Properties of Water All organisms require H 2 O. Background nH2OnH2O n Life evolved in the early...
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Transcript of Properties of Water All organisms require H 2 O. Background nH2OnH2O n Life evolved in the early...
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Properties of Water
All organisms require H2O
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Background
H2O Life evolved in the early oceans Vital to history of life on Earth
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3/4’s of Earth is covered with H2O
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Human’s are 2/3’s H2O
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Polarity of H2O
O
HH+ +
-
108°
Oxygen is very electronegative.
i.e. It likes e-s.
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Polarity of H2O (cont.)
e-s are shared unequally b/t H’s & O’s
H2O molecules are polar!
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Hydrogen Bonding
Weak chemical associations w/ other molecules, like little magnets sticking together
Accounts for much of the organization of living chemistry
A lot of bonds work together for strength
Generally indicated by dashed lines
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Do the water molecule shuffle!
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The structure of water leads to some interesting properties of water……
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Water is the Universal Solvent
Like dissolves like
Anything with a charge or polar will dissolve in water
Anything nonpolar will not dissolve in water
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– eg. NaCl + H20
Na+ Cl-
OO
H
H
HH
+
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Some examples:
Hard water Caves Salty ocean Hydrophobic vs. Hydrophilic molecules
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Hydrophobic & Hydrophilic Interactions
Very important in biological systems
– ex. Cell membranes
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Cell Membrane
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Cohesion and Adhesion
Water molecules stick to one another Examples:
Surface tension Water molecules stick to other charged
substancesExamples:
MeniscusCapillary Action
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Boating Spiders
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Water Walking Spiders
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Water has a high specific heat
1kcal/1goC Absorbs a lot of heat to raise T Must break H bonds to pull the
molecules apart
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A comparison…. (No need to copy this in your notes!)
2 X oil or alcohol 4 X air or Al 9 X iron Only ammonia is greater
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“So what,” you may be asking?
Temperature regulation- large thermal capacity
Oceans
Body Temperature
Thermal Conductivity-disperses heat evenly throughout a body
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Water has a high boiling point
Liquid Gas + 540 cal.
Evaporation is a cooling process
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Freezing Point of water is high
Water is less dense as a solid than a liquid (that is really weird!)
Solid water floats on its liquid form So, what does this mean to aquatic life?
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To summarize---
Life is dependent on water
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Life Evolved in water
50-90% of wt. Of any living thing is water
70% human is water Blood plasma cytoplasm
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Medium of transport
Molecules/nutrients Wastes Sex Cells Development of fetus
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Temperature Regulation
Sweat Blood
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Buoyance
Movement Predation/Prey
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Waterproofing
Integument