Prophetic Monotheism: Judaism

Abraham: the Patriarch

· Founder of Judaism· Moved from · Mesopotamia to Canaan

(Israel)· Tested by God· Covenant: monotheism· “I will make you the

father of a great nation”

Moses the Lawgiver

1. 10 Plagues and “Passover”2. Ten Commandments 3. Exodus to the Promised Land (Israel)4. Moses believed author of the Torah5. Gods chosen people

10 commandments

· Rules for Judaism and Christianity

Torah and Talmud

· Sacred Text of Judaism. · In Christianity, Torah is known as the

Old Testament

Jewish view of Jesus?

· Jesus is a prophet, not the sun of God or the messiah.

· They are still waiting for the messiah to return.

Kosher Laws

· Food must be blessed· Do not mix meat and dairy· Do not eat Pork (dirty animal)

Synagogue

Kingdom of Israel

· Saul· David - conquers city

of Jerusalem· Solomon - builds

temple in Jerusalem· Fall to the Assyrians· Babylonian exile· First temple destroyed

Jerusalem

Wailing Wall

· In Jerusalem, people often write prayers for God and put them within the wall. It is from when the first temple was destroyed

Jewish Diaspora

· Numerous Jewish revolts in Palestine (Roman name for the region). The Romans crush the revolts, destroy the temple in the CITY OF JERUSALEM, and the Jews disperse.

Medieval Anti-Semitism

· In the Middle Ages, Charlemagne asked Jews to move to his Holy Roman Empire because Christians were not allowed to lend money (it was seen as the sin of usury)

· Many European nations attempted to forcibly convert or expel Jews from their kingdoms. After the Crusades, Anti-Semitism increases greatly.

Attacks and Expulsions

· The First Crusaders rampage through Jewish communities in Northern Europe en route;

· Jews often live apart in ghettoes;· Jews are blamed for the plague;· Jews are expelled from France, Italy,

England, Germany, Spain, etc.· Many move to Poland, Russia, etc.

Pogroms in Russia

· 1791: Jews in Russia must live within an area called the Pale

· Czarist govt. authorities in 19th C. Russia encourage attacks on Jewish settlements

Twentieth Century

· Zionism (the Jewish Nationalist Movement to return to Israel) grows

· The Balfour Declaration in England promises to support a Jewish Homeland

· The Holocaust· The Creation of Israel by the United

Nations after World War II

Arab-Israeli Wars

· 1948 Wars of Independence· 1968 Six Day War· 1973 October (Yom Kippur) WarPeace Accords:· Egypt· Jordan

Disputed Territories

· Grey Territories: Palestine

· Blue: Jewish settlements

· Since 1948, Israel has expanded its control of some of this land for security reasons.

Miscellaneous

· Rosh Hashanah· Yom Kippur· Chanukah· Pesach (Passover)· Sabbath (at home or

synagogue/temple)

· Bar / Bat Mitzvah