Proposal Seminar Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils...
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![Page 1: Proposal Seminar Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils M. M. Fisher Dissertation Proposal November 5, 2004.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649c755503460f94929098/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Proposal Seminar
Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils
M. M. Fisher
Dissertation Proposal
November 5, 2004
![Page 2: Proposal Seminar Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils M. M. Fisher Dissertation Proposal November 5, 2004.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649c755503460f94929098/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Proposal Seminar
Source of Impairment to US Waters
02468
10121416
PATHOGENS
METALS
NUTRIENTS
SILTATIO
NDO
FISH pH
HABITAT
THERMAL
BIOLO
GICAL
FLOW
ALT
ERATION
PESTICID
ES
TURBIDIT
Y
SUSPENDED SOLI
DS
SALINIT
Y
UNKNOWN
% o
f A
ll Im
pai
rmen
ts
Source: 1998 USEPA 303d List of Impaired Waters
Background
40% of US Surface Waters Impaired
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Proposal Seminar
•35% of large lakes do not meet designated use due to excess nutrients
Florida: Nutrient Impairment
Source: Integrated Water Quality Assessment for Florida: 2004 305(b) Report and 303(d) List Update.
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Proposal Seminar
Eutrophication leads to:1. undesirable changes in flora and fauna; algal
blooms, fisheries impacts.2. for wetlands: changes in primary producers to
higher nutrient status plants such as cattails; loss of diversity.
Restoration of aquatic ecosytems req’d. by 1972 Clean Water Act to fishable & swimmable condition.
Nutrients, Legislation, and Restoration
![Page 5: Proposal Seminar Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils M. M. Fisher Dissertation Proposal November 5, 2004.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649c755503460f94929098/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Proposal Seminar
• Meet FDEP surface water criteria (TSI)• Reference lake/wetland approach• Historical anecdotal information:
• status of the fishery• extent of submerged aquatic vegetation• water clarity
• Investigate the soil/sedimentary record (paleolimnolgy)
Establishing Restoration Targets
![Page 6: Proposal Seminar Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils M. M. Fisher Dissertation Proposal November 5, 2004.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649c755503460f94929098/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Proposal Seminar
Source: Engstrom and Brezonik. 1998. Modern and historic accumulation rates of phosphorus in Lake Okeechobee sediments. J. Paleolimn. 20:31-46.
Lake Okeechobee, Florida
Sediment TP, mg/kg
Sed
imen
t D
ep
th,
cm
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Proposal Seminar
Source: Rydin, E. 2000. Potentially mobile P in Lake Erken sediments. Water Res. 34:2037-2042.
Lake Erken, Sweden
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Proposal Seminar
Dep
th (
or ti
me)
Concentration
soilwater
Typical sediment nutrient profile
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Proposal Seminar
Peat Soil Phosphorus: Predominately Organic
Blue Cypress Marsh
400
600
800
TP
o (m
g kg
-1)
400 600 800 1000TP (mg kg-1)
NE
NW
SW
TPo = 0.89*TP -491,000
![Page 10: Proposal Seminar Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils M. M. Fisher Dissertation Proposal November 5, 2004.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649c755503460f94929098/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Proposal Seminar
H1: Changes in soil phosphorus fractions, with respect to depth (time) are principally due to biogeochemical changes in soil organic matter (SOM).
Ho: Changes in phosphorus fractions, with respect to depth (time) are principally due to other factors such as changes in phosphorus loading rates.
Hypothesis
![Page 11: Proposal Seminar Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils M. M. Fisher Dissertation Proposal November 5, 2004.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649c755503460f94929098/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Proposal Seminar
Determine the distribution of soil organic P (SOP) fractions, as a function of depth, or time.
Characterize SOM fractions, as a function of depth, or time.
Coupling of biogeochemical transformations of SOP and SOM pools to stability and long-term burial
Objectives
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Proposal Seminar
Study LocationsBlue Cypress Marsh
Conservation Area (BCMCA)
Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA2A)
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Proposal Seminar
Study Location: Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area
Size = 120 km2
Histosols, 1 - > 5 m
Sawgrass, maidencane, slough
Soft water, pH 6.5
Impacted Pristine
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Proposal Seminar
Study Location: Water Conservation Area 2A
Size = 447 km2
Histosols, 1 - 2 m
Sawgrass, slough, tree islands
Calcareous
Impacted Pristine
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Proposal Seminar
Experimental MethodsSoil O-P Fractionation
Experiment I Phosphorus Fractionation
Experiment II Autoclave Extraction (0.5 g, 90 min, 128C)
Experiment III Potentially Mineralizable organic P
(0.5 g, anaerobic, 10d, 40C)
Experiment IV Thermal Extraction
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Proposal Seminar
Preliminary Results: Organic PhosphorusCharacterization
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Proposal Seminar
0 400 800-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
BCMCA (B4)
WCA2A (E5)
Depth Distribution of Total Phosphorus
TP, mg/kg
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Proposal Seminar
BCMCA
9%
9%
29%
17%
36%
Bicarb-Pi
HCl-Pi
FAP
HAP
Res. P
TP = 327 mg/kg
WCA2A
23%
28%21%
25%
3%
TP = 197 mg/kg
Experiment I: Organic P Fractionation
(0-50 cm, unimpacted sites)
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Proposal Seminar
0 40 80
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
BCMCAWCA2A
HEP, % of TP
0 40 80
De
pth
, cm
Impacted Unimpacted
Autoclave extraction[HEP = Hot water extractable P]
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Proposal Seminar
0
20
40
60
80
100
160
200
260
300
360
550
0-10 cm
160
200
260
300
360
550
Temperature, C
40-50 cm
160
200
260
300
360
550
90-100 cm)
% o
f TP
Thermal P ExtractionBCMCA
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Proposal Seminar
C:N
Dep
th,
cm
0 10 20 30 40
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
BCMCA
WCA2A
Everglades & Blue Cypress MarshCarbon : Nitrogen Ratio
![Page 22: Proposal Seminar Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils M. M. Fisher Dissertation Proposal November 5, 2004.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649c755503460f94929098/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Proposal Seminar
C:P
De
pth
, cm
Everglades & Blue Cypress MarshCarbon : Phosphorus Ratio
0 4000 8000
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
WCA2A
BCMCA
![Page 23: Proposal Seminar Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils M. M. Fisher Dissertation Proposal November 5, 2004.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649c755503460f94929098/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Proposal Seminar
Preliminary Conclusions
BCMCA historically higher nutrient status marsh.
Thermal techniques indicate increasing O-P stability.
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Proposal Seminar
Experimental MethodsCharacterize SOM (BCMCA)
Experiment I OM fluorescence
Experiment II E4:E6
Experiment III Isotope analysis: 13C , 15N, 14C (ecosystem history, transformation rates)
Experiment IV 13C-NMR (broad classes of SOM)
Experiment V Lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose
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Proposal Seminar
Preliminary Results:OM Characterization
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Proposal Seminar
HIX0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
Plant tissue
Detritus
Dep
th, c
m
Experiment I: Humification Index
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Proposal Seminar
E4:E6
0 2 4 6 8 10 14
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
B4
C1
+humic
+MW
+fulvic
Experiment II: E4 E6 Ratio
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Proposal Seminar
Preliminary Conclusions
Increased humic characteristics of SOM extracts with respect to depth.
Slight increase in apparent molecular weight of SOM extracts with respect to depth.
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Proposal Seminar
Model: SOP Diagenesis
Dep
th
SOP
RecalcitranceHumic character
Time
![Page 30: Proposal Seminar Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils M. M. Fisher Dissertation Proposal November 5, 2004.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649c755503460f94929098/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Proposal Seminar
“In paleolimnology...diagenesis is at best an annoyance and at worst a nightmare, weakening
nearly every generalization that investigators may wish to make”
(Binford, Deevey, and Crisman, 1983, Paleolimnology: an historical perspective on
lacustrine ecosystems)
![Page 31: Proposal Seminar Biogeochemical Controls Regulating Long-term Burial of Phosphorus in Wetland Soils M. M. Fisher Dissertation Proposal November 5, 2004.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649c755503460f94929098/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Proposal Seminar
Wet soil
1M HCL3 hrs
0.5M NaOH 16 hrs
Separate into fulvic and humic fractions
Wet soil residue
0.5M NaHCO3
16 hrs
Sequential O-P Fractionation
Ivanoff, D.B., K.R. Reddy, and S. Robinson. 1998. Chemical fractionation of organic phosphorus in selected Histosols. Soil Science. 163:36-45.
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Proposal Seminar
0
100
200
300
400
500
250 350 450 550 650Flu
ore
scen
ce In
ten
sity
Wavelength, nm
Example: Fluorescence
Humification Index (HIX) = 435 480300-345
Increased absorbance: red-shift
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Proposal Seminar
Pyrolysis Extraction
Inert atmosphere160, 200, 260, 300, 360, 550 oCBatch loaded1 hour combustionExtract w/ 1M HCl
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Proposal Seminar
Chen, Y., N. Senesi, and M. Schnitzer. 1977. Information provided on humic substances by E4/E6 ratios. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41:352-358
E4:E6
17 hr, 0.5 M NaOH ExtractAbsorb. 445 & 465Ratio is related to molecular
weight