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WELCOME
NAMASTE!Proposal seminar
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Research Topic:
PERFORMANCE OF TOMATO CULTIVARS AS
INFLUENCED BY NUMBER OF SIDE DRESSES IN
RAINY-WINTER SEASON UNDER PLASTIC ROOFING
CONDITION IN FAR- WESTERN TERAI
Principle investigator:
Krishna Pd. Tiwari
R 2010-HRT- 02 M
Page 2
Major Advisor: M. D. Sharma, Ph. D.Minor Advisor: A. K. Shrivastav, Ph. D.
: K. R. Joshi
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Introduction
Background of information:
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum): one of major commercial vegetable crops, widely grown (plains and hills).
Area under tomato in Nepal: 19724ha, Production: 317657 MT,productivity: 16.10 MT/ha (CBS, 2010)
In the plains, tomato can be produced successfully as winter tospring season crop and as off-season in two growingseasons, spring (slightly later) and rainy to autumn (slightly earlier).
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Background of information:
Tomato production inside plastic house during rainy season is
a new and modest technology to many of the farmers inNepal (Pandey et al., 2006).
Adoption : greatly increased employment opportunities
Production during rainy season in open field condition is still very difficult job (Pandey et al., 2006)
Production in summer and rainy season has extremely beenlimited by high temp0C and adverse moisture condition(flooding).
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Background of information:
Needs protection from intense rainfall through plastic roofingand an undercover by cotton net.
Some of the progressive farmers in Banke, Khajura area have
been involved in autumn season tomato production sincepast 10 years or more.
Farmers are producing early tomato that fetches high pricesduring Deepawali festival at October at first harvest inKailali district.
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Statement of the Problem
Tomato possesses relatively:
- Higher return
- Year round demand
- Peak demand in especially in the autumn season
In fact, it is due to the co-effect of:
-decreased supply and increased consumption
Though the technology is highly successful, seed availability and varietal option has became major constraints.
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Statement of the Problem
Production in summer and rainy season is extremely limitedby temperature and moisture in early summer andtemperature along with moisture in rainy summer (Kuo etal., 1979).
At this time, bacterial wilt and high temperature affect theplant drastically cutting down the yield (Villareal, 1979).
High temperature induces floral drop, low fruit set, poor
growth and development of fruit causing poor quality andproduction.
Reduced fruit set due to high ambient temperature are alsoone of the important problems directly related to yield
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Statement of the Problem
Maximum day (>320
C) and minimum night (<210
C)temperatures are known to limit fruit set due to an impairedphysiological process in flower and fruit setting and orabscission (Bhattarai and Subedi 1996).
Heat, blight and bacterial wilt susceptible varieties cannot becultivated during rainy season.
The general ambient temperatures during summer in westernTerai exceed this range and during monsoon thetemperature fluctuates much more.
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Justification of the study
Rainy season tomato is a major source of income to thegrowers in the very limited areas in plains.
A large quantity of this vegetable is imported from India(Prasad, 2000).
There is a high potential of growing tomato in off season tomeet the domestic demand all over Nepal.
Which could be produced with the introduction of heat and
rain tolerant hybrids or OP varieties[rainy seasonproduction (Pandey, 2004)].
Plastic house technology was found highly successful.
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Justification of the study
Production inside the plastic house during rainy season inhilly areas has become very popular and profitable wherethere is market access (Pandey et al., 2006)
Such areas are far from the cities of Terai region in the senseof geographical hindrances and lack of transportation.
Lack of season specific fertilizer management information to
have good fruit yield in Terai condition is utmost need toexpand rainy- autumn season tomato production.
To provide alternative option of varietal trials and fertilizer
management trails in farmer field should be performed.
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Goal:
Poverty reduction through increased income of offseasontomato farmers.
Purpose:
Introduction of innovative technology for tomatoproduction in rainy-winter season securing food andnutrition.
General objective: E valuation of tomato cultivar inresponse to fertilizer management for increased yieldand quality of rainy-winter season tomato in terai
condition.
Goal, purpose and objectives
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Specific objectives:
Appraising yield and yield attributing characteristics of heattolerant and bacterial wilt resistant tomato cultivars.
Assessing optimum no. of side dresses (NPK mix fertilizer)for rainy-winter season tomato.
To find suitable cultivar and no. of side dresses (NPK mixfertilizer) for improved yields in rainy season condition inTerai
Introduce and encourage offseason tomato cultivation inTerai region.
Goal, purpose and objectives
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Null hypothesis (H0):
The performance of tomato cultivars will be same incombination with varying number of side dressing under
plastic roofing in rainy-autumn season.
Alternative hypothesis (H1):
The performance of tomato cultivars will be different incombination with varying number of side dressing underplastic roofing in rainy-autumn season.
Hypotheses
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Scope of off season tomato production
Performance of heat tolerant (hot set) varieties
Fertilizer management (no. of side dressing) affecting flower,fruit growth and development
Role of mix fertilizer applying frequently at cropping season
Weather extremity affecting fruit yield and quality (role of Tand RH for fruit set)
Literature Review
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Location (map showing research site)
Materials and Methods
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Research field (28º29' 40'' north latitude and 81º 02’ 58’’)
Vijayanagar, Tikapur MCP, Kailali Nepal.
Map showing research site
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Time of study: May to September
Agro-meteorological features of the Study: Maximumand minimum temp0C, RH will be taken from Tikapurairport station and Temp during observation period will alsobe taken from research field.
Experimental materials:
Tomato cultivars (1 op and 2 F1 hybrids) will be procured fromNepalese Market.
Fertilizers (Urea, DAP and MoP); B and Ca and others will beapplied as recommended (SSMP, 2007).
Plastic roofing structure: bamboo poles, plastic, covering net
Materials and Methods
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Experimental design: factorial RCBD- 2 factor
Factor 1: Three levels of Varieties:Factor 2: No. of Side dressing: 4 levels (1, 2, 3, and 4
times)
Total no. of treatments: 12 Replication: 3 times
Treatment Details:
T1: NCL 1131 + 1 SD T7: Dalila + 3 SD
T2: NCL 1131 + 2 SD T8: Dalila + 4 SD
T3: NCL 1131 + 3 SD T9: Surya 111 + 1 SD
T4: NCL 1131 + 4 SD T10: Surya 111 + 2 SD
T5: Dalila + 1 SD T11: Surya 111 + 3 SD
T6: Dalila + 2 SD T12: Surya 111 + 4 SD
Experimental design treatment details:
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Layout of experimental area:
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Structure of plastic house:
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Procurement of input and construction of plastic house
Bamboo logs of essential number will be procured locally.
Seed will be procured from agrovets in kathmandu
and fertilizer and PPM, hormones will be procured fromlocal market.
Plastic sheet of 200 micron thickness for roofing area willbe used as glazing material.
Cotton net will be procured from local market and usedunder the glazing material for temperature reduction.
Other materials needed: cartoon tape, rope, metal pin,etc. will be procured in local market.
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Agronomic practices
PPM and essential micro and macro nutrients will be
applied following the recommendation for rainy seasontomato cultivation under plastic house.
Seed sowing: separate nurseries for different varieties will
be made. Seed spacing: 10cm * continuous sowing Transplanting: seedlings of 3 wks age (4 true leaf stage)
will be transplanted over the pits of 50 cm depth* 25 cm d.)Spacing: 50 cm * 45 cm
Fertilizer doses and application method: Basalapplication of 5:10:5 gm of Urea, DAP and MoP per plant(SSMP, 2007). Side dressing of 5:10:5 gm of Urea, DAP and
MoP per plant (SSMP, 2007) by ring method of application.
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Agronomic practices
Irrigation: frequency and amount will depend on moisture
status of soil. Watering will be done using rose can- nursery stage
Buckets and jugs - transplanting stage
Between furrows by garden pipe – later stages
Training and Pruning: only two canes will be retained andall other side shoots, suckers will be removed, trellis systemof training will be done erecting a pole in every 4 plant and
3 cross wire will be tied to support plants in between.
Harvesting: performed on yellow color or breaking stage with the help of rust proof still scissors.
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Observations
1. Vegetative growth parameters:
Plant height: by measuring tape at every 10 days interval after 10DAT
Stem diameter: 3rd to 4th inter node stem girth by measuringtape (c = πd2/4)
Leaf area index (LAI): leaves will be outlined in graphalong with the use of LA meter as well for accuracy. (LA/GA)
Height of first truss
Number of leaves between two consecutive trusses:
Growth habit: (indeterminate, determinate, semi-det.)
2. Floral parameters:
Earliness: Days to first, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% truss initiation.
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Observations
3. Yield parameters:
Fruit characters: (10 fruits per lot for observation) Average fruit weight (gm)
Fruit shape: 1-3 scales (1 ═ Round, 2 ═ Ovoid, 3 ═ Pearshaped)
Fruit length (cm) Fruit diameter (cm)
Fruit length/diameter ratio (L/D)
Number of Locules per fruit
Truss characters:
Number of flowers per truss
Number of fruits per truss
Average length of truss
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Observations 3. Yield parameters:
Fruit set percentage: Earliness: days to first harvest
Fruiting period: period from first harvest to final harvest
Production and Productivity: fruit no./plant*frt. Wt*totalplant population per hactere
Taste preference: organoleptic test for different purposes(Chutney, curry, air-dried chips)
B: C ratio: = Gross benefit / Gross cost
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Statistical Analysis
Recorded data will be compiled using Ms Excel. Mean comparison
will be performed with the help of DMRT/MSTATC. The results will be interpreted with supporting Tables and figures.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) Table
Source of
variance Degree of freedom Sum of
squares Mean
squares Computed F
Tabul
ar F 5%
Replication r-1=2 Treatment ab-1=11
Variety (A) a-1=2 Fertilizer (B) b-1=3
A x B (a-1)
(b-1)=6 Error (r-1)
(ab-1)=22 Total rab-1=35
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Primary beneficiaries:
Semi-commercial and commercial tomato growers in theentire Terai and inner Terai region (Hot and humidtropics)
Secondary beneficiaries:
Researchers, academicians, extension agents anddevelopment workers
Upstream beneficiaries:
People involved in marketing of tomato (collectors,retailers, wholesaler, distributors, and consumers).
Beneficiaries
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Weather as well as lab conditions during the study period remain conductive.
Good coordination with farmers for all the activities
Availability of plant protection measures (agro-chemicals, hormones).
Risk and assumptions
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Budget summery
S.N. Activity/ Items Unit Number Rate Total (Npr.) 1 Plastic House Construction Plastic
house 3 10590 31770 2 Tools and Implements Set 1 3430 3430 3 Other Essentials 1 7560 7560 3 Other Essentials 1 7560 7560 4 Travel cost (Tickets/ fuel/
Hire) Lump sum 1 6000 6000 5 Publication (Report, Drafts,
Thesis) Lump sum 1 12500 12500 6 Advisory Visit
(Monitoring) Lump sum 1 5000 5000 7 Total 66260 8 Over head
@ 10% of Total6626
Grand Total (NRS.) 72886
W k l
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Work planAct
ivit
y Description July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Fe
b Aug Nov Seed sowing and nurseryestablishment. Procurement equipments, materials
for plastic house construction and
agrochemicals. Transplanting of seedlings
Observation for vegetative,
reproductive, maturity, and yield
attributing parameters. Fruit harvesting and yield
observation Observation of physical parameters
of fruit
Organoleptic taste observation.
Tabulation and Analysis of data. Preparation and Submission of thesisreport.
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Suggestions please !!!