Criterion
Score 1-5
(Table 4.15)
Level of Environmental
Significance H: High M:
Medium L: Low (Table
4.16)
NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
Soil Impacts
Earthworks 1 2 L
Contamination (e.g. spills) 1 2 L
Air Impacts
Air emissions 2 2 L
Surface/Ground Water Impacts
Water extraction 1 1 L
Water contamination 2 2 L
Altering drainage patterns 1 1 L
Fauna Impacts
Disturbance to species 1 1 L
Disturbance to habitats 1 1 L
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Description Predictability
Criterion
Score 1-5
(Table 4.10)
Manageability
Criterion
Score 1-5
(Table 4.15)
Level of Environmental
Significance H: High M:
Medium L: Low (Table
4.16)
Flora Impacts
Disturbing native flora species 1 1 L
Clearing extensive areas of native
vegetation
1 1 L
SOCIAL IMPACTS
Community Resource Impacts
Public infrastructure 1 1 L
Land use 1 1 L
Changes to visual attributes of area 1 1 L
Cultural Impacts
Changes to demographic structure of
area
1 1 L
Community Health Impacts
Air quality changes 2 2 L
Noise and vibration 1 1 L
Changes to water quality 1 2 L
Hazardous operations introduced 2 2 L
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Community Welfare Impacts
Wealth and employment 1 1 L
Natural Resource Impacts
Disturbance of natural resources of
other industries
1 1 L
Altering existing land use 1 1 L
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4.5 Technological Details of Environmental Mitigation Measures
Introduction
The proposed steel plant may be accompanied by certain undesirable consequences
requiring mitigative measures. Since the objective of environmental impact assessment
is to ensure that development proceeds hand in hand with ecological conservation so as
to achieve sustained growth, it becomes imperative that a proper mitigative vis-à-vis
environmental control measures are adopted at the planning and implementation stage
itself. Environmental control measures are necessary for any major proposed steel
projects to maintain environmental balance and to check possible harmful effects. These
control measures are of multidisciplinary dimensions and varies with type of projects. It
has already been indicated earlier in the EIA part that a number of environmental factors
needs to be considered covering ambient air quality, water pollution, solid waste
management, social factors, etc. The environmental control measures thus envisaged
for the proposed plant are described in following text.
To ameliorate the adverse impacts of the project and for scientific development of the
local environment, a comprehensive Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is
necessary. This has been worked out based on present environmental conditions,
environmental impact assessment and environmental prediction. The EMP has been
made for formulation, implementation and monitoring of environmental protection
measures during and after commissioning of the proposed steel plant taking into
consideration of the following:
Mitigation of adverse impacts.
Housekeeping.
Occupational safety and health plan
Green belt development plan.
Carbon Credit Technology or CDM Projects Envisaged
Under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in steel sector the Green House Gases
(GHG) reduction projects which can be taken through the CDM route to accrue carbon
credits benefits as financial incentives for the efforts. Following are the areas which shall
be developed as CDM project activity and have been identified for availing carbon credit
in the proposed plant:
1. Top Pressure Recovery Turbine (TRT) in Blast Furnace
2. Coal dust injection in Blast Furnace
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3. Sinter Plant: Waste Heat Utilization
4. CDQ in Coke Oven
Project Concept Note (PCN) and Project Design Document (PDD) will be prepared after
detail engineering.
Top Pressure Recovery Turbine (TRT) in Blast Furnace
Top Pressure Recovery Turbine (TRT) is a power generation system, which converts the
physical energy of high-pressure blast furnace top gas into electricity by using a
pressure recovery turbine. Although the pressure difference is low, the large gas
volumes make the recovery economically feasible. The key technology of TRT is to
secure the stable and high-efficiency operation of the turbine in dusty blast gas
conditions, without harming the blast furnace operation. Two types of system are
available, Wet TRT system and Dry TRT system.
Benefits:
Generates electric power.
Excellent operational reliability, abrasion resistant.
Suitable for larger furnaces and higher temperature gases.
Coal Dust Injection (CDI) in Blast Furnace
Pulverized coal injection in BF replaces part of the coke used to fuel the chemical
reaction, reducing coke production, thus saving energy. The increased fuel injection
requires energy from oxygen injection, coal, and electricity and equipment to grind coal.
The maximum injection depends on the geometry of the BF and impact on the iron
quality (e.g., sulfur).
Coal dust injection system will be introduced involving handling, screening, drying and
pulverization system for coal. CDI has an economic as well as an environmental
advantage as it directs injection of coal into BF as reducing agent which reduces coke
requirement (for every Kg of coal injected approximately 0.8 Kg. of coke requirement is
reduced).
Benefits:
Reduces emissions of coke ovens by reducing coke making, as required for without
CDI.
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Increased costs of oxygen injection and maintenance of BF and coal grinding
equipment offset by lower maintenance costs of coke batteries and/or reduced coke
purchase costs, yielding a net decrease in operating and maintenance costs.
Decreased frequency of BF relining
Improved cost competitiveness with cost reduction of hot metal
High reliability and easy operation
Increased productivity
Sinter Plant Waste Heat Utilization
Waste heat utilization has been envisaged preheating the sinter mix before feeding to
sinter bed. For the same ignition furnace with post heat hood and pre-heating (before
ignition furnace) shall be installed just after the sinter mix drum feeder. Hot air from
waste heat recovery system of sinter cooler shall also be used for preheating of raw
material before ignition furnace and post heat hood after ignition furnace.
Benefits:
Fuel savings in terms of reduction in Coke consumption and steam
Exhaust heat recovery.
NOx, SOx and particulate emissions reduction
Increased productivity, yield, and cold strength
Use of Continuous Casting Technology
Hundred percent of the steel production through continuous casting facilities saves
considerable energy and protects environment. The major environmental advantages
are:
- Elimination of Soaking pits resulting in reduction in consumption of fuels and
Electricity.
- Considerable energy is saved vis-à-vis less energy generation and reduces pollutant
emissions.
- Less scrap production resulting in improved yield and less solid waste handling.
CDQ in Coke Oven
Coke oven is the equipment to carbonize coal to make coke and discharge periodically
coke at around 1000 deg. C. This coke is cooled by the inert gas instead of water. The
major advantages are:
- Power generation from sensible heat
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- Particulate emission
4.5.3 AIR POLLUTION: MITIGATION MEASURES
A number of environmental friendly features have been envisaged in the proposed steel
plant design due to which the anticipated adverse environmental impacts are either
avoided or minimized. The remedial and control measures planned to be adopted are
discussed briefly in the following sections.
4.5.3.1 Fugitive Dust Emission Control
Coke Oven and By-Product Plant
To minimize fugitive emissions from the Coke Ovens during charging, High Pressure
Ammonia Liquor Aspiration (HPLA) system has been considered for effective on-main
charging. The oven doors would be provided with special type of sealing device. The
coke side fugitive emission would be controlled by providing land-based pushing
emission control system, integrated with coke transfer car. Computerized Combustion
Control System (CCS) has been envisaged for the Coke Ovens to improve efficiency of
combustion. The measures considered to control the fugitive or secondary emissions
from the coke oven batteries for the proposed project is described below:
a. High Pressure Ammonia Liquor Aspiration (HPLA) System
To control charging emission from coke oven battery, high-pressure ammonia liquor
aspiration system (HPLA) has been envisaged. It shall consist of high-pressure
multistage booster pumps for ammonia liquor, spray nozzles and pipelines. The low-
pressure ammonia liquor shall be drawn from the liquor mains, pressurized to about 30
– 35 Kg / cm2 and injected into gooseneck while charging. The charging gasses
evolved shall be sucked into the gas collecting mains, preventing emission of dust and
smoke into the atmosphere.
b. Coal Charging Cars
AISL has intended to provide charging cars fitted with screw feeders and hydraulically
pressed sleeves. Feeding of coal into oven will be carried out with control speed by
screw feeders. During charging hydraulically, pressed sleeves will be helping to
eliminate leakage around charging holes. The charging cars shall be of modern single
spot type with hydraulic drives to cater to the needs. The charging cars shall be provided
with PLC and air-conditioned operators cabin. The charging cars shall also be equipped
with oven top vacuum cleaner which will help in proper up keeping of oven top.
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c. Hydro Jet Door Cleaners
During the coking process in the Ovens, the bitumen separates out mainly at the bottom
of the Oven and if there are any gaps in the door seal, Coal tar oozes out of the door. At
times, it is impossible to get the door back onto the Oven because of a buildup of
bitumen in the faces. This results in leaking doors allowing Coal gas and sulphurous
fumes to escape to the surrounding. It is therefore required to maintain clean door. AISL
have envisaged to provide hydraulic door cleaner system to reduce the pollution and
improved working environment. The system will be complete with high-pressure water
pump, tank, hose, nozzles etc. with pressure and volume control arrangement. The
hydro jet cleaning system will be used for door and the doorframe cleaning with facility of
hydro pressure up to 600 Kg/cm².
d. Leak Proof Oven Door
Leak proof oven door will be installed the Coke Oven batteries. Doors shall be leak proof
with flexible sealing strips and other modified features to ensure leak proof sealing. The
doors shall be of heat resistant cast iron provided with spring-loaded latches and spring-
loaded sealing strips.
e. Pushing Emission Control (PEC)
Pushing emission control (PEC) system has been envisaged to capture the emission of
hot coke dust and other pollutants when coke side door of a coke oven is opened and
coke is pushed out of the oven and dropped into the coke car. In the PEC system the
dust recovery hood unit /assembly will consists of two suction hoods and connecting
duct piece. The coke car hood shall extend over the hot coke car and shall be open to
the top face of the hot coke car as well as to the discharge face of the coke guide car.
This hood will suck dust-laden gas when hot coke is dropped from coke guide car into
the hot coke car during coke pushing operation and will be a part of the coke guide car
machine. The other suction hood i.e. the oven door hood shall be movable inside a
telescopic sleeve and shall move /extend over oven door area to extract smoke and dust
arising /emitting when the door is taken off the oven for coke pushing operation. The
telescopic sleeve of the oven door hood and the coke car hood shall be joined into a
connecting duct piece which shall be extended over stationary collecting duct positioned
along the full length of the coke oven battery. The collecting duct shall be open on top for
its full length. The opening shall be internally braced with grating to provide support for a
special high temperature rubber belt. The actual connection between the moving dust
recovery hood unit / assembly and the stationary collecting duct shall be achieved by
means of belt raising tripper car movable on the collecting duct along the length of the
collecting duct.
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The pushing emission thus collected in the moving suction hoods and evacuated into the
stationary collecting duct shall be taken into a dust control system (Wet Scrubber / Bag
Filter) before discharging through a stack / chimney of suitable height.
f. Dry-fog Dust Suppression System in Coke Cutter / Coke Conveyor
When temperature of the Coke reaches normal, Dry fog type dust suppression system is
proposed for the coke cutting house / coke conveyor transfer points to suppress the
coke dust and other dust particles in the major areas like Transfer towers, Coke crushing
station, Coke screening station, etc.
The Duel Fluid Dust Suppression "DFDS" (water atomization with compressed air) Dust
Control System works on the principle of agglomeration. Dust particles released from
a material handling or processing plant, which become air borne, are made to pass
through a blanket of extremely fine fog. The dust particles and the micro-sized fog
droplets collide and adhere to each other, thus increasing their mass. After a series of
such collisions, the mass becomes heavy enough to cause settlement of the
agglomerates on to the larger mass of the material being handled.
Coal Handling and Coke Sorting Plant
The following air pollution control system will be installed in coal handling and coke
sorting plant:
Water sprinklers for wagon tipplers
Dust Extraction system (Bag Filter based) for coal crusher house
Dust suppression system at crusher feeding point – Duel Fluid Dust Suppression
(DFDS)
DFDS Dust suppression system (compressed air and water) for coal handling plant
Dust Extraction system with Bag Filter in coke sorting plant
Raw Materials Handling (RMHS) Section
To control the fugitive dust emissions at the stock piles on the ground, conveyor transfer
points, vibrating screens, etc which would be major source of fugitive dusts, both water
sprinkling and dry fogging (DFDS) would be adopted for dust suppression. The DFDS
system generates a layer of fine water droplets (fog) that a dust particle cannot pass
through without colliding with water droplet. It does not use any chemicals as dust
suppressant agent. DF requires only compressed air and water pressure for atomization
through specially designed nozzles. DF is applicable for coal dusts, coke dust, ore dust
etc which are non-reactive with water – if the material is not hot.
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For lime dust abatement, conventional dust extraction (DE) would be adopted. The Dust
Extraction system will comprise of pulse jet type bag filter, centrifugal fan with motor and
other accessories, suction hood, duct work, stack, etc. will be provided. The pollution
Control Facility at RHMS can be summarized as:
Stock Pile & Wagon Tripler – Plain water spray
Rest all transfer point – DFDS
All crusher House – Bag Filter based Dust Extraction.
DE system with bag filters in case of crusher house of lime/dolo handling plant.
Sinter Plant
There will be plant de-dusting system for different material transfer points in Sinter Plant
Stock House and sinter screening and transport (to maintain proper work-zone
condition). The ESP system will comprise of fan, ESP, suction hood, ducts and stacks.
BF: Stock House and Cast House De-dusting System
The DE system based on fabric filter / electrostatic precipitator (ESP) would be provided
for room air cleaning such as BF Stock House and BF Cast House fume extraction.
The fans will suck the air from the hoods of the working cast house and there will be no
suction from hoods of the standby cast house except partial suction of air from tap hole.
Pneumatic / Electrically operated dampers shall be provided in duct line to prevent idle
suctions from non-working cast house. Variable inlet vane type pneumatic / electrically
operated dampers are also to be provided at fan inlet.
Air laden with fumes of iron oxides will be cleaned in electrostatic precipitator before
being discharged into atmosphere through stack with the help of centrifugal fans. The
centrifugal fans are to be provided after ESP and before stack for sucking the air. The
suction shall be taken from different points like taphole, skimmer, slag runner, iron
runner, tilting runners and from BF top charging conveyor discharge. Dust concentration
of inlet air to ESP is 3-5 gm/ Nm3
Collected dust at ESP hoppers will be taken to storage hopper and from there dust will
be disposed by truck. Clear height below storage hopper shall be 4.5 m to facilitate truck
entry.
Dust concentration at stack outlet shall be less than 50 mg/Nm³. Work zone dust
concentration shall not exceed 5mg/Nm³.
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SMS
Material Handling Operations
The SMS would be one of the prime sources of fugitive dust emissions during material
handling operations, charging / tapping / blowing, argon rinsing, steel pouring, de-
slagging etc. Air pollution control system comprising of suction hood, duct and bag filters
are provided in the SMS for bulk material charging system, mixer, desulphurization and
LF.
Lime and Dolomite Plant
In Lime and Dolomite Plant - raw material bunker building, lime / dolo sizing plant, Dust
extraction (plant de-dusting system) system will be provided. In lime / dolomite DE
system will comprise of pulse jet type bag filter, centrifugal fan with motor and other
accessories, suction hood, duct work, stack, etc.
4.5.3.2 Point Source Dust Emission Control
Wherever there is fuel gas fired combustion systems like coke oven batteries, BF stoves
and reheating furnace of mills, where cleaned fuel gases are used, no dust emission
control devices are proposed.
Process Dust Emission Control
In case of BF, BOF top gas having calorific value and contains large amount of dust. To
clean the gas wet scrubbing / ESP will be installed for cleaning fuel gases. However, as
per process requirement at regular intervals fuel gases will be burnt in the flare stacks.
All efforts will be made to utilize the fuel gases.
In case of Sinter plant and lime / dolo kilns, the waste gases contain large amount of
dust and will require ESP/bag filter to arrest the particulates and emit the clean flues to
the atmosphere. The ESP/Bag filters will be designed to limit the emissions to less than
50 mg/Nm3. However, in order to meet the statutory ground level concentration limits for
SO2, NOx and other gaseous pollutants, suitable stack heights will be provided for
proper dispersion. All stacks will be provided with port-hole and working platform so that
stack monitoring can be done as per norms of statutory authority.
All bag filters shall have bags with non-adhesive coating to avoid blinding of bags and no
air infiltration into bag house including ducting shall be ensured. However, the suitability
of non-adhesive coating for specific application will be examined during detailed
engineering. Pug mills shall be provided below dust silos to prevent secondary pollution /
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fugitive emission during unloading of dust. The collected dust from bag filters shall be
transported to nearby material handling system. In case this is not feasible, the same will
be transported by trucks to consumer points such as sinter plant.
Sinter Plant
A centralized de-dusting system with dry type electrostatic precipitator (ESP) will be
provided for raw material preparation and handling and sinter screening and transport
area. ESP system will comprise of multiple fields and its accessories such as dust
disposal system, electrics and control, instrumentation, interlock, supports etc.
Blast Furnace
A number of measures have been considered to control the emission from the blast
furnaces:
Coal Dust Injection (CDI)
Coal dust Injection (CDI) in BF has been planned at the rate of about 150 Kg/t hot metal.
The CDI has an economic as well as an environmental advantage. Direct injection of
coal as reducing agent facilitates replacing part of the required coke. It is considered that
for every Kg of coal dust injected approximately 0.8 Kg of coke requirement is reduced.
Thus, a considerable amount of coke production can be avoided.
Gas Cleaning System
A gas cleaning plant comprising of dust catcher, scrubber and wet ESP will be installed.
EOF/BOF – Convertors / LF
BOF Gas Cleaning System
The dust cleaning (of primary gases) system will be of venturi scrubber type.
Secondary Refining
During secondary refining process, the gases generated during mixing and de-
sulphurisation process will be contaminated with dust. A centralized secondary dust and
fume extraction system for Converters and LFs will comprise of Bag Filter suction hood,
ducts and stacks.
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Lime and Dolomite Plant
In Lime and Dolomite Plant, the waste gas cleaning will be conducted through dust
extraction system comprising of pulse jet type bag filter, centrifugal fan with motor and
other accessories, suction hood, duct work, stack etc.
4.5.3.3 Gaseous Emission Control
SO2 Emission Control
The main sources of sulphur dioxides from the steel plant operations are the
metallurgical coal used in the coke ovens. In consideration to this, it is proposed to use
low sulphur blended coal (S < 0.5 w/w). A major portion of sulphur present in coal or
coke would be fixed in BF and BOF slag. The balance sulphur in the form of H2S is
present in coke oven gas would be partly removed in the byproducts plant to 3 - 4gm/N
cu m of H2S. For power generation it is envisaged to use relatively sulphur free fuel
gases hence no significant emissions from power plants are envisaged. The other
source of sulphur dioxide emissions is from the sinter plant, where the sulphur present in
coke is reflected as sulphur dioxide in the waste gases. The emissions can be reduced
by using metallurgical coal with low sulphur (<0.5%) and also be incorporating waste
heat recovery systems.
NOX Emission Control
The source of NOX is fixed nitrogen in coal. During coking, nitrogen is converted to
ammonia and is present in coke oven gas. The ammonia is removed in the byproducts
plant so that the generation of NOX is reduced in furnaces where coke oven gas is used
as fuel.
Other than this NOX, there would be thermal NOX during combustion of fuels. It is
therefore proposed to have combustion control devices by adopting waste gas
recirculation and introducing secondary air in the combustion process. For this using low
NOx burners so as to minimize the formation of NOX will be installed to limit combustion
temperature in different units as feasible.
Carbon Monoxide Emission Control
The source of carbon monoxide generation is from the waste gases from the combustion
operations. The control of air/fuel will be adjusted in such a way that formation of carbon
monoxide is minimised in presence of excess oxygen in the flues.
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4.5.3.4 Summary of Proposed Air Pollution Control (APC) Measures
In line with the above stated proposals for air pollution prevention and control of the
emissions from proposed production facilities, a summarized list of required APC
measures is presented in Table 4.18. Air pollution control measures envisaged above
will be designed suitably so as to meet the air emission norms. The table indicates
design target and control measures at respective sources.
Table 4.18: Emission Norms for Air Pollution Control (APC) Measures
Sl.
No
Production
Unit/
Facilities
Proposed Emission Control Devices Design Target
Non-Point Sources Point Sources
1. Coal Handling
/ Coke Sorting
Plant
Dust suppression: water
sprinkler & DFDS
DE system bag filter
based: Coal crusher
house / Coke sorting
plant.
- Dust outlet: < 50 mg/N
m3
Work zone Dust level:
< 5 mg/ m3
2. Raw Materials
Handling
Section
- Covered conveyor
- Dry Fogging
- Water sprinkling
- Bag filter - DE system
DE Stacks Dust outlet: < 50 mg/N
m3
Work zone Dust level:
< 5 mg/ m3
3. Coke Oven
Battery
- On-main charging by
HPLA
- Coke side dust extraction
Combustion
Stack
Fugitive Emissions:
5% PLD
1% PLL
4% PLO
BaP:
Work Zone (Battery
Top): 5 ug/m³
Other Units in Coke
Ovens: 2 ug/m³
Stack emissions:
SPM < 50 mg/ m3
SO2 < 800 mg/ m3
NOx < 500 mg/ m3
4. Sinter Plant - Raw feed proportioning
building, Sinter Cooler,
Air Cleaning by DE
- Waste flue gas
cleaning by ESP
- Sinter Process
Dust outlet: < 50 mg/N
m3
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Sl.
No
Production
Unit/
Facilities
Proposed Emission Control Devices Design Target
Non-Point Sources Point Sources
System comprising of
ESP
De-dusting by
ESP
- Sinter process:
low NOx
burners
Work zone Dust level:
< 5 mg/ m3
5. Blast Furnaces - BF Stock House by DE
system
- BF Cast House by DE
system: ESP
- BF Stove
Stack
- BF Stove: low
NOx burners
Dust outlet < 50 mg/N
m3
Work zone Dust level:
< 5 mg/ m3
6. Steel Melting
Shop
SMS Material Handling -
DE system by Bag filter
- Centralized
secondary
fume
extraction
system for
converters /
LFs with Bag
filter.
Dust outlet < 50 mg/N
m3
Work zone Dust level:
< 5 mg/ m3
7. Lime & Dolo
Plant
- Lime Plant Raw Material
Bunker Building - De-
dusting by Bag Filter.
- Lime sizing plant – De-
dusting by Bag Filter.
Waste flue gas
through Bag
filter (fabric)
Dust outlet < 50 mg/N
m3
Work zone Dust level:
< 5 mg/ m3
8 Bar & Rod Mill
Reheating
Furnace
- Low NOx
burners
Dust outlet < 50 mg/N
m3
9 Power Plant - - Low NOx
burners
- ESP
Dust outlet < 50 mg/N
m3
Work zone Dust level:
< 5 mg/ m3
4.5.4 WATER: MITIGATION MEASURES
Treatment of waste water generated from the proposed Integrated Steel Plant will be
done as given in following sections. Further, several waste water recycling measures will
be adopted as briefed in following sections to minimize fresh water intake.
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Treatment of Coke Oven Effluent Stream
This would be the only toxic effluent stream, which requires physico-chemical as well as
biological treatment. Raw coke oven effluent would be first stripped off in ammonia still
by alkali addition in a stripping column. The effluent after bringing down the ammonia
load below 100 mg/l would be stored in balancing reservoir. From the balancing tank, the
effluent would require separation of floating and emulsified oil. Thereafter three-stage
aeration with addition of nutrients and maintaining desired bacteriological population
followed by clarification for removal of phenol and ammonia in waste. The treated
effluent would be pumped to the settling pond for reuse within the plant in Coke
quenching and greenbelt.
Gas Cleaning Plant Waste Water
The BF and BOF gas cleaning scheme would be of the conventional venturi type which
have become the bench mark for similar application. The effluent coming out of the wet
scrubber would be contaminated with high concentration of suspended solids. The slurry
effluent would be clarified in the clarifier to recover clarified water for recycling to the wet
gas scrubber after cooling in the cooling tower. The contaminated water coming from
gas cleaning plant is collected in the flash mixer. Coagulants are added in the flash
mixing tank and then water is supplied into thickeners (high rate type) for further
treatment. The clean overflow water is collected in clean water sump and pumped back
to gas cleaning plant. The settled sludge in the thickeners is pumped to sludge storage
tanks and vacuum filter unit for drying and the cakes are disposed suitably.
Treatment of Caster Effluent and Mill Effluents
The wastewater is generated in the continuous casting units mainly due to machine /
Mould cooling and may be contaminated with suspended solids and traces of oil. The
effluent from the mill would be collected first in scale pit which is a large settling basin to
separate out the floating oil and settable iron scales. The clean water is passed through
sand filters to remove finer particles, after which the water is recycled in the process.
The back wash from the filters is sent to the settling tank for removal of particulates. The
settled sludge is sent to sinter plant for agglomeration. Quality of this discharged water
will be continuously checked and as required will be treated to meet statutory norms.
Treatment of Plant Sanitary Wastewater
The sanitary wastewater would be treated in sewage treatment plant details of which is
submitted after detailed engineering stage.
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Treatment of Waste Water from Indirect Cooling Circuit Streams
In the proposed project the waste water generated from indirect cooling circuits of sinter
plant, blast furnace, BOF and rolling mill are not normally contaminated with any major
pollutants. However occasional discharges are made as bleed off when there is built up
of dissolved solids in the circulating water due to repeated circulation. The dissolved
solids are mainly different salt constituents of calcium and magnesium already present in
water. Thus, major portion of water will be re-circulated after necessary physical
treatment e.g. settling, cooling etc.
Cooling Tower Blow Downs from Direct Cooling Circuit Streams
It is noted that the re-circulating water in cooling towers gets contaminated with the dust
& dissolved solids, necessitating blow down. It is proposed that all cooling towers be
provided with side stream pressure filters to reduce the volume of blow down. The
cooling towers shall be designed to operate at high cycles of concentrations to conserve
water.
Summary of Proposed Wastewater Treatment Scheme
In view of the above stated proposals for wastewater treatment and disposal for various
production facilities, a summarized list of the same is presented in below:
SN Production Unit/ Facilities Outlet Effluent Characteristics
mg/l
1. Coke Ovens By-Products
Recovery Plant
pH 6.0 – 8.5
Suspended Solids <100
Phenol < 1.0
CN- < 0.2
N2 < 50
BOD, 3 days at 27oC < 30
COD < 250
Oil & Grease < 10
2. BF-Gas Cleaning Plant TSS< 100
3. BOF-Gas Cleaning Plant TSS< 100
4. Other Plants, such as Sinter
Plant, BF & SMS
pH 6.0 – 9.0
Suspended Solids < 100
Oil & Grease < 10
5. Plant Sanitary Effluent Treatment
Plant
B.O.D< 20
Coli-form < 500 MPN/100 ml
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Reuse of Waste Water
Some of the measures taken to reuse the wastewater generated in the plant will be:
The wastewater generated from BF gas cleaning plant after physical treatment will
be reused in the system.
Cooling Tower blow downs of indirect cooling water system shall be used for slag
quenching and as make up to direct contaminated cooling water circuits and surplus
if any would be stored in the treated wastewater lagoon for in-plant use (e.g. Green
belt, floor washing, plant road dust suppression etc).
Blown down water from Blast Furnace re-circulation system will be reused in Slag
Granulation Plant as make-up water to SGP re-circulation water system.
Blow down water from BOF re-circulation system will be reused in SMS slag yard for
spraying on hot slag.
Blow down water from power plant will be reused for Pig Casting Machines.
Through cascaded reuse of blow-down, the water scheme ensures practically zero-
discharge from the industrial water circuit. However, in such huge operation of ISP some
water will be discharged, which will meet the statutory norm.
4.6 RAIN WATER HARVESTING
While developing the Plant General Layout for plant commissioning, it will be ensured
that rain water is harvested from building rooftops. Run-off water from the office areas &
shop roofs will be collected and stored for future use. Proper functioning of the systems
provided will be ensured by regular monitoring.
4.7 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
Energy conservation measures will be implemented so as to bring energy saving and
also possible CDM benefits. This will include providing VVF drives for higher capacity
motors, LED lamps etc.
4.8 SOLID WASTE: MITIGATION MEASURES
Different types of solid wastes are generated from Integrated Steel Plant. The source of
solid waste generation along with their re-use, re-cycle, utilization and disposal
methodology are presented below:
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Solid Waste Generation their Re-Use, Re-Cycle, Utilization and Disposal
S
N
Type of
Solid
Waste
Re-utilization Dumpe
d for
Future
Use
Recycle Re-use
Within Plant Sold
1 BF slag - Sold to Cement
manufacturers / glass
manufactures
2 EOF/BOF
Slag
- Granulated and
partly used in
plant
- Balance will be
crushed &used for
making roads, civil
works, etc.
- Will be sold to parties for
building roads (aggregate
for road making, Rail
Track ballast, land filling,
after conditioning), civil
engineering works, etc.
- Soil conditioner as it
contains P2O5, especially
at places where PH is
acidic as in heavily
leached soils of Ranchi
region.
- Used in sinter @of 3%
only due to high P2O5.
3 EOF/BOF
Scales &
Scrap
Reused in
sinter plant
as sinter mix.
- -
4 Mill Scrap Used in BF - -
5 Waste
Refractory
- Used in Plant for
making refractory
mortars in captive
mortar shops
- Making / repairing
plant roads
Sold as material for making
road embankment or for
filling low lying areas
6 Lime/dolo
mite Fines
Re-used in Sinter
Plant
7 Mill scale - Reused in Sinter
Plant (Oil content
from1 - 3%).
- Reused as a
reductant input
material in BF (Oil
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S
N
Type of
Solid
Waste
Re-utilization Dumpe
d for
Future
Use
Recycle Re-use
Within Plant Sold
content up to
15%)
8 BF Flue
Dust
Reused in
sinter plant
as sinter mix.
Used in pellet plant -
9 BF GCP
Sludge
- Reused in
sinter plant
as sinter
mix
Used in Sinter Plant -
10 BOF
Sludge
Reused in
sinter plant &
BF
Used in Sinter Plant -
11 Sinter
ESP Dust
Recycled in
Sinter plant
- - -
Recycle of waste means utilization of waste in the same process from which it has been
generated
R-use of waste means utilization of the waste in any process other than the process from
which the waste has been generated. The process utilizing the waste may be within the
plant or outside the plant. In case of utilization outside plant, the waste is sold to firm utilizing
the waste
Disposal means dumping of waste in designated areas.
The following shop wise specific management measures will be adopted for solid waste:
Sinter Plants
100% recycling of LD sludge, Mill scale, Lime and Dolomite dust, SP sludge, and ESP
dust.
100% recycling of return sinter fines
Complete utilization of 10 mm LD slag
BF Flue dust utilization in Sinter Plant.
Blast Furnaces
100% Cast House slag granulation for sale to Cement Plants. Recycling of LD slag
(10-40 mm size) for its lime content
Use of cast-able material in Cast House runners, in place of ramming mass, which
will reduce scrap generation by 1%.
Recycling of BF flue dust in sinter plant and sold.
Recycling of used refractory.
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Steel Melting Shops
Recycling of LD sludge will be explored.
LD slag – after granulation partly used in Sinter Plants, Blast Furnaces and Steel
Melting shop for conserving limestone & dolomite. Balance used for making roads,
civil works etc.
Refractory Material Plant
Under size limestone, dolomite & lime fines recycled 100% to Sinter Plant.
Utilization of refractory grog made from used refractory bricks for mortar
manufacturing of different grades (25% raw material input is from grog)
Ladle covering compound in SMS using LD Slag
Waste Mg-C bricks for production of new bricks for converter bottom, coating and
patching materials for converter vessels
Rolling Mills
100% recycling of mill scales.
4.9 Green Belt Development: Mitigation Measures
Green belt, is an important sink for air pollutants, it also absorbs noise. Enhancing green
cover not only mitigates pollutants but also improves the ecological conditions /
aesthetics and reduces the adversities of extreme weather conditions. Trees also have
major long-term impacts on soil quality and the ground water table. By using suitable
plant species, green belts can be developed in strategic zones to provide protection from
emitted pollutants and noise.
Plant species suitable for green belts should not only be able to flourish in the area but
must also have rapid growth rate, evergreen habit, large crown volume and small /
pendulous leaves with smooth surfaces. All these traits are difficult to get in a single
species. Therefore, a combination of these is sought while selecting trees for green belt.
The green belt / cover will serve the following purposes:
Compensate the damage to vegetation due to setting up and operation of the
proposed steel plant.
Prevent the spread of fugitive dust generated due to project and allied activities.
Attenuate noise generated by the project.
Reduce soil erosion
Increases green cover and improve aesthetics.
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Selection of Species
The species for plantation shall be selected on the basis of soil quality, place of
plantation, chances of survival, commercial value (timber value, ornamental value, etc.),
etc. It is to be noted that only indigenous species will be planted. Exotic species like
Eucalyptus and Australian acacia will not be planted. The species for green belt /
vegetation cover development will be selected in consultation with State Forest
Department and State Soil Conservation Department. Mixed plantations will be done
keeping optimum spacing between the saplings. However, the species suitable for
planting in the area as recommended by Central Pollution Control Board in their
publication “Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts” (PROBES/75/1999-2000) are
given under various heads here under:
Plantation Scheme
Plant saplings will be planted in pits at about 2.0 m to 3.0 intervals so that the tree
density is about 1600 trees per ha. The pits will be filled with a mixture of good quality
soil and organic manure (cow dung, agricultural waste, kitchen waste) and insecticide.
The saplings / trees will be watered using the effluent from the sewage treatment plant
and treated discharges from project. They will be manured using sludge from the
sewage treatment plant. In addition, kitchen waste from plant canteen can be used as
manure either after composting or by directly burying the manure at the base of the
plants. Since, tests have shown that availability of phosphorus, a limiting nutrient, is low,
phosphoric fertilizers will also be added. The saplings will be planted just after the
commencement of the monsoons to ensure maximum survival. The species selected for
plantation will be locally growing varieties with fast growth rate and ability to flourish
even in poor quality soils.
A total of about 33% of the project area will be developed as green belt or green cover in
project area (including water bodies), township and other areas. The widths of the belt
around the plant will be erected all around the project boundary, depending on the
availability of space.
Vegetation/ Plantations
AISL has already started extensive plantation programme. The proposed Green belt /
cover development is shown in layout fig.
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A very elaborate green belt development plan shall be drawn for the proposed steel
plant. The areas, which need special attention regarding green belt development in the
plant area, are:
1. Steel Plant Area - Around Various Shops
2. Areas Plant Boundary
3. Vacant Areas in Plant
4. Around Office Buildings, Garage, Stores etc. and Along Road Sides
1. Steel Plant Area
Inside the steel plant works area, the region with high pollution load are areas around
Raw Material Yards, Coal Handling Yards, Lime / Dolo Calcination Plant, Blast Furnace,
Sinter Plant, Coke Ovens, Steel Melting Shop etc.
To arrest the fugitive emissions emitted from such polluting units, a two-pronged
approach will be adopted
Plantation all around the concerned units close to the source in available spaces to
arrest fugitive emissions at the source.
Plantation on NW and W of the concerned units: By taking the concerned unit as
centre and planting trees in a “V” in NW and W direction [i.e. downwind (D/W) of
predominant wind SE and E] at staggered distances in available spaces to arrest
fugitive emissions which have not been arrested by the green belt at the source.
As there will be limited space (in height) due to various overhead pipelines, thus small
and medium sized species are suggested and they should be planted depending on
the vertical height and lateral space available for the plant growth. The above-
mentioned areas / direction should be covered with pollution tolerant species (in the
space available around) as mentioned below:
Scientific Name Common Name
Acacia mangium Mangium
Acacia nilotica Babul
Annona squamosa Sharifa
Bougainvillea spp. Bougainvillea
Cassia auriculata Cassia
Duranta sp. Duranta
Ficus religiosa Peepal
Murraya exotica Kamayani
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Scientific Name Common Name
Nerium sp Pink Kaner
Pithecolobium dulce Sweet Tamarind
Pongamia pinnata Karanj
Saraca Indica Ashok
Thevieta peruviana Yellow Kaneer
Zizyphus mauritiana Indian jujube
The plants in the steel plant works area should be periodically washed with
water spray, especially during dry and dusty seasons.
2. Areas Around Plant Boundary
Green belt is to be developed along the plant boundary.
(i) Curtain belt on the outermost boundary comprising tall trees with conical
canopy.
(ii) Middle belt of large size trees with globose and spreading canopy and
(iii) Inner belt with medium size trees with spreading or trailing canopy. The
desired minimum thickness of these belts should be as follows:
Location Width (m)
Outer belt (pollution attenuation) 30
Middle belt (pollution attenuation) 50
Inner belt (pollution attenuation and training of winds to middle
& outer belt)
20
However, the above-mentioned thickness of each belt may be proportionately
reduced or increased in view of the total space available for plantation work. The
list of plants to be used in each belt is given in the following paragraphs.
In the curtain belt the following species of trees be planted keeping a space of
2.5m from plant to plant as well as from row to row:
Scientific Name Common Name
Acacia mangium Mangium
Albizzia lebbek Siris
Artocarpus heterophyllus Kathal
Azadirachta Indica Neem
Butea spp. Palas
Dalbergia sissoo Shisham
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Scientific Name Common Name
Leucaena leucocephala Subabool
Pithecolobium dulce Junglee jilebi
Polyalthia longifolia Drooping Ashok
Pongamia pinnata Karanj
Syzygium cuminii Jamun
Tectona grandis Teak
In the middle belt - the following species of trees to be planted 3 m apart, from
tree to tree as well as from row to row:
Scientific Name Common Name
Anthocephalus cadamba Kadamb
Azadirachta Indica Neem
Cassia siamea Cassia
Ficus bengalensis Bargad
Ficus religiosa Peepal
Lagerstroemia parviflora Lagerstroemia
Pongamia pinnata Karanj
Tamarindus Indica Imli
In the inner belt - the following species of trees and shrubs to be planted 2.0 m
apart from tree to tree as well as from row to row:
Scientific Name Common Name
Acacia arabica Babul
Acacia mangium Mangium
Bougainvillea spectabilis Bougainvillea’s
Murriya exocitica Kamayani
Nerium sp Kaneer
Sarca Indica Ashok
Zizyphus spp Ber
3. Vacant Areas in Plant
Plantation in vacant areas will be selected from among the following species.
Plantation will be done in staggered trench manner 3.0m apart.
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Scientific Name Common Name
Artocarpus heterophyllus Kathal
Azadirachta Indica Neem
Ficus bengalensis Bargad
Ficus religiosa Peepal
Lagerstroemia parviflora Lagerstroemia
Mangifera Indica Mango
Pongamia pinnata Karanj
Syzygium cuminii Jamun
Tectona grandis Teak
4. Plantation around Office Buildings, Stores, Garage etc.
The species recommended for plantation around various buildings will include:
Scientific Name Common Name
Anthocephalus cadamba Kadamb
Azadirachta Indica Neem
Bougainvillea spp. Bougainvillea
Cassia auriculata Cassia
Cassia fistula Amaltas
Cassia javanica Java-ki-rani
Cassia siamea Kassod Tree
Dalbergia latifolia Sisham
Delonix regia Gul mohar
Duranta sp. Duranta
Ficus bengalensis Bargad
Ficus religiosa` Peepal
Lagerstroemia parviflora Lagerstroemia
Mangifera indica Mango
Nerium sp Pink Kaner
Polyalthia longifolia Ashok
Thevieta peruviana Yellow Kaneer
5. Avenue Plantation
Double rows of avenue trees on the outer side of the footpaths are
recommended; an outer row of shade trees and an inner row of ornamental
flowering trees will be planted.
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Foliage Trees for Outer Avenue:
Scientific Name Common Name
Anthocephalus cadamba Kadamb
Azadirachta indica Neem
Dalbergia latifolia Sisham
Mimusops elengi Mimusops
Samanea saman Rain Tree
Syzigium cumnii Jamun
Tamarindus indica Imli
Tectona grandis Teak
Flowering / Ornamental Trees for Inner Avenue:
Scientific Name Common Name
Anthocephalus cadamba Kadamb
Bougainvillea spp. Bougainvillea
Cassia auriculata Cassia
Cassia fistula Amaltas
Cassia javanica Java-ki-rani
Cassia siamea Kassod Tree
Delonix regia Gul mohar
Duranta sp. Duranta
Lagerstroemia parviflora Lagerstroemia
Nerium sp Pink Kaner
Polyalthia longifolia Ashok
Thevieta peruviana Yellow Kaneer
Post Plantation Care
Immediately after planting the seedlings, watering will be done. The wastewater
discharges from different units will be used for watering the plants during non-
monsoon period. Further watering will depend on the rainfall. In the dry seasons
watering will be regularly done especially during February to June. Watering of
younger saplings will be more frequent. Manuring will be done using organic manure
(animal dung, agricultural waste, kitchen waste etc.). Younger saplings will be
surrounded with tree guards. Diseased and dead plants will be uprooted and
destroyed and replaced by fresh saplings. Growth / health and survival rate of
saplings will be regularly monitored and remedial actions will be undertaken as
required.
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Phase Wise Green Belt Development Plan
Green belt will be developed in a phase wise manner right from the construction
phase of the proposed project. In the first phase along with the start of the
construction activity the plant boundary, the township boundary, around the
proposed waste dumps, and the major roads will be planted. In the second phase the
office building area will be planted. In the third phase when all the construction
activity is complete plantation will be taken up in the plant area, in stretch of open
land, along other roads and in the township.
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CHAPTER-5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)
M/s AARESS IRON & STEEL LIMITED (AISL), has proposed integrated steel plant of
3.5 MTPA along with 295 MW power from waste gases at Halavarthi, Koppal,
Karnataka.
5.0 Analysis of Alternative Technologies
Alternate technologies were explored considering the following
Capacity of the Plant.
Conservation of scarce and costly energy input.
Amenability of available raw materials.
Cost consideration.
The availability of infrastructure facilities and logistics of operation are also kept in mind
while evaluating a technology for its possible adoption. And best suited available
technologies are used for the proposed project.
5.1 Alternate Sites/Site Selection
Smooth functioning of the plant depends on the availability of basic requirements. The
location of the project site is selected after detailed survey conducted with respect to
the following points:
Availability of land
Availability of raw material.
Availability of road and rail to facilitate transportation of the plant equipment, raw
material and finished products.
Availability of labor force during construction and operation phase
Accessibility of the site from environmental aspects.
No national park or wild life sanctuary exists within 10 km of the plant.
There are no sensitive places of archaeological, historical, cultural, and religious or
tourist importance within 10 km of the plant.
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CHAPTER-6.0: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.0 INTRODUCTION
The environmental monitoring and evaluation of the management measures envisaged
are critical activities in implementation of the Project. Monitoring involves periodic
checking to ascertain whether activities are going according to the plan. It provides the
necessary feedback for project management to keep the program on schedule. The
purpose of the environmental monitoring plan is to ensure that the envisaged purpose of
the project is achieved and results in desired benefits.
To ensure the effective implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, the broad
objectives of monitoring plan are:
To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP.
To evaluate the adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
To enhance environmental quality.
To implement and manage the mitigative measures defined in EMP.
To undertake compliance monitoring of proposed project operation and
evaluation of mitigative measure.
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS TO BE MONITORED
6.1.1 Several measures have been proposed in the environmental mitigation measures for
mitigation of adverse environmental impacts. These shall be implemented as per
proposal and monitored regularly as per schedule to ensure compliance to
environmental regulation and to maintain a clean environmental condition around the
steel plant.
A major part of the sampling and monitoring activities shall be concerned with long term
evaluation aimed at providing an early warning of any undesirable changes in the
environment or trends in the natural environment that could be associated with the plant
activity. This is essential to determine whether the changes are in response to a cycle of
climatic conditions or are due to impact of the plant activities. In particular, a monitoring
strategy shall be ensured that all environmental resources, which may be subject to
contamination, are kept under review and hence monitoring of the individual elements of
the environment shall be done.
During the operation phase, plant Environmental Management Division (EMD) shall
undertake all the monitoring work to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures
proposed. The suggestions given in the environmental monitoring programme shall be
implemented by the EMD by following an implementation schedule prepared in advance.
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In case of any significant variation in ground level concentration (GLC) in ambient air
quality, stack emission quality, work zone air quality and noise level monitoring results,
performance of effluent treatment facilities, wastewater discharge from plant etc shall be
discussed in the EMD and variance from standard norms shall be reported to higher
management for information and simultaneously corrective action also initiated at
departmental level. In addition to the monitoring programme the following shall also be
done to further ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures:
Third party environmental audits shall be carried out once every year.
Internal environmental audits shall be carried out to check for compliance with
applicable norms by in-house experts once every year.
All necessary steps shall be taken to implement the measures suggested by Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in the Charter on Corporate Responsibility for
Environmental Protection (CREP) for Integrated Iron and Steel Industry. Some of
these measures shall be included in the plant design, such as:
- Direct injection of reducing agents pulverized coal into the Blast Furnaces.
- 100% utilization of Blast Furnace slag for slag cement.
- Hazardous waste authorization shall be obtained from KSPCB. Hazardous
wastes to be handled and disposed off strictly in accordance with Hazardous
Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2008 and subsequent amendment.
- Specific water consumption to be brought down to less than 5 m3/t of crude
steel and all water conservation schemes shall be implemented.
- Promotion of periodic energy audits and its suggestion implemented.
- All major stacks to be provided with continuous stack monitoring facilities with
wide area network for connectivity to Regulator.
The other environmental aspects to be monitored to ensure proper implementation and
effectiveness of various mitigative measures envisaged during the design and
commissioning stage of the proposed plant and are described here under:
6.1.2 Regular Maintenance of Drainage System
The effectiveness of the drainage system depends on proper cleaning of all
drainage/channels. Regular checking will be done to see that none of the drains are
clogged due to accumulation of sludge/sediments. The catch-pits linked to the storm
water drainage system from the raw material handling areas will be regularly checked
and cleaned to ensure their effectiveness. This checking and cleaning will be rigorous
during the monsoon season, especially if heavy rains are forecast.
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6.1.3 Meteorology
It is necessary to monitor the meteorological parameters on regular basis for
assessment and interpretation of air quality data. The continuous monitoring will also
help in emergency planning and disaster management. The proposed plant shall have a
designated automatic weather monitoring station. The following data shall be recorded
and archived:
- Wind speed and direction
- Rainfall
- Temperature and humidity
6.1.4 Major Stack Emissions Monitoring
Schedule monitoring of stacks for PM, SO2, NOx in case of process stacks shall be
done to assess the performance of pollution control facilities installed for the concerned
unit. In case emissions are found to exceed the norms, the ‘on duty’ personnel shall
check the relevant process parameters and take appropriate corrective action. All major
stacks for the proposed plant will be provided with on-line monitoring system. After the
implementation of project, the stacks will be monitored as per plan given in Table 6.1.
Table-6.1: Major Stacks to be monitored after the Implementation of the Project
Shop / Unit Nos. of Stacks Monitoring Frequency
Per Month
1. Sinter Plants Process 4 Once
2. Coke Ovens 4 Once
3. Blast Furnaces Process 6 Once
4. Steel Melting Shop Process
(SMS-1 & 2)
5 Once
5. Bar & Rod Mill 1 Once
6. Wire Rod & Bar Mill 1 Once
7. Hot Strip Mill 2 Once
8. CRM 3 Once
9. Power Plants Process 3 Once
10. Raw material handling
section
1 Once
* Parameters = PM, SO2, NOX & CO
Further for the units commissioned during the proposed plant the following shall be
followed:
Along with the performance guarantee test of main plant equipment, performance
and guarantee test of pollution control equipment will be made before taking over the
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various units. EMD shall also be made a party in preliminary and final acceptance
tests.
A detailed maintenance schedule shall be drawn for all pollution control systems.
The maintenance shall be done strictly as per schedule and guidelines furnished by
manufacturer.
6.1.5 Solid / Hazardous Waste Generation & Utilization
Maximum re-cycling and utilization of generated solid waste as per guidelines shall be
done. Hazardous waste shall be disposed off as per applicable statutory conditions and
ensured its proper disposal.
6.1.6 Green Belt Development Plan
The following Green Belt Development plan shall be made for implementation:
Annual plans for tree plantation with specific number of trees to be planted shall be
made. The fulfillment of the plan shall be monitored by the EMD every six months.
A plan for post plantation care will be reviewed in every monthly meeting. Any
abnormal death rate of planted trees shall be investigated.
Watering of the plants, manuring, weeding, hoeing will be carried out for minimum 3
years.
6.1.7 House Keeping
The EMD will keep a very close monitoring of housekeeping activities and organizing
regular meetings of joint forum at the shop level (monthly), zonal level – (once in two
months) and apex level (quarterly). The individual shop concern will be taking care for
the house keeping of shops.
6.1.8 Occupational Health and Safety
Routine medical examination of personnel will be carried out in a systematic programme
at plant medical unit. A systematic programme for medical check-up at regular intervals
shall be followed for all workers to ascertain any changes in health condition due to the
working conditions.
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6.1.9 Socio-Economic Development
The proposed setting up of the integrated steel plant will improve the infra-structure and
other economic conditions of the area, thus improve the socio-economic development.
The communities, which are benefited by the steel plant, are thus one of the key
stakeholders for the steel plant. It is suggested that the plant management should have
structured interactions with the community to disseminate the measures taken by the
steel plant and also to elicit suggestions for overall improvement for the development of
the area.
6.1.10 The Waste Water Quality
Effluent characteristics at inlet and out let of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) dedicated to
different units shall be regularly monitored (as per Table 6.2) to assess the performance
of different effluent treatment facilities.
Table 6.2: Monitoring of Effluent Outlet & Inlet of ETP
Description Nos. of Locations Monitoring Frequency
Inlet and outlet of ETP of different
units
4X2 Once a month
* Parameters = pH, SS, Phenol, Cyanide, COD, BOD, DO, NH3-N, Temp., metals, O & G
6.1.11 Work Zone Air Quality
Work zone air quality will be monitored as per directives of KSPCB to assess the levels
of Particulate matter, NOx and SO2 in the work zone.
6.1.12 Work Zone Noise
The noise attenuation measures have been proposed at the design stage of the plant
itself. However, in case of high noise generating equipment which are not frequented by
the plant personnel, the area shall be cleanly marked as ‘High Noise” area and the
employees be provided with personal protective equipment like ear plugs/ear muffs.
Noise levels shall be measured at the source of generation.
After the implementation of the project, the noise level shall be monitored as given in
Table 6.3 and all preventive measures shall be followed. Work zone noise shall be
monitored at all units to cover all shift operations once in a year.
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Table 6.3: Noise Level monitored after Implementation
Description Nos. of Locations Monitoring Frequency
Work zone Noise At all shops eight hours per shift
continuous to cover all shift operations
once in a year
Once in a year to cover all
shifts
*Noise Level in Leq (A)
6.1.13 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)
It is necessary to monitor the air quality at the boundary of the steel works specifically
with respect to particulates. It is proposed that continuous emission monitoring stations
(CEMS) be established at two locations of the integrated steel plant. The equipment
shall have facilities to monitor both PM10 and PM2.5 particulates apart from SOx & NOx.
After the implementation of the plant the ambient air quality shall be regularly monitored
as given in Table 6.4.
Table 6.4: Ambient Air to be monitored
Description Number of
AAQ Stations
Monitoring Frequency
1. Ambient Air Quality 5 Once (for 8 hours continuous) per
month
2. Online Particulate Matter
Monitoring at Steel Plant
Boundary
4 Continuous Emission Monitoring
Station
* Parameters = PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOX, CO, O3, NH3, Benzene, BaP, Pb, As and Ni
6.1.14 Wastewater Discharge from Plant
The plant is designed based on zero discharge philosophy and shall try to stick to it.
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6.1.15 Ambient Noise Level
Ambient noise shall be monitored at 10 locations all along the boundary once in a
month.
6.1.16 Ground Water Monitoring
Ground water surrounding the plant and raw material storage shall be sampled from up
gradient and down gradient of the plant including slag dump area to check for possible
contamination and to ascertain the trend of variation in the water quality, if any. In case
any adverse trend is noticed, immediate remedial measures shall be taken. A total of
eight samples (two inside the plant area & six outside) shall be monitored once in a
month for the critical parameters.
6.2 MONITORING PLAN
6.2.1 General
The target of the EMD implementing the environmental monitoring plan on a short-term
basis would be to:
Interpret requirements of the EIA documentation into an environmental action
plan;
Assist project engineering team with the incorporation of EMP requirements in
contract specifications and contract terms and conditions;
Undertake and/or co-ordinate all internal compliance monitoring and evaluation
and external monitoring through suitable outside consulting firm;
Advice the top management on all matters related to environmental
requirements of the project;
The long-term objective of EMD would be to build environmental awareness and
support, both within and outside the plant premises. The other long-term tasks would be
to develop environmental training programme for the target groups of different units of
the plant.
The environmental monitoring plan contains:
Environmental monitoring programme
Performance indicators (PI)
Progress of Monitoring and Reporting Arrangements
Budgetary provisions
Procurement Schedules
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6.2.2 Performance Indicators (PI)
The physical, biological and social components identified to be particularly significant in
affecting the environment at critical locations have been suggested as Performance
Indicators (PIs). The performance indicators will be evaluated under two heads:
a) Environmental condition indicators to determine efficiency of environmental
management measures in control of air, noise and water pollution and solid waste
disposal.
b) Environmental management indicators to determine compliance with the suggested
environmental management measures.
The Performance Indicators and monitoring plans will be prepared for the project for
effective monitoring.
6.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Programme
The environmental monitoring plan during construction and operation stages shall be as
followed for each of the environmental condition indicator is given in table below:
The monitoring plan specifies:
Location of the monitoring sites
Parameters to be monitored
Frequency and duration of monitoring
Applicable standards
Responsibilities for implementation and supervision
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Table 6.5: Environmental Monitoring Programme
Environmental Issue/
Impacts
Mitigation Measures Contract
Documents
Reference
Location Time
Frame
Mitigation
Cost
Responsibility
Impleme
ntation
Supervisi
on
Construction Stage
Generation of
Dust
water spraying shall be use for minimizing
dust spread etc.
Project
Requirement
Construction site During
construction
stage
Project
preparation
cost
Contract
or
Projects
Solid Waste
disposal
Solid waste generated during construction will
be disposed in pre-designated dumping area.
-Do- Construction site
within plant and
dumping area.
-Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
Air Quality at
construction site
Air Quality with respect to various pollutants
shall be monitored.
-Do- At construction site -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
Opération Stage
Environmental
Protection Measures
Environmental Protection Measures as
envisaged for controlling/abating pollution.
Project/
Statutory
requirement
Different units of
steel plant
Continuously Production
cost
Plant
Units/E
MD
Top
Managem
ent
Maintenance of
Storm Water
Drainage System
The drains will be cleared to maintain storm
water flow
-Do- Entire drainage
network of the plant.
Beginning
and end of
monsoon.
Production
cost
Contract
or
Civil
Maint.
Dept.
Stack emissions /
Performance of
pollution control
facilities
Out let of all process & de-dusting (major)
stacks in different units.
-Do- All units of the
proposed Plant
Throughout
operation
stage
-Do- -Do- -Do-
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Environmental Issue/
Impacts
Mitigation Measures Contract
Documents
Reference
Location Time
Frame
Mitigation
Cost
Responsibility
Impleme
ntation
Supervisi
on
Particulate
Monitoring inside
Plant Boundary
Online PM Monitoring at two locations. -Do- Inside the plant Continuously -Do- -Do- -Do-
Solid / Hazardous
Waste generation
and utilization
Maximum re-cycling and utilization of
generated solid waste as per EMP
-Do- All units of the plant
generating &
utilization solid
wastes
-Do- -Do- Concern
ed Plant
Units/E
MD
-Do-
Green Belt
Development
Planning of green belt surrounding steel plant
boundary
-Do- Planting trees in the
open area
-Do- -Do- Horticult
ure
Depart
-Do-
House Keeping Cleanliness at work place Corporate
responsibility
All units of the plant -Do- -Do- safety
Dept
-Do-
Occupational Health Health of workers / Staff -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do- Plant
Medical
Unit
-Do-
Socio-economic
Development
Structured interactions with the community to
disseminate the measures taken by the steel
plant and also to elicit suggestions for overall
improvement for the development of the area
-Do- Stake Holders -Do- CSR cost Personn
el Dept.
/ EMD
-Do-
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Environmental Issue/
Impacts
Mitigation Measures Contract
Documents
Reference
Location Time
Frame
Mitigation
Cost
Responsibility
Impleme
ntation
Supervisi
on
Performance of ETP Effluent Treatment facilities
installed at different units
Statutory
requirement
All units of the
plant
-Do- Environment
al Cost
plant
units/
EMD
-Do-
Work zone Air/Noise
Quality
At all units of the plant -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do- Safety
Dept.
-Do-
Atmospheric
Pollution (AAQ)
Ambient Air Quality with respect to various
pollutants shall be monitored as envisaged in
the pollution-monitoring plan.
-Do- As per specified
AAQ monitoring
programme
-Do- -Do- EMD -Do-
Ground Water
Quality
Changes in ground water quality will be
monitored in the up-gradient and down
gradient of the plant including slag dump will
be monitored
-Do- As per ground water
monitoring
programme
-Do- Env. Cost -Do- -Do-
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Table 6.6: Performance Indicators (PI) for Environmental Monitoring Plan
Environm
ental
compone
nt
Project Stage Parameters Location Frequency Standards Approximate
cost (Rs)
Implement
ation
Responsi
bility
Effluent
Quality
Operation
stage
Parameters as
specified by
statutory
agencies
At outlet of different
effluent treatment
plants
Once in a month IS :2490
IS:3025
4X1X12x7000
=Rs336,000
EMD or
through
approved
monitoring
agency
EMD
Work
zone Air
Quality
Operation
stage
As per applicable
statutory
standards
All units of the plant 8 hr per shift continuous
(to cover all shifts of
operation in a year for
each unit) per year.
Factories Act 20x3X12x8000
=Rs576,000
-Do- -Do-
Ambient
Air Quality
Operation
stage
PM2.5, PM10, SO2,
NOX, CO, O3,
NH3, Benzene,
BaP, Pb, As and
Ni
5 locations Once for 24 hr
continuous, over the
project period (once in a
month per year except in
monsoon) per year.
NAAQ
Standards
IS:5182
5X12X20,000
=Rs 1,200,000
-Do- -Do-
Ambient
Noise
levels
Operation
stage
As per National
Ambient Noise
Standard as per
Environmental
Protection Act,
1986 amended
2002
All along the
boundary
Once in a month during
the operation period.
Noise
Pollution
Control
Rules, 2000
10x12 x4,000
=Rs 480,000
-Do- -Do-
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Environm
ental
compone
nt
Project Stage Parameters Location Frequency Standards Approximate
cost (Rs)
Implement
ation
Responsi
bility
Ground
Water
Quality
Operation
stage
Critical
parameters as
per IS 10500
8 wells ( 2 inside + 6
outside)
Once in a month IS:10500 8X12x8,000
=
Rs 768,000
-Do- -Do-
Stack
émission
monitoring
Operation
stage
PM, SO2, NOx All major process
stacks of plant in
rotation
10 stacks in a month in
rotation
IS:11255 10x12x5000
= Rs. 600,000
-Do- -Do-
Total 39,60,000 Say 40,00,000
Total Monitoring Costs = Rs 40,00,000 per year during the operation year of the proposed plant
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6.2.4 Reporting System for Progress Monitoring
The reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures
proposed as part of the environmental monitoring plan get implemented in the
project. The monitoring and evaluation of the management measures are critical
activities in implementation of the project. Monitoring involves periodic checking to
ascertain whether activities are going according to the plans. It provides the
necessary feedback for the project management to keep the programme on
schedule. The rational for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure
that the measures proposed as part of environmental management plan get
implemented in the project. A reporting system for environmental monitoring plan is
given in Table 6.7.
Table 6.7: Reporting System for Environmental Monitoring Plan
S.
N.
Details Indicators Stage Responsibility
A. Pre-Construction Stage: Environmental Management Indicators and Monitoring Plan
1 Suitable location for dumping
of wastes has to be
identified.
Dumping locations Pre-construction Projects
2 Suitable location for
construction worker camps
have to be identified
Construction camps Pre-construction Projects
B. Construction Stage: Environmental Condition Indicators and Monitoring Plan
1. Dust suppression at
construction site
Construction site Construction Projects
2 The parameters to be
monitored as per frequency,
duration & locations of
monitoring specified in the
Environmental Monitoring
Programme
Air quality Construction Through
approved
monitoring
agency
C. Operation Stage: Management & Operational Performance Indicators
1 Solid waste generation,
utilization and dumping
As per guidelines of
statutory bodies
Operation EMD
2 Hazardous waste re-
utilization and dumping in
designated pits as specified
by statutory authorities.
As per the
notifications /
guidelines specified
by statutory
authorities.
Operation -Do-
3 Stack Emissions from
Process & de-dusting stacks
All parameters as
specified for stacks of
different units by
Statutory Authorities
Operation EMD/ Concerned
Plant Units
4 Meteorology, Ambient air
quality, Waste water
All parameters as
specified by Statutory
Operation EMD
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S.
N.
Details Indicators Stage Responsibility
discharge through plant
outfalls and Noise levels.
Authorities
6.2.5 Emergency Procedures
Emergency procedures will be formulated and implemented at design stage itself for
tackling of emergency situations arising out of the proposed operations.
Emergency situations arising out of non-functioning of the air pollution control
systems and inter-locking of the systems.
Emergency situations arising out of non-functioning of effluent treatment plant
and suitable storage facilities for effluent generation.
6.2.6 Budgetary Provisions for Environmental Monitoring Plan
Summary of Cost of Environmental Monitoring Plan
SN. Item Cost in Rs.
A. Capital Cost
1. Cost of Environmental Monitoring Equipment Rs. 50,000,000/-
Total Capital Cost Rs. 50,000,000/-
B. Operation Phase Recurring Cost in Rs.
/yr.
1 Environmental Monitoring Plan
Monitoring during operation @ Rs 40,00,000/yr. for the
operation phase of the proposed Integrated Steel Plant
40,00,000
Total 40,00,000
2 Contingency @ 5% of Monitoring during operation 200,000
Total Recurring Cost 42,00,000/-
*Note: estimates are on the basis of present cost (2016)
6.2.7 Budgetary Provisions for Environmental Protection Measures
Total capital cost of the project will be around Rs. 18,000 Crores. The environmental
protection measures included in the project cost as estimated are given in Table 6.8.
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Table 6.8: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures (Rs. Crores)
S
N
Environmental Protection Measures Recurring Cost per
annum
Capital Cost
(Rs. Crores)
1 Air Pollution Control 50.0 400
2 Water Pollution Control 15.0 80
3 Noise Pollution Control Included in item
no.1
Included in 1
4 Environment Monitoring Programme 0.46 5.0
5 Green Belt 0.10 8.0
6 Others (Solid waste management,
ventilation / air conditioning, firefighting
etc.)
42.0 307.0
Total 107.56 800.0
Note: estimates are on the basis of present cost (2016)
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CHAPTER-7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 RISK ASSESMENT
7.2.1 Introduction
Industrial project activities, produce, treat, store and handle hazardous substances,
having a high hazard potential, endangering the safety of man and environment at
work place and outside environment. Recognizing the need to control and minimize
the risks posed by such activities, the Ministry of Environment & Forests have notified
the “Manufacture Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules” in the year 1989
and subsequently modified, inserted and added different clauses in the said rule to
make it more stringent. Ministry of Environment & Forests has provided a set of
guidelines for effective implementation of these rules. The guidelines, in addition to
other aspects, set out the duties required to be performed by the occupier along with
the procedures. The rule also lists out the industrial activities and chemicals, which
are required to be considered as hazardous.
The proposed integrated steel plant will be engaged in the production of Steel from
iron ore. During the process of manufacture of iron & steel, many associated
materials, hazardous gases are generated which will be stored and used in the plant.
The major chemicals handled / stored by the plant include coke oven gas (COG),
blast furnace gas (BF gas), basic oxygen furnace gas (BOF gas), LPG, different acids
etc and other fuel storage. In view of this, activities are being scrutinized in line of the
above referred “Manufacture, storage and import of hazardous chemicals rules” and
observations / findings are presented in this chapter.
The assessment has been made in a systematic manner covering the requirements
of the above-mentioned rules. This section has been divided as follows:
i) Process description
ii) Applicability of the rule
ii i) Description of hazardous chemicals
iv) Hazard identification & risk analysis (HIRA)
v) Hazard assessment
vi) Consequence analysis including MCACA
vii) Brief description of the measures taken and
viii) On site emergency plan
7.2.2 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
The proposed steel plant shall follow the BF- BOF-Continuous Casting Route of steel
making. Iron ore lumps, sinters and, coke (made from cooking coal) and fluxes such
as limestone, dolomite are the major raw materials. The main steps in manufacturing
process are as follows:
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Coke Making - Coal Carbonisation
Coking coals are the coals which when heated in the absence of air, first melt, go in
the plastic state, swell and re-solidify to produce a solid coherent mass called coke.
When coking coal is heated in absence of air, a series of physical and chemical
changes take place with the evolution of gases and vapors, and the solid residue left
behind is called coke. Coke is used in Blast Furnace (BF) both as a reductant and as
a source of thermal energy. It involves reduction of ore to liquid metal in the blast
furnace and refining in convertor to form steel. The various stages of the steel plant
are described below:
Sintering
Sintering is a technology for agglomeration of iron ore fines into useful Blast Furnace
burden material. The raw materials used are as follows - Iron ore fines (-10 mm),
coke breeze (-3 mm), Lime stone & dolomite fines (-3mm) and other metallurgical
wastes. The proportioned raw materials are mixed and moistened in a mixing drum.
The mix is loaded on sinter machine through a feeder onto a moving grate (pallet)
and then the mix is rolled through segregation plate so that the coarse materials
settle at the bottom and fines onto the top.
The top surface of the mix is ignited through stationary burners at 1200oC. As the
pallet moves forward, the air is sucked through wind box situated under the grate. A
high temperature combustion zone is created in the charge -bed due to combustion
of solid fuel of the mix and regeneration of heat of incandescent sinter and outgoing
gases. Due to forward movement of pallet, the sintering process travels vertically
down.
Sinter is produced as a combined result of locally limited melting, grain boundary
diffusion and recrystallisation of iron oxides.
On the completion of sintering process, finished sinter cake is crushed and cooled.
The cooled sinter is screened and is dispatched to blast furnace.
Blast Furnace
The Blast furnace iron making process basically consists of the conversion of iron
oxide to iron in liquid form. This requires reductant for reduction of iron oxide and
heat for the above reduction reaction to take place and for melting the products of
smelting. The primary source to fulfill both these requirements is carbon (in the form
of coke). The blast furnace is a vertical counter-current heat exchanger as well as a
chemical reactor in which burden material charged from the top descend downward
and the gasses generated at the tuyere level ascend upward.
The top gas containing the flue dust is routed from the furnace top to the gas purifiers
and then to the consumption zones. The hot air for combustion is injected through
water-cooled tuyeres into the blast furnace. Hot metal is tapped through the tap hole,
which is opened by power driven drills into a train of ladles kept below the runner of
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the cast house. Slag comes along with the metal and is skimmed off with the help of
skimmer plate towards slag runner and is collected in slag thimbles. Raw material
(ore, sinter, coke) are screened before being charged into the blast furnace through
conveyors or skip. Air for combustion in the blast furnace is blown from turbo blowers,
which are preheated in hot blast stoves to temperatures around 1300oC, which is
then blown through tuyers into the blast furnace. Each blast furnace is equipped with
two or more stoves, which operate alternatively. Preheating of air helps in reducing
fuel consumption in the furnace.
Hot metal produced in the blast furnace is sent to Basic oxygen Furnace for steel
making or to Pig casting machines.
Pre-Treatment of Hot Metal
Hot metal from blast furnaces is treated to remove undesired elements like sulphur,
silicon or phosphorous before being transformed to steel. Desulphurising agents are
applied to reduce sulphur content of the metal.
Basic Oxygen Furnace/ Energy optimizing Furnace
The basic oxygen furnace (LD convertor) is a pear-shaped vessel lined inside with
refractory bricks. The vessel lining consists of tar bonded dolomite /magnesia carbon
bricks or other refractories. The vessel can be rotated 360 degree on its axis. Oxygen
is blown into the vessel with the help of water-cooled lance.
The 'heat' begins with the addition of scrap into the slightly tilted convertor, hot metal
is then added after straightening the convertor, and Oxygen is blown into the bath
through the lance. The necessary fluxes are added during blowing. Flux addition is
done automatically and precisely through bunkers situated above the convertor. A
sample is taken after blowing for 16-18 minutes and temperature is measured using a
thermocouple. The steel is tapped by tilting the convertor to the tapping side and
alloying elements are added via chutes while metal is being tapped. The convertor is
tilted to the charging side in order to remove the floating slag.
Reaction
During blowing operation, oxygen oxidizes iron into iron oxide and carbon into carbon
monoxide. The iron oxide immediately transfers the oxygen to the tramp elements.
The center of the reaction has temperatures of around 2000o-2500oC. The
development of carbon monoxide during refining process promotes agitation within
the molten bath. The reaction of the tramp elements with the oxygen and the iron
oxide developed in the center of reaction leads to formation of reactive slag. As
blowing continues, there is a continuous decrease of carbon, phosphorous,
manganese and silicon within the melt. Phosphorous is removed by inducing early
slag formation by adding powder lime with oxygen. The refining process is completed
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when the desired carbon content is attained. The steel produced in the basic oxygen
furnace is sent to continuous casting or for ingot teeming.
Continuous Casting
During continuous casting, the liquid steel passes from the pouring ladle, with the
exclusion of air, via a tundish with an adjustable discharge device into the short,
water-cooled copper mould. The shape of the mould defines the shape of the steel.
Before casting, the bottom of the mould is sealed with a so-called dummy bar. As
soon as the bath reaches its intended steel level, the mould starts to oscillate
vertically in order to prevent the strand adhering to its walls. The red-hot strand,
solidified at the surface zones, is drawn from the mould, first with the aid of a dummy
bar, and later by driving rolls. Because of its liquid core, the strand must be carefully
sprayed and cooled down with water. Rolls on all sides must also support it until it
has completely solidified. This prevents the still thin rim zone from disintegrating.
Once it has completely solidified, mobile cutting torches or shears can divide the
strand. Intensive cooling leads to a homogeneous solidification microstructure with
favourable technological properties.
From the process description it can be noticed that the process of manufacture
requires considerable thermal energy. This thermal energy is supplied through fuel
gasses generated in the plant e.g. Coke oven gas, Blast Furnace gas and BOF gas.
If there is any shortfall of these generated gasses then fuel gas is also supplied from
outside source also. In plant generation of fuel gasses will not meet the requirement
of proposed capacity. Therefore, use of LPG has been considered. Further Oxygen is
also required. Therefore, to run the plant, it is required to store all these chemicals
along with their distribution arrangement.
7.2.3 APPLICABILITY OF THE RULE
From the above description of the process, it is observed that the chemicals handled
and involved are:
(i) Blast furnace gas (ii) Coke Oven gas (iii) BOF Gas (IV) LPG
To decide whether the above-mentioned industrial activities are likely to come within
the scope of the above mentioned “Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous
Chemicals Rules” and the threshold quantities mentioned in the rules are used for
comparison as given in Table 7.1.
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Table: 7.1: Threshold Quantity & the Chemicals Stored and Handled
SN Chemical Stored /
Handled
Qty. Stored / Handled
(In Tons) And Storage
/ Handling Conditions
Whether
Included in The
List of
Hazardous &
Toxic Chemicals
Lower
Threshold
Qty. (In
Tons)
Upper
Threshold
Qty. (In
Tons)
1 Blast Furnace Gas
(Major Constituents
Carbon Monoxide)
768,960 m3 Gaseous,
Ambient temp & Press.
Yes 15 200
2 Coke Oven Gas
(Major Constituents
Hydrogen &
Methane)
103,732m3 Gaseous
Ambient temp & Press.
Yes 15 200
3 BOF Gas (Major
Constituents
Carbon Monoxide)
21,414m3 Ambient
temp &Press.
Yes 15 200
After comparison of the stored / handled and threshold quantities, it can be noticed
that majority of the chemicals are crossing the lower threshold quantities but are
below the upper threshold quantities. Accordingly, rule nos. 7,8,9,13,14, and 15 will
be applicable, whereas for the other chemical, the stored / handled quantities are
less than the lower threshold quantity. Accordingly, only rule 17 i.e. preparation and
maintenance of material safety data sheets for these chemicals are required. Rule -7
i.e. notification of site requires submission of a written report containing among other
information the followings:
a) Identification of major accident hazards
b) The conditions or events which could be significant in bringing one about
c) Brief descriptions of the measures taken
d) Area likely to be affected by the major accident etc.
7.2.4 DESCRIPTION OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
The chemicals which are expected to be handled are presented in Table 7.1. The
Material Safety data sheets of different chemicals are presented below.
DATA SHEET
Carbon monoxide
CAS : 630-08-0
CO RTECS: FG3500000
Synonyms & Trade Names DOT ID & Guide :1016 119
Carbon oxide, Flue gas, Monoxide 9202 168 (cryogenic liquid)
Exposure NIOSH REL: TWA 35 ppm (40 mg/m3) C
200 ppm (229 mg/m3)
Limits OSHA PEL†: TWA 50 ppm (55 mg/m3)
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IDLH Conversion
1200 ppm See: 630080 1 ppm = 1.15 mg/m3
Physical Description Colorless, odorless gas. [Note: Shipped as a non-liquefied or
liquefied compressed gas.]
MW: 28.0 BP: -313°F MLT: -337°F Sol: 2%
VP: >35 atm IP: 14.01 eV R Gas D: 0.97
FlP: NA (Gas) UEL: 74% LEL: 12.5%
Flammable Gas
Incompatibilities & Reactivities Strong oxidizers, bromine tri fluoride, chlorine tri
fluoride, lithium
Measurement Methods
NIOSH 6604; OSHA ID209, ID210
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Personal Protection & Sanitation
(See protection)
Skin: Frostbite
Eyes: Frostbite
Wash skin: No recommendation
Remove: When wet (flammable)
Change: No recommendation
Provide: Frostbite wash
First Aid
(See procedures)
Eye: Frostbite
Skin: Frostbite
Breathing: Respiratory support
Respirator Recommendations NIOSH
Up to 350 ppm (APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator
Up to 875 ppm (APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in
a continuous-flow mode
Up to 1200 ppm:
(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-face piece
respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or
back-mounted canister providing protection against
the compound of concern† (APF = 50) Any self-
contained breathing apparatus with a full-face
piece (APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a
full-face piece
Emergency or Planned Entry into Unknown Concentrations or IDLH Conditions
(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full face-piece and
is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode (APF = 10,000)
Any supplied-air respirator that has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-
demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-
contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.
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Escape
(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style,
front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of
concern/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
Important Additional Information About Respirator Selection
Exposure Routes
Inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)
Symptoms
Headache, tachypnea, nausea, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness,
confusion, hallucinations; cyanosis; depressed S-T segment of electrocardiogram,
angina, syncope
Target Organs
Cardiovascular system, lungs, blood, central nervous system
DATA SHEET
METHANE ICSC: 0291 October 2000
Methyl hydride
CAS No: 74-82-8
RTECS No: PA1490000
UN No: 1971
EC No: 601-001-00-4
(cylinder) CH4
Molecular mass: 16.0
Types of
Hazard /
Exposure
Acute Hazards
/ Symptoms
Prevention First Aid / Fire Fighting
FIRE Extremely
flammable.
NO open flames, NO
sparks, and NO
smoking.
Shut off supply; if not possible
and no risk to surroundings,
let the fire burn itself out; in
other cases, extinguish with
water spray, powder, carbon
dioxide.
EXPLOSIO
N
Gas/air
mixtures are
explosive.
Closed system,
ventilation, explosion-
proof electrical
equipment and
lighting. Use non-
sparking hand tools.
In case of fire: keep cylinder
cool by spraying with water.
Combat fire from a sheltered
position.
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Types of
Hazard /
Exposure
Acute Hazards
/ Symptoms
Prevention First Aid / Fire Fighting
EXPOSURE
Inhalation Suffocation.
See Notes.
Ventilation. Breathing
protection if high
concentration.
Fresh air, rest. Artificial
respiration if indicated. Refer
for medical attention.
Skin On contact with
liquid: frostbite.
Cold-insulating
gloves.
On Frostbite: rinse with plenty
of water, do NOT remove
clothes. Refer for medical
attention.
Eyes On contact with
liquid: frostbite.
Safety goggles. First rinse with plenty of water
for several minutes (remove
contact lenses if easily
possible), then take to a
doctor.
Ingestion
SPILLAGE DISPOSAL PACKAGING & LABELLING
Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert!
Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources.
Personal protection: self-contained breathing
apparatus. NEVER direct water jet on liquid.
F+ Symbol
R: 12
S: (2-)9-16-33
UN Hazard Class: 2.1
EMERGENCY RESPONSE SAFE STORAGE
Transport Emergency Card: TEC (R)-20G1F
NFPA Code: H 1; F 4; R 0
Fireproof. Cool. Ventilation along the
floor and ceiling.
IMPORTANT DATA
Physical State; Appearance
Colorless, compressed liquefied gas, with no
odor.
Physical dangers
The gas is lighter than air.
Occupational exposure limits
TLV: Simple asphyxiant (ACGIH 2000).
MAK not established.
Routes of exposure
The substance can be absorbed into
the body by inhalation.
Inhalation risk
On loss of containment this gas can
cause suffocation by lowering the
oxygen content of the air in confined
areas.
Effects of short-term exposure
Rapid evaporation of the liquid may
cause frostbite.
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Physical Properties Environmental Data
Boiling point: -161°C
Melting point: -183°C
Solubility in water, ml/100 ml at 20°C: 3.3
Relative vapour density (air = 1): 0.6
Flash point: Flammable Gas
Auto-ignition temperature: 537°C
Explosive limits, vol% in air: 5-15
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log
Pow: 1.09
Notes: Density of the liquid at boiling point: 0.42 kg/l. High concentrations in the air
cause a deficiency of oxygen with the risk of unconsciousness or death. Check oxygen
content before entering area. Turn leaking cylinder with the leak up to prevent escape
of gas in liquid state. After use for welding, turn valve off; regularly check tubing, etc.,
and test for leaks with soap and water. The measures mentioned in section
PREVENTION are applicable to production, filling of cylinders, and storage of the gas.
Other UN number: 1972 (refrigerated liquid), Hazard class: 2.1. Card has been partly
updated in October 2005. See section Emergency Response.
7.2.5 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards associated with the above-mentioned chemicals are presented in Table 7.2.
Table-7.2: Type of Hazards
Name of the
Chemical
Type of
Hazard
Hazard Rating Remarks
Health Flammability Reactivity
Hydrogen 1, 6, 9 0 4 0 Gas stored under
pressure at ambient
temp.
Carbon
monoxide
1,3,9 2 4 0 Gas stored under
pressure at ambient
temp.
Methane 1 4 0 Gas stored under
pressure at ambient
temp.
Note:
Type of Hazard
1. Flammable substance
2. Oxidizing substance, reacts with reducing agents
3. Emits a toxic gas or vapour
4. Emits an irritating gas or vapour
5. Emits a narcotic gas or vapour
6. Gas or vapour not dangerous other than displacing air
7. Causes skin irritation or burns
8. Toxic substance
9. Explosive material under certain conditions
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Hazard Rating
a. Health
None
Minor
Moderate, could cause temporary incapacitation or injury
Severe, short exposure may cause serious injury
Extreme, short exposure may cause death
b. Flammability
1 None, Material does not burn
2 Minor, material must be preheated to ignite
3 Moderate, moderate heating is required for ignition and volatile vapors
are released
4 Severe, material ignites at normal temperature
5 Extreme, very flammable substance that readily forms explosive
mixtures
c. Reactivity
None, stable when exposed to fire
Minor, unstable at high temp. or press and may react with water
Moderate, unstable but does not explode, may form explosive mixture
with water
Severe, explodes if heated or water added
Extreme, readily explosives under normal condition
From the above table it can be observed that BF, BOF and CO gases are most
`dangerous’ materials since all these are gaseous under ambient condition, all others
are liquid at ambient condition. Further, among BF, BOF and CO gas, are stored
more or less under ambient temperature and pressure. The catastrophic potential of
a hazardous substance depends both on toxicity and volatility. The ambient
temperature vapour pressure of a substance is used as a measure of the ability to
become air borne.
7.2.6 HAZARD ASSESSMENT
In the earlier section, type of hazard associated with different type of chemicals and
the event of release of these chemicals is being identified. It has also been identified
the category of hazard associated with different chemicals.
Hazardous situation arising due to:
Failure in the monitoring of crucial process parameters e.g. pressure,
temperature, flow quantity etc.
Failure in the utilities e.g. cooling water
Failure control elements e.g. pressure, temperature level, flow controllers etc.
Failure of components such as pumps, compressor etc.
Failure of safety systems, safety valves / relief valves, sprinkler systems,
alarm etc.
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Mechanical failure of vessels or pipe work due to excessive stress, over
pressure, corrosion etc.
Wrong operation, failing to adhere to the safety norms etc.
EFFECTS OF THE ABOVE HAZARDS
The effect of accidents in these areas will be confined to the facilities only and can be
controlled within the areas by the operating personnel themselves.
At the extreme it may require the resources of the whole facility to control the effects
but these are not at all expected to spill over to the community.
7.2.7 HAZOP Study
It is suggested to have HAZOP Study for the fuel distribution network handling
facilities prior to commissioning, for last minute corrections in the design of the
systems from fail safe angle. The HAZOP analysis for the fuel handling system will be
carried out and suitable measures will be implemented for safe operations.
Electrical safety: Adequately rated and quick response circuit breakers, aided by
reliable and selective digital or microprocessor based electro-magnetic protective
relays would be incorporated in the electrical system design for the proposed project.
The metering and instruments would be of proper accuracy class and scale
dimensions.
7.2.8 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
In this section, accident consequence analysis to determine the consequence of a
potential major accident on the installation, the neighborhood and the environment
are being discussed by evaluating the consequence of incidence involving hazardous
materials vis-a-vis LPG. Consequence analysis also involves assessment of release
quantity which is again dependent upon chemical, storing condition, type of release,
duration etc. Catastrophic flammable material normally involves the air borne release
of these materials. A potential catastrophic release of flammable material would
involve air borne release and subsequent explosion or fire i.e. a sufficiently large fuel
– air mixture within flammable mix rapidly developed and finds a source of ignition.
Flammable releases cause harms as a result of fire or explosion. Flammable vapour
cloud resulting from rapid, release of LPG is being calculated. Since the cloud center
cannot be predicted, a conservation approach has been followed and it has been
assumed that the cloud drift towards downwind from the point of release when the
danger of ignition occurs. Assuming that the cloud would drift in any direction, the
“Hazard Area” around LPG storage area has been established by drawing a circle of
radius equal to the distance, which may be affected due to heat intensity, if BLEVE
occurs. A `BLEVE’ can occur, if a pressure vessel becomes completely filled with
liquid. The temperature, rises and pressure relief capacity is insufficient to keep the
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internal pressure from exceeding tank strength. One of the hazards of a `BLEVE’ of a
pressurized tank containing liquefied gas is the fireball created by combustion of the
mixture of vapour liquid that is explosively dispersed by the sudden rupture. The
sudden expansion of compressed vapour and the large quantities of vapour suddenly
produced by liquid flashing combine to create a large ball of liquid droplets and
vapour. The heat created by the burning of the dispersed liquid and vapour causes a
powerful thermal updraft. As already explained, sudden release of a liquid stored at a
temperature above its boiling point will result in the instantaneous and adiabatic
vaporization of a fraction of the liquid. It is usually taken as half the tank capacity
while calculating the radiative flux incident, on a target some distance away from the
LPG tank. However, as the storage quantities along with its details have not yet
been finalized, the assessments have been made on the assumption that maximum
instantaneous release of total 50 tons release.
Unconfined vapor cloud explosion is one of the most serious hazards of LPG. A
vapour cloud explosion may cause harm by direct or indirect blast effects. The peak
incident pressure at different distance due to explosion of various quantities of vapour
cloud are being calculated and is presented in Table 7.3. The effect of this over
pressure is presented in Table 7.4.
Table 7.3: Over Pressure generation from vapour cloud explosion
Over Pressure (bar) Distance in meter
0.09 200
0.06 300
0.04 400
0.35 500
0.03 600
0.026 700
0.022 800
Table 7.4: Effect of Different Overpressure
Over Pressure
(Millibar)
Type of Damage
10 – 15 Typical window glass breakage
35 – 75 Windows shattered, Plaster cracked, Minor damage to some
building
70 – 100 Personnel knocked down
75 -125 Panels of sheet metal buckled
125 -200 Failure of walls constructed of concrete blocks or cinder blocks
200 - 300 Oil storage tank ruptured
400 - 600 RCC Structure severely damaged
350 - 1000 Ear drum rupture
2000 - 5000 Lung damage
7000 - 10,000 Lethal
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The heat radiation intensity at different distances for different quantities of releases is
presented in Table 7.5. The effect of thermal radiation on unprotected skin is also
presented below in Table 7.6.
Table-7.5: Heat radiation intensity at different distances for 50 t
Distance in meter Thermal load (Kw/m2)
120 117.3
130.9 92.6
141.8 76.1
152.7 63.9
163.6 54.6
218.1 28.9
327.2 12.0
436.3 6.5
545.4 4.1
1090.7 0.9
1636.1 0.4
2181.4 0.2
Table-7.6: Relation between Heat Radiation Intensity, Time and Effect on Man
Heat Radiation Level (Kw / m2) Duration (Secs) Effect
2.5 65 Blistering Starts
5 25 Do
8 13.5 Do
11 8.5 Do
18 4.5 Do
22 3 Do
10.2 45.2 Lethal (1%)
33.1 10.1 Do
146 1.43 Do
7.2.9 : ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN / DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The on-site emergency plan relates to the laid-down and well-practiced procedure
after taking care of all design based precautionary measures for risk control. This
plan is aimed for tackling any emergency situation, if arises.
Objective of the Plan
The emergency plan has been prepared to ensure the smooth working of the steel
plant complex. The main objectives of the plan are to take immediate actions to meet
any emergency situation making maximum use of combined in-plant and allied
resources for the most effective, speedy and efficient rescue and relief operations.
These are briefly enumerated below:
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1. Cordon and isolate the affected area for smooth rescue operation
2. Rescue and treat casualties and safeguard the rest
3. Minimize damage to persons, property and surroundings
4. Contain and ultimately bring the situation under control
5. Secure and safe rehabilitation of the affected area
6. Provide necessary information to statutory agencies
7. Provide authoritative information to the news media.
8. Ward off unsocial elements and prying onlookers.
9. Counter rumor mongering and panic by relevant accurate information.
Methodology
Keeping in mind the detailed information on the proposed steel plant, the plan is
formed on the following basis:
- identification of possible hazards in various units and their impact on the
surroundings
- Detailed information on the available resources and control measures.
7.2.10 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND FIRE FIGHTING
Some of the working premises of the plant have hazardous and fire-prone
environment. To protect the working personnel and equipment from any damage or
loss and to ensure uninterrupted production, adequate safety and firefighting
measures have been proposed for the project.
7.2.11 SAFETY OF PERSONNEL
All workmen employed in hazardous working conditions will be provided with
adequate personal safety appliance as applicable to the work like;
- Industrial safety boots
- Industrial helmets
- Hand gloves
- Ear muffs
- Welder's screens and aprons
- Gas masks
- Respirators
- Resuscitators
7.2.12 FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES
Keeping in view the nature of fire and vulnerability of the equipment and the
premises, the following fire protection facilities have been proposed for the plant.
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Portable Fire Extinguishers
All plant units, office buildings, stores, laboratories, MCCs etc. will be provided with
adequate number of portable fire extinguishers. The distribution and selection of
extinguishers will be done as per IS:2190.
Hydrant System
Hydrants will be provided at suitable locations and in different levels inside the plant
buildings. Yard hydrants will be provided in the vicinity to meet the additional
requirement of water to extinguish fire. Sprinkler system for MRSS, Oil cellars also
have been provided.
Automatic Fire Detection System
Unattended vulnerable premises like electrical control rooms, cable tunnels, MCC, oil
cellars, etc. will be provided with automatic fire detection and alarm systems.
Manual Call Point Systems
All major units and welfare/administrative building will be provided with manual call
points for summoning the firefighting crew from the fire station for necessary
assistance.
Fire Station
The Fire station will be centrally located with adequate communication facilities and
trained man power. There will be one central fire station with fire tenders to extend
the necessary assistance required for fighting fire in any of the plant units and
associate premises. The following equipment will be provided in fire station/fire posts.
- Water tender
- Foam tender
- Portable pump
- Wireless set
- Hoses
7.2.13 PLANT DISASTER CONTROL
The On-Site Emergency Plan will be made available considering all the different units
of the proposed steel plant complex.
Organization
A Central Disaster Control Cell will be set up under the direct charge of the GM I/c
(safety). He will be the person nominated to declare any major emergency and would
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be in-charge of all operations in such situations. In his absence, GM (Maintenance)
would be the in-charge. He will be supported by the other nominated members of cell,
e.g., General Manager for Plant operations and service, Personnel, Security,
Administration and Medical Officer. In case of any major emergency, the Disaster
Control Cell would operate from Disaster Control Room. At the shop level, Deputy
General Managers, have been nominated as Controllers who will be assisted by
Manager, Shift-in-charges and trained key workers to deal with any minor
emergencies arising at the shop.
Information Flow
The following guidelines will be observed by any person after noticing a gas leak, fire,
etc. till help is made available from Central Disaster Control Cell or Shop level
Disaster Control Cell.
- Raise alarm
- Communicate to the control room about the incident/emergency.
- Communicate to fire station for relief in case telephone is available otherwise try
to attract attention by any available means.
- Attempts to close doors, windows or ventilators of the room to prevent any
contaminated air getting in.
7.2.13.1 CENTRAL DISASTER CONTROL ROOM
Upon receiving information from any site regarding emergency, the person operating
from the Disaster Control room will:
- Depute a person to rush to site and assess the situation.
- Inform fire, transport, safety, medical and concerned control room.
- Organize operating personnel and arrange for control over the situation.
- Keep the management informed about the gravity of the situation from time to
time.
- On receiving the call, the disaster control room would immediately direct the
different supporting service agencies as enumerated below:
- Security and Administration services: responsible for safety of the plant against
trespassers, saboteurs, information to Government authorities and in the
neighborhood provision of transport facilities, telecommunication facilities and fire
service facilities.
- Safety service: responsible for implementation of safety measures at work place
and occupational safety.
- Medical service: responsible for providing medical care to the injured or the
affected in an event of emergency.
- Stores: responsible for providing adequate number of tools, tackles and
accessories for proper emergency control.
- Preservation of evidence and taking of photographs, if necessary, for future
enquiries to determine the cause and taking further preventive actions.
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- Welfare: Provide food, clothes, shelter etc., as per requirements.
- Power and water supply: To ensure supply of firefighting water requirement and
provisions of power supply.
Alerted by news, all key personnel will arrive immediately at the respective reporting
place during emergency.
SHOP LEVEL DISASTER CONTROL CELL
The Controller at the shop level would take immediate charge of any emergency
situation and would assume full responsibility regarding mobilization of resources,
guide and help service agencies in properly carrying out their assigned duties. Being
from the operations side of the plant, he has full knowledge of the process aspects
and he would decide whether to stop the plant/process. He will be responsible for
overall co-ordination. In his absence, his Deputy would be Controller of the
operations. The duties of the Shop level Controller are enumerated below:
- Assess the scale of emergency and decide, if any possibility of major emergency
exists and inform the Central Control Room, if necessary.
- Direct Safe close down of plant or any operation, if necessary.
- Direct evacuation of areas in the vicinity, which may be endangered.
- Ensure key personnel are called in immediately and they start carrying out their
assigned duties.
- Direct rescue and firefighting operations from safe operation point of view.
- Direct the shop personnel to the designated places for safe assembly.
- Control rehabilitation of affected areas and any victim on emergency.
- Ensure complete safety before restarting the plant/ operation.
At Shop floor, teams of workers will be trained, who will be present at the incident site
for doing the needful. They will assist and extend help to the following:
- Fire brigade team in controlling fire.
- Operational staff in shutting down plant to make it safe.
- Search, evacuation, rescue team.
- Movement of vehicles for emergency control.
- Plant pollution monitoring staff for carrying out atmospheric tests.
- Medical team for providing necessary help.
- Any other special operation.
6.2.13.2.1 CONTINGENCY PLAN
It has been based on the following considerations:
- The plant general layout.
- The available resources.
- The analysis of hazards.
And is aimed at the
- Pre-emergency activities.
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- Emergency time activities.
- Post-emergency activities.
In the event of an emergency, the people from affected pockets would be directed to
move to safe assembly places nearby the units.
The following facilities will be provided.
- Security service
- Firefighting service
- Medical service
- Public relation service
- Telecommunication service
- Transport service
- Evacuation service
- Welfare service
An alarm system will be provided with a wailing type siren at a centralized place and
actuators at the strategic locations in the plant. Adequate number of telephones will
be provided in each unit at Shop floor so that a person can either directly raise the
alarm or ring up disaster control room from where the alarm can be raised directly.
The wailing siren will mark the beginning of the emergency while a continuous note
will mark the end meaning all clear signal.
All firefighting equipment like valves, fire hydrants, pumps, monitors, etc., will be
checked periodically to detect defective parts and such parts would be immediately
replaced. Mock drills will be conducted for training the persons and to check the
performance of men and equipment and also to keep them fit for any emergency. The
plant will be equipped with a separate Medical Centre with necessary
instrument/appliances, medicines and trained manpower. The Medical Officer will
maintain close liaison with different hospitals in the nearby city.
RESCUE AND REPAIR SERVICES
The responsibility of effective working of Rescue and Repair Services will be with the
incident controller.
Rescue Services
- To extricate persons from the debris of collapsed building/structure and save
human lives.
- To hand over the extricated persons to first aid parties.
- To take immediate steps as may be necessary for the temporary supports or
demolition of buildings and structures, the collapse of which is likely to endanger
life or obstruct traffic.
- To cut off supplies of water, gas, electricity to damaged buildings.
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Trained Rescue parties shall be formed at Shop levels, who will be provided with the
following equipment:
Self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus
Blower type gas mask
Resuscitators
Petromax lamp / Torches
Axe/hand saw
Bamboo ladder
Necessary Safety appliances
First aid box
Blankets
On-site emergency planning rehearsals need to be carried out from time to time. It
requires monitoring by experienced persons from other similar factories or by senior
officials from the State Inspectorate of Factories and/or the Directorate of Fire
Services, who can help in updating the emergency plan procedure.
OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLANNING
Off-site emergency planning is normally under the jurisdiction of the district
administration. The designated official of the Steel Plant is required to have
co-ordination with the district administration for responsive action in off -site
emergency planning.
FIRE FIGHTING ORGANISATION AND PROCEDURE
There will be trained firefighting personnel and a Fire Officer under the Fire & Safety
Department. The following important instructions will be given for fire prevention and
tackling of any fire in the plant.
Overall control of the Firefighting operations will rest with the senior most officer
present at the scene of fire, who will be assisted by the operational and fire staff.
Close co-ordination and planning for fire protection will be done between Plant
Operations and Fire Service.
While turning out for fire calls, the fire staff will be guided to the correct location
immediately on their arrival.
In-charge of the section at Shop floor will explain special risks involved and
guide the In-charge of the Firefighting crew. He will, however, not interfere in the
method of firefighting operations.
No one would tamper with the sources of water supply/ fire hydrants or misuse
them in any manner. The passages/approach to/from fire hydrants to the fire
appliances would always be kept clear.
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Fire drills would be held in each, zone periodically under the direction of the Fire
Officer.
The organization and brief procedure for fighting small, major and simultaneous fire is
given below:
Degree of fire
emergency
Fire chief Siren code Persons
attending
Small fire
Major fire/Disaster
Simultaneous fire
Functional head in charge
of affected area
Head of the works
department
In-charge of affected area
No siren
Double
Wailings
Single wailing
Fire & safety
Department
On site emergency
plan
Persons already
present at the
scene of fire,
operators
Definitions:
Small fire : A fire in its incipient stage which is controlled by the first
line firefighting team.
Major fire : The fire is spreading to other equipment or areas and
which threatens to go beyond the control of first line
and second line firefighting teams.
Simultaneous fire : More than one fire occurring at the same time.
Fire Control Office : The Fire Control Officer will be in-charge at the scene
of fire. In case of small fire, Section Head/ Functional
Head of affected area will be fire Officer.
In major fire, Head of works will be Fire Control Officer.
In simultaneous fires, in-charges of the respective
affected areas will be Fire Control Officers.
Fire call : Fire call will be received at the fire station regarding
occurrence of fire and its location. The message will be
conveyed either by telephone or fire alarm or in person.
While giving Fire call message on telephone, the
person will
Give his name, Section & Department.
Exact location of Fire and if possible, nature of fire.
Confirm that the Fire call message is repeated by the
Control room attendant.
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When the call message is given by the Fire alarm, the
person would stand rear the Fire alarm to guide the
Firefighting team to the location of the fire.
Fire Siren Code : For small fire : No siren will be sounded.
For major fire : Double Wailing
For all clear : Steady siren for one minute.
Fire Fighting for Small Fire
The small fire will be tackled by the first line team which would comprise of the
persons already present at the scene of fire. However, the second line firefighting
team whose composition is given below will also report at the scene of fire
immediately after receiving the Fire Call of affected area at the time of fire. The team
will consist of the following:
Fire Control Officer
First line Fire Fighting team:
Operation/maintenance staff and/or other plant personnel working in the area
Second line Fire Fighting team:
Fire station shift-in-charge and trained firefighting personnel.
Ambulance driver with ambulance.
Functional head of affected area.
Shift Officer production
Security personnel.
Third line Fire Fighting team:
Fire Officer & Auxiliary Fire Fighting personnel.
All Departmental & Functional Heads.
Local Fire Brigade from Govt., if necessary.
Fire Fighting for Major Fire:
The major fire will be tackled by the first line, second line and the third line firefighting
teams. The fire chief in this case is the Head of works. The fire chief for small fire will
judge the nature of fire and in case of major fire, he will inform Fire Officer (either
himself or through responsible persons) to sound the fire sirens (double wailing type).
The team will consist of the following who will immediately report at the scene of the
fire.
1. Fire Officer
2. First, second and third line Firefighting team.
3. Auxiliary Fire Fighting personal
All the members of the auxiliary firefighting crew will have thorough training on the
job.
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Responsibilities of Fire Control Room Operator:
During fire Call:
To take correct message regarding location, type of fire etc., from the caller.
To repeat the message.
To inform firefighting personnel on duty immediately for turn out by hearing the
bell.
To ask the pump house operator to maintain adequate head in the fire water line.
To inform Telephone Exchange.
To inform first aid centre.
Responsibilities of Fire Fighting Personnel:
To report immediately at the scene of fire.
To take instructions from Fire Officer.
Responsibilities of Fire Officer:
To direct the deployment of Firefighting personnel and firefighting appliances.
To organize additional firefighting crew, if required, depending upon gravity of the
situation.
To guide plant employees in firefighting.
To co-ordinate between different groups of firefighting personnel & team of
trained workers from the department.
To control the spread of fire and rescue operation, if necessary.
To extinguish the fire.
To replenish the required firefighting material/ equipment.
To arrange relievers wherever necessary.
To assess the situation and arrange additional help if necessary, in co-ordination
with Disaster Control room.
To advice for all clear siren to be blown after the major fire emergency is over.
Responsibilities of Ambulance Driver:
To report to the scene of fire with ambulance immediately.
To carry the casualties, if any, to the medical centre as directed by Medical
Officer/Fire Officer at the earliest.
To park the ambulance without obstructing the firefighting operations and traffic.
Responsibilities of Security personnel at the manned gate:
To prevent entry of unauthorized persons.
To keep the gate open for emergency vehicles and officers and staff concerned
with firefighting and allied operations.
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Responsibilities of Telephone Operator:
To receive fire call messages.
To inform Shift Officer for all fires.
Responsibilities of Medical Officer during major fire:
To be available at the first aid centre for necessary medical advice.
To depute one of the medical staffs to the scene of fire to render any medical
assistance required at site.
Responsibilities of Head of the Personnel and Welfare Department during
major fire:
To arrange the transport of the firefighting personnel with minimum loss of time in
consultation with the Fire Control/Fire Officer.
To make arrangements for the refreshment/meals for persons engaged in
firefighting.
To inform the Fire Officer regarding the actions taken.
Responsibilities of Head of the Maintenance Department during major fire:
To report to Fire Chief and render all help that may be required from
Maintenance Department.
Responsibilities of Head of the Electrical Maintenance Department during
major fire:
To report to Fire Officer and render assistance to be required from Electrical
Department such as installation of equipment, provision of temporary lighting
etc.
Responsibilities of Head of the Materials Procurement Department during
major fire:
To arrange to man the stores for emergency issue of materials. If the materials
are not available in the stores or are likely to be exhausted during firefighting
operations, he would arrange for the same from other sources.
CLOUD BURST / LIGHTNING
Cloud burst / lightning may at times lead to minor to major emergency. In such an
emergency, actions indicated under fire and explosion will be undertaken.
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FOOD POISONING
In case of food poisoning in plant canteens, the following will be done:
Disaster Controller will inform Medical Officer for immediate first aid.
Medical Officer will contact other hospitals and seek their help, if necessary.
Security will help in evacuating the affected people to various hospitals, in
co-ordination with the Medical Officer.
MUTUAL-AID SYSTEM
At times the possibility of a major emergency (a situation out of control of plant
authority) cannot be ruled out. In such a case, the plant authority would declare it to
be a major emergency and total control would be transferred to the district level office
of contingency plan committee.
Necessary help would also be sought from Government sources having necessary
infrastructure for dealing with disaster.
7.3 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
7.3.1 Introduction
Social and economic development of a region is closely linked with the growth of
industrialization. Industrialization creates forward and backward linkages, which lead to
multi-dimensional development. AISL integrated steel plant at Koppal district,
Karnataka, is a step towards achieving such a developmental goal. The propose steel
plant will lead to a Bubble Effect in the vicinity of the plant. At the same time, extensive
activities under the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) will lead to a holistic
development of the area. The `steel project' as such, indicates a significant beak in
investment, which is likely to have widespread impact on the socio-economy of the
area surrounding it, through multiplier and linkage effects. Further development of the
area is expected due to the project.
7.3.2 Objectives
The proposed steel project will have a widespread impact on the social and economic
conditions of the people of the region in terms of direct and indirect employment, skill
diversification, infrastructure development, business development etc. On this
backdrop, the present study is directed towards the following objectives:
i) To assess the impact of the project on agricultural situation;
ii) To examine the employment and income effects of the project;
iii) To explore the possibility of local industrialization as an impact of the project;
iv) To assess the impact of the project on health situation
v) To assess the Corporate Social Responsibility of AISL
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vi) To judge peoples' perception regarding the project;
vii) To examine the impact of the project on tourism.
7.3.3 Methodology adopted for the study
The methodology adopted for the study is based on the following:
Review of Secondary Data
Review of secondary data, such as District Census Statistical Handbooks 2011 for
the parameters of demography, occupational structure of people within the general
study area of 10km radius around the proposed plant site. The secondary data
supplemented the primary data collected through direct field survey.
Field Survey
Baseline data on socio-economic parameters were generated using information
available with Govt agencies, census data etc.
Socio-economic survey was carried out covering all the villages / towns of the study
area to record awareness, opinion, apprehensions, quality of life and expectations of
the local people about the proposed plant. The opinion of local people about the
proposed steel plan was obtained through socio-economy survey of the villages /
towns in the study area.
A brief about the sampling design adopted for the field survey is described below.
The survey has been conducted through specially designed questionnaire covering
every aspect of the present study. In addition to the field data, secondary data /
information collected, compiled and published by different Governmental agencies /
departments were also collected and utilized appropriately.
Sampling
For selection of respondents from the study area, Two Stage Random Sampling has
been adopted. In the first stage, villages are selected and in the second stage,
households/ respondents are selected. From each selected village, the respondents
are selected randomly to account intra-village variability among the respondents for
the character under study. As the variability of the characters under in each strata
study does not vary widely among the households, a smaller sample size is expected
to represent the population.
Samples of 75 respondents were drawn from the study area. The sample covers an
estimated 300 persons.
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Composition of the Questionnaire
Households/respondents were interviewed with the structured questionnaire
specifically designed for
this study keeping in view
the objectives of the study.
The questionnaire consists
of following major sections:
a) Demographic profile
of the households
a) Educational status
b) Information on
agricultural
situation
c) Employment (sources of employment)
d) Income (income from various sources)
e) Information on family budget
f) Consumption and saving
g) Respondents' perception about the project
7.3.4 Profile of Koppal District
Socio-economic aspects
The study area covers within a radius of 10 km from the Project site. The 10
km radius study area around the project site comprises of 31 villages. The
socio-economic profile of the study area is presented based on site visits;
discussions with the villagers and the secondary data available.
Human Settlement and Demography
Demographic characteristics of the study area are represented by a number of
criteria, namely population composition, sex ratio, family structure, and age
distribution pattern. Attempt has been made to compare the demographic
features between the census data whenever corresponding data are available.
The area selected for the study constitutes 31 inhabited villages. The village
size as estimated from the number of inhabitants as per the 2011 census
indicated that 2 villages fall within 1-500 population size, 2 village fall in range
of 501-1000 population size, 12 villages fall in range of 1001-2000 population
size while majority of the villages i.e. 14 villages having population in the rage
of 2000-10000 and district headquarter Koppal is having population About
19988. Village Sangapur with population of 422 is the least populated village.
Socio Economic Characteristics of the Area
Community Profile: The population is distributed among 15,126 households in
the study area. The 31 inhabited villages have a population of 79,494
comprising of 40,574 males and 38,920 females. As may be observed from
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the graph below the composition of the society as far as males and their
counterpart’s female are concerned indicates healthy distribution.
The number of females per 1000 males is 959 when compared with the figures of
the Karnataka State 973 and for the nation 933 the study area found to be lesser
than State and greater than national figures indicating an equally composite society
of male and female.
The scheduled caste population of the study area on percentage basis is
21.08 % of the total population and scheduled tribe population is 6.96 %.
Socio-Religious Groups: In the project area, the predominant community is
of Hindus. The community is divided into several castes and sub-castes. They
are engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, weaving and craft-related
activities. Some of them sell vegetables and work as laborer. They share
similar kind of
interdependency, kinship
relation and strong identity
with the all community.
There is communal
harmony in the region.
Literacy: The overall
literacy in the 31 villages of
the study area was 59.73%.
The male literacy in the
study area was 68.37%as
compared with State was
82.47% in this period, and the female literacy was 50.72% while it was 68.08% for
the State. The graphical representation illustrates comparative literacy of the study
area and Karnataka. It may be noted that percentage of literacy of study area was
less than as compared with State in both male and female.
Vocation-wise distribution of the population based on 2011 census data of the
study area is graphically represented below indicate that about 53.11% non-working
population is dependent on 46.89 % working population.
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Profession Percentage
1.
Total Main Workers
* Cultivators
* Agricultural Labour
* House Hold industry
* Other Workers
39.39
(22.54)
(29.26)
(2.97)
(45.24)
2. Marginal Workers 7.50
3. Non-Workers 53.11
As may be seen from these data, the percentage of main workers in the study area
was 39.39%, in 2011. The
percentage of cultivators
was 22.54% in area. On the
other hand, percentage of
agricultural laborers was
29.26% and 45.24% people
were engaged in other
activities. The percentage of
household industries was
lowest 2.97% in the study
area. The marginal workers
in the study area were 7.50%. The non-workers were 53.11% in study area.
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Table-7.7: The village wise demographic data as per 2011 census
S.N. Name of the village
No of
house
holds
Population Schedule
caste
Scheduled
tribe
Literate
Total Male Female Male Female
1 Chilwadgi 397 2204 1119 1085 308 622 706 424
2 Yettinhatti 272 1347 666 681 311 29 471 329
3 Gabbur 219 1230 642 588 234 5 397 244
4 Ginigera 1863 8449 4509 3940 2346 532 3232 2023
5 Lingadahalli 166 862 427 435 104 0 290 221
6 Kanakapur 505 2543 1319 1224 1020 224 981 671
7 Allanagar 257 1212 627 585 174 43 403 300
8 Basapur 389 2095 1085 1010 372 53 643 435
9 Kidadhal 177 1023 518 505 177 170 255 183
10 Koppal (Rural) 3806 18988 9629 9359 3652 648 7311 5918
11 Mangalapur 228 1340 678 662 129 89 429 308
12 Horthatanhal 179 1001 488 513 113 98 339 233
13 Bahaddurbandi 504 2872 1505 1367 209 159 1025 682
14 Huvinhal 159 885 427 458 116 118 257 199
15 Halavarthi 470 2477 1259 1218 445 50 696 432
16 Hireboganhal 471 2411 1271 1140 313 42 846 611
17 Kunikera 577 3471 1781 1690 2010 217 1047 597
18 Hoshall i 352 1996 999 997 258 76 685 452
19 Muddaballi 468 2450 1223 1227 387 188 913 677
20 Hyati 399 2314 1164 1150 304 427 799 615
21 Mell ikeri 82 484 237 247 225 49 143 109
22 Lachankera 574 3282 1675 1607 705 848 1176 755
23 Chikboganhal 266 1488 768 720 272 247 519 316
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S.N. Name of the village
No of
house
holds
Population Schedule
caste
Scheduled
tribe
Literate
Total Male Female Male Female
24 Karkihalli 407 2428 1221 1207 530 108 727 477
25 Tawargera 248 1236 598 638 148 99 422 313
26 Lebgera 349 2005 1001 1004 174 44 695 536
27 Sangapur 55 422 230 192 30 0 122 75
28 Bhimanur 234 1236 621 615 200 1 353 228
29 Halahalli 282 1624 817 807 823 13 564 446
30 Bevinhalli 460 2315 1173 1142 226 178 801 569
31 Hirekhasankandi 311 1804 897 907 444 152 495 364
Total 15126 79494 40574 38920 16759 5529 27742 19742
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S.
n.
Name of the
village
Total main
workers
Cultivator
s Agril lab
Hh
industry
Other
workers
Marginal
worker Non workers
M F M F M F M F M F M F M F
1 Chilwadgi 633 560 230 166 186 354 15 7 202 33 2 2 484 523
2 Yettinhatti 415 386 105 2 68 281 15 2 227 101 4 1 247 294
3 Gabbur 332 252 168 75 132 173 10 3 22 1 3 2 307 334
4 Ginigera 2324 643 282 97 192 269 45 20 1805 257 329 181 1856 3116
5 Lingadahalli 201 30 33 1 128 20 0 0 40 9 7 2 219 403
6 Kanakapur 719 389 101 59 11 17 26 18 581 295 18 16 582 819
7 Allanagar 289 125 50 26 29 14 7 5 203 80 75 86 263 374
8 Basapur 502 268 190 30 93 181 2 0 217 57 23 11 560 731
9 Kidadhal 284 207 71 29 114 152 4 1 95 25 4 1 230 297
10 Koppal (rural) 4852 2019 261 60 247 152 29
0
16
6 4054
164
1 445 302 4332 7038
11 Mangalapur 382 200 70 30 29 118 1 1 282 51 11 2 285 460
12 Horthatanhal 261 255 105 104 80 91 9 8 67 52 10 11 217 247
13 Bahaddurbandi 762 472 151 51 85 288 13 8 513 125 18 88 725 807
14 Huvinhal 250 194 75 1 21 97 0 0 154 96 11 49 166 215
15 Halwarti 666 586 231 37 303 512 0 2 132 35 17 29 576 603
16 Hireboganhal 484 120 185 21 71 59 16 1 212 39 225 433 562 587
17 Kunikera 871 491 450 58 250 359 18 13 153 61 85 271 825 928
18 Hoshall i 270 125 127 43 54 47 1 3 88 32 274 348 455 524
19 Muddaballi 655 323 325 38 215 255 9 4 106 26 90 165 478 739
20 Hyati 623 272 411 24 105 133 0 0 107 115 7 4 534 874
21 Mell ikeri 37 8 27 2 4 3 0 0 6 3 83 114 117 125
22 Lachankera 894 788 123 20 636 725 5 10 130 33 81 117 700 702
23 Chikboganhal 428 328 180 54 62 209 26 18 160 47 4 6 336 386
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S.
n.
Name of the
village
Total main
workers
Cultivator
s Agril lab
Hh
industry
Other
workers
Marginal
worker Non workers
M F M F M F M F M F M F M F
24 Karkihalli 629 588 379 376 152 184 7 1 91 27 76 70 516 549
25 Tawargera 318 333 146 24 116 296 6 0 50 13 38 37 242 268
26 Lebgera 543 488 311 194 52 252 7 1 173 41 9 36 449 480
27 Sangapur 75 10 35 3 1 1 0 0 39 6 63 103 92 79
28 Bhimanur 318 222 71 15 61 150 1 3 185 54 46 94 257 299
29 Halahalli 319 201 157 77 64 64 39 51 59 9 160 215 338 391
30 Bevinhalli 605 312 160 96 38 22 6 2 401 192 61 88 507 742
31 Hirekhasankan
di 112 66 23 11 40 44 4 0 45 11 366 435 419 406
Total 20053 11261 5233 1824 3639 5522 582 348 10599 3567 2645 3319 17876 24340
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Advantages to steel plants
i) Assurance of a reliable source of supply of spares and consumables;
ii) Supply on short-delivery schedules enabling maintenance of lower inventory;
iii) Saving foreign exchange through import substitution;
iv) Lower freight element in comparison to materials supplied by firm located far away;
v) Better service facilities
Advantages to small scale units
i) Availability of ready market;
ii) Availability of raw material source for steel/by-product consuming industries;
iii) Getting price preference over distant suppliers;
Availability of facilities from government;
Availability of infrastructure support from the steel plant
Proper utilization of these mutual advantages is expected to play a catalytic role in the
development of the region where the present project is proposed to be implemented.
The small scale industries that are likely to come in the vicinity of the steel plant can be
grouped into three - spares, metal based and chemical based. These will be
complemented by the service units.
The proposed project is expected to serve as center of significant small-scale industrial
economy around it complemented by the services sector. This is expected to play a major
role in the future economic and social development of this area.
7.3.5 Conclusions
On the basis of the overall results of the present impact assessment the following
conclusions are drawn:
The project is not going to cause significant damage to the existing agricultural
situation. Instead, it is likely to provide the farmers with supplementary income.
The project has very strong positive employment and income effects.
There is a great possibility of industrialization in the vicinity of the proposed steel plants.
This is likely to bring dramatic changes by transforming this backward area into an
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industrially developed one.
The project has good impact on health situation / status of the people
AISL shall contribute towards huge social development in the area through its CSR
providing benefits to a large number of stakeholders.
Overall peoples’ perception on the steel project is a mix of advantages and
disadvantages. On one hand, they expect job opportunities, market etc. as advantages
and on the other hand they are worried about the damage to agriculture.
7.3.6 Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated
into a business model. CSR refers to strategies of corporations or firms to conduct their
business in a way that is ethical, society friendly and beneficial to community in terms of
development. CSR is the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-
making, and the honoring of a triple bottom line: People, Planet, and Profit.
Community Development (CD) refers to initiatives undertaken by community with
partnership with external organizations or corporation to empower individuals and
groups of people by providing these groups with the skills they need to effect change in
their own communities. These skills are often concentrated around making use of local
resources and building political power through the formation of large social groups
working for a common agenda.
The role of CSR in Community Development is any direct and indirect benefits received
by the community as results of social commitment of corporations to the overall
community and social system. The common roles of CSR in Community Development
are as follows:
To share the negative consequences as a result of industrialization.
Closer ties between corporations and community.
Helping to get local talents as an attractive employer for potential candidates.
Community development activities (including that for its employees) are very important
aspects for any organization like AISL. AISL has planned a large number of social
development activities under its CSR in the following areas:
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Women empowerment
Vocational training
Health
Environment
Infrastructure development
Sports
Art, culture and heritage
7.4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION
Socio-economic survey was carried out covering all the villages / towns of the study area
to record awareness, opinion, apprehensions, quality of life and expectations of the local
people about the proposed steel plant. The opinion of local people about the steel plant
was obtained through socio-economy survey of the villages in the study area.
The survey has been conducted through specially designed questionnaire covering
every aspect of the present study. In addition to the field data, secondary data /
information collected, compiled and published by different Governmental agencies /
departments were also collected and utilized appropriately.
For selection of respondents from the study area, Two Stage Random Sampling has
been adopted. In the first stage, villages are selected and in the second stage,
households/ respondents are selected. From each selected village, the respondents are
selected randomly to account intra-village variability among the respondents for the
character under study. As the variability of the characters under in each strata study
does not vary widely among the households, a smaller sample size is expected to
represent the population.
Peoples' perception regarding the project is a very important factor because it is the
people on whom the major part of the impact will fall. To this end, an opinion poll was
conducted as a part of field survey. With a view to cover the people’s perception in the
study area, an effort was made to collect the detailed information on this aspect during
the field survey. People of the area are mostly aware of the activities of the project,
specifically, the developmental ones. They are also quite aware of the it’s likely
advantages and disadvantages.
Conclusions
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On the basis of the overall results of the present impact assessment the following
conclusions are drawn:
Overall peoples’ perception on the project is good. However, few people have opinions,
which are not based on scientific / technical backing. However, based on the extensive
mitigation measures being adopted in the proposed steel project, there will be more
advantages. Proceeding of Public hearing is attached.
7.5 Corporate Environmental Responsibility:
An amount of 45 Cr. (0.25% of project cost) has been earmarked for Corporate Environmental Responsibility based on public hearing issues. The details of CER proposed are as follows:
Sl. No
Enterprise Social Commitment Activities
Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Yr4 Yr5 Total (Rs. In Crs)
1 Health and Sanitation Facility 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 3.75
2 Education Facility 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 3.75
3 Public Infrastructure Development
2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 13.75
4 Afforestation programs 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5
5 Community Welfare/ development Activities
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 15.0
6 Community Soil and Water Conservation
0..75 0..75 0..75 0..75 0..75 3.75
7 Community Capacity Building including skills training
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5
Total 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 45.0
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CHAPTER-8.0: PROJECT BENEFITS
8.0 INTRODUCTION
The growth of the steel industry significantly contributes to economic growth of any
country as it generates employment both directly and indirectly, also due to development
of downstream industries. Peripheral development of that area takes place and due to
more influx of money through the area, overall importance of the area increases and
overall infrastructure improves leads to further development of the area.
8.1 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL
Skilled and Semi-skilled
Skilled and Semi-skilled employment potential in terms of indirect employment of the
area will be non-marginal and will usually remain widespread across a long region. As
the proposed project takes place indirect employment is likely to grow further. The
project is expected to generate substantial indirect employment in other sectors such as
metal-based industries, small rolling units, scrap dealing units, service units etc. Overall
assessment of the employment and income effects indicates that the project has strong
positive direct as well as indirect impact on employment and income generation of the
area.
Un-skilled
Unemployment for un-skilled workers is quite common in the study area. The proposed
project has employment generation potential by way of recruiting local people directly for
different activities of the project, specifically at the construction phase. It is expected that
substantial portion of the investment in this project will trickle down to the local people in
the form of employment and income generation activities.
8.2 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS
Education
The local peoples’ interest towards education will increase due to the expectation of
getting jobs, especially from non-agricultural sources such as the industries in the
area.
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The proposed project is expected to increase such aspirations by bringing
opportunities of some direct & indirect employment for the local people.
The general awareness towards the importance of education is expected to increase
as a result of the proposed project.
The project will have positive impact on the level of education of the people of the
study area.
Industrialization Around the Project
Integrated Steel Plants by nature serve as the nuclei for development of small-scale
industries in the areas around them. These small-scale units usually have input-output
linkages with the steel plants. The demand for spares, assemblies and sub-assemblies by
steel plants are generally met through small-scale units located nearby. The proposed
project is likely to accelerate such industrialization through “Bubble Effects” in the study
area. It is to note that the small-scale units are usually labor-intensive and high-priority
industries from social point of view.
The proposed project is expected to serve as centre of significant small-scale industrial
economy around it complemented by the services sector. This is expected to play a major
role in the future economic and social development of this area.
Demand Pattern
The socio-economic survey indicates that the most people spend major portion of their
disposable income on food items. However, the people are heavily influenced by the
changing demand pattern of fast-growing Indian consumer society.
Consumption Behavior
The proposed project is going to have positive income effect and consequently, the
multiplier effect is expected to lead to an overall increase in average consumption of the
people of the study area.
Revenue to Govt.
The project will contribute huge amount of money to Government in terms of taxes which
will be utilized for various social infrastructure developments.
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CHAPTER-9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP): ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS
9.2 ORGANIZATION POLICY
The Aaress Integrated Steel Limited (AISL) recognizes the importance of Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) and it has been made the thrust area by management.
Therefore, the EIA report has envisaged all those activities, which are having pollution
potential. The necessary steps to control pollution in the proposed plant technically and
administratively and respond to impacts in the peripheral areas have been fully taken
care. It shall adopt a two-pronged strategy to abate pollution, as follows:
Installation of new state of art pollution control equipment at the design stage
itself.
By developing a very strong monitoring/analysis and inspection setup for
compliance.
The above objective has been intended to be achieved through the following:
a. Using automation & Computer control to have improvement on technology and
on working condition,
b. Use of appropriate quality of raw materials
c. Pollution Monitoring and Control,
d. Implementation of occupational health set up including regular medical
monitoring of employees,
e. A well-defined safety management system,
f. Preparation of Emergency/Disaster Management Plan and a properly trained
group to meet the emergency situations,
g. Green belt development inside the plant surrounding boundary wall.
h. Creating awareness in employees and public including student population
towards environmental preservation,
i. R & D activities in regard to specific pollution problems.
Project proponent has given maximum importance for adopting latest technologies for
keeping the pollution to minimum levels. A separate Environment Management
Department will be set up with an Environmental Laboratory with latest monitoring
instruments.
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9.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF MITIGATIVE MEASURES
Mitigative measures for air, water & noise pollution control, solid /hazardous waste
management have been envisaged in the proposed project. Various proposed mitigation
measures are given in chapter-4 (Impact & mitigation measures during operation phase).
Environmental mitigation measures are also a part of equipment and will be
commissioned along with the main equipment. Also, critical emission parameters have
been covered under the performance guarantee clause so that to ensure compliance.
9.4 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
9.4.1 Administrative Set Up
A senior officer, of the rank of Dy. General Manager (DGM) will be the head of the EMD.
In his day to day work he is assisted by two Sr. Managers. DGM (EMD) shall reports to
the Executive Director (ED)/ Director (In charge). The organizational chart of EMD
(proposed setup) is given in Fig. 9.1. A laboratory has also been proposed to carry out
the environmental monitoring and surveillance programme of the plant.
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SR. ENVIRONMENT
SCIENTIST-ENV.LAB
Fig. 9.1: Organization Chart (Proposed) of Environment Management Department
9.4.2 Laboratory Set Up
A well-equipped state of art environmental laboratory will be set up inside the plant
premises. The personnel deployed in the laboratory will be given adequate training to
carry out necessary environmental monitoring as well as analysis of environmental
samples. The requirement of equipment for carrying out environmental monitoring and
frequency of the use of different equipment (as required for the environmental
requirements of proposed plant) are given in Table 9.1.
DGM (EMD)
SR. MANAGER SR.MANAGER/AGM (SE&FS)
MANAGER DY. MANAGER
JR. MANAGER JR. MANAGER
TECHNICIAN
DIRECTOR & CEO
TECHNICIAN
SR.ENVIRONMENT
SCIENTIST-ENV.
LAB
ANALYTICAL
CHEMIST - 4
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Table 9.1: Monitoring / Analytical Equipment / Usage for proposed plant
SN. Monitoring Equipment Parameter /
Function
Frequency Ambient
air
Fugitive
Emission
Stack Gas
Source
Emission Equipment Nos
Required
Air / Stack / Noise Monitoring
1. Respirable Dust
Samplers (RDS)
8 SO2, NOX, O3
NH3, As, Ni &
Benzo-a-pyrine
(BaP) -
sampling
24 hr
continuous;
Once per month
Yes -
2. PM2.5 & PM10 Sampler 4 PM2.5 & PM10
24 hr
continuous;
Once per month
Yes
-
3. Stack Monitoring Kit
(manual)
2 PM, SO2, NOX All stack Once
per month
No Yes
4. On line stack monitoring
along with accessories
for monitoring SO2, NOx,
CO2, CO & PM
All major
stack
Particulate
Matter, SO2,
NOx, CO2 & CO
Continuous No Yes
5. On Line AAQ Monitoring
Station
4 PM10, PM2.5,
SO2, NOX
Continuous Yes No
6. Flue Gas Analyzer 1 O2%
CO%
SO2 mg/m3
NOX mg/m3
NO mg/m3
CXHY PPM
Ambient temp
Once per month
for coke oven
battery stacks
No Yes
7. Sound Level Meter 1 Noise Level As and when
required
- -
8. CO Analyser (NDIR) 1 CO Once per month Yes -
9. Gas Chromatograph 1 Benzene (C6H6) Once per month Yes -
10. High Pressure Liquid
Chromatograph (HPLC)
1 Benzo-a-pyrene
(BaP) –
particulate
phase only
Once per month Yes -
Meteorological Monitoring
11. Automatic Weather
Monitoring Station
1 Meteorological
parameters
Continuous - -
Water Monitoring & Chemical Analysis
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SN. Monitoring Equipment Parameter /
Function
Frequency Ambient
air
Fugitive
Emission
Stack Gas
Source
Emission Equipment Nos
Required
12. Ion Analyzer with auto-
titrate
1 NH3, CN, F Daily - -
13. Hot Air Oven 1 Moisture
content & drying
of samples
glassware
Regularly - -
14. Hot Plate 2 O&G Iron &
various purpose
like boiling &
digestion of
sample
Regularly - -
15. Muffle Furnace 1 Digestion at
higher temp, up
to 1000°C
As and when
required
- -
16. BOD Incubator 2 BOD Twice in a week - -
17. BOD Apparatus, 1 set of 6 BOD Twice in a week - -
18. DO Meter 1 BOD As and when
required
- -
19. Spectrophotometer with
COD Digestion
Assembly
1 COD,
Phenol
NO3 – N
PO4 - P
Daily - -
20. pH meter 2 pH Daily - -
21. Conductivity Meter 1 TDS Daily
22. AAS along with Graphite
furnace, Hydride
Generator and Cold
Vapour Technique
1 Heavy metals in
water & As & Ni
analysis in
ambient air.
As and when
required
- -
23. Digital Micro-Balance 1 Weighing Daily - -
24. Digital Top Load
Balance (Range 1 to
500g)
1 Weighing Daily - -
25. Filtration Apparatus 2 SS / MLSS Daily - -
26. Heating mental 2 Distillation Daily - -
27. Refrigerator 1 Preservation of
chemicals and
samples
Regularly - -
28. Fuming Chamber 1 For exhaust As and when - -
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SN. Monitoring Equipment Parameter /
Function
Frequency Ambient
air
Fugitive
Emission
Stack Gas
Source
Emission Equipment Nos
Required
required
29. Water Bath 1 Evaporation of
sample
As when
required
- -
30. Vacuum pump 1 Hardness
alkalinity etc.
As and when
required
- -
31. Turbidity Meter 1 Turbidity As and when
required
- -
32. Filter Papers,
Glassware, Plastic
wares, Chemicals
In Lot
9.4.3 Functioning
Environmental monitoring programme and its reporting has been designed to provide a
close watch on the surrounding natural environment and provide early warnings of any
adverse changes that may be related to some dimension of the plant’s operations.
EMD will functioning in the plant to look after all environmental aspects, carry out day to
day environmental monitoring / inspection requirements and maintain records. Part of
the environmental monitoring programme is carried out through external agencies on a
part time basis. However, casual laborer etc. is employed for plantation, drain cleaning
etc as and when required.
The EMD carries out complete Air Monitoring, Noise Level Monitoring, Special
monitoring on water and air, effluent, solid waste management etc. Safety management
& Occupational health aspects will be dealt by Safety Engineering & Fire Services /
Factory Medical Officer (FMO). Green belt development aspects will be dealt by
horticulture department. Community welfare & peripheral development aspects will be
dealt by Personnel Department. The officers of EMD shall frequently analyse the data
and periodically assess the progress of the EMP.
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9.5 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT
9.5.1 Institutional Implementation Arrangements
The proposed plant management will be responsible for implementation of all the
mitigation and management measures suggested in Environmental Monitoring
Programme. In addition, higher Management will also monitor the smooth
implementation of Environment Management Plan. The in-charge of EMD (Dy. General
Manager) will report all the environmental matters to higher management as per the
reporting schedule on prescribed formats. The higher management will supervise the
reported activity from time to time for smooth implementation of Environmental Mitigation
and Management measures and will take necessary actions, if required.
For successful implementation of the environmental management plan other agencies of
the State may also be involved, if required (for regulatory requirement or technical
support). The coordinating agencies, which may be involved for specific environmental
related activities, are given in Table 9.2.
Table 9.2: List of Coordinating Agencies, which may be involved for specific
Environmental Activities
State Level Agency SFD KPCB
Chairman
District Level DFO D.E.E.
Project Area: Plantation Programme
Study Area: Air, noise, water quality, waste water
discharge quality monitoring.
Project Area: Stack monitoring, work-zone air, work-
zone noise, effluents from outlet of effluent treatment
plants, fugitive emissions
Project Area: Solid / Hazardous Waste Utilization &
Dumping
Index:
SFD – State Forest Department
KPCB – Karnataka Pollution Control Board
DOH – Department of Health
DFO – District Forest Officer
DEE – District Environmental Engineer
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9.5.2 Co-ordination with Other Departments
The Environment Management Department (EMD) also co-ordinates with other
departments like Occupational Health, Safety Management, Project Engineering,
Horticulture, CSR, Town administration, Water Supply Department etc. and also do the
liaison work with external agencies like State & Central Pollution Control Boards.
9.5.3 Interaction with State Pollution Control Board /CPCB / MoEF&CC
EMD shall be in regular touch with KSPCB and shall send them monthly progress
reports in the prescribed format, as per the prevailing practice. Any new regulations
considered by State/Central Pollution Control Board for the Industry shall be taken care
of by EMD of the plant. Also, half yearly compliance reports will be sent to MoEF&CC as
per the guidelines in the prescribed format.
9.5.4 Training
The EMD, who would be responsible for the implementation of the EMP, needs to be
trained on the effective implementation of the environmental issues. To ensure the
success of the implementation set up proposed, there is a high requirement of training
and skill up-gradation. For the proposed project, training facilities will be developed for
environmental control. For proper implementation of the EMP, the officials responsible
for EMP implementation will be trained accordingly.
To achieve the overall objective of pollution control it is essential not only to provide
latest pollution control and monitoring systems but also to provide trained man power
resources to operate and maintain the same. So far, the practice with many plants is to
utilize the plant operations and maintenance crew for operation of systems. This has
shown adverse results due to lack of specialized knowledge in addition to priority
selection. Therefore, apart from the EMD, specific training will be provided to personnel
handling the operation and maintenance of different pollution control equipment. In-plant
training facilities will be developed for environmental control. Specialized courses at
various Research / Educational institutes will be organized.
The training will be given to employees to cover the following fields:
Awareness of pollution control and environmental protection to all.
Operation and maintenance of specialized pollution control equipment.
Field monitoring, maintenance and calibration of pollution monitoring instruments.
Laboratory testing of pollutants.
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Repair of pollution monitoring instruments.
Occupational health/safety.
Afforestation / plantation and post care of plants.
Knowledge of norms, regulations and procedures.
Risk assessment and Disaster Management.
9.6 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING
The proposed project will be audited by third party after commissioning in phases. This
will help in identifying any non-compliance through structured internal /external audits in
the area of environment and occupational safety & health areas and to take corrective
action.
9.7 WATER AND ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
Rain water harvesting measures will be implemented for the proposed project to reuse
the rain water or to recharge the ground water as part of water conservation measures.
Proper functioning of the systems provided will be ensured by regular monitoring.
Energy conservation measures as per the design plan will be implemented so as to bring
energy saving and also possible CDM benefits.
9.8 OTHER MEASURES
The following activities will be carried out in a structured way for the benefit of the
surrounding people through close co-ordination with Personnel Department:
Improvement of social infrastructure through CSR activities like school buildings,
drinking water facilities, street lights, roads, sanitary facilities etc.
Community education & training.
Medical welfare.
Sports activities.
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CHAPTER-10: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
10.0 INTRODUCTION
In the design phase of the project, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been
carried out to assess the possible impacts of the proposed steel plant of AISL. In the
plant design itself, latest state of art technology has been envisaged so as to achieve the
desired air emissions and noise levels from plant operation. Further, maximum re-use
and re-utilization of generated solid waste and waste water has been envisaged.
Primary and secondary data are used, to assess the environmental impacts of proposed
steel plant. The potential environmental impacts are assessed in a comprehensive
manner. All the potential environmental impacts associated with different phases of the
implementation are assessed and impact predicted.
The EIA report has thoroughly assessed all the potential environmental impacts
associated with the project. The environmental impacts identified by the study are
manageable. The implementation of environmental mitigation measures recommended
in the report will bring down the anticipated impacts to minimum.
Site specific and practically suitable mitigation measures are recommended to mitigate
the impacts. Further, a suitable monitoring plan has been designed to monitor the
effectiveness of envisaged mitigation measures during the operation phase.
The introduction of state of art technology (including the technological mitigation
measures) during the design phase has limited the environmental impacts related with
the proposed project. The implementation and monitoring of effectiveness of the
environmental mitigation measures during the operation phase will be assigned to the
Environmental Management Department (EMD). An EMD, comprising of senior
management level officers will periodically assess and monitor the implementation of
mitigation measures, and will tackle the management bottle necks of implementation of
mitigation measures and environmental monitoring programme.
The project is categorized as Category “A” project as per Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Notification: SO 1533, of 14-09-2006, which necessitates obtaining
the Environmental Clearance from MOEF&CC Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC).
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10.1 Need for the Project
In view of growing demand for steel products such as special alloy steel and HRC and
CR products in the country, AISL propose to install the integrated steel plant at Village
Halavarthi, District Koppal in Karnataka.
11. Plant Capacity, Cost and Implementation Schedule
AISL intends to establish the Iron and steel manufacturing capacity of 3.5 Mtpa along
with 295 MW power from waste gases and fuels available and produce a wide variety of
steel products to meet the requirements of the customers. The facilities will be built
within the company acquired land. With this, AISL will be in a stronger position to supply
a wide variety of steel products to the consumers in South and Central India. The
product mix that will be offered by AISL will include flat products, long products, wire
rods, re bars, besides the semis like billets and blooms.
It is envisaged to complete the installation and commissioning of the plant equipment for
start-up and production in 30 months for Phase-1 facilities. It is also envisaged to
complete the installation and commissioning of the plant equipment for start-up and
production in 36 months for Phase-2 facilities. The additional time is envisaged on
account of larger % of imported components at phase-2 and relative difficulty in
construction due to presence of an operating plant at the site. The time schedule is from
ZERO date which in this case is the date of placement of order for the major plant
equipment.
Capital cost envisaged for installation of the steel Plant has been computed as follows:
Phase-1: Rs. 5,325 Crores.
Phase-2: Rs. 12,654 Crores
Total Rs. 17,979 Crores.
10.3 Project Site and its Environs
The GPS coordinate as observed for the plant centre is given below: Longitude: 760 13’
58’’ E Latitude: 150 20’ 52’’ N, near Koppal district in the state of Karnataka. The site is at
a distance of 5 km WNW from Koppal, 30 km from Hospet and about 320 km from
Bangaluru by road. Nearest railway station to the steel plant is Ginigera about 3.5 km.
Broad gauge railway lines between Guntakal and Hubli are passing through this station.
The western port of Goa is 320 km.
The proposed plant site has the following advantages associated with it:
Road linkage: The site is very close to the National highway NH-63 connections
to the other main towns & cities of the country.
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Power: The propose plant shall have its own CPP of 295 MW, however the plant
shall be connected to Karnataka State Electricity Board for its power supply.
Water: The Company shall drawl the water from Tungbhadra reservoir for its
need during the production.
The nearest national airport is Bengaluru at about 300 km from plant.
10.4 Site Selection
The proposed plant site is selected based on the economy of scale and availability of
all utility at unit which could be shared.
10.5 Salient Features of the Project
The salient key success factors of the proposed project are:
a) AISL has good access to iron pellets from nearby group industry MSPL.
b) All major raw materials are available in the state itself, within 150 km of the plant.
c) The plant is well connected by road to market.
d) There shall be requirement of trained man power, which is available nearby.
e) The national Steel policy supports for setting up of new steel manufacturing unit in
the region.
10.6 Land
AISL shall be located in the land allocated by Karnataka Government near group
company MSPL pellet Plant. The 900acres of land is in possession of AISL and rest
are under advanced stage of processing.
10.7 Water
Source of water
The source of water for the plant unit will be from Tungbhadra Reservoir site. The total
requirement of fresh water from Tungbhadra water source to meet equipment cooling
and drinking needs is estimated to be 4170m3/h.
10.8 Environmental Impact Assessment Study
10.8.1 Baseline Status
As part of Environmental Impact Assessment study, baseline environmental monitoring
was carried out for summer – 2016 season, covering the months of March 1, 2016 to
May 29, 2016.
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Meteorology
It has observed that about 6.9 % of total time, the wind was calm i.e. the speed was less
than 1 km/h. The predominant wind directions were from E (12.1%), from SW (10.7%).
Average wind speed was 5.9 km/h during monitoring period and most of the time wind
speed was between 1 to 10 km/hr.
Air Environment
Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed through a network of 9 ambient
air quality locations in study area.
Overall Ambient Air Quality of the plant area and its buffer zone is good and there are no
any abnormal values recorded. Concentrations of all monitored parameters are within
stipulated standards from MoEF&CC AAQ Standards. Some higher values of particulate
matters are result of heavy traffic movement over highways.NAAQ standards prescribed
for Residential, Rural & Other Areas.
Noise Environment
It has found that in the proposed plant buffer zone, noise levels are in the range of 38.0
– 55.5 dB(A) at all eight stations. Maximum levels of noise have recorded in day hours
which are natural as our most of activities have done in day hours.
Water Environment
The makeup water requirement for AISL complex shall be 4170m3/h. The water
requirement of project shall be sourced from Tungbhadra Reservoir.
Soil Environment
Five no of soil samples were collected to assess the soil quality in the 10 km study area
of plant site and it revealed soil of medium fertile quality.
Biological Environment
A study was undertaken to list out Flora & Fauna in the study area. From the study it
was observed that there are no endangered, endemic or threatened species in the
study area.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
The proposed integrated steel plant may influence the environment in two distinct
phases namely:
During construction phase which is temporary and of short term
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During operation phase which may have long term effects
Construction Phase
The impacts during construction phase are for the short term. Hence the construction
impacts are expected to be minimal and very short terms.
Operation Phase
Air Environment
To prevent major impact on air environment AISL will install all the required pollution
control equipment with adequate capacity to meet the norms stipulated by the KSPCB
and CPCB.
Fixed and mobile water sprinkling systems shall be deployed and will be strengthened
during operation phase in internal roads for control of fugitive dust. AISL shall adhere to
the guidelines issued by CPCB.
Noise Pollution Control Measures
The major noise generating equipment will be provided with acoustic enclosures and
would be located in a closed building which considerably reduces the noise outside.
The proposed greenbelt development plan will further reduce the noise levels. With
encasement of the noise generating sources and greenbelt, AISL will comply with
ambient noise standards. All operations and maintenance personnel working near noise
prone areas would be provided with earmuffs & earplugs.
Water Environment and Control Measures
Water Consumption
The water requirement of the project is estimated to be 4170m3/h. This requirement will
be met from surface water sources.
Wastewater Generation
There will be small quantity of waste water generation from plant operation, however it
will be treated and recycled back in operations. There will not be any waste water
discharge outside the plant boundary. The only fresh makeup water shall be added to
makeup water system to compensate the water lost during evaporation.
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Domestic Wastewater Treatment & Disposal
Wastewater arising from sanitary and drinking water use will be treated in septic tank
and soak pit.
Land Environment and Control Measures
The project shall be located within the 1917.69 acres of land. Therefore, the overall
impact on land environment will be insignificant.
Solid Waste Generation
Major solid wastes will include ESP dust, BF and SMS slag, coal tar and ash from power
plant operation and the same is utilized as per the plan indicated in chapter-4.
Social Welfare Measures
Socio Economic Status in the study area is found to be moderate with respect to
livelihood, amenities etc. The management of AISL shall provide employment to 3811.
persons.
Drinking water supply is available in all the villages in the study area. In most of the
villages, water supply is through well water, Hand pumps have also been provided
wherever provision for tap water or well water is not available.
Tar roads connect the villages in the study area. The plant site is connected to the NH-
63 on Hospet-Koppal road. Locals in this area use bicycles, two-wheelers and auto
rickshaws for internal transportation. The site is accessible by road from the National
Highway.
Nearest airport is Bengaluru airport, the closest operating airport to the site.
Occupational Health Centre
AISL shall have Occupational Health Centre, which shall be manned round the clock by
a shift male nurse, house keeper and ambulance driver.
Occupational Health centre shall be provided with consultation room for the doctor, one
reception cum waiting area, one treatment room with two beds.
Statutory Health Check Up shall be conducted annually for employees and contract
workers working in core areas.
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Budget for implementation of Environmental Management Plan:
AISL will incur an amount of Rs 809 Cr for implementation of Environmental
Management Plan along with CSR activities.
Post Project Monitoring Plan
Environmental monitoring will be taken up to as per KSPCB/CPCB guidelines.
Conclusion
AISL shall comply with all the standards stipulated by various statutory bodies for
maintaining environmental quality within the norms.
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CHAPTER-11: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
PECS established and NABET accredited Environmental Consultant and Engineers based in
Nagpur and working since last 27 years. We are having tie up with well-equipped laboratory for
field studies as well as for testing and monitoring of Air, Water, Noise, Soil and other related
activities of Environment of Mines and Industries.
PECS is having a qualified and experience staff comprising of trained professionals in their
respective fields. PECS is backed by the services of retired scientists form National
Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) and retired Engineers of Thermal Power
Stations and Coal India Ltd. A team of experience Geologists is with us for various surveys.
PECS is also having a computers and software facility for modeling purposes.
PECS is specialized in Environmental Services as mentioned below:-
o Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
o Environmental Risk Analysis and Assessment.
o Monitoring of Air, Water, Noise and Soil.
o Preparation of Documents for Clearance of Forest Land.
o Environmental Management Plan.
o Environment Audit Statement.
o Disaster Management Plan.
o Study and Treatment of Industrial Effluents.
o Design, Engineering and Commissioning of Effluent Treatment Plant,
Sewage Treatment Plant and Water Treatment Plant.
o Designing, Engineering and Commissioning of Air Pollution Control
Devices.
o Dust Suppression.
o Dealing with Solid Waste Management.
o Planning on Waste Recycle, Reuse and Control
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o Follow up with Explosive Department and IBM, HQ, Nagpur.
o Preparation of “ON SITE” and “OFF SITE” emergency plans and health
survey.
o Geo Hydrological, Ground and Surface Water Survey and Transit Survey.
o Rain water harvesting including design and execution.
o Clearing of Project form Ministry of Environment and Forest, New Delhi
(MOEF),) and State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)/SEIAA.
PECS has completed more than 50 projects in EIA sector successfully since its
incorporation.
PECS has been accredited by NABET/QCI vide letter no. QCI/NABET/EIA/1720
/RA0101 dated September 07, 2018.