Properties of Matter Atom-Periodic Table
Transcript of Properties of Matter Atom-Periodic Table
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How is the Periodic Table Separated?
Objective- Understanding the PeriodicTable
Metals, Non-Metals( Gases),
Metalloids, Rows(Periods) andColumns (Groups)
Do Now-9/12/14
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What does Periodic Mean?
The word "periodic"means that there is a
repeating pattern --that is, the propertiesof the elementsrepeat with each row
-- or period -- of thetable.
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How to Read the Periodic Table
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First, let's look at the columns (groups) androws(periods) of the periodic table.
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Groups or Families
The verticalcolumns of theperiodic table(there are 18) arecalled groups orfamilies
Elements in thesame group or familyhave similar but notidenticalcharacteristics
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Periods
The horizontal rows ofthe periodic table arecalled periods
Elements in a period arenot alike in properties
As a rule, the firstelement in a period isusually an active solid,and the last element in aperiod is always aninactive gas
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Atomic size decreasesfrom left to right across aperiod, but atomic
mass increases fromleft to right across aperiod.
Atoms on the left of theperiod therefore, are
usually larger andmore lightweight thanthe smaller, heavieratoms on the right of theperiod.
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Think Inside the Box
When you look at the
periodic table, you
should notice that each
box represents adifferent element, and
each box contains vital
information about the
element, including itsname, symbol, atomic
number, and atomicmass
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Do Now: Explain how the periodic table is broke
Down?
Period, Groups, Metals, Non-metals and MetalloidsObjective: SWBAT to understand how the periodic tableis constructed
9/15/14
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Think inside the Box
The top number is theatomic number.
Every element has its ownunique atomic number.
The atomic number tellshow many protons are inone atom of that element. Italso tells us how manyelectrons
Since no two elements havethe same atomic number, notwo elements have the samenumber of protons.
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Think Inside the Box
The large letter is
the element's
symbol. Each element has its
own unique symboland name.
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Think Inside the Box
Below the symbol is
the element's
atomic mass
The atomic mass, is
the total number of
protons and
neutrons
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Metals, Non Metals and Metalloids
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Metals, Non metals and Metalloids
Most periodic tables
contain a stair step line
which allows you to
identify which elementsare metals, nonmetals,
and metalloids. (in this
table its the purple
boxes)
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Metals
Most elements are
metals 88 elements
to the left of the stairstep line are metals
or metal likeelements
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Characteristics of Metals
Phys ical Propert ies ofMetals:
Luster (shininess) Good conductors of heat
and electricity High density (heavy for
their size) High melting point Ductile (most metals can
be drawn out into thin
wires) Malleable (most metals can
be hammered into thinsheets)
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Characteristics of Metals
Chemical Propert ies of
Metals:
Easily lose electrons
Corrode easily.
Corrosion is a gradual
wearing away.
(Example: silver
tarnishing and ironrusting)
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What are the Physical and Chemical characteristics of
Metal
SWBAT: Understanding the elements that make upthe periodic table
Do Now-9/17/14
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Alkali Metals- Group 1 of the periodic table
They react with other elements by losing one electron . These elements are so reactive theyare never found as an uncombined metal in nature, they are found as only compounds
They react vigorously with water to produce hydroxides and release hydrogen. Theirchemical activity increases as you move downward through the periods from Li to Na to K,etc.
Alkali metals tend to lose one electron and form ions with a single positive charge.
A few important ones include Potassium- found in bananas and other foods, Sodium-
compounds are found in seawater and table salt (NaCl) and Lithium-which is used inbatteries
Alkali metal
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Alkaline Earth Metals-Group 2
Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium,Strontium, Barium, Radium (group 2)
Fairly hard composition
Good conductors of electricity
They are only found in nature as acompound
Calcium-essential for bones andmuscles
Magnesium- Found in ladders,airplane parts and car wheels
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Transition Metals
Periods 3-12
They include iron, copper,nickel, silver and gold
Most are shiny and hard
They make colorful compounds
And all are good conductors of
electricity
They are less reactive than the
first 2 periods . Thats why these types of
metals look good even whenvery old
We would not survive with Iron
( it forms the core of a moleculecalled hemoglobin whichcarries oxygen in ourbloodstream)
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Non Metals
Nonmetals are found
to the right of the
stair step line. Theircharacteristics are
opposite those of
metals.
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Characteristics of Non-Metals
Phys ical Propert ies ofNonmetals :
No luster (dull
appearance) Poor conductor of heat
and electricity Brittle (breaks easily) Not ductile
Not malleable Low density Low melting point
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Characteristics of Non-Metals
Chemical
Propert ies of
Nonmetals : Tend to gain
electrons
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Non -Metals
The 10 out of the 16 of non-metals are Gases at room
temperature
The air we breathe is mostly amixture of two nonmetals
Nitrogen(N) and Oxygen (O)
Carbon, Iodine and Sulfur aresolids at room temperature
Bromine is the only one that isa liquid
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The Carbon Family
Each element has atomsthat can gain, lose orshare four electrons
In Group 14, Carbon is theonly non metal
Compounds made ofmolecules containing
long chains of carbonatoms are found in allliving things
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Nitrogen Family Group 15 contains two non-metals, nitrogen and
phosphorus
The atmosphere is almost 80% Nitrogen (N2)
Nitrogen is an example of an element that occurs innature in the form of DIATOMIC MOLECULESN2 A Diatomic molecule- consists of two atoms
Living things need nitrogen all though most arent able to
use it from the air, however certain bacteria can use thisnitrogen to form compounds in a process called NitrogenFixationthis is how plants can take up nitrogencompounds in the soil. Also fertilizers are full of Nitrogencompounds
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Halogen Families
Group 17 Contains Fluorine,chlorine, bromine, iodine andastatine
These elements are also knownas Halogens- which meanssalt forming
All but Astatine are non-metals All Halogens are very reactive
and the uncombined elementsare dangerous to humans
Fluorine is so reactive that itreacts with almost every otherknown substance .
Even water will burn in fluorine
Chlorine gas is extremelydangerous but it is used in very
small amounts in watersupplies to kill bacterias
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Do Now: What element is this sentence talking about?
Compounds made of molecules containing longchains of (blank) atoms are found in all living things
SWBAT: Understanding the elements that make upthe periodic table
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The Noble Gases
Alone in the upper leftcorner of the periodic table
It makes up 90% of theatoms in the Universe
But only 1% of the Earths
crust
Group 18 is known as theNoble gases
They are usually unreactive
Helium and Neon are the mostfamous ones
Helium was discovered when aScientist was studying the Sun
Neon is found in manyelectrical glowing signs
Hydrogen
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Metalloids
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Properties of Metalloids
Physical Properties ofMetalloids:
Solids
Can be shiny or dull Ductile (elastic)
Malleable(flexible)
Conduct heat and
electricity better thannonmetals but not aswell as metals
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Review Table consists of
different Elements
Elements are made ofatoms
The Periodic table ismade out of Groups andfamilies (up and down)
The periodic table is
made out of periods (leftto right)
There are metals, nonmetals and metalloids
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A little more Review!
http://youtu.be/CnjxrFNie5I?t=12m24s -
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Tell me one Metal, one Non-metal
(gases) and one Metalloid
On your way out!