Proposal GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOLAR ENERGY Le Chi Hiep Director, Program on Renewable Energy & Energy...

ProposalProposal

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOLAR ENERGYSOLAR ENERGY

Le Chi HiepLe Chi Hiep

Director, Program on Renewable Energy & Energy Director, Program on Renewable Energy & Energy Conservation (VNU-HCM)Conservation (VNU-HCM)

[email protected]@gmail.com

United States - Vietnam Science and Technology United States - Vietnam Science and Technology Partnership WorkshopPartnership Workshop

Ho Chi Minh City, September 24, 2009Ho Chi Minh City, September 24, 2009

1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1. GENERAL INFORMATION AND DATAAND DATA

VIETNAMVIETNAM

Population – 85.8 Population – 85.8 millionsmillions (2009) (2009)

Area – 332,000Area – 332,000kmkm22

CapitalCapital – Hanoi – Hanoi

Latitudes and Longitudes of several Latitudes and Longitudes of several main provinces/cities in Vietnammain provinces/cities in Vietnam

LocationLocation LatitudeLatitude LongitudeLongitudeHa GiangHa Giang 2222oo54’N54’N 105105ooEE

HanoiHanoi 2121oo03’N03’N 105105oo54’E54’E

HueHue 1616oo29’N29’N 107107oo36’E36’E

Da nangDa nang 1616oo03’N03’N 108108oo12’E12’E

Qui NhonQui Nhon 1313oo47’N47’N 109109oo15’E15’E

HoChiMinh CityHoChiMinh City 1010oo45’N45’N 106106oo41’E41’E

Phu QuocPhu Quoc 1010oo12’N12’N 103103oo58’E58’E

Ca MauCa Mau 99oo11’N11’N 105105oo09’E09’E

Mean Annual Sunshine HoursMean Annual Sunshine Hours

North: 1800 – 2100 hours of sunshine a North: 1800 – 2100 hours of sunshine a year, on average.year, on average.

South: 2000 – 2600 hours of sunshine a South: 2000 – 2600 hours of sunshine a year, on average.year, on average.

MONTHLY MEAN MONTHLY MEAN SUNSHINE HOURSSUNSHINE HOURS ((Hours/dayHours/day))

Location: HANOI (Location: HANOI (2121oo03’N, 10503’N, 105oo54’E)54’E)

JanuaryJanuary 2.22.2

FebruaryFebruary 1.61.6

MarchMarch 1.41.4

AprilApril 2.72.7

MayMay 5.35.3

JuneJune 5.25.2

JulyJuly 5.95.9

AugustAugust 5.35.3

SeptemberSeptember 5.45.4

OctoberOctober 5.35.3

NovemberNovember 4.24.2

DecemberDecember 3.53.5


Location: DANANG (Location: DANANG (1616oo03’N, 10803’N, 108oo12’E)12’E)



MarchMarch 3.43.4

AprilApril 6.96.9

MayMay 8.38.3

JuneJune 7.97.9

JulyJuly 8.38.3

AugustAugust 6.76.7






Location: HOCHIMINH City (Location: HOCHIMINH City (1010oo45’N, 10645’N, 106oo41’E)41’E)



MarchMarch 8.88.8

AprilApril 7.77.7

MayMay 6.36.3

JuneJune 5.75.7

JulyJuly 5.85.8

AugustAugust 5.65.6





MONTHLY MEAN MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATIONSOLAR RADIATION ((kWh/mkWh/m22/day/day))

Location: HANOI (Location: HANOI (2121oo03’N, 10503’N, 105oo54’E)54’E)



MarchMarch 2.532.53

AprilApril 3.463.46

MayMay 5.235.23

JuneJune 5.315.31

JulyJuly 5.595.59

AugustAugust 5.105.10





Annual Mean Solar Radiation: 3.93kWh/m2/day


Location: DANANG (Location: DANANG (1616oo03’N, 10803’N, 108oo12’E)12’E)



MarchMarch 5.25.2

AprilApril 5.85.8

MayMay 6.46.4

JuneJune 5.95.9

JulyJuly 6.56.5

AugustAugust 5.75.7







Location: NHA TRANG (Location: NHA TRANG (1212oo15’N, 10915’N, 109oo11’E)11’E)



MarchMarch 5.695.69

AprilApril 5.915.91

MayMay 5.905.90

JuneJune 5.665.66

JulyJuly 5.665.66

AugustAugust 5.515.51







Location: HOCHIMINH City (Location: HOCHIMINH City (1010oo45’N, 10645’N, 106oo41’E)41’E)



MarchMarch 6.66.6

AprilApril 5.75.7

MayMay 5.05.0

JuneJune 4.94.9

JulyJuly 5.15.1

AugustAugust 5.05.0






Location: Ho Chi Minh City, April 28Location: Ho Chi Minh City, April 28 thth, 2005, 2005

0

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400

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9AM28 Thu Apr 2005

12PM 3PM

"Average Solar Radiation" in "10 Minute Summary" of "Current" database at "28-004-2005"

W/m

2

Location: Ho Chi Minh City, June 28Location: Ho Chi Minh City, June 28thth, 2005, 2005

0

100

200

300

400

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9AM28 Tue Jun 2005

12PM 3PM

"Average Solar Radiation" in "10 Minute Summary" of "Current" database at "28-06-2005"

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Location: Ho Chi Minh City, March 5Location: Ho Chi Minh City, March 5thth, 2009, 2009((Total solar radiationTotal solar radiation, , W/mW/m22))

09:00 09:00 323323 10:4010:40 255255 12:2012:20 886886

09:1009:10 494494 10:5010:50 249249 12:3012:30 725725

09:2009:20 489489 11:0011:00 650650 12:4012:40 791791

09:3009:30 638638 11:1011:10 10641064 12:5012:50 934934

09:4009:40 658658 11:2011:20 464464 13:0013:00 797797

09:5009:50 650650 11:3011:30 871871 13:1013:10 785785

10:0010:00 508508 11:4011:40 10441044 13:2013:20 773773

10:1010:10 659659 11:5011:50 10311031 13:3013:30 838838

10:2010:20 503503 12:0012:00 497497 13:4013:40 453453

10:3010:30 629629 12:1012:10 957957 13:5013:50 474474

Location: Ho Chi Minh City, March 5Location: Ho Chi Minh City, March 5thth, 2009, 2009((Total solar radiationTotal solar radiation, , W/mW/m22))

14:00 14:00 685685 15:4015:40 387387 17:2017:20 139139

14:1014:10 611611 15:5015:50 344344 17:3017:30 9898

14:2014:20 344344 16:0016:00 385385 17:4017:40 6666

14:3014:30 392392 16:1016:10 381381 17:5017:50 1717

14:4014:40 557557 16:2016:20 306306 18:0018:00 77

14:5014:50 627627 16:3016:30 135135 18:1018:10 77

15:0015:00 649649 16:4016:40 139139 18:2018:20 00

15:1015:10 643643 16:5016:50 140140 18:3018:30 00

15:2015:20 583583 17:0017:00 182182 18:4018:40 00

15:3015:30 469469 17:1017:10 168168 18:5018:50 00

2. APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR 2. APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY IN VIETNAMENERGY IN VIETNAM

Two main applications:Two main applications:

- Solar hot water- Solar hot water

- Solar photovoltaics- Solar photovoltaics

2.1. SOLAR HOT WATER2.1. SOLAR HOT WATER

Solar hot water has been developed since Solar hot water has been developed since 1990. At the early period, it was very 1990. At the early period, it was very difficult to get the attention of the difficult to get the attention of the community.community.

But, since around 1998, the number of But, since around 1998, the number of installed solar hot water systems has installed solar hot water systems has gradually increased, especially in Ho Chi gradually increased, especially in Ho Chi Minh city.Minh city.

Currently, solar hot water has become one Currently, solar hot water has become one of products at high competition. That leads of products at high competition. That leads to the increase of the number of to the increase of the number of companies doing business in this field.companies doing business in this field.

But, there is so far But, there is so far no full industryno full industry referring referring to solar hot water. The main components to solar hot water. The main components of the system (solar collector,…) are of the system (solar collector,…) are imported, mainly from China. imported, mainly from China.

COMMENTCOMMENT

Solar hot water has been developed very Solar hot water has been developed very fast, especially in the southern parts of the fast, especially in the southern parts of the country. Currently, it is easy to see solar country. Currently, it is easy to see solar hot water systems on roofs of many hot water systems on roofs of many houses in Ho Chi Minh city.houses in Ho Chi Minh city.

2.2. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS2.2. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS

2.2.1. RESEARCH2.2.1. RESEARCH

Researches referring to solar Researches referring to solar photovoltaics have been done from around photovoltaics have been done from around 1975.1975.

Early research interestsEarly research interests

1.1. Monocrystalline siliconMonocrystalline silicon

2.2. Polycrystalline siliconPolycrystalline silicon

3.3. Amorphous silicon Amorphous silicon

Current research interestsCurrent research interests

Determination of the light- induced degradation rate of Determination of the light- induced degradation rate of the solar cell sensitized N719 on nanocrystalline TiO2 the solar cell sensitized N719 on nanocrystalline TiO2 particlesparticles

Thermal degradation kinetics of solar cell dye N719 Thermal degradation kinetics of solar cell dye N719 bound to nanocrystalline TiO2 particlesbound to nanocrystalline TiO2 particles

Fabrication of solar cells based on N719, D520-dyed Fabrication of solar cells based on N719, D520-dyed nano-crystalline titanium dioxide and investigation of nano-crystalline titanium dioxide and investigation of their performancestheir performances

Improvement of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Open-Improvement of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Open-circuit Voltage by Electrolyte Additives and Cell circuit Voltage by Electrolyte Additives and Cell Treatment with 4-tert-butylpyridineTreatment with 4-tert-butylpyridine

The Relationship between Electrochemical Impedance The Relationship between Electrochemical Impedance Spectra and Photovoltaic Performance Characteristics Spectra and Photovoltaic Performance Characteristics during the Light and Thermal Ageing of Dye-Sensitized during the Light and Thermal Ageing of Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsSolar Cells

Effects of Electrolyte Additives on the Open-circuit Effects of Electrolyte Additives on the Open-circuit Voltage of Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsVoltage of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Decomposition and degradation of dyes in solar cells Decomposition and degradation of dyes in solar cells under prolonged thermal and light ageingunder prolonged thermal and light ageing

Dye-sensitized solar cell based on nano-crystalline Dye-sensitized solar cell based on nano-crystalline titanium dioxidetitanium dioxide

Fabrication of solar cells based on titanium dioxide and Fabrication of solar cells based on titanium dioxide and organometallic dyesorganometallic dyes

Grid connected systemsGrid connected systems

But, due to many difficulties, the research But, due to many difficulties, the research on solar photovoltaics is nearly activities of on solar photovoltaics is nearly activities of scientists in laboratory only. scientists in laboratory only.

It has not exercised its influence on the It has not exercised its influence on the society.society.

2.2.2. APPLICATIONS2.2.2. APPLICATIONS

In 1990, the first 300In 1990, the first 300WpWp-unit was installed at -unit was installed at Can Gio district, Ho Chi Minh city.Can Gio district, Ho Chi Minh city.

From 1994, solar photovoltaics has been From 1994, solar photovoltaics has been expanded in the whole country.expanded in the whole country.

Currently, total installed photovoltaics is around Currently, total installed photovoltaics is around 22MWpMWp. .

Installed locations:Installed locations:

- Rural areas (PV units were installed at more - Rural areas (PV units were installed at more than 3000 houses, there have been around than 3000 houses, there have been around 8500 families who can reach PV indirectly by 8500 families who can reach PV indirectly by using batteries charged from stations).using batteries charged from stations).

- Cultural centers.- Cultural centers.

- Medical centers.- Medical centers.

- Telecommunication units.- Telecommunication units.

- Traveling boats.- Traveling boats.

- Post offices- Post offices

- Ambulances.- Ambulances.

- Public lighting systems.- Public lighting systems.

- Traffic lighting systems.- Traffic lighting systems.

- Battery charging stations. - Battery charging stations.

- Schools.- Schools.

- Islands.- Islands.

2000Wp

Main features of photovoltaic development in Main features of photovoltaic development in Vietnam:Vietnam:

- Most budgets funded by international - Most budgets funded by international organizations and several funded by national organizations and several funded by national agencies (there is so far agencies (there is so far nearlynearly no personal no personal budgetbudget invested to set up the system). invested to set up the system).

- It leads to unstable and unsustainable - It leads to unstable and unsustainable development.development.

- All solar panels are so far imported.- All solar panels are so far imported.

Currently, there are only several Currently, there are only several companies doing business on companies doing business on photovoltaics in Vietnam.photovoltaics in Vietnam.

Recently, a factory producing solar panels has Recently, a factory producing solar panels has been installed in Long An – near Ho Chi Minh been installed in Long An – near Ho Chi Minh City. City.

By planning, its expected capacity is 3By planning, its expected capacity is 3MWp/yearMWp/year (first step) and 5(first step) and 5MWp/yearMWp/year (next step). (next step).

COMMENTCOMMENT

Solar photovoltaics has been almost done Solar photovoltaics has been almost done by by projectsprojects and has been installed dispersedly. There have been only a few . There have been only a few people who want to invest the photovoltaic people who want to invest the photovoltaic system by their own budget.system by their own budget.

2.3. OTHER APPLICATIONS2.3. OTHER APPLICATIONS

Solar Refrigeration and Air ConditioningSolar Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Solar DryingSolar Drying

Solar CookingSolar Cooking

Solar DistillationSolar Distillation

Main features of these applications:Main features of these applications:

- Not popular- Not popular

- Research phase- Research phase

- Low attraction of the community- Low attraction of the community

3. DETAILS OF THE 3. DETAILS OF THE SUBMITTED PROPOSALSUBMITTED PROPOSAL

3.1. TARGET3.1. TARGET

To set up a graduate school on solar To set up a graduate school on solar energy and on applications of solar energy and on applications of solar

energyenergy

3.2. EXPECTED OUTPUTS3.2. EXPECTED OUTPUTS

Degree of training programsDegree of training programs– MasterMaster– Ph. D.Ph. D.

Research activitiesResearch activities

Mainly in:Mainly in:– Solar photovoltaicsSolar photovoltaics– Solar refrigeration and air conditioningSolar refrigeration and air conditioning– Solar distillationSolar distillation– Other applications in connection with solar energy.Other applications in connection with solar energy.

3.3. BASIC IDEAS3.3. BASIC IDEAS

StudentsStudents: mainly coming from Vietnam, but it is : mainly coming from Vietnam, but it is expected that the school can get the attention of expected that the school can get the attention of students coming from other ASEAN countries.students coming from other ASEAN countries.

LanguageLanguage: English: English

Teaching staff and supervisorsTeaching staff and supervisors: mainly coming : mainly coming from Vietnam and from the USA, some selected from Vietnam and from the USA, some selected professors from other ASEAN countries can be professors from other ASEAN countries can be invited.invited.

Tuition feeTuition fee::In order to speed up the application of solar In order to speed up the application of solar energy and to get the attention of students, the energy and to get the attention of students, the school should be one of the objects supported school should be one of the objects supported by the governments.by the governments.Therefore, students pay a part of the fee only, Therefore, students pay a part of the fee only, the partners cover all the remains.the partners cover all the remains.

Training form:Training form:– Master: full time in VietnamMaster: full time in Vietnam– Ph. D.: sandwich programPh. D.: sandwich program

4. COMMENT & 4. COMMENT & CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

There is high potential to exploit solar There is high potential to exploit solar energy in Vietnam.energy in Vietnam.

There is also high demand in increase the There is also high demand in increase the number of graduated students in this area.number of graduated students in this area.

The government commits to speed up the The government commits to speed up the application of renewable energy in application of renewable energy in Vietnam.Vietnam.

FOR YOUR INFORMATIONFOR YOUR INFORMATION

The draft of the decree on the means supporting The draft of the decree on the means supporting the the development of renewable energydevelopment of renewable energy has just been has just been submitted to the government by the ministry of industry submitted to the government by the ministry of industry and commerce (Tuoi Tre daily newspaper, Sept. 8, and commerce (Tuoi Tre daily newspaper, Sept. 8, 2009).2009).

Main contents of the draft of the decree: Main contents of the draft of the decree: - The government commits to exempt those who - The government commits to exempt those who

invest to develop the electric generation by renewable invest to develop the electric generation by renewable energy from taxes.energy from taxes.

- The price of electricity produced by renewable - The price of electricity produced by renewable energy would be discussed to guarantee the investor’s energy would be discussed to guarantee the investor’s rational benefit.rational benefit.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

It is time to start to set up the school of It is time to start to set up the school of solar energy.solar energy.

Hopefully this proposal can get the Hopefully this proposal can get the attention of the responsible organizations attention of the responsible organizations of the both sides.of the both sides.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONATTENTION

Proposal GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOLAR ENERGY Le Chi Hiep Director, Program on Renewable Energy & Energy...

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