Properties of MatterProperties of Matter

MatterMatter

Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

(Mass is a measure of the quantity of something and volume is how much space it takes up)

Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

(Mass is a measure of the quantity of something and volume is how much space it takes up)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

A Physical Property of a substance is a characteristic or description of the substance that may help to identify it.

For example: Sodium is a silvery metal.

A Physical Property of a substance is a characteristic or description of the substance that may help to identify it.

For example: Sodium is a silvery metal.

Physical Properties Observed with the Senses:

Physical Properties Observed with the Senses:

Colour Texture Odour Lustre Clarity Taste

Colour Texture Odour Lustre Clarity Taste

1. The States of Matter1. The States of Matter

Solid, Liquid, Gas, (Plasmas)

Solid, Liquid, Gas, (Plasmas)

Solar plasmas of Jupiter

2. Hardness2. Hardness

Resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented Example: diamond

is harder than glass

Resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented Example: diamond

is harder than glass

Glass tiles are cut using water and diamond encrusted blades

3. Malleability3. Malleability

Ability of a metal to be hammered or bent into different shapes Example:

Aluminum foil is easily bent

Ability of a metal to be hammered or bent into different shapes Example:

Aluminum foil is easily bent Chromium metal

bent into different shapes

4. Ductility4. Ductility

Ability of a metal to be pulled into wires Example: Copper

is very ductile and is commonly used for electrical wiring

Ability of a metal to be pulled into wires Example: Copper

is very ductile and is commonly used for electrical wiring

5. Melting and Boiling Points

5. Melting and Boiling Points

Temperature at which substances change state Water changes

from solid to a liquid at 0ºC

Temperature at which substances change state Water changes

from solid to a liquid at 0ºC

6. Crystal Form6. Crystal Form

The solid form taken by many minerals. Each mineral usually takes a characteristic pattern Salt Crystals usually

look like tiny cubes

The solid form taken by many minerals. Each mineral usually takes a characteristic pattern Salt Crystals usually

look like tiny cubes

7. Solubility7. Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent Example: Sugar is

soluble in water

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent Example: Sugar is

soluble in water

8. Viscosity8. Viscosity

How easy a liquid flows Example: The

thicker the liquid, the slower it flows and is more viscous. Corn syrup is viscous

How easy a liquid flows Example: The

thicker the liquid, the slower it flows and is more viscous. Corn syrup is viscous

9. Density9. Density

The amount of matter per unit volume

Density = mass/volume Example: Lead is

very dense, feathers are not dense

The amount of matter per unit volume

Density = mass/volume Example: Lead is

very dense, feathers are not dense

10. Conductivity10. Conductivity

If a substance is able to conduct heat or electricity.

Conductor – able to conductExample: most metals, copper is very good

Insulator – has little or no conductivityExample: styrofoam, glass

If a substance is able to conduct heat or electricity.

Conductor – able to conductExample: most metals, copper is very good

Insulator – has little or no conductivityExample: styrofoam, glass

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

A Chemical Property of a substance describes the behaviour of a substance as it becomes a new substance

A Chemical Property of a substance describes the behaviour of a substance as it becomes a new substance

1. Combustibility1. Combustibility

The ability of a substance to react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy Gasoline is very

combustible or flammable. Water is nonflammable.

The ability of a substance to react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy Gasoline is very

combustible or flammable. Water is nonflammable.

2. Reaction with Acid2. Reaction with Acid

The ability of a substance to react with acids to produce a gasExample: Zinc reacts with acid to produce bubbles of gas.

The ability of a substance to react with acids to produce a gasExample: Zinc reacts with acid to produce bubbles of gas.

Other Examples include:Other Examples include:

Absorbs heat during reaction Forms gas when heated Reacts with water Emits heat during reaction Emits light during reaction Forms a precipitate (solid) in a

solution

Absorbs heat during reaction Forms gas when heated Reacts with water Emits heat during reaction Emits light during reaction Forms a precipitate (solid) in a

solution

MATTER

Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixtures Solutions

-looks like one substance-Homogeneous-E.g. ______

Pure Substances

Elements Compounds-simplest form-cannot be broken down- E.g. ________

-made of 2 or more elements -can be broken down chemically- E.g. ________

- Suspensions- tiny particles of one substance are held withinAnother-E.g. __________

- Mechanical Mixtures- individual substances are visible- E.g. ____________

Homogeneous

Mixtures

- has mass and takes up space, made up of atoms and molecules