Properties of Eng i 02 Dub b

PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS FOR USE

IN ROTATING MACHINERY AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES

Pt.2

William Martin Dubbs

PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS FOR

USE IN ROTATING MACHINERY AT

CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES

by

WILLIAM MARTIN pUBBS, JR.

LIEUTENANT, UNITED STATES NAVY

B.S., United States Naval Academy

1967

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Ocean Engineer a^id the Degree of

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering

at the

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

May, 1974

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MATERIAL

Pure Aluminum (5)

AISI/SAE 4340 Steelannealed

AISI 301 StainlessSteel

(5)

(5)

Pure Ti(5,8)

Ti-6A1-4V(8)

, extralow interstitial

(5)Ti-7Mn

Pure Magnesium (5)

V (upper temp)

0.347 (RT)

0.287 (RT)

0.307 (RT)

0.338 (RT)

0.323 (RT)

0.313 (RT)

0.308 (RT)

V (lowest temp)

0.331 (4.2°K)

0.268 (4.2°K)

0.292 (20°K)

0.305 (4.2°K)

0.297 (20°K)

0.302 (4.2°K)

0.295 (4.2°K)

Table 4.25 Poisson's Ratio of Various Materials

173.

MATERIAL

2014-T6(8)

, sheet,longitudinal >

2014-T6(8)

, sheet,transverse

2219-T6(8)

, sheet,longitudinal

2219-T6 (8), sheet,

transverse

2219-T81(8)

, sheet

2219-T87(8)

, sheet

6061-T6(8)

, sheet

7039-T6(8)

, sheetlongitudinal

7039-T6(8)

, sheet,transverse

Inconel X , sheet,soln treated, aged,longitudinal

(8)Inconel X , sheet,

soln treated, aged,

transverse

D-979(8)

, sheet,annealed

(8)E-787 Resin v

', S/901cloth reinf.

E-787 Resin (8), S/901

1543 cloth reinf.

E-787 Resin(8)

, S/901cloth reinf.

,

unidirectionalfilament

uts

(upper temp)

45000 (RT)

44000 (RT)

37000 (RT)

42000 (RT)

42000 (RT)

43000 (RT)

32000 (RT)

40000 (RT)

40000 (RT)

112000 (RT)

115000 (RT)

102000 (RT)

8000 (RT)

8000 (RT)

8000 (RT)

uts

(lowest temp)

60000 (20°K)

61000 (20°K)

62000 (20°K)

64000 (20°K)

58000 (20°K)

65000 (20°K)

52000 (20°K)

54000 (20°K)

48000 (20°K)

147000 (20°K)

142000 (20°K)

125000 (20°K)

10000 (20°K)

10300 (20°K)

8900 (20°K)

Table 4.26 Shear Strength of Various Materials in PSI

174.

MATERIAL

E-787 Resin(8)

,

cloth reinf.

,

bidirectionalfilament

uts

(upper temp)

S/901 5300 (RT)

DER 332/DEH 50 ResinS/901 cloth reinf.bidirectionalfilament

(8)

DER 332 /BF Resin (8)

S/901 cloth reinf.

,

bidirectionalfilament

Selectron 5158 ResinS/901 cloth reinf.,bidirectionalfilament

(8)

5000 (RT)

3200 (RT)

3300 (RT)

uts

(lowest temp)

6700 (20°K)

9300 (20°K)

4600 (20°K)

3300 (20°K)

Table 4.26 Shear Strength of Various Materials in PSI (cont.)

175.

MATERIAL G (upper temp) G (lowest temp)

Pure Aluminum (5)3.8 x 10 (RT)

AISI/SAE 4340 ,Steel(5)

11.5 x 106

(RT)

annealed

AISI 301 StainlessSteel

(5)

Ti-6A1-4V(5)

,

Titanium Alloy

Ti-7Mn (5),

Titanium Alloy

.(5)Pure Titanium

Pure Magnesium (5)

Pure Molybdenum (5)

11.4 x 10 (RT)

6.1 x 10 (RT)

6.1 x 10 (RT)

5.7 x 10 (RT)

2.4 x 106

(RT)

16.5 x 10 (RT)

4.3 x 10 (4.2°K)

12.5 x 106

(4.2°K)

12.5 x 10 (4.2°K)

6.9 x 10 (4.2°K)

6.9 x 10 (4.2°K)

6.6 x 10 (4.2°K)

2.7 x 106

(4.2°K)

17.2 x 10 (4.2°K)

Table 4.27 Modulus of Ridigidy of Various Materials in PSI

176.

MATERIAL

1100-0(7,8)

, bar, (Izod)

1100(17)

, 3/4 hard,(Charpy k-notch)

1100-H14(7,8)

, bar,(Charpy v-notch)

1100-H16(7 ' 8)

, bar,

(Charpy k-notch)

2014-T6(8)

, plate,(Charpy v-notch)

2020-T6(8:>


2024-T4(7 ' 8)

, bar,

(Charpy v-notch)

2024-T86(8)


3003-H12 (7), bar,

(Charpy k-notch)

5052-F (7),plate,

(Charpy v-notch)

5086-0 (7 ' 19),

(Charpy v-notch)

5l54-0(7)

,

(Charpy v-notch)

5456-H343(8)

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(unspecified), longitudinal

5456-H343(8)

,plate,

(unspecified), transverse

6053-T6(7)

, bar,(Charpy k-notch)

Impact Energy

(upper temp)

19 (RT)

27 (RT)

71 (RT)

29 (RT)

2.5 (RT)

1.5 (RT)

9.5 (RT)

3.5 (RT)

17 (RT)

100 (RT)

13.5 (RT)

98 (RT)

9.5 (RT)

6 (RT)

80 (RT)

Impact Energy

(lowest temp)

25 (80°K)

36 (20°K)

75 (20°K)

38 (20°K)

4 (20°K)

15 (77.6°K)

7 (20°K)

3.5 (20°K)

22 (75°K)

48 (20°K)

10.7 (20°K)

53 (20°K)

7.5 (20°K)

5 (20°K)

80 (75°K)

Table 4.28 Impact Energy of Aluminum and AluminumAlloys in Foot-Pounds

177,

MATERIAL Impact Energy Impact Energy

(upper temp) (lowest temp)

6061-T(17)

, 10 (RT) 12 (20°K)(Charpy k-notch)

6061-T6(7)

, bar, 9 (RT) 12 (20°K)(Charpy k-notch)

6061-T6(8)

,plate, 12.5 (RT) 13 (20°K)

(Charpy v-notch)

,

longitudinal

6061-T6 (8),plate, 9 (RT) 10 (20°K)

(Charpy v-notch)

,

transverse

7039-T6(8)

,plate, 7.5 (RT) 7.5 (20°K)

(Charpy v-notch),longitudinal

7039-T6 (8),plate, 6 (RT) . 4 (20°K)

(Charpy v-notch)

,

transverse

7039-T61(8)

, plate, 13 (RT) 9 (20°K)

(Charpy v-notch),longitudinal

7039-T61(8)

, plate 8 (RT) 6 (20°K)(Charpy v-notch)

,

transverse

7075-T(17)

, 5 (RT) 5 (20°K)(Charpy k-notch)

I75-T6(7,8)

, rod,

(Charpy v-notch)

I75-T6(7,8)

, rod,

(Charpy k-notch)

I75-T6(

(Izod)

7075-T6(7,8)

, rod, 5.5 (RT) 4 (20°K)

py v-i

7075-T6(7,8)

, rod, 4 (RT) 5 (20°K)

py 1

7075-T6(7)

, extrusions 7 (RT) NO DATA

Table 4.28 Impact Energy of Aluminum and AluminumAlloys in Foot-Pounds (cont.)

178.



7079-T6(7)

, forged, 4 (RT) 3 (20°K)

(Charpy v-notch)

I5-T6 , sand ca:

(Charpy k-notch)

6-T6 , sand cai

(Charpy k-notch)

195-T6(7)

, sand cast, 2 (RT) 2 (75°K)

:rpy

356-T6(7)

, sand cast, 1 (RT) 1 (75°K)

Table 4.28 Impact Energy of Aluminum and AluminumAlloys in Foot-Pounds (cont.)

179.

MATERIAL Notched TensileStrength

Notched TensileStrength


2014-T6(8)

,

(kt=3.5)

sheet, 75500 (RT) 101000 (20°K)

2014-T6(8)

,

(kt=3.8)

sheet, 77000 (RT) 103000 (20°K)

2014-T6(8)

,

(kt=7.2)

sheet, 76000 (RT) 84000 (20°K)

2014-T6 (8),

(kt=8)

sheet, 70000 (RT) 82000 (20°K)

2014-T6(8)

,

(kt=13)

sheet, 63000 (RT) 73000 (20°K)

2014-T6(8)

,

(kfc

=21)sheet, 63500 (RT) 70000 (20°K)

2014-T651 (8>

(kt=16)

, plate, 83000 (RT) 102000 (20°K)

2219-T62(8)

(kt=3.5),

sheet,longitudinal

63000 (RT) 92000 (20°K)

2219-T62(8)

(kt=3.5),

sheet,transverse

67000 (RT) 88000 (20°K)

2219-T62(8)

, sheet,(k =8) , longitudinal

57000 (RT) 73000 (20°K)

2219-T62(8)

, sheet,(k =8), transverse

57000 (RT) 74000 (20°K)

2219-T62 (8)

(kt=21), :

sheet,.ongitudinal

47000 (RT) 67000 (20°K)

2219-T62(8)

(kt=21), 1

, sheet,:ransverse

47000 (RT) 58000 (20°K)

2219-T851(8 '

(kt=16)

,plate 84000 (RT) 106000 (4.2°K)

Table 4.29 Notched Tensile Strength of Aluminumand Aluminum Alloys in PSI

180.

MATERIAL

2618-T6(8)

, sheet,(k =3.5), longitudinal

2618-T6(8)

, sheet,

(k =3.5), transverse

2618-T6(8)

, sheet,(k =8), longitudinal

2618-T6(8)

, sheet,(k =8) , transverse

2618-T6(8)


2618-T6(8)


2618-T62(8)

, sheet,

(k =3.5), longitudinal

2618-T62(8)

, sheet,(k =3.5), transverse

2618-T62(8)


2618-T62 (8), sheet,

(k =8), transverse

2618-T651(8)

,plate

(kt=16)

5052-H38 (8), sheet,

(k =7.2), longitudinal

5052-H38(8)

, sheet,

(k =7.2), transverse

5083-0 (8 ' 24), plate,

(kt=14)


(upper temp)

64000 (RT)

63000 (RT)

60000 (RT)

57000 (RT)

57000 (RT)

55000 (RT)

64000 (RT)

64000 (RT)

59000 (RT)

57000 (RT)

82000 (RT)

46500 (RT)

50000 (RT)

50500 (RT)


(lowest temp)

89000 (20°K)

85000 (20°K)

75000 (20°K)

71000 (20°K)

71000 (20°K)

67000 (20°K)

88000 (20°K)

85000 (20°K)

71000 (20°K)

69000 (20°K)

98000 (4.2°K)

77500 (20°K)

79000 (20°K)

63000 (4.2°K)

Table 4.29 Notched Tensile Strength of Aluminumand Aluminum Alloys in PSI (cont.)

181.

MATERIAL Notched TensileStrength



5083-H39(8)


69000 (RT) 91000 (20°K)

5083-H39(8)


77000 (RT) 96000 (20°K)

5083-H113(8 ' 24)

, plate,

(kt=14)

62000 (RT) 73500 (4.2°K)

(24)5086-0 v

, plate,(k

t=14)

47000 (RT) 60000 (20°K)

5086-H34(8)

, sheet,

(k =7.2), longitudinal48000 (RT) 72000 (20°K)

5086-H34(8)

, sheet,

(k =7.2), transverse47000 (RT) 58000 (20°K)

5086-H34(8)

, sheet,(k

t=10)

47000 (RT) 65000 (20°K)

5086-H34(8)

, sheet,(k

t=ll)

89000 (RT) 86000 (20°K)

5086-H34(24)

,plate,

(kt=14)

63000 (RT) 73000 (20°K)

5154-H38(8\ sheet

(k =7.2), longitudinal49000 (RT) 77500 (20°K)

5154-H38(8)

, sheet,

(k =7.2), transverse54000 (RT) 77500 (20°K)

5456-0 (24), plate

(kt=14)

50000 (RT) 60000 (20°K)

(24)5456-H321 v ;

,plate,

(kt=14)

59000 (RT) 71000 (20°K)

6061-T6(8)

, sheet, 48000 (RT) 70000 (20°K)

(k not given)


182,

MATERIAL

6061-T651 (8),plate,

(k not given),longitudinal

6061=T651(8)

,plate,

(k not given),transverse

7002-T6(8)

(kt=7.2)

7002-T6(8)

(kfc

=7.2)

7002-T6(8)

(kt=13),

7002-T6(8)

(kt=13),

7039-T6(8)

(kt=3.5)

7039-T6(8)

(kfc

=3.5)

7039-T6(8)

7039-T6

7075-T6(8)

(kt=7.2)

7075-T6(8)

(kt=7.2)

7079-T6(8)

(kt=7.2)

plate,longitudinal

plate,transverse

plate,longitudinal

plate,transverse

sheet,longitudinal

sheet,transverse

sheet,(k =8), longitudinal

(8)sheet,

(k =8), transverse

sheet,longitudinal

sheet,transverse

sheet

,

longitudinal


(upper temp)

69000 (RT)

68000 (RT)

92000 (RT)

87000 (RT)

70000 (RT)

70000 (RT)

69000 (RT)

71000 (RT)

66000 (RT)

63000 (RT)

76000 (RT)

75000 (RT)

84000 (RT)


(lowest temp)

90000 (4.2°K)

87000 (4.2°K)

103000 (20°K)

97000 (20°K)

89000 (20°K)

81000 (20°K)

94000 (20°K)

92000 (20°K)

79000 (20°K)

69000 (20°K)

87000 (20°K)

82000 (20°K)

78000 (20°K)


183,

MATERIAL

7079-T6(8)


7079-T6(8)


7079-T6(8)


7079-T6(8)

, billet,(k =7.2), longitudinal

7079-T6(8)

, billet,(k =7.2), transverse

7178-T6(8)


7178-T6(8)


7178-T6(8)


7178-T6(8)


7178-T6(8)

,plate,

(kt=10)

354-T62(25)

,plate,

(k >16) , permanentmold cast

356-T61(8)

, cast,(k

t=16)

356-T62(25)

,plate,

(k >16) , permanentmold cast

(25)B-218-F^ , sand cast,

(kt>16)

Notched Tensile Notched TensileStrength Strength


82000 (RT) 77000 (20°K)

71000 (RT) 59000 (20°K)

62000 (RT) 43000 (20°K)

94000 (RT) 65000 (20°K)

89000 (RT) 55000 (20°K)

92000 (RT) 62000 (20°K)

84000 (RT) 56000 (20°K)

47000 (RT) 32000 (20°K)

52000 (RT) 32000 (20°K)

64000 (RT) 38000 (20°K)

54200 (RT) 57200 (20°K)

42000 (RT) 62000 (4.2°K)

46200 (RT) 63300 (20°K)

43800 (RT) 20000 (20°K)


184.

MATERIAL IMPACT ENERGY

(upper temp)

PURE COPPER

(22)Pure Copper ,

annealed (Charpyv-notch)

61 (RT)

(22)Pure Copper ,

aged, (Charpyv-notch)

90 (RT)

(22)Pure Copper ,

60% cold drawn,(Charpy v-notch)

95 (RT)

OFHC Copper (,

annealed, (Charpyk-notch)

57 (RT)

OFHC Copper(7)

,

annealed, (Izod)

42 (RT)

OFHC Copper(8)

, 95 (RT)

60% cold reduced,(Charpy v-notch)

OFHC Copper(18)

,

(Charpy key-hole)56 (RT)

COPPER-ZINC ALLOYS (BRASS)

/» 22^Commercial Bronze ' 115 (RT)

90Cu,10Zn, annealed,(Charpy v-notch)

Red Brass (8), 96 (RT)

84.7Cu,15.3Zn,14% cold reduced,(Charpy v-notch)

Admiralty Brass ' , 107 (RT)

72.5Cu,27.5An,annealed, (Charpyv-notch)

IMPACT ENERGY

(lowest temp)

72 (20°K)

115 (20°K)

83 (20°K)

72 (20°K)

50 (90°K)

83 (20°K)

72 (20°K)

117 (20°K)

76 (20°K)

109 (20°K)

Table 4.30 Impact Energy of Copper and CopperAlloys in Foot-Pounds

185.

MATERIAL

60Cu,39Zn,lSn(22)

,

annealed, (Charpyv-notch)

/ONNaval Brass ,

60.3Cu,39.7Zn,annealed,(Charpy v-notch)

COPPER-TIN ALLOYS (BRONZE)

(8)

IMPACT ENERGY

(upper temp)

37 (RT)

38 (RT)

Aluminum Bronze D

annealed,(Charpy v-notch)

(8)Nickel Aluminum

Bronze, sand cast,

(Charpy v-notch)

(8 22)Phosphor Bronze A *


(22)Phosphor Bronze D ,


COPPER SILICON ALLOYS

110 (RT)

10 (RT)

106 (RT)

50 (RT)

Silicon BronzeA^annealed,(Charpy v-notch)

(22)

112 (RT)

73 (RT)Silicon Bronzehard, (Charpyv-notch)

COPPER-NICKEL ALLOYS

Copper Nickel 10(8,22)

114.5 (RT)


IMPACT ENERGY

(lowest temp)

35 (20°K)

30 (20°K)

66 (20°K)

6 (20°K)

51 (20°K)

20 (20°K)

117 (20°K)

52 (20°K)

115.5 (20°K)

Table 4.30 Impact Energy of Copper and CopperAlloys in Foot-Pounds (cont.)

186.

MATERIAL IMPACT ENERGY

(upper temp)

72 (RT)

7 (RT)


115 (RT)


Copper-Nickel-(8)

110 (RT)

Silicon, aged,(not specified)

COPPER-BERYLLIUM ALLOYS

Beryllium Copper ,

wrought, colddrawn, 1/2 hard,97.7Cu,2Be, 0.3Co,(Charpy v-notch)

Beryllium Copper ,

wrought, colddrawn, 1/2 hard,

age hardened,97.7Cu,2Be,0.3Co,(Charpy k-notch)

Beryllium Copper , 105 (RT)

wrought, solntreated, 97.7Cu,2Be, 0.3Co,(Charpy k-notch)

Beryllium Copper , 2 (RT)

cast, solntreated, agehardened, 97.4Cu,2Be, 0.6Co,(Charpy k-notch)

Beryllium Copper(8)

, 72 (RT)

1/2 hard,(Charpy v-notch)

IMPACT ENERGY

(lowest temp)

115 (20°K)

116 (20°K)

55 (20°K)

8 (90°K)

75 (90°K)

2 (90°K)

50 (20°K)


187.

MATERIAL

Beryllium Cobalt

^

Bronze, wrought,cold drawn to

1/2 hard, 96.8Cu,2.6Co, 0.6Be,(Charpy v-notch)

Beryllium Cobalt "'

Bronze, cast,soln treated,aged hardened,96.8Cu,2.6Co,0.6Be,(Charpy k-notch)

Beryllium ZincBronze, wrought,cold drawn,

1/4 hard, agehardened, 98Cu,l.lBe,0.9Zn,(Charpy k-notch)

IMPACT ENERGY

(upper temp)

23 (RT)

IMPACT ENERGY

(lowest temp)

24 (20°K)

10 (RT) 12 (90°K)

12 (RT) 12 (90°K)


188.

MATERIAL

COPPER-ZINC ALLOYS (BRASS )

( 8 22 ^Commercial Bronze '

90Cu, lOZn, (k =4.7)

Red Brass , 84.7Cu,15.3Zn, 19% cold reduced,(k

t=4.7)

(8)Admiralty Brass ,

72.5Cu, 27.5Zn, annealed,(k

t=4.7)

(8)Naval Brass , 60.3Cu,

39.7Zn, annealed,(k

t=4.7)

COPPER-TIN ALLOYS (BRONZE)

Aluminum Bronze D(8)

(8)

annealed, (k =4.7)

Nickel Aluminum Bronzesand cast, (k =4.7)

(8 22}Phosphor Bronze A '

,

85% cold drawn, (k -4.7)

Silicon Bronze A(8)

annealed, (k =4.7)



annealed, (k =4.7)


,

annealed, (k =4.7)

Copper-Nickel-Siliconaged, (k =4.7)

(8)


(upper temp).

50000 (RT)

54000 (RT)

54000 (RT)

75000 (RT)

122000 (RT)

105000 (RT)

135000 (RT)

80000 (RT)

65000 (RT)

80000 (RT)

190000 (RT)


(lowest temp)

79000 (4.2°K)

74000 (4.2°K)

86000 (4.2°K)

115000 (4.2°K)

160000 (4.2°K)

119000 (4.2°K)

185000 (4.2°K)

121000 (4.2°K)

100000 (4.2°K)

130000 (4.2°K)

215000 (4.2°K)

Table 4.31 Notched Tensile Strength of Copperand Copper Alloys in PSI

189.

MATERIAL

Commercially Pure Nickelannealed, (Charpyv-notch)

(7)

Commercially Pure Nickel ,

annealed, (Izod)


cold drawn, (Charpyv-notch)


hot rolled, (Charpyv-notch)

(8)Inconel 718 , forging,

annealed, aged,

transverse,(Charpy v-notch)

Rene 41 , bar,

soln treated,(Charpy v-notch)

AL-718(6)

, bar, doubleannealed, (Charpy v-notch)

(8)L-605 , soln treated,

(Charpy v-notch)

Impact Energy

(upper temp)

215 (RT)

90 (RT)

185 (RT)

195 (RT)

Commercially Pure Nickel , 35 (RT)

as cast, (not specified)

Hastelloy B(

, 38 (RT)

(Charpy u-notch)

Hastelloy C(7 ' 18)

,56 (RT)

(Charpy v-notch)

Hastelloy X(8)

,76 (RT)

(Charpy v-notch)

(8)Inconel 718 , forging, 50 (RT)

annealed, aged,longitudinal,(Charpy v-notch)

20 (RT)

15 (RT)

29 (RT)

55 (RT)

Impact Energy

(lowest temp)

235 (75°K)

100 (90°K)

212 (80°K)

230 (80°K)

38 (78°K)

33 (20°K)

44 (20°K)

38 (20°K)

43 (20°K)

25 (20°K)

11 (20°K)

25 (20°K)

35 (20°K)

Table 4.32 Impact Energy of Nickel and

Nickel Alloys in Foot-Pounds

190.

MATERIAL

Hastelloy Bv

, sheet20% cold reduced, (k =7.2)

(8)Hastelloy B

v, sheet,

40% cold reduced, (k =7.2)

Hastelloy C , sheet,

20% cold reduced, (kfc

=7.2)

(8)Hastelloy C , sheet,

20% cold reduced,aged, (k

t=7.2)

Hastelloy C , sheet,soln treated, (k =7.2)

Inconel 718 , sheet,annealed and aged,

(k =7), longitudinal

Inconel 718(

, sheet,annealed and aged,

(k =7), transverse

Inconel 718 , sheet,cold reduced, aged,

(kfc

=7.2)

Inconel X , sheet,soln treated, aged,

(kt=7)

K-Monel^ , sheet,

soln treated, aged(k

t=10)

(8)Rene 41 , sheet,

soln treated, (k =7.2)

/ONRene 41 , sheet,

soln treated, (k =10)

Rene 41 , sheet,soln treated, (k =21)


(upper temp)

155000 (RT)

230000 (RT)

182000 (RT)

172000 (RT)

105000 (RT)

205000 (RT)

205000 (RT)

250000 (RT)

172000 (RT)

90000 (RT)

168000 (RT)

180000 (RT)

147000 (RT)


(lowest temp)

210000 (20°K)

300000 (20°K)

245000 (20°K)

232000 (20°K)

155000 (20°K)

255000 (20°K)

250000 (20°K)

300000 (20°K)

200000 (20°K)

130000 (20°K)

219000 (20°K)

197000 (20°K)

172000 (20°K)

Table 4.33 Notched Tensile Strength of Nickeland Nickel Alloys in PSI

191.

MATERIAL

AL-718(6)

forgingannealed, (k =6.3)

AL-718(6)

, stripcold rolled, (k

t=6.5)

AL-718(6)

strip,

cold rolled, aged,(k

t=6.3)

D-979(8)

sheet,annealed, (k =3,

D-979(8)

, sheet,annealed, (k =8)

L-605(8)

, sheet,annealed, (k =8)

5)

L-605(8)

sheet,

20% cold reduced,(k

t=7.2)

L-605(8)

sheet,

40% cold reduced,(k

t=7.2)

R-235(8)

sheet,

soln treated,(k

t=7.2)


(upper temp)

271000 (RT)

NO DATA

182000 (RT)

146000 (RT)

130000 (RT)

115000 (RT)

170000 (RT)

240000 (RT)

97000 (RT)


(lowest temp)

308000 (20°K)

316000 (20°K)

236000 (77.6°K)

200000 (20°K)

169000 (20°K)

200000 (20°K)

270000 (20°K)

280000 (20°K)

140000 (20°K)

Table 4.33 Notched Tensile Strength of Nickel

and Nickel Alloys in PSI (cont.)

192.

MATERIAL

CONSTRUCTION STEEL

AISI/SAE 1043(21)

, plate,(unnotched)

AISI/SAE 2330(7\ quenched,

tempered, (Charpy k-notch)

AISI/SAE 2330(7\

normalized, (Charpy

k-notch)

AISI/SAE 2800^ , doublenormalized, stressrelieved, (Charpyv-notch)

AISI/SAE 4340(8)

,quenched,

tempered, (Charpy

v-notch)

AISI/SAE 8630(7)

,

normalized, (Charpy,

k-notch)

AISI/SAE 8630', quenched,tempered, (Charpy

k-notch)

9% Ni Steel"'

tdouble

normalized, stressrelieved, (Charpy k-notch)

9% Ni Steel(11)

, doublenormalized, tempered,(Charpy v-notch)

9% Ni Steel' , quenchedtempered, (Charpyv-notch

18% Ni Maraging Steel (,

soln treated, aged,

(Charpy v-notch)

Impact Energy

(upper temp)

145 (RT)

36 (RT)

18 (RT)

112 (RT)

12 (RT)

29 (RT)

39 (RT)

48 (RT)

100 (RT)

99 (RT)

23 (RT)

Impact Energy

(lowest temp)

(77°K)

17 (20°K)

3 (20°K)

30 (20°K)

5 (20°K)

3 (20°K)

5 (20°K)

21 (20°K)

25 (20°K)

36 (20°K)

17 (20°K)

Table 4.34 Impact Energy of FerrousMaterials in Foot-Pounds

193.

MATERIAL

INVAR^, bar, coldreduced, (Charpy k-notch)

STAINLESS STEEL-AUSTENITIC

AISI 303(8)

, bar,cold reduced,(Charpy k-notch)

Impact Energy

(upper temp)

26 (RT)

50 (RT)

AISI 304 v, annealed, 78 (RT)

(Charpy k-notch)

AISI 304(7)

, cold drawn 26 (RT)

to 210000 UTS,(Charpy k-notch)

AISI 304(8)

, bar, cold 25 (RT)

drawn to 211000 UTS,(Charpy k-notch)

AISI 304(6)

,plate, 110 (RT)

(Charpy v-notch)

AISI 310^, plate, 100 (RT)

(Charpy v-notch)

AISI 316(6)

, plate, 110 (RT)

(Charpy v-notch)

CAST STAINLESS STEEL

CF-8, annealed(Charpy k-notch)

75 (RT)

Impact Energy

(lowest temp)

20 (20°K)

42 (20°K)

80 (20°K)

26 (20°K)

25 (20°K)

90 (20°K)

80 (20°K)

90 (20°K)

52 (20°K)

Table 4.34 Impact Energy of Ferrous Materialsin Foot-Pounds (cont.)

194.

MATERIAL

CONSTRUCTION STEEL

18% Ni Maraging Steel(8)





,

soln treated, aged,(k

t=7.2)


AISI 301(8)

, sheet,3/4 hard, (k

t=7.2),

longitudinal

AISI 301(8)

, sheet,

3/4 hard, (kfc=7.2),

transverse

AISI 301(8)

extra fullhard, (k =7.2)

AISI 304(8)

, sheet,extra low carbon,full hard, (k =3.8),longitudinal

AISI 304(8)

, sheet,extra low carbon,full hard, (k =3.8),transverse

AISI 304(8)

, sheet,extra low carbon,full hard, (k =7.2),longitudinal

AISI 304(

, sheet,extra low carbon,full hard, (k =7.2),transverse


(upper temp)

180000 (RT)

210000 (RT)

330000 (RT)

200000 (RT)

187500 (RT)

240000 (RT)

190000 (RT)

220000 (RT)

200000 (RT)

220000 (RT)


(lowest temp)

330000 (20°K)

130000 (20°K)

260000 (20°K)

248000 (20°K)

152500 (20°K)

310000 (20°K)

315000 (20°K)

365000 (20°K)

315000 (20°K)

335000 (20°K)

Table 4.35 Notched Tensile Strength of FerrousMaterials in PSI

195.

MATERIAL

AISI 304(8)

, sheet,extra low carbon,full hard, (k

t=21)

,

longitudinal

AISI 304(8)

, sheet,extra low carbon,full hard, (k =21),transverse

AISI 304l/6\ strip

cold rolled,full hard, (k

fc

=6.3)

AISI 310(8)

, sheet,

75% cold reduced,(k

t=3.8), longitudinal

AISI 310(8)

, sheet,

75% cold reduced,(k =3.8), transverse

AISI 310(8)

, sheet,

75% cold reduced,(k =7.2), longitudinal

AISI 310^, sheet,

75% cold reduced,(k =7.2), transverse

AISI 310(

, sheet,75% cold reduced,(k =21), longitudinal

AISI 310(8)

, sheet,

75% cold reduced,(k =21), transverse

AISI 310(6)

, strip,cold rolled, extrahard, (k

t=6.3)


(upper temp)

170000 (RT)

144000 (RT)

192000 (RT)

200000 (RT)

215000 (RT)

200000 (RT)

200000 (RT)

160000 (RT)

120000 (RT)

197000 (RT)


(lowest temp)

240000 (20°K)

208000 (20°K)

302000 (20°K)

340000 (20°K)

385000 (20°K)

330000 (20°K)

330000 (20°K)

210000 (20°K)

190000 (20°K)

312000 (20°K)

Table 4.35 Notched Tensile Strength of FerrousMaterials in PSI (cont.)

196.

MATERIAL

AISI 347(8)

, plate,annealed, (k =6.3)

A-286 , soln treated,(k

t=3.5)

A-286 v, soln treated,

(kt=7.2)

/ONA-286 , soln treated,

(kt=10)

(8)AM-350 , sub-zero cooled,

tempered, (k =6.6)

AM-355 (, sheet,

cold rolled, tempered,(k =7.2), longitudinal

AM-355(8)

, sheet,cold rolled, tempered,(k =7.2), transverse


(upper temp)

105000 (RT)

185000 (RT)

135000 (RT)

80000 (RT)

80000 (RT)

255000 (RT)

230000 (RT)


(lowest temp)

195000 (4.2°K)

255000 (20°K)

200000 (20°K)

130000 (20°K)

210000 (20°K)

125000 (20°K)

125000 (20°K)

Table 4.35 Notched Tensile Strength of FerrousMaterials in PSI (cont.)

197.



TITANIUM-ALPHA

Commercially Pure T:T , 14 (RT) 4 (20°K)annealed, (Charpyk-notch)

Commercially Pure Ti'8

, 60 (RT) 12 (20°K)annealed, 40000 PSI yield,longitudinal, (Charpyv-notch)

Commercially Pure Ti(8)

, 46 (RT) 14 (20°K)annealed, 40000 PSI yield,transverse, (charpyv-notch)

Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (8), normal 23 (RT) 8' (20°K)

interstitial, annealed,(Charpy v-notch)

TITANIUM-ALPHA-BETA

Ti-4Al-4Mn(7\ annealed, 10 (RT) 3 (20°K)

(Charpy k-notch)

Ti-6A1-4V (8), soln 17 (RT) 12 (20°K)

treated, aged,(Charpy v-notch)

Ti-6A1-4V (8), normal 22 (RT) 8 (20°K)


Ti-6A1-4V(8\ extra low 18 (RT) 12 (20°K)


TITANIUM-BETA

Ti-13V-llCr-3Al(8)

,5 (RT) 3 (20°K)

soln treated,(Charpy v-notch)

Table 4.36 Impact Energy of Titanium and

Titanium Alloys in Foot-Pounds

198.

MATERIAL

TITANIUM-ALPHA

Commercially Pure Tiannealed, (k =6.3)

Commercially Pure Ti

annealed, (k =7.2)

Commercially Pure Ti

(8)

(8)

(8)

annealed, (k =13.6)

Ti-5Al-2.5Sn^ , sheet,annealed, (k =3)

Ti-5Al-2.5Sn(8)

, sheet,

annealed, extra lowinterstitial, (k

t=7.2)

Ti-5Al-2.5Sn(8)

, sheet,

annealed, extra lowinterstitial, (k =21)

Ti-5Al-2.5Sn(8)

, sheet,

annealed, normalinterstitial, (k =3.5)

Ti-5Al-2.5Sn(8)

, sheet,annealed, normalinterstitial, (k =7.2)

Ti-5Al-2.5Sn(8\ sheet,

annealed, normalinterstitial, (k

t=21)

Ti-7Al-12Zr (8), sheet,

(k =7. 2), longitudinal

Ti-7Al-12Zr(8)


Ti-8Al-lMo-lV(8)

, sheet,annealed, (k =3.5)

Ti-8Al-lMo-lV(8)

, sheet

,

annealed, (k =7.2)


(upper temp)

150000 (RT)

100000 (RT)

75000 (RT)

175000 (RT)

150000 (RT)

115000 (RT)

160000 (RT)

150000 (RT)

125000 (RT)

175000 (RT)

180000 (RT)

175000 (RT)

155000 (RT)


(lowest temp)

235000 (20°K)

160000 (20°K)

125000 (20°K)

295000 (20°K)

230000 (20°K)

120000 (20°K)

270000 (20°K)

180000 (20°K)

110000 (20°K)

140000 (20°K)

155000 (20°K)

280000 (20°K)

180000 (20°K)

Table 4.37 Notched Tensile Strength of Titaniumand Titanium Alloys in PSI

199.

MATERIAL

Ti-8Al-lMo-lV (8), sheet

,

annealed, (k =8)

TI-8AI-IM0-IV (8), sheet

,

annealed, (k =10)

Ti-8Al-lMo-lV^ , sheet

,

duplex annealed, (k =3.5)

Ti-8Al-lMo-lV (8), sheet,

duplex annealed, (k =8)

Ti-8Al-2Cb-lTa(8)

, sheet,annealed, (k =7.2),longitudinal

Ti-8Al-2Cb-lTa(8)

, sheet,annealed, (k =7.2),transverse

TITANIUM-ALPHA-BET

A

Ti-6A1-4V (5)

annealed,

Ti-6A1-4V(8)

extra low interstitial,annealed,

T1-6A1-4V (8)

T1-6A1-4V (8)

Ti-6A1-4V (8)

sheet,

kt=3)

sheet,

kt=3.5)

sheet

,

extra low interstitial,annealed

,

kfc

=7.2)

sheet,extra low interstitial,annealed, k

t=8)

sheet

,

extra low interstitial,annealed, k

t=21)

TITANIUM-BETA

Ti-13V-llCr-3Al(8)

, sheet,



(upper temp)

150000 (RT)

145000 (RT)

170000 (RT)

160000 (RT)

151000 (RT)

151000 (RT)

162000 (RT)

170000 (RT)

165000 (RT)

160000 (RT)

135000 (RT)

195000 (RT)


(lowest temp)

140000 (20°K)

140000 (20°K)

250000 (20°K)

160000 (20°K)

207000 (20°K)

192000 (20°K)

300000 (20°K)

300000 (20°K)

190000 (20°K)

175000 (20°K)

110000 (20°K)

100000 (20°K)

Table 4.37 Notched Tensile Strength of Titaniumand Titanium Alloys in PSI (cont.)

200.

MATERIAL Notched Tensile Notched TensileStrength Strength


Ti-13V-llCr-3Al(8\ sheet, 165000 (RT) 130000 (20°K)


Ti-13V-llCr-3Al (8), sheet, 155000 (RT) 90000 (20°K)


Table 4.37 Notched Tensile Strength of Titaniumand Titanium Alloys in PSI (cont.)

201.



MAGNESIUM AND MAGNESIUM ALLOYS

Commercially Pure Magnesium ,

extruded, (Charpy k-notch)3 (RT) 3.5 (20°K)

Commercially Pure Magnesium ,

cast, (Charpy k-notch)3 (RT) 3 (20°K)

AZ31B-0(7,20)

, (Charpy v-notch) 5.9 (RT) 3 (20°K)

AZ31B^ , extruded,(Charpy k-notch)

4 (RT) 4 (20°K)

HM21A-T8(7 ' 20)

, (Charpyv-notch)

1.5 (RT) 1.25 (20°K)

HK31A-01(7,2°\ (Charpy

v-notch)4 (RT) 3.3 (20°K)

ZK60A-T5^ , extruded(Charpy v-notch)

5 (RT) 3 (20°K)

ZE10A-H10(7 ' 20)

,(Charpy

v-notch)7 (RT) 4.7 (20°K)

HM31A-F(20)

,

(Charpy v-notch)4.6 (RT) 4.3 (77°K)

OTHER METALS

Commercially Pure Lead(Charpy k-notch)

12 (RT) 24 (20°K)

Table 4.38 Impact Energy of MiscellaneousMetals in Foot-Pounds

202.

MATERIAL

Tantalum , bar

,

wrought, stressrelieved, (k =3)

Tantalum , bar,recrystallized, (k =3)

Columbium , bar,wrought, stressrelieved, (k =3)

Columbium , bar,recrystallized, (k =3)


(upper temp)

95000 (RT)

54000 (RT)

67000 (RT)

46000 (RT)


(lowest temp)

293000 (20°K)

197000 (20°K)

258000 (20°K)

136000 (20°K)

Table 4.39 Notched Tensile Strength of

Miscellaneous Metals in PSI

203.



COMPOSITE MATERIALS

TFE Teflon(8\ sheet, 2.2 (RT) 1 (20°K)

15% graphite filled,

(Izod)

TFE Teflon(8)

, sheet, 2 (RT) 1.25 (20°K)

65% bronze filled,(Izod)

TFE Teflon

^

8), sheet, 1.5 (RT) 0.8 (20°K)

25% asbestos filled,(Izod)

FEP Teflon(8)

, sheet, 38 (RT) 25 (20°K)

116 glass cloth reinf.,through fabric, (izod)

FEP Teflon(8)

, sheet 29 (RT) 18 (20°K)

116 glass cloth reinf.,with fabric, (izod)

TFE Teflon(8\ sheet, 12 (RT) 11 (20°K)

128 glass cloth reinf.,through fabric, (izod)

TFE Teflon(8)

, sheet, 1.5 (RT) 0.5 (20°K)

128 glass cloth reinf.,with fabric, (izod)

POLYMERS

Nylon(8)

, Type 101, 0.5 (RT) 0.6 (20°K)

sheet, (Izod)

TFE Teflon(8)

, sheet, 2 (RT) 1.7 (20°K)

52.5-71% crystallinity,(Izod)

KEL-F(8)

, sheet, 1.25 (RT) 1.4 (20°K)

60-70% crystallinity,(Izod)

Table 4.40 Impact Energy of Composite Materials and

Polymers in Foot-Pounds per Inch of Notch

204.

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(upper temp)

ENDURANCE LIMIT

(lowest temp)

(23)5054-H32 v ;

,

bar, axial,R=0

5083-H113(23\

bar, axial,R=0

5086-H32(23)

,

bar, axial,R=0

5456-H321(23)

,

bar, axial,R=0

28000 (RT)

35000 (RT)

34000 (RT)

35000 (RT)

36000 (77.6°K)

40000 (77.6°K)

40000 (77.6°K)

40000 (77.6°K)

Table 4.52 Endurance Limit of Aluminum Alloys in PSI

221.

MATERIAL k (upper temp) k (lowest temp)

1100-0 (8)122 (RT) 27 (4.2°K)

1100-F(8 ' 9) 121 (RT) 28.5 (4.2°K)

2014-T6(8)

94 (RT) 28 (20°K)

2024-T4(8 ' 9)

64 (205°K) 1.5 (4.2°K)

2219-T87 (8)68 (RT) 25 (47°K)

3003-F(8 ' 9) 88.5 (116°K) 1.5 (4.2°K)

5052-0 (8 ' 9,13)77 (211°K) 2.8 (4.2°K)

5083-0 (8)39 (122°K) 3 (4.2°K)

5086-F(8)

41 (122°K) 3 (4.2°K)

5154-0 (8,9,13) 72 (122°K) 2.1 (4.2°K)

6063-T5(9 ' 13) 117.8 (RT) 20.4 (4.2°K)

7039-T61(8 ' 13) 87 (RT) 3.09 (4.2°K)

7075-T6(8)

73 (RT) 11 (4.2°K)

Table 4.53 Thermal Conductivity of Aluminumand Aluminum Alloys in BTU/HR-FT-°F

222,


PURE COPPER

(9)ETP Copper ' 240 (RT) 180 (4.2°K)

OFHC Copper(8)

220 (RT) 575 (20°K)

99.999% Pure Copper (8)0.2 (RT) 6 (4.2°K)

COPPER-ZINC ALLOYS (BRASSES )

98 Cu, 2 Zn(13)

150.3 (100°K) 28.9 (10°K)

(13)95 Cu, 5 Zn v '

98.3 (95°K) 17.3 (10°K)

(13)Alpha Brass K JJ

31.8 (90°K) 2.3 (4.2°K)68Cu,32Zn

Leaded Brass(13)

30 (120°K) 1.27 (4.2°K)60.03Cu,35.7Zn,3.27Pb,lSn

Silber Bronze(13)

31.2 (20°K) .64 (4.2°K)46Cu,41Zn,13Ni

COPPER-TIN ALLOYS (BRONZES )

(131Phosphor Bronze v

' 14.5 (80°K) 0.98 (4.2°K)93.3Cu,6.46Sn, . 3P

COPPER-SILICON ALLOYS

Silicon Bronze(13)

7.5 (90°K) 1.4 (17°K)


Constantan(13)

13.3 (RT) 5.5 (25°K)55Cu,45Ni

MISCELLANEOUS COPPER ALLOYS

95.5 Cu, 4.5 Au(13)

50 (95°K) 14 (20°K)

90.3 Cu, 9.7 Au(13)

26.6 (100°K) 13.9 (20°K)

Table 4.54 Thermal Conductivity of Copperand Copper Alloys in BTU/HR-FT-°F

223.

MATERIAL

98.94 Cu, 1.04 Pb

Manganin85Cu,12Mn,3Ni

(13)

k (upper temp)

242.8 (80°K)

7.2 (80°K)

k (lowest temp)

161.9 (6°K)

0.35 (5°K)

Table 4.54 Thermal Conductivity of Copper and

Copper Alloys in BTU/HR-FT-°F (cont.)

224.


PURE NICKEL

99.999% Pure Nickel(8,9) 50 (RT) 100 (4.2°K)annealed

NICKEL ALLOYS

(9)Monel v

' , annealed 12 (RT) 0.52 (4.2°K)hot rolled

(9)Monel , hard 12 (RT) 0.31 (4.2°K)

drawn, coldrolled

Inconel(8 ' 9)

, 9 (RT) 0.65 (4.2°K)annealed

Inconel (9)5.5 (80°K) 0.17 (4.2°K)

hard drawn

Inconel X(8)

6.8 (RT) 0.1 (4.2°K)

soln treated,double aged

Inconel 718(8)

6.3 (RT) 0.4 (4.2°K)

Hastelloy X(8)

6.4 (RT) 0.4 (4.2°K)

Table 4.55 Thermal Conductivity of Nickeland Nickel Alloys in BTU/HR-FT-°F


225.

IRON

(9)99.999% Pure Iron

CONSTRUCTION STEELS

SAE 1020(13)

(16)

47 (RT)

,038 (RT)

SAE 1095'""' .1

STAINLESS STEEL-MARTENSITIC

AISI 410(8)

16


AISI 303

AISI 304

AISI 347

(8)

(8)

(8)

(RT)

(RT)

42 (4.2°K)

0.016 (26°K)

0.02 (20°K)

2.5 (20°K)

5 (77.6°K) 0.25 (4,2°K)

9 (RT) 0.2 (4.2°K)

8.5 (RT) 0.2 (4.2°K)

Table 4.56 Thermal Conductivity of FerrousMaterials in BTU/HR-FT-°F

226.


TITANIUM-ALPHA

Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (8)4.7 (RT) 0.4 (4.2°K)

99.99% Pure Ti (8)13 (RT) 4 (4.2°K)

TITANIUM-ALPHA BETA

Ti-6A1-4V (8)4.3 (RT) 0.7 (20°K)

Table 4.57 Thermal Conductivity of Titaniumand Titanium Alloys in BTU/HR-FT-°F

227.

MATERIAL

99.99% Pure Silverannealed

(9)

99.99% Pure Goldannealed

(9)

k (upper temp)

240 (RT)

190 (RT)

98% Pure Zirconium 24 (40°K)

99.98% Pure Tantalum 35 (100°K)

k (lowest temp)

8000 (4.2°K)

960 (4.2°K)

7 (4.2°K)

8.7 (4.2°K)

Table 4.58 Thermal Conductivity of MiscellaneousMetals in BTU/HR-FT-°F

228.


Epoxy Fiberglass^ ' 0.42 (RT) 0.05 (20°K)Laminate E787 Resin,S/901 glass roving

Epoxy Fiberglass 0.1 (RT) 0.02 (20°K)Laminate EPON 828Resin, S/901 glassroving

Table A. 59 Thermal Conductivity of CompositeMaterials in BTU/HR-FT-°F

229.

MATERIAL

(9)

k (upper temp)

Teflon v', extruded 0.14 (80°K)

0.055 (20°K)(9)

Nylon , drawn,monofilament

C9")Perspex v

, organic 0.05 (24°K)

glass thermo-plastic

Mylar(8)

, 0.014 inch 0.6 (RT)

sheet

Plexiglas(13)

Polyethylene(13)

0.0491 (72°K)

0.0346 (10°K)

k. (lowest temp)

0.03 (4.2°K)

0.007 (4.2°K)

0.035 (4.2°K)

0.3 (20°K)

0.0329 (4.2°K)

0.0104 (4.2°K)

Table 4.60 Thermal Conductivity ofPolymers in BTU/HR-FT-°F

230.

MATERIAL

Glass - averageof quartz, pyrexand borosilicateglasses

k (upper temp)

0.56 (RT)

k (lowest temp)

0.06 (4.2°K)

Table 4.61 Thermal Conductivity of Glassin BTU/HR-FT-°F

231.

MATERIAL

(9,12)Pure Aluminum

(9,12)Pure Copper

Pure Nickel

(12)

(9,12)

Monel

a-Iron

Y-Iron

(9,12)

(9,12)

18-8 Stainless Steel(12)

74 Y-iron, 18 Cr, 8 Ni

(9)Pure Titanium

(12)Pure Magnesium

(12)Pure Chromium

Teflon-Molded (9)

(9)Polyethylene

c (upper temp)

0.2125 (RT)

0.0837 (RT)

0.1055 (RT)

0.1029 (RT)

0.1035 (RT)

0.118 (RT)

0.114 (RT)

0.11 (RT)

0.235 (RT)

0.1073 (RT)

0.22 (RT)

0.54 (RT)

c (lowest temp)

0.065 (4.2°K)

0.022 (4.2°K)

0.0012 (4.2°K)

0.0014 (20°K)

0.000095 (4.2°K)

0.0012 (20°K)

0.0011 (20°K)

0.00008 (4.2°K)

0.004 (20°K)

0.0006 (20°K)

0.0001 (5°K)

0.088 (60°K)

Table 4.62 Constant Pressure Specific Heat of

Various Materials in BTU/LBM°F

232.

MATERIAL a (upp

Pure Aluminum (RT)

noo-o (8)(RT)

2014-T6(8)

(RT)

2020-T6(8)

(RT)

2024-T86(8)

(RT)

2219-T87(8)

(RT)

5456-H343 (8)(RT)

6061-T6 (8)(RT)

7039-T6 (8)(RT)

7075-T6 (8)(RT)

356-T6(8)

,(RT)

permanent moldcasting

TENS-50(8)

(RT)

a (lowest temp)

0.00415 (4.2°K)

0.00405 (20°K)

0.0042 (20°K)

0.0041 (20°K)

0.0042 (20°K)

0.0042 (20°K)

0.0043 (20°K)

0.00415 (20°K)

0.0042 (20°K)

0.0042 (20°K)

0.0039 (20°K)

-0.0039 (20°K)

Table 4.63 Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient ofAluminum and Aluminum Alloys in Inchesper Inch

233.

MATERIAL a (uppe:r tem

(9)Pure Copper (RT)

(8)Pure Copper (RT)

annealed

70/30 Brass(8)

(RT)

3/4 hard

(12)Yellow Brass K

' 0.00397 (RT)

free machining

Beryllium Copper(8)

(RT)

a (lowest temp)

-0.00327 (4.2°)

-0.00325 (20°K)

-0.00375 (20°K)

(0°K)

-0.0031 (20°K)

Table 4.64 Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient ofCopper and Copper Alloys in Inches per Inch

234.

MATERIAL a (uppe c temp) a (lowest temp)

(9)Pure Nickel K J

(RT) -0.00225 (4.2°K)

Pure Nickel (

,(RT) -0.0023 (20°K)

annealed

Monel(12)

0.00261 (RT) (0°K)

,(13)Inconel 0.00238 (RT) (0°K)

,(8)Inconel , (RT) -0.0023 (20°K)

annealed

Inconel X(8)

(RT) -0.0025 (20°K)

soln treated,

aged

Inconel 718(8)

(RT) -0.00235 (20°K)

K-Monel (, soln (RT) -0.0025 (20°K)

treated, aged

S-Monel(8)

,(RT) -0.0025 (20°K)

annealed

Hastelloy B^ , (RT) -0.0019 (20°K)

annealed

Rene 41(8)

,(RT) -0.0022 (20°K)

soln treated

(Q)D-979 v

, annealed (RT) -0.00235 (20°K)

L-605(8)

(RT) -0.00215 (20°K)

Table 4.65 Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient of

Nickel and Nickel Alloys in Inches per Inch

235.

MATERIAL

IRON

a (upper temp)

Iron(9 >

(RT)

CONSTRUCTION STEELS

0. 0021SAE 1020(12)

(RT)

SAE 1075(8)

quenched andtempered

(RT)

SAE 4340(8)

,

annealed(RT)

9% Nickel Steel(8)

double normalizedand tempered

(RT)

9% Nickel Steel(11)

double normalizedand stress relieved

(RT)

STAINLESS STEELS--MARTENS IT IC

AISI 410(8)

(RT)

AISI 416(8)

(RT)

AISI 440C(8)

(RT)

17-4PH-H1100 (8)(RT)

STAINLESS STEELS--AUSTENITIC

AISI 302(8,11)

,

cold drawn(RT)

AISI 303(8)

,

annealed(RT)

AISI 304(12)

0. 00304 (RT)

a (lowest temp)

-0.00198 (4.2°K)

(0°K)

-0.00195 (20°K)

-0.00193 (20°K)

-0.0021 (20°K)

-0.0019 (4.2°K)

-0.00175 (20°K)

-0.0018 (20°K)

-0.0018 (20°K)

-0.0019 (20°K)

-0.0031 (20°K)

-0.003 (20°K)

(0°K)

Table 4.66 Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient ofFerrous Materials in Inches per Inch

236.

MATERIAL

AISI 304(8,11)

annealed

AISI 310(8)

,

annealed

AISI 321(8)

,

annealed

(8)AISI 347

annealed

A-286(8)

, solntreated, aged

17-7PH-TH1050 (8)

a (upper temp)

(RT)

(RT)

(RT)

(RT)

(RT)

(RT)

a (lowest temp)

-0.003 (20°K)

-0.00285 (20°K)

-.0029 (20°K)

-0.003 (20°K)

-0.0029 (20°K)

-0.00225 (20°K)

Table 4.66 Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient ofFerrous Materials in Inches per Inch (cont.)

237,

MATERIAL a (upper temp) a (lowest temp)

TITANIUM-ALPHA

Ti-5Al-2.5Sn(8)

normal interstitial,annealed

(RT) -0.00175 (20°K)

Ti-8Al-lM0-lV(8)

(RT) -0.0016 (20°K)annealed

Pure Titanium

^

12)0.00155 (RT) (0°K)

TITANIUM-ALPHA-BETA

Ti-6A1-4V(8)

,(RT) -0.0017 (20°K)

normal interstitial,annealed

TITANIUM-BETA

Ti-13V-llCr-3Alsoln treated

(8)(RT) -0.0016 (20°K)

Table 4.67 Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient of

Titanium and Titanium Alloys in Inchesper Inch

238.

MATERIAL a (upper temp) a (lowest . temp)

Pure Silver

'

7 'CRT) -0.00413 (4.2°K)

Elgiloy(8)

,(RT) -0.00255 (20°K)

45% cold reduction

Ni-SPAN-C(8)

,(RT) -0.0013 (20°K)

soln treated,aged

(12)Pure Magnesium 0. 00503 (RT) (0°K)

(12)Pure Zinc v '

0. 00572 (RT) (0°K)

Table 4.68 Linear Thermal Expansion "Coefficient of

Miscellaneous Metals in Inches per Inch

239.

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MATERIAL a (upper temp)

Nylon, FM-1 (8)CRT)

Mylar(8)

(RT)

FEP Teflon(8)

(RT)

TFE Teflon(8)

(RT)

KEL-F (8)(RT)

(12)Cast Phenolic Rod v '

0. 00889 (RT)

Nylon Rod^12 ^

0. 01107 (RT)

(12)Fluorothene 0. 01187 (RT)

(12)Polystyrene 0. 01566 (RT)

(12)Polyfluoroethylene 0. 02695 (RT)

Epon 828/DSA/1040/ (27)

BDMA (100/115.9/20/1)

(RT)

Epon 828/DSA/BOHET/^27 ^0

BDMA (100/134/26/1)(RT)

Epon 826/Epon 871/(27)

(RT)

a (lowest temp)

L-100/MDCA (35/15/50/27.6)

Epon 826/1040/Z-6077/27)

DSA/BDMA (80/20/20/115.9/1)

-0.0139 (20°K)

-0.007 (20°K)

-0.018 (20°K)

-0.0215 (20°K)

-0.011 (20°K)

(0°K)

(0°K)

(0°K)

(0°K)

(0°K)

-0.015 (20°K)

-0.016 (20°K)

-0.015 (20°K)

(RT) -0.0162 (20°K)

Table 4.70 Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficientof Polymers in Inches per Inch

245.

MATERIAL p (upper temp) p (lowest temp)

.1 4 (10)Pure Aluminum

1100-0 (8)

2024-T4(8)

2024-T4(26)

2024-T6(26)

5052-0 (8)

5083-0(26) I

7039-0(26)

2.53 x lO"8

(RT) 1.695 x 1010

(4.2°K)

1.27 x lO"8

(155. 4°K)-9

2 x 10 (4.2°K)

3.35 x icf8

(49.8°K) 3.1 x 10"8 (4.2°K)

4.35 x lO"8

(273°K) 1.742 x 10"8 (4.2°K)

4 x lO"8

(273°K) 1.337 x 10~8 (4.2°K)

2.6 x lO"8

(99.8°K) 2 x 10" 8 (4.2°K)

5.66 x lO"8

(273°K) 3.03 x 10"8 (4.2°K)

4.75 x lO"8

(273°K) 2.12 x 10" 8 (4.2°K)

Table 4.71 Electrical Resistivity of Aluminum andAluminum Alloys in Ohm-Meters

246.


PURE COPPER

Pure Copper(10)

1.55 x 10"8 (RT) 1.86 x lO"11

(4.2°K)

OFHC Copper(26)

1.559 x 10~8 (273°K) 1.6 x 10-1°

(4.2°K)

COPPER-ZINC ALLOYS (BRASS)

70/30 Brass(26)

6.65 x 10_8

(273°K) 4.22 x 10~ 8 (4.2°K)

Admiralty Brass(26)

6.93 x 10~8 (273°K) 4.56 x 10_8

(4.2°K)

Table 4.72 Electrical Resistivity of Copperand Copper Alloys in Ohm-Meters

247.


Nickel(10)

6.14 x l(f8 (RT) 3.07 x 10_1° (4.2°K)

Hastelloy N(26)

1.206 x 10~ 6 (273°K) 1.201 x lO-6

(4.2°K)

Hastelloy X(26)

1.138 x 10~ 6 (273°K) 1.076 x 10_6

(4.2°K)

1.245 x 10" 6 (273°K) 1.209 x 10_6

(4.2°K)

1.229 x 10" 6 (273°K) 1.176 x 10" 6 (4.2°K)

conel x(26)

annealed

conel x(26)

aged

Table 4.73 Electrical Resistivity of Nickeland Nickel Alloys in Ohm-Meters

248.


PURE IRON

Iron(10)

8.6 x 10"8 (RT) * " - 1°" ]


AISI 304L(26)

7.04 x 10~ 7(273°K)

AISI 321(26)

7.39 x 10_7

(273°K)

17-7PH(26

J 1.015 x 10~ 6(273°K)

annealed

17-7PH(26)

,7.09 x 10~7

(273°K)precipitationhardened

5.59 x 10 (4.2°K)

4.96 x lO"7

(4.2°K)

5.36 x lO"7

(4.2°K)

9.68 x io"7

(4.2°K)

5.75 x lO"7

(4.2°K)

Table 4.74 Electrical Resistivity of FerrousMaterials in Ohm-Meters

249.


TITANIUM-ALPHA

Titanium(10)

TITANIUM-ALPHA-BETA

Ti-6A1-4V(26)

TITANIUM-BETA

Ti-13V-llCr-3Al

OTHER METALS

(26)

Tantalum(10)

Zirconium(10)

-7 -88 x 10 (RT) 8 x 10 (4.2°K)

1.675 x 10" 6 (273°K) 1.469 x 10~6 (20°K)

1.492 x 10"6 (273°K) 1.567 x 106

(4.2°K)

1.24 x 10"7(RT) 2.48 x 10~9 (4.2°K)

4.1 x 10" 7(RT) 1.64 x 10"8 (4.2°K)

Table 4.75 Electrical Resistivity of Titanium andTitanium Alloys and Other Metals in Ohm-Meters

250.

MATERIAL y at 295''K y at 77°K y at 4.2''K

AISI 304(28)

1.25761 x 10-6 1.25747 x lO-6

NO DATA

AISI 304L(28)

1.25782 x 10-6 1.25762 x 10" 6 NO DATA

AISI 310(28)

1.25668 x 10-6 1.25678 x 10" 6 1.25802 x 10

AISI 321(28)

1.25703 x 10-6 1.25707 x 10-6

1.25703 x 10

Tenelon(28)

1.25666 x 10-6 1.25666 x lO"6

NO DATA

-6

-6

Table 4.76 Magnetic Permeability of Austenitic Stainless

Steels in Webers Per Amp-Turn-Meter

251.

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR DATA TABLES

5. Campbell, J. E. , Review of Current Data on the Tensile Propertiesof Metals at Very Low Temperatures , Battelle MemorialInstitute, DMIC Report No. 148, (February 14, 1961).

6. Lena, Adolph J., Letter to Professor Koichi Masubuchi, OceanEngineering Department, M.I.T., from Vice-President,Research, Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Brackenridge,Pennsylvania, (April 2, 1970).

7. McClintock, R. M. and H. P. Gibbons, Mechanical Properties of

Structural Materials at Low Temperatures , NBS Monograph 13,

U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. , (1960).

8. Schwartzberg, F. R. , et al., Cryogenic Materials Data Handbook ,

Volume I and Volume II , National Technical InformationService, Springfield, Virginia, (1970).

9. Johnson, Victor J., ed. , A Compendium of the Properties of Materialsat Low Temperatures , Phase I , Part II , Properties of Solids ,

National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia,(October, 1960).

10. Johnson, Victor J., ed., A Compendium of the Properties of Materialsat Low Temperatures , Phase II , National Technical InformationService, Springfield, Virginia, (December, 1961).

11. Low Temperature and Cryogenic Steels , Materials Manual , UnitedStates Steel Corporation, ADUSS-01-1206, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania, (1964).

12. Scott, Russell B., Cryogenic Engineering , D. Van Nostrand Company,Inc., Princeton, N. J., (1967).

13. Childs, E. , Lewis J. Ericks and Robert L. Powell, ThermalConductivity of Solids at Room Temperature and Below ,

NBS Monograph 131 , National Technical Information Service,Springfield, Virginia, (September, 1973).

16. Johnson, H. L. , W. Powers, et al. , "Accurate Measurement of CertainPhysical Properties Down to 20°K", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 1 , Plenum Press, New York, (1960), pp. 267-273.

17. Kropschot, R. H. , R. M. McClintock and D. A. Van Gundy, "MechanicalProperties of Some Engineering Materials Between 20°K and 300°K",Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 2 , Plenum Press, New York,

(1960), pp. 93-99.

252.

18. Mikesell, R. P. and R. P. Reed, "The Impact Testing of Various Alloysat Low Temperatures", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering ,

Vol. 3 , Plenum Press, New Tork, (1960), pp. 316-324.

19. Mikesell, R. P. and R. P. Reed, "The Tensile and Impact Strength of5086 Aluminum Down to 20°K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

,

Vol. 4, Plenum Press, New York, (1960), pp. 101-113.

20. Reed, R. P., R. P. Mikesell and R. L. Gleeson, "Some MechanicalProperties of Magnesium Alloys at Low Temperatures", Advancesin Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 5 , Plenum Press, New York,

(1960), pp. 397-405.

21. Alleman, R. D. and G. C. Wolfer, "The Tensile and Impact Propertiesof Plate and Welds of Aluminum Alloys 5083-H113 Between 75

and -320°F", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 5 ,

Plenum Press, New York, (1960), pp. 430-438.

22. Reed, R. P. and R. P. Mitchell, Low Temperature Mechanical Propertiesof Copper and Selected Copper Alloys , NBS Monograph 101 ,

U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., (1967).

23. Kaufman, J. G. and E. W. Johnson, "New Data on Aluminum Alloys forCryogenic Applications", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

,

Vol. 6, Plenum Press, New York, (1960), pp. 637-649.

24. Rice, L. P., J. E. Campbell and W. F. Simmons, "Tensile Behavior ofParent-Metal and Welded 5000 Series Aluminum Alloy Plateat Room and Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 7 , Plenum Press, New York, (1962),pp. 478-489.

25. Coursen, J. W. , J. G. Kaufman and W. E. Sicha, "Notch Toughness ofSome Aluminum Alloy Castings at Cryogenic Temperatures",Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 12 , Plenum Press,New York, (1967), pp. 473-483.

25. Clark, A. F., G. E. Childs and G. H. Wallace, "Low TemperatureElectrical Resistivity of Some Engineering Alloys",Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 15 , Plenum Press,New York, (1970), pp. 85-90.

27. Serafini, Tito T. and Jack L. Koenig, Cryogenic Properties ofPolymers , Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, (1968).

28. Campbell, J. E., "Thermal Conductivity, Resistivity, andMagnetic Susceptibility for Stainless Steels at LowTemperatures", MPC/MCIC Review of Metals Technology ,

Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, (1 March 1974).

253.

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The principal conclusion which can be drawn from this thesis

is that the entire area of cryogenic properties of materials is a

relatively wide open field of research. Despite the large amount

of experimental data in Tables 4.1 through 4.76, there are many

knowledge gaps which will ultimately need to be filled. Cryogenic

properties of materials in the areas of magnetic behavior, torsional

behavior, electrical resistivity, specific heat and density are

largely unexplored. On the other hand tensile properties, thermal

conductivity and thermal expansion have been well researched. Notch

toughness is in a class all by itself since, despite the large

amount of data which exists, there is no general agreement on how

to interpret this data.

With the decline in government funded research and development

money, particularly by NASA and the United States Air Force, and the

reluctance of large corporations to divulge their expensive private

research efforts, the generation and dissemination of new data on the

cryogenic properties of materials may have decreased significantly.

There will probably always be a small but steady flow of new data

from university research laboratories and government laboratories in

many countries, but not on the same scale as in the past. This

situation places the onus on a design agency to:

(1) Keep a continuous watch for newly published cryogenic property

data which may be useful.

254.

(2) Develope an in-house capability, however crude, to

experimentally obtain data which cannot be found in the

literature.

This thesis is a large first step in consolidating the data

on cryogenic properties of materials which exists today into a

single volume. Follow-on work could be done in one of three areas:

(1) Extending the data already provided by examining the references

not already covered. This would be a tedious process, however,

and it is questionable if the extensive effort required to do

this would justify the results sincemanyof the unused references

are not in English or are very short articles covering just

one property of one material.

(2) Explore the data available on the fabricability of materials for

use at cryogenic temperatures. For example, some data was found

on the behavior of weld metals at cyrogenic temperatures, but

was not included in this work. There is probably a substantial

amount of literature available on this and other subjects

related to fabrication of materials for low temperature use,

and this might very well prove to be a useful effort.

(3) Develope inexpensive and simple to build and use testing apparatus

to provide cryogenic property data where none is available now.

There are a great many references in the literature on testing

procedures and testing apparatus and these would provide a good

starting point.

255.

One last recommendation is considered appropriate to anyone who

becomes involved in searching the literature on cryogenic proper-

ties of materials. The authors of many articles and papers have

a strong tendency to make definitive statements regarding how a

group of materials or a specific material behaves at cryogenic

temperatures. They make statements such as, "Material X has

excellent notch toughness at liquid helium temperatures."

Invariably there is no data in the article to support these claims

and when data is finally found from some other source, it is not

obvious why material X has such good notch toughness. • Often such

articles were written by the manufacturer of the materials, by

someone whose research was supported by the manufacturer, or by

someone who is attempting to draw conclusions from insufficient

experimental data. It is felt that relying solely on the data,

which may itself be questionable, and drawing one's own conclusions

is a much better approach than believing statements such as that

made above.

256.

APPENDIX A

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS LITERATURE SEARCH

ON CRYOGENIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

The purpose of this appendix is to provide a ready reference list

to someone interested in finding information on cryogenic properties

of materials.

The source of these references is a bibliography of references

prepared on 24 October, 1973, for the staff of the Cryogenic Laboratory

at M.I.T. by the Cryogenic Data Center, Institute for Basic Standards,

National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colorado. The

original bibliography of references is maintained in the M.I.T.

Cryogenic Laboratory and contains many more entries than are presented

here. In addition, the original provides general information on the

content of each reference along with data concerning where the reference

may be obtained.

What is provided here is a condensed version of the original with

those references in foreign languages, some older outdated material,

and any material not directly related to electrical machinery design

eliminated. The material is broken into four major groups of materials:

Composites; Nickel, Titanium, Aluminum Alloys and other Selected Alloys:

Polymers; Steels. Within each material group there is a further break-

down into specific material properties which follow the breakdown in the

original bibliography and basically match the properties given in

Chapter 2.

257.

The references are listed alphabetically within each material

property group. If there is no reference listed under a group, this

implies that the original had no reference. Following each reference

is a multi-digit code. This number is the National Bureau of Standards

file number for that reference. Knowing this number allows the

researcher to use the original copy of the bibliography of references

or permits smooth communication and information retrieval from the

Cryogenic Data Center in Boulder, Colorado (telephone number 303-499-1000,

extension 3257).

A. 1 Cryogenic Properties of Composites

A. 1 1 Mechanical Properties of Composites

A 1 1 1 Tensile Properties of Composites

Aerojet General Corporation, Cryogenic Tensile Properties of SelectedMaterials , Report No. 2712, NASA-CR-71751, Azusa, California,January, 1964, (38874).

Arden, B. , Plastic and Elastomeric Foam Materials , Northrop Corp.,Nortronics Division, Report No. NASA-CR-100463, Palos VerdesEstates, California, 1966, (63723).

Brink, N. 0. , "Mechanical Behavior of Reinforced Plastics at CryogenicTemperatures", Technical Papers , 20th Annual Technical Conferenceof the Society of Plastics Engineers , Vol. 10 , Sect. XV-2 , 1964,

pp. 1-19, (44537).

Christian, J. L. and M. D. Campbell, Mechanical and Physical Propertiesof Several Advanced Metal-Matrix Composite Materials , CryogenicEngineering Conference, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado,Paper F2, August, 1972, (82408).

"Composites Show Promise as Cryogenic Materials", ASME MaterialsResearch and Standards , Vol. 7 , No. 9 , September, 1967, (46048).

"Consider Composites for Cryogenic Conditions", Materials Engineering,

Vol. 66 , No. 6 , November, 1967, pp. 68-70, (48261).

258.

Dastin, S. J., "Bonded Beryllium Structures", Society of AerospaceMaterials and Process Engineering , 9th National SymposiumPapers , Western Periodicals Co., North Hollywood, California,November, 1965, pp. 1-15, (42036).

Davis, L. W. , Properties of Aluminum-Steel Composites at Low Temperatures ,

ASTM 70th Annual Meeting, Paper No. 15, June, 1967, (47557).

Hanson, M. P. , Glass-, Boron-, and Graphite-Filament-Wound-ResinComposites , Lewis Research Center Technical Memo X-52350,Cleveland, Ohio, 1968, (49222).

Hertz, J., An Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Adhesivesat Cryogenic Temperatures and Their Correlation with MolecularStructure , General Dynamics/ Astronautics Report No., GDA-ERR-AN-196, San Diego, California, September, 1962, (54683).

Keys, R. D., T. F. Kiefer and F. R. Schwartzberg, "Cryogenic Propertiesof High-Strength Glass-Reinforced Plastics", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 11 , Plenum Press, 1965, pp. 470-477, (33839).

Lewis, A. and G. E. Bush, Improved Cryogenic Resin/Glass-Filament-Wound Composites , Aerojet General Corp. Report No. 3392, Azusa,California, April, 1967, (48594).

Lewis, A., G. E. Bush and J. Creedon, Improved Cryogenic Resin/Glass-Filament-Wound Composites , Aerojet General Corp. Report No.

NASA-CR-54867, Azusa, California, May, 1966, (39353).

Midgley, P. , Structural Materials for Use at Cryogenic Temperatures ,

British Interplanetary Society 3rd Annual Symposium on Materialsin Space Technology Paper, 1969, (63626).

Mowers, R. , "Properties of Nonmetallic Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures",Proceedings of the 1968 Summer Study on Superconducting Devicesand Accelerators , Part I , Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, N. Y.,

April, 1969, (61250).

Pepper, R. T. , J. W. Upp, R. C. Rossi, and G. E. Kendall, Aluminum-Graphite Composites , Air Force Systems Command Report No. TR-0066(9250-03)-3, Los Angeles, California, April, 1970, (77116).

Pride, R. A., B. A. Stein, and F. W. Schmidt, Mechanical Propertiesof Polymide-Resin/Glass-Fiber Laminates for Various Time ,

Temperature and Pressure Exposures , Society of the PlasticsIndustry Reinforced Plastics Technical Conference, 23rd, Paper,

1968, (51130).

259.

Roseland, L. M. , "Adhesives for Cryogenic Applications", CryogenicProperties of Polymers , Ed. T. T. Serafini, Marcel Dekker, Inc.,

New York, 1968, pp. 17-28, (63601).

Rusch, K. C. , "Energy-Absorbing Characteristics of Foamed Polymers",

Journal of Applied Polymer Science , Vol. 14 , No. 6 , June, 1970,

pp. 1433-1447, (68069).

Simon, R. A. and R. Alfring, Properties of Graphite Fiber Compositesat Cryogenic Temperatures , College Park, Maryland, Scientificand Technical Information Facility Report No. NASA-CR-72652,May, 1970, (74370).

Soffer, L. M. and R. Molho, Cryogenic Resins for Glass-Filamant-WoundComposites , Aerojet General Corp. Report No. 3343, Azusa,California, January, 1967, (48278).

Soffer, L. M. and R. Molho, Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins and

Glass/Epoxy Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures , AerojetGeneral Corp. Report No. NASA-CR-84451, Azusa, California, 1967,

(47601).

Toth, L. W. , "Properties of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Through the 20

Degree K Range", Modern Plastics , Vol. 42 , No. 12 , August, 1965,

pp. 123-130, (31476).

Wigley, D. A., Mechanical Properties of Materials at Low Temperatures ,

Plenum Press, Inc., New York, 1971, (75205).

A. 1.1. 2 Proportional Limit of Composites

NONE

A. 1.1. 3 Elastic Moduli! of Composites

Arden, B., Plastic and Elastomeric Foam Materials , Northrop Corp.,Nortronics Division Report No. NASA-CR-100463, Palos VerdesEstates, California, 1966, (63723).

Hertz, J., An Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Adhesivesat Cryogenic Temperatures and Their Correlation with MolecularStructure , General Dynamics/Astronautics Report No. GPA-ERR-AN-196,San Diego, California, September, 1962, (54683).

Keys, R. D., T. F. Kiefer and F. R. Schwartzberg, "Cryogenic Propertiesof High-Strength Glass-Reinforced Plastics", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 11, Plenum Press, 1965, pp. 470-477, (33839).

260.

Rusch, K. C. , "Energy-Absorbing Characteristics of Foamed Polymers",Journal of Applied Polymer Science , Vol. 14 , No. 6 , June, 1970,

pp. 1433-1447, (68069).

A. 1.1. 4 Poisson's Ratio of Composites

NONE

A. 1.1. 5 Elongation and Reduction in Area of Composites

NONE

A. 1.1. 6 Torsional Properties of Composites

Lavengood, R. E. and R. M. Anderson, "Matrix Properties ControllingTorsional Fatigue Life of Fiber Reinforced Composites", Proceedingsof the 24th Annual Technical Conference , February, 1969, Societyof the Plastics Industry, (60989).

A. 1.1. 7 Notch Toughness of Composites

"Composites Show Promise as Cryogenic Materials", ASME MaterialsResearch and Standards , Vol. 7 , No. 9, September, 1967, (46048).

Soffer, L. M. and R. Molho, Cryogenic Resins for Glass-Filament-Wound Composites , Aerojet General Corp. Report No. 3343, Azusa,California, January, 1967, (48278).

Soffer, L. M. and R. Molho, Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins and

Glass/Epoxy Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures , AerojetGeneral Corp. Report No. NASA-CR-84451, Azusa, California, 1967,

(47601).

A. 1.1. 8 Fatigue Properties of Composites

Brink, N. 0., "Mechanical Behavior of Reinforced Plastics at CryogenicTemperatures", 20th Annual Technical Conference , Society of

Plastics Engineers , Vol. 10 , Section XV-2, 1964, pp. 1-19, (44537).

Dastin, S. J., "Bonded Beryllium Structures", Society of AerospaceMaterials and Process Engineering , 9th National Symposium Papers,Western Periodicals Co., North Hollywood, California, November,1965, pp. 1-15, (42036).

261.

Roseland, L. M. , "Adhesives for Cryogenic Applications", CryogenicProperties of Polymers , Ed. T. T. Serafini, Marcel Dekker, Inc.,

New York, 1968, pp. 17-28, (63601)

A. 1.2 Thermophysical Properties of Composites

A. 1.2.1 Thermal Conductivity of Composites

Campbell, M. D., J. F. Hoskins, G. L. O'Barr and J. Hertz, "Thermo-physical Properties of Reinforced Plastics at Cryogenic Temperatures",Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets , Vol. 3 , No. 4 , April, 1966,

pp. 596-599, (35323).

Campbell, M. D., A. L. O'Barr and J. Hertz, Thermophysical Propertiesof Plastic Materials and Composites to Liquid Hydrogen Temperature ,

General Dynamics/Astronautics Report No. BVJ-63-001-8, San Diego,California, November, 1964, (28393).

Evaluation of the Thermal Properties of Materials , Avco Corp. ReportNo. NASA-CR-65979, Lowell, Massachusetts, September, 1966, (52682).

Fried, E. and G. Hieser, Measurement of Thermal Conductance of

Multilayer and Other Insulation Materials , General Electric Co.,Missile and Space Division Report No. NASA-CR-92329, Philadelphia,Penn., August, 1968, (56847).

Garrett, K. W. and H. M. Rosenberg, "The Thermal Conductivity of EpoxyResin/Powder Composites at Low Temperatures", 4th InternationalCryogenic Engineering Conference , Proceedings , IPC Science andTechnology Press, Ltd., Guilford, England, 1972, pp. 267-269,(85395).

Hertz, J. and J. F. Haskins, "Thermal Conductivity of ReinforcedPlastics at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 10 , Plenum Press, New York, 1965, pp. 163-170,(34339).

Hertz, J., J. F. Haskins, J. L. Percy and M. D. Campbell, The Deter-mination of Thermophysical Properties of Plastic Materials andComposites at Cryogenic Temperatures , General Dynamics/AstronauticsQuarterly Progress Report No. 4, San Diego, California, July,

1963, (19540).

Hertz, J. and D. Knowles, Survey of Thermal Properties of SelectedMaterials , General Dynamics/Convair Report No. ZZL-65-008,San Diego, California, February, 1965, (34723).

262.

Kingsbury, J. E. , New and Proposed Cryogenic Temperature ResistantPlastics , SAE Aeronautic and Space Engineering and ManufacturingMeeting, Paper No. 660638, Los Angeles, California, October, 1966,

(44395)

Moeller, C. E. , J. B. Loser, W. E. Snyder and V. Hopkins, Thermo-physical Properties of Thermal Insulating Materials , MidwestResearch Institute Technical Documentary Report No. ASK-TDR-215,Kansas City, Missouri, July, 1962, (13888).



pp. 1230 130, (31476).

Toth, L. W. , T. J. Boiler, and I. R. Butcher, Program for the

Evaluation of Structural Reinforced Plastic Materials at

Cryogenic Temperatures , Goodyear Aerospace Corp., ReportNo. GER-12792, Akron, Ohio, August, 1966, (42242).

Wigley, D. A., "Mechanical Properties of Materials at Low Temperatures",Cryogenics , Vol. 8 , No. 1 , February, 1968, pp. 2-12, (49672).

A. 1.2. 2 Specif ic Heat of Composites

Arden, B. , Plastic and Elastomeric Foam Materials , Northrop Corp.,

Nortronics Division Report No. NASA-CR-100463, Palos VerdesEstates, California, 1966, (63723).

Campbell, M. D. , J. F. Haskins, G. L. O'Barr and J. Hertz, "Thermo-physical Properties of Reinforced Plastics at Cryogenic Temperatures",Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets , Vol. 3 , No. 4 , April, 1966,

pp. 596-599, (35323).

Campbell, M. D., J. Hertz and G. L. O'Barr, Thermophysical Propertiesof Plastic Materials and Composites to Liquid Hydrogen Temperature ,

General Dynamics/Astronautics Report No. ML-TDR-64-33, San Diego,California, March, 1965, (31065).


Hertz, J. and D. Knowles, Survey of Thermal Properties of SelectedMaterials , General Dynamics/Convair Report No. ZZL-65-008,San Diego, California, February, 1965, (34723).

263.

A. 1.2. 3 Thermal Expansion of Composites

Campbell, M. D., G. L. O'Barr and J. Hertz, Thermophysical Propertiesof Plastic Materials and Composites to Liquid Hydrogen Temperature ,

General Dynamics/Astronautics Report No. BVJ-63-001-8, San Diego,

California, November, 1964, (28393).


Hamilton, W. 0., D. B. Greene and D. E. Davidson, "Thermal Expansionof Epoxies Between 2 and 300 Degrees K", Review of ScientificInstrumentation , Vol. 39 , No. 5 , May, 1968, pp. 645-648, (50789).

Hertz, J., J. F. Haskins, J. L. Percy and M. D. Campbell, TheDetermination of Thermophysical Properties of Plastic Materialsand Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures , General Dynamics/Astronautics Quarterly Progress Report No. 4, San Diego, California,July, 1963, (19540).

Lewis, A. and G. E. Bush, Improved Cryogenic Resin/Glass-Filament-Wound Composites , Aerojet General Corp. Report No. NASA-CR-72163,Azusa, California, April, 1967, (48594).

Soffer, L. M. and R. Molho, Cryogenic Resins for Glass-Filament-WoundComposites , Aerojet General Corp. Report No. 3343, Azusa,Californai, January, 1967, (48278).

Soffer, L. M. and R. Molho, Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins andGlass/Epoxy Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures , Aerojet GeneralCorp. Report No. NASA-CR-84451, Azusa, California, 1967, (47601).



pp. 123-130, (31476).

A. 1.2. 4 Density of Composites

Arthur D. Little, Inc., Advanced Studies on Multilayer InsulationSystems , Report No. ADL-67180-00-04, June, 1966, (46753).

Campbell, M. D., G. L. O'Barr, J. F. Haskins and J. Hertz, Thermo-physical Properties of Plastic Materials and Composites to

Liquid Hydrogen Temperature , General Dynamics/Convair ReportNo. ML TDR-64-33-PT-3, San Diego, California, August, 1965,(34072).

264.

Hertz, J., J. F. Haskins, J. L. Percy and M. D. Campbell, "TheDetermination of Thermophysical Properties of Plastic Materialsand Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures", General Dynamics /

Astronautics Quarterly Progress Report No. 4 , San Diego,California, July, 1963, (19540).

Toth, L. W. and R. A. Buckley, "Mechanical Response at CryogenicTemperatures of Selected Reinforced Plastic Composite Systems",ASTM Paper No. 16 , ASTM 70th Annual Meeting, June 25-30, 1967,

(48368).

A. 1.3 Electrical Conductivity of Composites

Kingsbury, J. E., Nonstructural Materials for Aerospace Application,

ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Paper No. ASME 67-WA/AV-6, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania, November 1967, (49621).

A. 1.4 Magnetic Properties of Composites

Mclnturff, A. D., "Composite Materials", Proceedings of the 1968Summer Study on Superconducting Devices and Accelerators ,

Brookhaven National Lab Report No. BNL-50155, Upton, New York,April, 1969, (63303).

Meunier, F. , J. P. Burger, G. Deutscher and P. A. Van Dalen, "ProximityEffects Between Superconductors and Ferromagnetic Domains",Physics Letters , Vol. 24A , No. 13 , June, 1967, pp. 722-724,

(46483).

A.

2

Cryogenic Properties of Nickel, Titanium and AluminumAlloys and Other Selected Alloys

A. 2.1 Cryogenic Properties of Nickel Alloys

A. 2. 1.1 Mechanical Properties of Nickel Alloys

A. 2. 1.1.1 Tensile Properties of Nickel Alloys

Campbell, J. E., Review of Current Data on the Tensile Properties of

Metals at Very Low Temperatures , Battelle Memorial InstituteReport No. 148, February, 1961, (10328).

Christian, J. L. , "Mechanical Properties of Several Nickel Base Alloysat Room and Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 12 , Plenum Press, Inc., New York, 1967,

pp. 520-531, (42314).

265.

Christian, J. L., C. T. Yang and W. E. Witzell, Physical and MechanicalProperties of Pressure Vessel Material for Application in a

Cryogenic Environment , General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego,Report No. GD/A 63-0818-3, 1964, (25238).

"Effect of Low Temperatures on Structural Metals", Light Metal Age ,

Vol. 23, No. 1/2 , February, 1965, pp. 14-19, (30706).

Eldridge, E. A. and H. W. Deem, Report on Physical Properties of Metalsand Alloys from Cryogenic to Elevated Temperatures , AmericanSociety of Testing Materials, Special Technical PublicationNo. 296, April, 1961, (10667).

Hurlich, A., "Low Temperature Metals", Proceedings of the 1968Summer Study on Superconducting Devices and Accelerators , Part I ,

Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, N. Y., April, 1969, (71249).

Kendall, E. G., Metals and Alloys for Cryogenic Applications - AReview , Aerospace Corporation, Report No. TDR-269, El Segundo,California, January, 1960, (22460).

Kieffer, T. F., R. D. Keys and F. R. Schwartzberg, Determination of

Low Temperature Fatigue Properties of Structural Metal Alloys ,

Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Report No. CR-65-70, October, 1965,(31808).

Martin, H. L. and A. G. Ingram, "Effects of Low Temperatures onStructural Metals", Journal of Metals , Vol. 17 , No. 7 , July,1965, (31049)

McClintock, R. M. and H. P. Gibbons, A Compilation of MechanicalProperties of Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures , NBS ReportNo. 6064, July, 1959, (4413).

Midgely, P., "Structural Materials for Use at Cryogenic Temperatures",Journal of British Interplanetary Society , Vol. 23 , No. 9 ,

September, 1970, pp. 597-606, (75941).

Mikesell, R. P. and R. P. Reed, "The Impact Testing of Various Alloysat Low Temperatures", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 3 ,

Plenum Press, Inc., New York, 1960, pp. 316-324, (8908).

Nachtigall, A. J., S. J. Klima and J. C. Freche, Fatigue of LiquidRocket Engine Metals at Cryogenic Temperatures to -452 Degrees F ,

NASA, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Technical Note,No. D-4274, December, 1967, (48997).

Rosenberg, S. J., Nickel and Its Alloys , NBS Monograph 106 , May,1968, (54076).

266.

Rowdon, S. , "Engineering Steels and Alloys for Low Temperature Service",Engineering Materials Design , Vol. 5 , March, 1962, pp. 191-196,

(25114).

Some Properties of Inco Nickel Alloys at Low Temperatures , InternationalNickel Company, New York, (11206).

Uzhik, G. W. , "The Low Temperature Strength and Ductility of Metals",Engineering Institute of the Academy of Sciences , U.S.S.R.

,

Moscow, 1957, (13946).

Viglione, J. and W. F. Worden, Fracture Toughness Properties of Some

Alloy Steels and Aluminum and Titanium Alloys , Naval Air Engi-neering Center, Aeronautical Materials Lab Report No. NAEC-AML-2111, Philadelphia, March, 1965, (29137).

Warren, R. A. and R. P. Reed, Tensile and Impact Properties of SelectedMaterials from 20 to 300 Degrees K , NBS Monograph No. 63 , June,

1963, (17164).

Watson, J. F. , "Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures", Materials forMissiles and Spacecraft , McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc., 1963,

pp. 25-43, (21060).

Watson, J. F. and J. L. Christian, "Low Temperature Properties of

K-Monel, Inconel-X, Rene 41, Haynes 25 and Hastelloy B SheetAlloys", Journal of Basic Engineering, Vol. 84D , No. 2, June,

1962, pp. 265-277, (12395).

Witzell, W. E. , Fracture Data for Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures,

General Dynamics/Convair , San Diego, Report No. GDC-ZZL-67-017,November, 1967, (52334).

Yang , C . T. , Cryogenic Temperature Dependence of the Yield Strength

of High-Strength Alloys , ASME Metals/Production EngineeringConference Paper No. 65-PROD-14, Berkeley, California, June,

1965, (29898).

A. 2. 1.1. 2 Proportional Limit of Nickel Alloys

NONE

A. 2. 1.1. 3 Elastic Modulii of Nickel Alloys

Christian, J. L., C. T. Wang and W. E. Witzell, Physical and MechanicalProperties of Pressure Vessel Material for Application in a

Cryogenic Environment , General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego,Report No. GD/A 63-0818-3, 1964, (25238).

267,

Kieffer, T. F., R. D. Keys and F. R. Schwartzberg, Determination of

Low Temperature Fatigue Properties of Structural Metal Alloys,

Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Report CR-67-70, October, 1965,

(31808).

Nachtigall, A. J., S. J. Klima and J. C. Freche, Fatigue of LiquidRocket Engine Metals at Cryogenic Temperatures to -452 Degrees F

,

NASA, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Technical Note,

No. D-4274, December, 1967, (48997).

Spinner, S. and A. G. Rozner, "Elastic Properties of NITI as a Functionof Temperature", Journal of the American Acoustic Society , Vol. 40

,

No. 5, November, 1966, (44018).



A. 2. 1.1. 4 Poisson's Ratio of Nickel Alloys

NONE

A. 2. 1.1. 5 Elongation and Reduction in Area of Nickel Alloys

Hurlich, A., "Materials Requirements for Cryogenic TemperatureApplications", Materials Science and Technology for AdvancedApplication , Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J.,

1962, pp. 45-84, (16139).

A. 2. 1.1. 6 Torsional Properties of Nickel Alloys

Bower, D. I., E. Claridge and I. S. T. Tsong, "Low TemperatureElastic Constants and Specific Heats of F. C. C. Nickel-IronAlloys", Physical Status of Solids , Vol. 29 , No. 2 , October,

1968, pp. 616-625, (58396).

Leamy, H. J. and H. Warlimont, "The Elastic Behavior. of Ni-Co Alloys",Physical Status of Solids , Vol. 37 , No. 2 , February, 1970,

pp. 523-534, (69404).

A. 2. 1.1. 7 Notch Toughness of Nickel Alloys

Sachs, Bruno, "Toughness and Ductility of Metals", Machine Design,

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Alloy Steels and Aluminum and Titanium Alloys , Naval Air EngineeringCenter, Aeronautical Materials Laboratory, Philadelphia, ReportNo. NAEC-AML-2111, March, 1965, (29137).

Wells, C. and W. B. Triplett, Energy of Crack Formation and CrackPropagation under Impact Loading , Carnegie Institute ofTechnology, Metals Research Lab, Pittsburg, Pa., TechnicalNote 60-124, August, 1960, (10138).


General Dynamics/Convair , San Diego, California, Report No.

GDC-ZZL-67-017 , November, 1967, (52334).

A. 2. 1.1. 8 Fatigue Properties of Nickel Alloys

Gideon, D. N. , R. J. Favor, H. J. Grover and G. M. McClure, "TheFatigue Behavior of Certain Alloys in the Temperature Range fromRoom Temperature to -424 Degrees F", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 7 , Plenum Press, Inc., New York, 1962, pp.503-508, (15385).

Kieffer, T. F. , R. D. Keys, F. R. Schwartzberg, Determination of


Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Report No. CR-65-70, October,1965, (31808).

Malin, C. 0. and E. H. Schmidt, Tensile and Fatigue Properties ofAlloy 718 at Cryogenic Temperatures , National Metals Congress,Cleveland, Ohio, Paper No. 28, October, 1967, (48993).


,

NASA, Lewis Research Center Technical Note No. D-4274, December,

1967, (48997).

Wolff, R. P. and R. A. Dodd, "Fatigue Properties of Some Age-HardenedAlloys", Materials Research Standards , Vol. 3 , No. 9 , September,

1963, pp. 734-735, (20175).

A. 2. 1.2 Thermophysical Properties of Nickel Alloys

A. 2. 1.2.1 Thermal Conductivity of Nickel Alloys

Berger, L. , Conduction Processes in Ferromagnetic Alloys , ArmyResearch Office, Durham, N. C. , Report No. 1 - Final, March,1969, (68731).

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Farrell, T. and D. Grieg, "The Thermal Conductivity of Nickel and Its

Alloys", Proceedings of the Physical Society , London , Ser. 2 ,

Vol. 2 , No. 8 , August, 1969, pp. 1465-1473, (71600).

Grieg, D. and J. P. Harrison, "The Low Temperature Electrical TransportProperties of Nickel and Dilute Nickel-Copper Alloys", PhilosophyMagazine , Vol. 12 , No. 115 , July, 1965, pp. 71-79, (30172).

Hust, J. G. and L. L. Sparks, Thermal Conductivity, ElectricalResistivity and Thermo-power of Aerospace Alloys from 4 to 300 K ,

NBS Report No. 9775, November, 1970, (70556).

Powers, R. W. , J. B. Ziegler and H. L. Johnston, The Thermal Conductivityof Metals and Alloys at Low Temperatures Between 25 and 300

Degrees K , Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, TechnicalReport No. 264-8, April, 1951, (344).

Some Properties of Inco Nickel Alloys at Low Temperatures , InternationalNickel Company, Development Research Division, New York, (11206).

Watson, T. W. and D. R. Flynn, "Thermal Conductivity of Four HeatResistant Alloys", Transactions , Metals Society ,. Vol. 242 , May1968, pp. 844-846, (56256).

A. 2. 1.2. 2 Specific Heat of Nickel Alloys

Bower, D. I., E. Claridge and I. J. T. Tsong, "Low Temperature ElasticConstants and Specific Heats of FCC Nickel Iron Alloys", PhysicalStatus of Solids , Vol. 29 , No. 2 , October, 1968, pp. 617-625,

(58396).

Clougherty, E. V. and L. Kaufman, The Thermodynamic Properties of

Alpha F.C.C. Nickel-Zinc Alloys , ManLabs, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.,Technical Report No. 6, February, 1963, (28136).

Dixon, M. , F. E. Hoare and T. M. Holden, "The Low TemperatureSpecific Heats of Some Nickel Based Iron and Copper Alloys",Proceedings of the Royal Society , Ser. A , Vol. 303 , No. 1474 ,

1968, pp. 339-354, (55284).

Ehrlich, A. C, R. Ehrat and D. Rivier, "Low Temperature SpecificHeat Measurements in Some Ni Based Alloys", Helva Physica Acta ,

Vol. 39 , November, 1966, pp. 598, (44013).

Grew, K. E., "The necific Heat of Nickel and Some Nickel-CopperAlloys", Pre ^iings of the Royal Society , Vol A145 , London,

1934, pp. 50 12, (22806).

270.

Gupta, K. P., C. H. Cheng and P. A. Beck, "Low Temperature Specific

Heat of F.C.C. Alloys of 3D - Transition Elements",Physical Chemistry of Solids , Vol. 25 , No. 1 , January, 1964,

pp. 73-83, (22798).

Ho, J. C. and R. Viswanathan, "Low Temperature Specific Heat of F.C.C,

Ni-Co Alloys", Physical Review , Vol. 172 , No. 3 , August, 1968,

pp. 705-709, (52849).

Moody, D. E. , M. G. Staveley and R. Kuentzler, "Low TemperatureSpecific Heats of Nickel-Chronium Alloys", Physical Letters ,

Vol. 33A , No. 4 , November, 1970, pp. 244-245, (75811).

Volkenshteyn, V. V. and Iu. V. Tsiovkin, "Thermal Capacity of Alloysof the Ni-Mn System in the Temperature Range 13-300 Degrees K",

Physical Metals Metallog , Vol. 15 , March, 1964, pp. 46-67,

(25297).

A. 2. 1.2. 3 Thermal Expansion of Nickel Alloys

Arp, V. , J. H. Wilson, L. Winrich and P. Sikora, "Thermal Expansionof Some Engineering Materials from 20 to 293 Degrees K", Cryogenics ,

Vol. 2 , June, 1962, pp. 230-235, (12732).

Clark, A. F. , "Low Temperature Thermal Expansion of Some MetallicAlloys", Cryogenics , Vol. 8 , No. 5 , October, 1968, pp. 282-289,

(54322).


A. 2. 1.2. 4 Density of Nickel Alloy

Some Properties of Nickel Alloys at Low Temperatures , InternationalNickel Company, Inc., New York, (11206).

A. 2. 1.3 Electrical Conductivity of Nickel Alloys

Armstrong, E. E. and R. Fletcher, "Resistivity and Thermopower of a

Series of Ni-Fe Invar Alloys", Canadian Journal of Physics,

Vol. 50 , No. 3 , February, 1972, pp. 244-250, (77304).

Berger , L. , Conduction Processes in Ferromagnetic Alloys , Army

Research Office, Durham, N. C, Report No. AROD-6125-9-P, March1970, (71293).

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Clark, A. F., G. E. Childs and G. H. Wallace, "Electrical Resistivityof Some Engineering Alloys at Low Temperature", Cryogenics ,

Vol. 10 , No. 4 , August, 1970, pp. 295-305, (66997).

Clark, A. F. , G. E. Childs and G. H. Wallace, "Low Temperature ElectricalResistivity of Some Engineering Alloys", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 15 , Plenum Press, Inc., New York, 1970,

pp. 85-90, (58031).

Erdmann, J. C. and J. A. Jahoda, Thermal Conductivity of Copper-Nickel Alloys at 4.2°K , Boeing Science Research Lab, Seattle,

Washington, Report No. Dl-82-0333, April, 1964, (23544).

Farrell, T. and D. Grieg, "The Electrical Resistivity of Nickel andIts Alloys", Proceedings of the Physical Society, London , Ser. 2 ,

Vol. 1 , No. 5 , October, 1968, pp. 1359-1369, (58134).

Grieg, D. and J. P. Harrison, "The Low Temperature Electrical TransportProperties of Nickel and Dilute Nickel-Copper Alloys", PhilosophyMagazine , Vol. 12 , No. 115 , July, 1965, pp. 71-79, (30172).

Hust, J. A. and L. L. Sparks, Thermal Conductivity, Electrical Resistivityand Thermo-Power of Aerospace Alloys from 4 to 300 K , NBS ReportNo. 9775, November, 1970, (70556).

Kondorsky, E. , 0. J. Glakina and L. A. Tchermickova , "Nature of ElectricalResistivity of the Ferromagnetic Metals at Low Temperatures",Journal of Applied Physics , Vol. 29 , No. 3 , 1958, pp. 243-246,

(3603).

Masharov, S. I., "Electrical Resistivity of Binary FerromagneticAlloys", Physical Metals Metallog , Vol. 21 , No. 4 , pp. 4-5,

(44417).

Park, 0. E. , M. M. Fulk and M. M. Reynolds, "Low Temperature ElectricalResistance of Fifteen Commercial Conductors", Advances in

Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 1 , Plenum Press, Inc., New York,

1960, pp. 156-157, (8828).


A. 2. 1.4 Magnetic Properties of Nickel Alloys

Ackermann, F. W. , W. A. Klawitter and J. J. Drautman, MagneticProperties of Commercial Soft Magnetic Alloys at CryogenicTemperatures , 16th Cryogenic Engineering Conference, Boulder,Colorado, Paper No. C-4, (66007).

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Berger, L., Conduction Processes in Ferromagnetic Alloys , Army ResearchOffice, Durham, N. C, Report No. 1-Final, March, 1969, (68731).

Efferson, K. R. and W. J. Leonard, Magnetic Properties of Some

Structural Materials Used in Cryogenic Applications , Oak Ridge,

Lab, Tenn., Report No. ORNL-4150, September, 1967, (51283).

Kondorsky, E. I., V. E. Rode and V. Gofmann, "The SaturationMagnetization of Nickel-Copper Alloys at Low Temperatures",Soviet Physics , Vol. 8 , 1959, pp. 380-381, (2024).

Rode, V. E. and R. Herrmann, "The Investigation of the TemperatureDependence of Saturation Magnetization of Some FerromagneticMetals at Low Temperatures", Proceedings of the InternationalConference on Magnetism , London, 1965, pp. 146-148, (33994).

Smit, J., "Magnetoresistance of Ferromagnetic Metals and Alloysat Low Temperatures", Physica , Vol. 17 , 1951, pp. 612-627,

(5291).


Van Elst, H. C, B. Luback and G. J. Van Den Berg, "The Magnetizationof Some Nickel Alloys in Magnetic Fields Up to 15 KOE BetweenDegrees K and 300 Degrees K", Physica , Vol. 28 , December,

1962, pp. 1297-1317, (14676).

Wallace, W. R. and R. J. Craig, Thermal Structural and MagneticStudies of Metals and Intermetallic Compounds , PittsburgUniversity, Pennsylvania, Report No. NY0-3451-1, 1965, (36361).

A. 2. 2 Cryogenic Properties of Titanium Alloys

A. 2. 2.1 Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys

A. 2. 2. 1.1 Tensile Properties of Titanium Alloys

Campbell, J. E. , Review of Current Data on the Tensile Propertiesof Metals at Very Low Temperatures , DMIC, Battelle MemorialInstitute, Columbus, Ohio, Report No. 148, February, 1961,(10528).

Campbell, J. E. , Review of Recent Developments in the Evaluationof Special Metal Properties , Battelle Memorial Institute,Columbus, Ohio, DMIC Report No. 94, March, 1961, (10697).

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Christian, J. L., Mechanical Properties of High Strength Sheet

Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures , General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, Report No. ERR-AN-255, November,

1962, (16854).

Christian, J. L. , Mechanical Properties of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys at Cryogenic Temperatures , General Dynamics Corp.,

Convair Astronautics Division Report No. MGR-189, October,

1960, (11856).

Christian, J. L. , J. E. Chafey, A. Hurlich, J. F. Watson andW. E. Witzell, "A Study of Brittle Fracture in Cryogenic Alloys",Metal Progress , Vol. 83 , No. 5 , May, 1963, pp. 103-106,

(18519).

Christian, J. L. and A. Hurlich, "Mechanical Properties of TitaniumAlloys at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 13, Plenum Press, New York, 1968, (47515).

Cryogenic Tensile Properties of Selected Materials , Aerojet GeneralCorporation, Azusa, Claifornia, Report No. 2712, January,1964, (38874).



Holden, F. C, F. R. Schwartzberg and H. R. Ogden, Report on TensileProperties of Titanium Alloys at Low Temperatures , DMIC

,

Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, Report 107,January, 1959, (4682).

Hurlich, A., The Cryogenic Behavior of Titanium , Titanium MetallurgyCourse, New York University, New York, Lecture 7, September,1965, (33379).

Martin, H. L. , Effects of Low Temperatures on Structural Metals ,

NASA Special Publication No. SP-5012, December, 1964, (24746).

Martin, H. L. and A. G. Ingram, "Effects of Low Temperature onStructural Metals", Journal of Metals , Vol. 17 , No. 7 , July,

1965, p. 735, (31049).

McGee, R. L. , J. E. Campbell, R. L. Carlson, et al. , The MechanicalProperties of Certain Aircraft Structural Metals at Very LowTemperatures , Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio,WADC Technical Report No. 58-386, November, 1958, (7507).

Mote, M. W. , R. B. Hooper and P. D. Frost, The Engineering Propertiesof Commerical Titanium Alloys , Battelle Memorial Institute,Columbus, Ohio, TML Report No. 92, June, 1958, (4448).

274.

Nachtigall, A. J., S. J. Klima and J. C. Freche, Fatigue Behaviorof Rocket Engine Materials to 4 Degrees K , 14th CryogenicEngineering Conference, Cleveland, Ohio,. Paper C-4, August1968, (52709).

Schwartzberg, F. R. , R. D. Keys, M. J. Brown and C. L. Reightler,Determination of Low Temperature Fatigue Properties of

Aluminum and Titanium Alloys , Martin Co., Denver, Colorado,Annual Summary Report, NASA CR-55027, July, 1963, (22873).

Schwartzberg, F. R. , T. F. Kiefer and R. D. Keys, Determination of


1 April 1962 Through 30 September 1964 , Martin Co., Denver,Colorado, Report No. CR-64-74, October, 1964, (23894).

"Two Titanium Alloys for -432 Degrees F", Materials in DesignEngineering , Vol. 56 , No. 1 , July, 1962, (26559).

Warren, K. A. and R. P. Reed, Tensile and Impact Properties of

Selected Materials From 20 to 300 Degrees K , NBS MonographNo. 63 , June, 1963, (17164).

Watson, J. F., Properties of Engineering Materials at ExtremeSubzero Temperatures with Supplementary Information on LiquidHydrogen , General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, ReportNo. EMG-44, December, 1958, (26346).

Watson, J. F., J. L. Christian and J. Hertz, Selection of Materialsfor Cryogenic Applications in Missiles and Aerospace Vehicles ,

General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, Report No. MGR-132-1,February, 1960, (14833).

Weiman, S. M. , Cryogenic Properties of Seven Experimental TitaniumAlloys , Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc., Missile and Space SystemsDivision, Santa Monica, California, Report No. SM-44674, March,1964, (23522).

Witzell, W. E. , Fracture Data for Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures ,

General Dynamic s /Convair , San Diego, Report No. GDC-ZZL-67-017

,

November, 1967, (52334).

Yang, C. T., "Cryogenic Temperature Dependence of the Yield Strengthof High Strength Alloys", Journal of Engineering Industry ,


275.

A. 2. 2. 1.2 Proportional Limit of Titanium Alloys

Morris, E. E. , Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Metallic Tank for CryogenicService , Aero-jet General Corporation, Azusa, Calif., ReportNo. NASA-CR-72224, June, 1967, (50623).

A. 2. 2. 1.3 Elastic Modulii of Titanium Alloys

Christian, J. L. and A. Hurlich, "Mechanical Properties of TitaniumAlloys at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 13 , Plenum Press, New York, 1968, (47515).

Kovtun, S. F. and R. A. Ulyanov, "Influence of Alloying on theTemperature Dependence of the Normal Elasticity Modulus of

Titanium", Physical Metals Metallog , Vol. 19 , No. 2 , 1965,

pp. 101-104, (37516).

McClaren, S. W. and C. R. Foreman, Cryogenic Design Data for MaterialsSubjected to Uniaxial and Multiaxial Stress Field , LTV AerospaceCorp., Dallas, Texas, Report No. AFML-TR-65-140, May, 1965,

(29190)

McGee, R. L. , J. E. Campbell and K. L. Carlson, The MechanicalProperties of Certain Aircraft Structural Metals at Very LowTemperatures , Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio,WADC Technical Report No. 58-386, November, 1958, (7507).


NASA, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Technical Note Mo.

D-4274, December, 1967, (48997).

Schwartzberg, F. R. , R. D. Keys and M. J. Brown, Determination of LowTemperature Fatigue Properties of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys ,

Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Annual Summary Report, NASACR-55027, July, 1963, (22873).


General Dynamics/Convair , San Diego, Report No. GDC-ZZL-67-017

,

November, 1967, (52334).

A. 2. 2. 1.4 Poisson's Ratio of Titanium Alloys

McClaren, S. W. and C. R. Foreman, Biaxial Strength Characteristics ofSelected Alloys in a Cryogenic Environment , LTV Aerospace Corp.,Dallas, Texas, Report No. 2-53420/GR-2279, May, 1966, (42163).

276.

Sullivan, T. L., Texture Strengthening and Fracture Toughness of

Titanium Alloy Sheet at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures , NASA,

Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Technical Note D-4444,May 1968, (51277)

A. 2. 2. 1.5 Elongation and Reduction in Area of Titanium Alloys

Christian, J. L., Mechanical Properties of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys at Cryogenic Temperatures , General Dynamics/Convair

,

San Diego, Report No. MGR-189, Ocotber, 1960, (11856).

Mikheev, U. S., P. F. Koshelav and P. N. Nikitin, "MechanicalProperties of Alloys of the Ti-Ta System at Low Temperatures",Metal Science Heat Treatment , NOS. 9-10, 1969, pp. 679-680,

(68406).

Schwartzberg, F. R. , R. D. Keys, M. J. Brown and C. L. Reightler,Determination of Low Temperature Fatigue Properties of

Aluminum and Titanium Alloys , Martin Co., Denver, Colorado,Annual Summary Report, NASA CR-55027 , July, 1963, (22873).

A. 2. 2. 1.6 Torsional Properties of Titanium Alloys

Fahey, N. H. , Ultrasonic Determination of Elastic Constants at

Room and Low Temperatures , Watertown Arsenal Labs, Mass.,Technical Report No. WAL-TR-118.1, April, 1960, (8544).

A. 2. 2. 1.7 Notch Toughness of Titanium Alloys

Bousova, E. A., S. E. Belyayer and G. S. Klimova, "MechanicalProperties of Titanium Alloys at Low Temperatures", RussianMetals , No. 4 , 1968, pp. 95-97, (68272).

Carman, C. M. and J. M. Katlin, "Plane Strain Fracture Toughnessand Mechanical Properties of 5 A1-2.5-SN ELI and CommercialTitanium Alloys at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures", AmericanSociety of Testing Materials , Special Technical PublicationNo. 432, 1968, (49934).

Christian, J. L. and A. Hurlich, "Mechanical Properties of TitaniumAlloys at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 13 , Plenum Press, Inc., New York, 1968,

pp. 318-333, (47515).

Frederick, S. F. and W. D. Hanna, "Fracture Toughness and Deformationof Titanium Alloys at Low Temperatures", Metals Transactions ,

Vol. 1, February, 1970, pp. 347-352, (65845).

277.

Hendricks, P. L., "Air Force Materials Laboratory Symposium on Light

Metals", Light Metal Age , Vol. 23 , No. 5-6, June, 1965, pp. 5-6,

(37663).

Schwartzberg, F. R., "A Review of Cryogenic Fracture Toughness Behavior",

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 12 , Plenum Press, Inc.,

New York, 1967, pp. 458-472, (38040).


Alloy Steels and Aluminum and Titanium Alloys , Naval Air

Engineering Center, Aeronautical Material Lab, Philadelphia,

Report No. NAEC-AML-2111, March, 1965, (29137).


General Dynamic s/Convair, San Diego, Report No. GDC-ZZL-67-017,November, 11967, (52334).

A. 2. 2. 1.8 Fatigue Properties of Titanium Alloys

Favor, R. J., D. N. Gideon and H. J. Grover, Investigation of FatigueBehavior of Certain Alloys in the Temperature Range Room Tempera-ture to -423 F, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio,

Technical Report No. WADD TR 61-132, June, 1961, (15663).

Gideon, D. N. , R. J. Favor, H. J. Grover and G. M. McClure, "TheFatigue Behavior of Certain Alloys in the Temperature Rangefrom Room Temperature to -423 Degrees F", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 7 , Plenum Press, New York, 1962, pp. 503-508,

(15385).

Hurlich, A. , The Cryogenic Behavior of Titanium , Titanium MetallurgyCourse, New York University, New York, September, 1965, (33379).

Keys, R. D. and F. R. Schwartzberg, "Axial Fatigue Testing of SheetMaterials Down to -423°F", Material Research Standards , Vol. 4 ,

No. 5, May, 1964, pp. 222-224, (22996).

Nachtigall, .

T

., S. J. Klima and J. C. Freche, Fatigue of LiquidRocket 1 es Metals at Cryogenic Temperatures to -452 Degrees F

,

NASA, Lc Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Technical NoteD-4274, ..ember, 1967, (48997).

Schwartzberg, F. R., R. D. Keys, M. J. Brown, and C. L. Reightler,Determination of Low Temperature Fatigue Properties of

Aluminum and Titanium Alloys , Martin Co., Denver, Colorado,Annual Summary Report, NASA CR-55027, July, 1963, (22873).

278.

A. 2. 2. 2 Thermophysical Properties of Titanium Alloys

A. 2. 2. 2.1 Thermal Conductivity of Titanium Alloys

Hertz, J. and D. Knowles, Survey of Thermal Properties of SelectedMaterials , General Dynamics/Convair , San Diego, Report No.

ZZL-65-008, February, 1965, (34723).

Hust, J. G., D. H. Weitzel and R. L. Powell, Thermal Conductivity of

Aerospace Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures , NBS Special Publication302, September, 1968, (54548)

.

Rigney, C. J. and L. I. Bochstahler, "The Thermal Conductivity of

Titanium Between 20 Degrees and 273 Degrees K", Physical Review ,

Vol. 83 , 1951, pp. 220, (27346).


Ziegler, W. T., J. C. Mullins and S. C. P. Hwa, "Specific Heat andThermal Conductivity of Four Commercial Titanium Alloys from 20

Degrees to 300 Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering ,

Vol. 8 , 1962, pp. 268-277, (13342).

A. 2. 2. 2. 2 Specific Heat of Titanium Alloys

Clark, A. F. and R. H. Kropschot, "Low Temperature Specific Heat and

Thermal Expansion of Alloys", Bulletin Institut International DuFro id , Annexe 1970-1972

, pp. 249-254, (70814).

Lepkowski, W. J. and J. W. Holladay, Report on the Physical Propertiesof Titanium and Titanium Alloys , Battelle Memorial Institute,Columbus, Ohio, TML Report No. 73, July, 1957, (4953).

Touloukian, Y. S., Recommended Values of the Thermophysical Propertiesof Eight Alloys, Major Constituents and Their Oxides , ThermophysicalProperties Research Center, Purdue University, Report No. CST-7590,February, 1966, (34238).

Ziegler, W. T. , J. C. Mullins and S. C. P. Hwa, "Specific Heat andThermal Conductivity of Four Commercial Titanium Alloys from 20

Degrees to 300 Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering ,

Vol. 8 , Plenum Press, New York, 1962, pp. 268-277, (13342).

A. 2. 2. 2. 3 Thermal Expansion of Titanium Alloys

Corruccini, R. J. and J. J. Gniewek, Thermal Expansion of TechnicalSolids at Low Temperature , NBS Monograph 29 , May, 1961, (11486).

279.

Rhodes, B. L. , C. E. Moeller, V. Hopkins and T. I. Marx, "ThermalExpansion of Several Technical Metals from 20 Degrees K to 300Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 8 , PlenumPress, New York, 1963, pp. 278-286, (13346).

Zakharov, A. and K. Trush, "Thermal Expansion of Metals and Alloys atLow Temperatures", Metalloved , No. 10 , October, 1970, pp. 39-41,

(85263).

A. 2. 2. 2. 4 Density of Titanium Alloys

Lepkowski, W. J. and J. W. Holladay, Report on the Physical Propertiesof Titanium and Titanium Alloys , Battelle Memorial Institute,Columbus, Ohio, TML Report No. 73, July, 1957, (4953).

A. 2. 2. 3 Electrical Conductivity of Titanium Alloys

Clark, A. F., G. E. Childs and G. H. Wallace, "Low Temperature ElectricalResistivity of Some Engineering Alloys", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 15 , Plenum Press, New York, 1970, pp. 85-90,

(58031).

Hust, J. G. , D. H. Weitzel and R. L. Powell, Thermal Conductivity of

Aerospace Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures , NBS Special Publication302, September, 1968, (54548).

Rayetskiy, V. M. , "Resistivity of Titanium Alloys with Aluminum at 78-

373 Degrees K", Physical Metals Metallog , Vol. 23 , No. 4 , 1967,

pp. 186-188, (53788).

A. 2. 2. 4 Magnetic Properties of Titanium Alloys

Lepper, R. , E. G. Wolff and G. J. Mills, "A.C. Permeability Studiesof Ternary Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures", Applied Super-conductivity Conference , IEEE, Inc., New York, 1972, pp. 461-

467, (85497).

Luhman, T. S., R. Taggart and D. H. Polonis, "Magnetic HysteresisStudies of Superconducting Beta Stabilized Titanium Alloys",Structural Metals , Vol. 6 , No. 10 , October, 1972, pp. 1055-1060,(82736).

Shibuya, Y. and T. Aomine, "Upper Critical Fields and MagnetizationCurves for Ti-U Alloys", Low Temperature Physics and Chemistry

,

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A. 2 3 Cryogenic Properties of Aluminum Alloys

A 2 3. 1 Mechanica. . Properties . 01 : Aluminum Alloys

A. 2 3 1. 1 Tensile Properties of Aluminum Alloys

Barth, H. A., "Materials for Low and Very Low Temperature Plants",Institut International Du Froid , Paris, 1961, pp. 477-487, (60381).

Campbell, J. E. , "Aluminum Alloys for Cryogenic Service", MaterialResearch Standards , Vol. 4 , No. 10 , October, 1964, pp. 540-548,(28730).

Campbell, J. E. , Properties and Applications of Aluminum Alloys at LowTemperatures , ASTM 67th Meeting, Chicago, Paper No. 33, June, 1964,(24677).

Campbell, J. E. , Review of Current Data on the Tensile Properties ofMetals at Very Low Temperatures , DMIC, Battelle Memorial InstituteColumbus, Ohio, Report No. 148, February, 1961, (10528).

Carson, J. M. and J. M. Hawn, Some Properties of Iron, Copper andSelected Aluminum Alloys , Dayton University, Ohio, ResearchInstitute, Report No. UDRI-TR-68-38, September, 1968, (59390).

Christian, J. L. and J. F. Watson, "Mechanical Properties of Several2000 and 6000 Series Aluminum Alloys", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 10 , Plenum Press, New York, 1965, pp. 63-76,

(34338).

Christian, J. L. and J. F. Watson, "Mechanical Properties of Several5000 Series Aluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advancesin Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 7 , 1962, pp. 490-499, (11395).

Christian, J. L. and J. F. Watson, "Properties of 7000 Series AluminumAlloys at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering ,

Vol. 6 , 1961, pp. 604-621, (11363).

Coursen, J. W. and J. G. Kaufman, "Notch Toughness of Some AluminumAlloy Castings at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 12 , Plenum Press, New York, 1967, pp. 473-483,(38049).


Vol. 23 , No. 1/2 , February, 1965, pp. 14-19, (30706).

Eldridge, E. A. and H. W. Deem, "Report on Physical Properties of

Metals and Alloys from Cryogenic to Elevated Temperatures",American Society for Testing Materials , Special TechnicalPublication No. 296, April, 1961, (10667).

281,

Fushima, K. , H. Yonemitsu, H. Okamoto and E. Fukushima, "TensileProperties of Various Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures",Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 15 , Plenum Press, NewYork, 1970, pp. 102-108, (60929).

Hickey, C. F., Mechanical Properties of Titanium and Aluminum Alloysat Cryogenic Temperatures , Watertown Arsenal Labs, Mass., TechnicalReport WAL TR 340.2/1, March, 1962, (13223).

Johnson, E. W. , "Aluminum Alloys-Tough and Ductile Down to -423 Degrees F'

Chemical Engineering , Vol. 67 , August, 1960, pp. 133-139, (10284).

Kaufman, J. G., "Notch Toughness of Some Aluminum Alloys by ProposedASTM Recommended Practice", Proceedings American Society of TestingMaterial , Vol. 65 , 1965, pp. 626-640, (38183).

Kaufman, J. G. , K. 0. Bogardus and E. T. Wanderer, "Tensile Propertiesand Notch Toughness of Aluminum Alloys at -452 F in LiquidHelium", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 13 , Plenum Press,New York, 1968, pp. 294-308, (47122).

Kaufman, J. G. and E. W. Johnson, "Notch Sensitivity of Aluminum AlloySheet and Plate at -320 Degrees F Based on Notch Yield Ratio",Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 8 , Plenum Press, NewYork, pp. 678-685, (12997).

Kaufman, J. G. and F. G. Nelson, Axial Stress Fatigue Properties of

Plain and Welded 5454, 5086, 5083, and 5456 Plate at RoomTemperature and -320 Degrees F , Alcoa Research Labs, New Kensington,Pa., Report No. 9-60-24, June, 1960, (9999).

Kaufman, J. G. and E. T. Wanderer, "Tensile Properties and NotchToughness of Some 7XXX Alloys at -452 Degrees K", Advances in

Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 16 , Plenum Press, New York, 1971,

pp. 27-36, (65882).

Kieffer, T. F. , R. D. Keys and F. R. Schwartzberg, Determination of


Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Final Report CR-65-70, October,1965, (31808).

Koshelev, P. F., R. I. Ilina and M. F. Nikitina, "Mechanical Propertiesof Aluminum Alloys at Low Temperatures", Mashinostr . , No. 6 ,

1968, pp. 86-94, (69909).

Martin, H. L. and A. G. Ingram, "Effects of Low Temperature on StructuralMetals", Journal of Metals , Vol. 17 , No. 7 , July, 1965, p. 735,

(31049).

282,

"Materials for Large Cryogenic Structures", Environmental Quarterly,

Vol. 12 , No. 1, March, 1966, p. 25, (38688).

McClaren, S. W. , Cryogenic Design Data on Materials Subjected to

Uniaxial and Multiaxial Stress Fields , LTV, Dallas, Texas,Quarterly Progress Report No. 1, May, 1964, (27202).

McClaren, S. W. , C. R. Foreman and J. F. Grobinski, Biaxial StrengthCharacteristics of Selected Alloys in a Cryogenic Environment

,

LTV Aerospace Corp., Dallas, Texas, Report No. 2-53420/6R-2279,May, 1966, (42163).


Mikesell, R. P. and R. P. Reed, "The Impact Testing of Various Alloysat Low Temperatures", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 3 ,

Plenum Press, New York, 1960, pp. 316-324, (8908).

Misha, K. H. , "Conventional Alloys Solve Cryogenic Problems",Materials Engineering , Vol. 76 , No. 2, August 1972, pp. 22-26,

(80573).


,

NASA, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Technical NoteNo. D-4274, December, 1967, (48997).

"New High Strength Aluminum Alloys Take Cryogenic Temperatures",Materials Engineering , Vol. 68 , No. 1 , July, 1968, p. 32, (52168).

"Properties of Alloys for Low Temperature and Cryogenic Service",Metal Progress , Vol. 104 , No. 1 , June, 1973, p. 124, (86893).

Rice, L. P., J. E. Campbell and W. F. Simmons, "The Tensile PropertyEvaluation of One 5000 Series Aluminum at the Temperature ofLiquid Helium", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 8 , 1962,

pp. 671-677, (12998).

Schwartzberg, F. R. , Selecting Structural Materials for CryogenicService, Metals Progress , Vol. 96 , No. 1 , July, 1969, pp. 52-57,

(60845).

Schwartzberg, F. R. , R. D. Keys and M. J. Brown, Determination of LowTemperature Fatigue Properties of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys ,

Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Annual Summary Report, NASA CR-55027,July, 1963, (22873)

283,

Schwartzberg, F. R. and R. D. Keys, Mechanical Properties of 2000Series Aluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures , Martin Co.

,

Denver, Colorado, Report No. R-61-32, October, 1961, (11416).



Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Final Report, NASA CR-59839,October, 1964, (28864).

Sprentak, J. W. , M. C. Fontana and A. E. Brooks, "Notched andUnnotched Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Tin EngineeringAlloys at 25 Degrees C and -196 Degrees C", Transactions of

the American Society of Metals , Vol. 43 , 1951, pp. 547-570,

(5047).

Uzhik, G. V., "The Low Temperature Strength and Ductility of Metals",Engineering Institute of the Academy of Sciences , USSR, 1957,(13946).

Vishnevsky, C. and E. A. Steigerwald, Plane Strain Fracture Toughnessof Some Cryogenic Materials at Room and Subzero Temperatures ,

73rd ASTM Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Paper No. 496,(72843).

Warren, K. A. and R. P. Reed, Tensile and Impact Properties of SelectedMaterials from 20 to 300 Degrees K, NBS Monograph No. 63 , June,

1963, (17164).

Watson, J. F. , "Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures", Materials forMissiles and Spacecraft , McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1963,(21060).


General Dynamics/Convair , San Diego, Report No. GDC-ZZL-67-017

,

November, 1967, (52334).

Yang, C. T., "Cryogenic Temperature Dependence of the Yield Strengthof High Strength Alloys", Journal of the Engineering Industry ,

Vol. 88 , Ser. B , No. 1 , February, 1966, pp. 117-128, (33904).

A. 2. 3. 1.2 Proportional Limit of Aluminum Alloys

Christian, J. L. and J. F. Watson, "Mechanical Propert of Several5000 Series Aluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Temperar res", Advancesin Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 7 , Plenum Press, New York, 1962,

pp. 490-499, (11395).

Christian, J. L. and J. F. Watson, "Properties of 7000 Series AluminumAlloys at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

,


284.

A. 2. 3. 1.3 Elastic Modulii of Aluminum Alloys

Campbell, J. E., Properties and Applications of Aluminum Alloys at

Low Temperatures , ASTM 67th Annual Meeting, Chicago, June, 1964,

(24677).

Christian, J. L. and J. F. Watson, "Mechanical Properties of Several2000 and 6000 Series Aluminum Alloys", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 10 , Plenum Press, New York, 1965, pp. 63-76,

(34338).

Kiefer, T. F., R. D. Keys and F. R. Schwartzberg, Determination of


Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Report No. CR-65-70, October,

1965, (31808).

McClaren, S. W. , C. R. Foreman and J. F. Grabinski, Biaxial StrengthCharacteristics of Selected Alloys in a Cryogenic Environment

,

LTV Aerospace Corp., Dallas Texas, Report No. 2-53420/6R-2279,May, 1966, (42163).

Midgely, P. and R. W. Thackray, The Tensile Properties of SomeStructural Materials in the Temperature Range 293 K to 20 K

,

Rocket Propulsion Establishment, Wescott, England, ReportNo. RPE-TM-496, February, 1969, (69428).


,

NASA, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Technical NoteNo. D-4274, December, 1967, (48997).

Redmond, J. H. and F. W. Bott, Design Study of AC Motors to Operatein Helium from the Cryogenic Liquid State to Room TemperatureGaseous State , AIAA Propulsion 3rd Joint Specialist Conference,Washington, D. C, July, 1967, Paper No. AIAA67-456, (48362).

Schwartzberg, F. R. , R. D. Keys and M. J. Brown, Determination ofLow Temperature Fatigue Properties of Aluminum and TitaniumAlloys , Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Annual Summary ReportNASA CR-55027, July, 1963, (22873).

Witzell, W. E. , Fracture Data for Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures ,


A. 2. 3. 1.4 Poisson's Ratio of Aluminum Alloys

McClaren, S. W. , C. R. Foreman and J. F. Grabinski, Biaxial StrengthCharacteristics of Selected Alloys in a Cryogenic Environment

,

LTV Aerospace Corp., Dallas, Texas, Report No. 2-53420/6R2279,May, 1966, (42163).

285.

Schwartzberg, F. R., R. D. Keys and T. F. Kiefer, Cryogenic AlloyScreening , Final Report , NASA, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland,Ohio, Report No. NASA-CR-72733, November, 1970, (75142).

A. 2. 3. 1.5 Elongation and Reduction in Area of Aluminum Alloys

Barth, H. A., Permanent Property Changes of Metals Caused by LowTemperatures , 11th International Congress of Ref irgeration,Munich, Paper 1-17, August, 1963, (18090).

Christian, J. L. and J. F. Watson, "Mechanical Properties of Several5000 Series Aluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advancesin Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 7 , Plenum Press, New York, 1962,

pp. 490-499, (11395).

Christian, J. L. and J. F. Watson, "Properties of 7000 Series AluminumAlloys at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering,Vol. 6 , Plenum Press, New York, 1961, pp. 604-621, (11363).

Everest, A., "The Behavior of High Magnesium Content Aluminum Alloysat Room and Liquid Hydrogen Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 5 , Plenum Press, New York, 1960, pp. 385-396,

(8990).

Dannelli, A. A. and F. J. Rizzitano, Notched Properties of High StrengthAlloys at Various Load Rates and Temperatures , Army MaterialsResearch Agency, Watertown, Mass., Technical Report No. AMRA-TR-66-13, July, 1966, (45416).

Kaufman, J. G. and E. W. Johnson, "New Data on Aluminum Alloys forCryogenic Applications", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

,


Lightweight Aluminum Casting Alloy Is Useful at Cryogenic Temperatures,

NASA Technical Brief No. BG5-10092, April, 1965, (27398).

Midgely, P. and R. W. Thackray, The Tensile Properties of SomeStructural Materials in the Temperature Range 293 K to 20 K ,

Rocket Propulsion Establishment, Westcott, Englend, Report No.

RPE-TM-496, February, 1969, (69428).

Schwartzberg, F. R. , R. D. Keys, M. J. Brown and C. L. Reightler,Determination of Low Temperature Fatigue Properties of Aluminumand Titanium Alloys , Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, AnnualSummary Report NASA CR-55027, July, 1963, (22873).

Schwartzberg, F. R. and R. D. Keys, Mechanical Properties of 2000

Series Aluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures, Martin Co.

,

Denver, Colorado, Report No. R-61-32, October, 1961, (11416).

286.

A. 2. 3. 1.6 Torsional Properties of Aluminum Alloys

Christian , J. L. and J. F. Watson, "Mechanical Properties of Several5000 Series Aluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advancesin Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 7 , Plenum Press, New York, 1962,

pp. 490-499, (11395).

Christian, J. L. and J. F. Watson, "Properties of 7000 SeriesAluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 6 , Plenum Press, New York, 1961, pp. 604-621,

(11363).

A. 2. 3. 1.7 Notch Toughness of Aluminum Alloys

Campbell, J. E., Properties and Applications of Aluminum Alloys at

Low Temperatures , ASTM 67th Annual Meeting, Chicago, June, 1964,Paper, (24677).

Carman, C. M. , KC (Fracture Toughness) Determination for AluminumAlloys , Frankford Arsenal, Metallurgy Research Lab, Philadelphia,1962, Paper 14, (17378).

Coursen, J. W. and J. G. Kaufman, "Notch Toughness of Some AluminumAlloy Castings at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 12 , Plenum Press, New York, 1967, pp. 478-483,(38049).

Kaufman, J. G., K. 0. Bogardus and E. T. Wanderer, "Tensile Propertiesand Notch Toughness of Aluminum Alloys at -452 F in Liquid Helium",Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 13 , Plenum Press, New York,

1968, pp. 294-308, (47122).

Kaufman, J. G. and E. T. Wanderer, "Tensile Properties and NotchToughness of Some 7XXX Alloys at -452 Degrees K", Advances in

Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 16 , Plenum Press, New York, 1971,

pp. 27-36, (65882).

McClaren, S. W. , C. R. Foreman and J. F. Grabinski, Biaxial StrengthCharacteristics of Selected Alloys in a Cryogenic Environment ,

LTV Aerospace Corp., Dallas, Texas, Report No. 2-53420/6R-2279,May, 1966, (42163).

Orange, T. W. , T. L. Sullivan and F. D. Calfo, Fracture of Thin SectionsContaining Through and Part-through Cracks , ASTM STP496 FractureToughness Testing at Cryogenic Temperatures Conference, Toronto,Ontario, Canada, June, 1970, (72846).

Schwartzberg, F. R. , "A Review of Cryogenic Fracture ToughnessBehavior", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 12 , PlenumPress, New York, 1967, pp. 458-472, (38050).

287.

Schwartzberg, F. R. , "Selecting Structural Materials for CryogenicService", Metals Progress , Vol. 96 , No. 1 , July, 1969, pp. 52-57,

(60845).

Viglione, J. and W. F. Worden, Fracture Toughness Properties of SomeAlloy Steels and Aluminum and Titanium Alloys , Naval Air EngineeringCenter, Aeronautical Materials Lab, Philadelphia, Report No.

NAEC-AML-2111, March, 1965, (29137).

Watson, J. F. and J. L. Christian, The Effect of Cryogenic Temperatureson the Mechanical Properties of High Strength Sheet Alloys(Nonferrous) , General Dynamics/Convair , Report ERR-AN-002,April, 1960, (11854).

Witzell, W. E., Fracture Data for Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures,

General Dynamics/Convair, San Diego, Report No. GDC-ZZL-017,November, 1967, (52334).

A. 2. 3. 1.8 Fatigue Properties of Aluminum Alloys

Campbell, J. E. , Properties and Applications of Aluminum Alloys atLow Temperatures , 67th ASTM Annual Meeting, Chicago, Paper No.

33, June, 1964, (24677).

Favor, R. J. , D. N. Gideon and H. J. Grover, Investigation of FatigueBehavior of Certain Alloys in the Temperature Range RoomTemperature to -423 F , Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus,Ohio, Report No. WADD TR 61-132, June, 1961, (15663).

Gadeau, R. , 'Cryogenic Aluminum Alloys" Review of Aluminum , Vol. 39 ,

No. 304 , December, 1962, pp. 1355-1369, (16194).

Hartman, E. C. and W. H. Sharp, A Summary of Results of VariousInvestigations of the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloysat Low Temperatures , NACA, Technical Note No. 843, May, 1942,(17402).

Kaufman, J. G. , M. Holt and E. T. Wanderer, "Aluminum Fills CryogenicNeeds", Oil Gas Journal , Vol. 65 , No. 50 , December, 1967,

pp. 118-126, (48330)

Kaufman, J. G. and F. G. Nelson, "Cryogenic Temperatures Up FatigueStrengths of Al-Mg Alloys", Space Aeronautics , Vol. 38 , No. 1 ,

July, 1962, pp. 91-96, (12513).


NASA, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Technical NoteD-4274, December, 1967, (48997).

288.

Schwartzberg, F. R. , R. D. Keys, M. J. Brown and C. L. Reightler,Determination of Low Temperature Fatigue Properties of Aluminumand Titanium Alloys , Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, AnnualSummary Report NASA CR-55027, July, 1963, (22873).

Schwartzberg, F. R. , T. F. Kieffer and R. D. Keys, Determination of


Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Final Report NASA-CR-59839,October, 1964, (28864).

Spretnak, J. W. , M. C. Fontana and A. E. Brooks, "Notched and UnnotchedTensile and Fatigue Properties of Ten Engineering Alloys at 25

Degrees C and -196 Degrees C", Transactions of the AmericanSociety for Metals , Vol. 43 , 1951, pp. 547-570, (5047).

Uzhik, G. V., "The Low Temperature Strength and Ductility of Metals",Engineering Institute of the Academy of Sciences, USSR , Moscow,1957, (13946).

Wolff, R. P. and R. A. Dodd, "Fatigue Properties of Some Age-HardenedAlloys", Materials Research Standards , Vol. 3 , No . 9 , September,

1963, pp. 734-735, (20175).

A. 2. 3. 2 Thermophysical Properties of Aluminum Alloys

A. 2. 3.2.1 Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum Alloys

Campbell, R. W. and J. E. Browning, "Materials of Construction forCryogenic Processes", Chemical Engineering , Vol. 74 , No. 22 ,

October, 1967, pp. 196-197, (48334).

Dillard, D. S. and K. D. Timmerhaus, Thermal Transport Propertiesof Selected Solids at Low Temperatures , 16th Annual AICHTMeeting, New York, November, 1967, Paper 30A, (49650).

Eldridge, E. A. and H. W. Deem, Report on Physical Properties ofMetals and Alloys from Cryogenic to Elevated Temperatures

,

ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 296, April, 1961,(10667).

Evaluation of the Thermal Properties of Materials , Avco Corp.,Lowell, Mass., Report No. NASA-CR-65979, September, 1966,(52682).

Hertz, J. and D. Knowles, Survey of Thermal Properties of SelectedMaterials , General Dynamics /Convair, San Diego, Report No.

ZZL-65-008, February, 1965, (34723).

Hust, J. G. , D. H. Weitzel and R. L. Powell, Thermal Conductivity of

Aerospace Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures , NBS Special PublicationNo. 302, September, 1968, (54548).

289.

Powell, R. L. , Thermophysical Properties of Metals at CryogenicTemperatures , ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 387, 1966,

(36272).

Powell, R. L. , J. Hall and H. M. Roder, "Low Temperature TransportProperties of Commercial Metals and Alloys", Journal of Applied

Physics , Vol. 3 1, No. 3 , 1960, pp. 496-503, (2296).

Powell, R. W. , R. P. Tye and J. Woodman, "The Thermal Conductivity of

Pure and Alloyed Aluminum", Proceedings of the 3rd SymposiumASME , Purdue University, March, 1965, pp. 277-288, (26179).

Touloukian, Y. S. , Recommended Values of the Thermophysical Pro-

perties of Eight Alloys, Major Constituents, and Their Oxides ,

Thermophysical Properties Research Center, Purdue University,Report No. CST-7590, February, 1966, (34238).

A. 2. 3. 2. 2 Specific Heat of Aluminum Alloys

Clark, A. F. and R. H. Kropschot, "Low Temperature Specific Heat andThermal Expansion of Alloys", Bulletin du Institut InternationalDu Froid , Annexe 1970-1972, pp. 249-254, (70814).


ZZL-65-008, February, 1965, (34723).

Touloukian, Y. S., Recommended Values of Thermophysical Propertiesof Eight Alloys, Major Constituents and Their Oxides , Thermo-physical Properties Research Center, Purdue University, ReportNo. CST-7590, February, 1966, (34238).

A. 2. 3. 2. 3 Thermal Expansion of Aluminum Alloys

Arp, V., J. H. Wilson, L. Winrich and P. Sikora, "Thermal Expansionof Some Engineering Materials from 20 to 293 Degrees K",

Cryogenics , Vol. 2 , June, 1962, pp. 230-235, (12732).

Belov, A. K. , "Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of ConstructionMaterials at Low Temperatures", Metalloved , No . 4 , April, 1968,

pp. 20-22, (63674).

Campbell, R. W. and J. E. Urowning, "Materials for Construction inCryogenic Processes", Chemical Engineering , Vol. 74 , No. 22 ,

October, 1967, pp. 196-197, (48334).

Clark, A. F., "Low Temperature Thermal Expansion of Some MetallicAlloys", Cryogenics , Vol. 8 , No. 5 , October, 1968, pp. 282-289,(54322).

290.

Clark, A. F. and R. H. Kropschot, "Low Temperature Specific Heat and

Thermal Expansion of Alloys", Bulletin du Institut International

Du Froid , Annexe, 1970-1972, pp. 249-254, (70814).

Horton, J. C. , C. F. Smith and R. C. Ruff, Low Temperature ThermalExpansion of Structural Metals , NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,Huntsville, Alabama, Technical Memo No. X-53436, April, 1966,

(40641).

Johnson, E. W. , "Aluminum Alloys - Tough and Ductile Down to -423

Degrees F", Chemical Engineering , Vol. 67 , August, 1960,

pp. 133-139, (10284).

Rhodes, B. L., C. E. Moeller, V. Hopkins and T. I. Marx, "ThermalExpansion of Several Technical Metals from 20 Degrees K to 300

Degrees C" , Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 8 , PlenumPress, New York, 1963, pp. 278-286, (13346).

Valentich, J., "New Values for Thermal Coefficients", ProductionEngineering , Vol. 36 , No. 15 , July, 1965, pp. 63-71, (30601)

Zakharov, A. and K. Trush, "Thermal Expansion of Metals and Alloysat Low Temperatures", Metalloved , No. 9-10 , September, 1970,

pp. 853-855, (85263).

A. 2. 3. 2. 4 Density of Aluminum Alloys

Zuchs, C. F., H. E. Thompson and A. R. Smith, The ExperimentalMeasurement of Thermal Conductivity, Specific Heats and Densitiesof Metallic, Transparent and Protective Materials , Part I ,

Battelle Memorial Institute, Report No. TR-6145-1, February, 1951,(46127).

Touloukian, Y. S., Recommended Values of the Thermophysical Propertiesof Eight Alloys, Major Constituents and Their Oxides , Thermo-physical Properties Research Center, Purdue University, ReportNo. CST-7590, February, 1966, (34238).

A. 2. 3. 3 Electrical Conductivity of Aluminum Alloys

Clark, A. F. , G. E. Childs and G. H. Wallace, "Low Temperature ElectricalResistivity of Some Engineering Alloys", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 15 , Plenum Press, New York, 1970, pp. 85-90,

(58031).

Hust, J. G. , R. L. Powell and D. H. Weitzel, Thermal Conductivity,

Electrical Resistivity and Thermopower of Aerospace Alloys from4 to 300 K , NBS Report No. 9732, June, 1969, (60655).

291.

Milek, J. T. and S. J. Welles, Chemical Composition and ElectricalResistivity of Aluminum Alloys , Hughes Aircraft Co., Culver City,California, Report No. DS-161, April, 1969, (62104).

Powell, R. L. , Thermophysical Properties of Metals at CryogenicTemperatures , ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 387, 1966,

(36272).

Powell, R. L., J. Hall and H. M. Roder, "Low Temperature TransportProperties of Commercial Metals and Alloys", Journal of AppliedPhysics , Vol. 31 , No. 3 , 1970, pp. 496-503, (2296).

A. 2. 3. 4 Magnetic Properties of Aluminum Alloys

Blythe, H. J., T. M. Holden and M. Dixon, "The Magnetic and ThermalProperties of Some Aluminum-Rich Alloys", Philosophy Magazine

,


Dralle, A. V. and J. Moore, Magnetic Properties of Materials , GoddardSpace Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., NASA N66 23443, 1965, (38185).

A. 3 Cryogenic Properties of Steels

A. 3.1 Mechanical Properties of Steels

A. 3. 1.1 Tensile Properties of Steels

Abbott, W. K. , "Low Temperature Properties of Austenitic Ductile Iron",

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 8 , Plenum Press, New York,

1962, pp. 654-660, (12996).

Brickner, K. G. , "Selection of Stainless Steels for Cryogenic Service",Cryogenic Industrial Gases , Vol. 4 , No. 9 , September, 1969,

pp. 30-32, (61746).

Brickner, K. G. , "Stainless Steels for Room and Cryogenic Temperatures",Metals Engineering Quarterly , Vol. 8 , May, 1968, pp. 1-29, (57684).

Campbell, R. W. and J. E. Browning, "Materials of Construction forCryogenic Processes", Chemical Engineering , Vol. 74 , No . 22 ,

October, 1967, (48334).

Campbell, J. E. and L. P. Rice, Properties of Some Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels and Low-Alloy High-Strength Steelsat Very Low Temperatures , ASTM Special Technical PublicationNo. 287, 1961, (25489).

Christian, J. L., Evaluation of Materials and Test Methods at CryogenicTemperatures , General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, ReportNo. ERR-AN-400, December, 1963, (40145).

292.

Christian, J. L. , Mechanical Properties of High Strength Sheet Materialsat Cryogenic Temperatures , General Dynamics /Convair, San Diego,Report No. ERR-AN-255, November, 1962, (16854).

Christian, J. L. , Mechanical Properties of Type 202 Stainless Steelat Cryogenic Temperatures , General Dynamics/Convair, San Diego,Report No. MGR-298, March, 1962, (14158).

Christian, J. L. , J. E. Chafey, A. Hurlich and J. F. Watson, "A Studyof Brittle Fracture in Cryogenic Alloys", Metal Progress , Vol.

83, No. 5 , May, 1963, pp. 103-106, (18519).

Christian, J. L. , J. E. Chafey, A. Hurlich and J. F. Watson, "StructuralAlloys for Cryogenic Service", Metals Progress , Vol. 83 , No. 3,

1963, pp. 101-104, (21153).

"Cryogenic Materials Data Aid Design and Selection", Product Engineering ,

Vol. 37 , No. 13 , June, 1966, pp. 40-44, (37573).

Death, F. J. and H. M. Long, "The Low Temperature Mechanical Propertiesof Some Selected Austenitic Manganese Steels", Advances in


pp. 421-429, (8993).

Desisto, T. S. , "Low Temperature Charpy, True Stress-Strain, and NotchedTensile Properties of Bare and Weld Deposits of AISI Types 301,

310, 316 and 347 Stainless Steels", ASTM Proceedings , No. 62,

1963, pp. 756-764, (27757).

Desisto, T. S., Low Temperature Mechanical Properties of Base and WeldDeposits of Selected Austenitic Stainless Steels , Army MaterialsResearch Agency, Watertown, Mass., Technical Report No. AMRA-TR-63-08, July, 1963, (18452).

Desisto, T. S. and L. C. Carr, "Low Temperature Mechanical Propertiesof 300 Series Stainless Steel and Titanium", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 6 , Plenum Press, New York, 1961, pp. 577-586,(11360).

Emerging Aerospace Materials , Air Force Materials Lab, Wright-PattersonAFB, Ohio, Technical Report No. 65-114, April, 1965, (41875).

Everhart, J. L. , "How to Select Steels for Low Temperature Service",Material Methods , Vol. 35 , No. 800 , January, 1952, pp. 75-79, (73).

Fushima, K. , H. Yonemitsu, H. Okamoto and E. Fukushima, "TensileProperties of Various Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures",Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 15 , Plenum Press, NewYork, 1970, pp. 102-108, (60929).

Gindin, I. A., M. B. Lazareva and A. S. Nikislov, et Al., "MechanicalProperties of Sturctural Alloys at Low Temperatures", Metalloved

,

No. 5 , May, 1964, pp. 44-46, (40746).

1

293.

Glasier, L. F. , Design Allowable Tensile Yield Strength Data , Aerojet-General Corp., Sacramento, Calfironia, Report No. 63 538,

September, 1963, (24131).

Guntner, C. J. and R. P. Reed, "Martensitic Transformation Productsand Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels at

Low Temperatures", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 7 ,


Guntner, C. J. and R. P. Reed, "Mechanical Properties of Four AusteniticStainless Steels at Temperatures Between 300 Degrees and 20

Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 6 , PlenumPress, New York, 1961, pp. 565-576, (11359).

Hall, E. R. , Tensile and Impact Properties of Cast Stainless Steelsat Cryogenic Temperatures , ASTM Special Technical Publication 302,

1961, (13214).

Hefferman, J. D. , "Nine Percent Nickel Steel Holds Helium at Minua320 Degrees F", Chemical Engineering , Vol. 69 , No. 21 , October,1962, pp. 210-212, (14062).

Hickel, R. 0., D. F. Johnson and R. H. Kemp. "A Summary of the

Behavior of Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures", MetalsEngineering Quarterly , Vol. 3 , No . 2 , May, 1963, pp. 18-28,

(19718).

Hoke, J. H. , P. G. Mabus and G. N. Goller, "Mechanical Properties of

Stainless Steels at Subzero Temperatures", Metals Progress,

Vol. 55 , 1949, pp. 643-648, (89).

Iannelli, A. A. and F. J. Rizzitano, Notched Properties of High StrengthAlloys at Various Load Rates and Temperatures , Army MaterialsResearch Agency, Watertown, Mass., Technical Report No. AMRA-TR-66-13, July, 1966, (45416).

Ishizaka, Y. , "Recent Developments in Low Temperature Service SteelPlates", Chemical Economics Engineering Review , Vol. 2 , No. 4 ,

1970, pp. 21026, (85123).

Keay, L. K. , "Nine Percent Nickel Steel in Low Temperature Service",Welding and Metal Fabrication , Vol. 30 , No. 9 , September, 1962,

pp. 365-367, (16742).

Kiefer, T. F. , R. D. Keys and F. R. Schwartzberg, Determination o f


Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Final Report CR-65-70, October,

1965, (31808).

Klouman, G. H. , "Special Purpose and High Strength Steels", ChemicalEngineering Progress , Vol. 60 , No. 7 , July, 1964, pp. 100-106,

(23300).

294,

Kovneristyi, Yu. K. , "Structure and Properties of Steels Used at

Cryogenic Temperatures", Metalloved . , No. 9 , 1969, (69425).

Kropschot, R. H. , "The Mechanical Properties of Materials in

Cryogenic Environments", Applied Cryogenic Engineering for

Ballistic Missiles and Space Vehicles , John Wiley and Sons,

Inc., New York, 1962, pp. 44-59, (12261).

Kropschot, R. H. , "The Mechanical Properties Testing Program at theNBS-AEC Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory", Advances in


pp. 235-241, (2564).

Kropschot, R. H. and W. F. Graham, Mechanical Properties of theAustenitic Stainless Steels at Low Temperatures , NBS ReportNo. 5009, August, 1956, (12692).

Kropschot, R. H. , R. M. McClintock and D. A. Van Gundy, "MechanicalProperties of Some Engineering Materials Between 20 Degrees Kand 300 Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 2 ,


Kula, E. B. and C. F. Hickey, Evaluation of Maragin Steel at US ArmyMaterials Research Agency , AFSC 3rd Maragin Steel Project Review,Dayton, Ohio, July, 1963, (27020).

Lismer, R. E. , "The Properties of Some Metals and Alloys at LowTemperatures", Journal of the Institute of Metals , Vol. 89 ,

No. 5, 1961, pp. 145-161, (9825).

Low Temperature and Cryogenic Steels , U.S. Steel Corporation, MaterialsManual ADUSS 01-1206, February, 1966, (34315).

"Low Temperature and Cryogenic Steels, How to Choose, Use and Weld Them",Welding Design and Fabrication , Vol. 37 , April, 1964, pp. 51-66,

(22658).

Maiden, C. J., Some Investigations of the Dynamic Strength of LowCarbon Steels , Canadian Armament Research Development Establishment,Technical Memo No. CARDE-AB-58, March, 1960, (17206).

Martin, H. L., Effects of Low Temperatures on Structural Metals , NASASpecial Publication No. SP-5012, December, 1964, (24746).

Martin, H. L. and A. G. Ingram, "Effects of Low Temperature onStructural Metals", Journal of Metals , Vol. 17 , No. 7 , July,

1965, p. 735, (31049).

Martin, H. L. , P. C. Miller, A. G. Ingram and J. E. Campbell, TheEffects of Low Temperatures on the Mechanical Properties of

Structural Metals , Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio,

Report No. NASA-SP-5012, 1968, (45671).

295.

"Materials for Large Cryogenic Structures", Environmental Quarterly,

Vol. 12 , No. 1, March, 1966, (38688).


McClintock, R. M. and H. P. Gibbons, Mechanical Properties of

Structural Materials at Low Temperatures, A Compilation fromthe Literature , NBS Monograph No. 13 , June, 1960, (9176).

McGee, R. L. , et al., "How Low Temperature Affects Nine High StrengthAlloys", Materials Design Engineering , Vol. 5 , 1959, pp. 106-107,(7541).

McGee, R. L. , J. E. Campbell, R. L. Carlson, et al., The MechanicalProperties of Certain Aircraft Structural Metals at Very LowTemperatures , Bat telle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, WADCReport No. 58-386, November, 1958, (7507).

Miska, K. H. , "Conventional Alloys Solve Cryogenic Problems", MaterialsEngineering , Vol. 76 , No. 2 , August, 1972, (80573).

Modi, E. K. , "Austenitic Cast Irons for High and Low Temperatures",Subzero Technical Review , Vol. 49 , No. 2 , 1967, pp. 116-126,

(50716).

"Nickel Steel for Low Temperature Applications',' Machinery , Vol. 96 ,

January, 1960, p. 183, (27327).

Parker, C. M. and J. W. Sullivan, "How to Select Low Temperature Steels",Machinery Design , Vol. 36 , No . 1 , January, 1964, pp. 100-111,

(21684).

Parker, C. M. , J. W. Sullivan, "Steel for Cryogenic EnvironmentsProperties-Selection-Uses", Cryogenic Engineering News , Vol. 1 ,

No. 1 , August, 1965, pp. 33-38, (31591).

Parker, C. M. and J. W. Sullivan, "Steels for Low Temperatures",Industrial Engineering Chemistry , Vol. 55 , No. 5 , May, 1963,

pp. 18-29, (15758).

"Properties of Alloys for Low Temperature and Cryogenic Service",Metal Progress , Vol. 104 , No. 1 , June, 1973, (86893).

Rowden, S., "Engineering Steels and Alloys for Low Temperature Service",Engineering Material Design , Vo 1 . 5 , March, 1962, pp. 191-196,

(25114).

Swenson, C. A. , "The Compressive Strengths of Some Technical MetalsBetween 4.2 Degrees and 300 Degrees K", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 1 , Plenum Press, New York, 1960, pp. 251-254,

(4816).

296.

"Table of Typical Properties of Wrought Stainless Steel", Metals

Progress , Vol. 9 2, No. 2 , August, 1967, pp. 106-109, (46056).

"Toughness at Low Temperatures Offered by Nickel Steels", ChemicalProcessing , Vol. 24 , June, 1961, pp. 43-45, (19676).

"Typical Properties of Wrought Stainless Steels", Metal Progress,

Vol. 104 , No. 1 , June, 1973, pp. 32-37, (86890).


Alloy Steels and Aluminum and Titanium Alloys , Naval AirEngineering Center, Aeronautical Materials Lab, Philadelphia,Report No. NAEC-AML-2111, March, 1965, (29137).

Warren, K. A. and R. P. Reed, Tensile and Impact Properties of

Selected Materials From 20 to 300 Degrees K , NBS MonographNo. 63 . June, 1963, (17164).

Watson, J. F. and J. L. Christian, Low Temperature Properties of Cold-Rolled AISI Types 301, 302, 304 ELC and 310 Stainless Steel

Sheet , ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 287, 1960, (7963).

Watson, J. F. and J. L. Christian, The Effect of Cryogenic Temperatureson the Mechanical Properties of High Strength Sheet Alloys

,

General Dynamics /Convair, San Diego, Report No. ERR-AN-003,May, 1960, (14148).

Weleff, W. , W. F. Emmons and H. S. McQueen, "Shear Strength of SeveralAlloys at Liquid Hydrogen Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 10 , Plenum Press, New York, 1965, pp. 50-55,

(23923).


Witzell, W. E. and N. R. Adsit, "Temperature Effects on Fracture",Fracture, An Advanced Treatise , Vol. 4 , Academic Press, Inc.,New York, 1969, pp. 69-112, (63136).

Yang, C. T. , Cryogenic Temperature Dependence on the Yield Strengthof High-Strength Alloys , ASME Paper No. 65-PROD-14, June, 1965,

(29898).

A. 3. 1.2 Proportional Limit of Steels

Hoke, J. H. , P. G. Mabus and G. N. Goller, "Mechanical Properties of

Stainless Steels at Subzero Temperatures", Metal Progress , Vol. 55 ,

1949, pp. 643-648, (89).

297.

A. 3. 1.3 Elastic Modulii of Steels

Armstrong, P. E. and D. T. Eash, "Simultaneous Measurement of Youngsand the Shear Modulus at Low Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 14 , Plenum Press, New York, 1969, pp. 64-70,

(52711).

Fahey, N. H. , Ultrasonic Determination of Elastic Constants at Roomand Low Temperatures , Watertown Arsenal Labs, Mass., TechnicalReport No. WAL-TR-118. 1/1, April, 1960, (8544).

Gudkov, S. I. , Mechanical Properties of Steel at Low Temperatures ,

Translation No. FTD-HT-23-624-68, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio,

June, 1969, (66379).

Haskins, J. F., Measurement of the Elastic Properties of 300 SeriesStainless Steels at Cryogenic Temperatures by UltrasonicTechniques , General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, Report No.

ERR-AN-055, April, 1961, (12826).

Kovneristyi, Yu. K. , "Structure and Properties of Steels Used atCryogenic Temperatures", Metalloved . , No. 9-10 , 1969, pp. 683-

695, (69425).

A. 3. 1.4 Poisson's Ratio of Steels

Fahey, N. H. , Ultrasonic Determination of Elastic Constants at Roomand Low Temperatures , Watertown Arsenal Labs, Mass, TechnicalReport No. WAL-TR-118. 1/1 , April, 1960, (8544).

Haskins, J. F. , Measurement of the Elastic Properties of 300 SeriesStainless Steels at Cryogenic Temperatures by Ultrasonic Techniques

,

General Dynamics / Astronautics, San Diego, Report No. ERR-AN-055,April, 1961, (12826).

A. 3. 1.5 Elongation and Reduction in Area of Steels

Death, F. S. and H. M. Long, "The Low Temperature Mechanical Propertiesof Some Selected Austenitic Manganese Steels", Advances in


pp. 421-429, (8993).

Drobnjak, D. J. and J. G. Parr, "Low Temperature Tensile Propertiesand Notch Ductility of Low Carbon Steel Sheet", MetalsEngineering Quarterly , Vol. 9 , No. 4 , November, 1969, pp. 57-59,

(69363).

Guntner, C. J. and R. P. Reed, "Mechanical Properties of Four AusteniticStainless Steels at Temperatures Between 300 Degrees and 20

Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 6 , Plenum Press,

New York, 1961, pp. 567-576, (11359).

'

298.

Iannelli, A. A. and F. J. Rizzitano, Notched Properties of HighStrength Alloys at Various Load Rates and Temperatures , ArmyMaterials Research Agency, Watertown, Mass., Technical ReportNo. AMRA-TR-66-13, July, 1966, (45416).

Lismer, R. E. , "Properties of Metals at Low Temperatures", MachineDesign , Vol. 33 , No. 6 , March, 1961, pp. 182-187, (10009).

"Table of Typical Properties of Wrought Stainless Steels", MetalProgress , Vol. 92 , No. 2 , August, 1967, pp. 106-109, (46046).

A. 3. 1.6 Torsional Properties of Steels

Fahey, N. H. , Ultrasonic Determination of Elastic Constants at Roomand Low Temperatures , Watertown Arsenal Labs, Mass., TechnicalReport No. WAL-TR-118.1/1, April, 1960, (8544).

Kropschot, R. H. , R. M. McClintock and D. A. Van Gundy, "MechanicalProperties of Some Engineering Materials between 20 Degrees K

and 300 Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 2,

Plenum Press, New York, pp. 93-99, (8844).

Mima, G. and S. Hori, "Torsional Deformation Characteristics of

Low Carbon Steel at Low Temperatures", Technological Representative,

Osaka University , Vol. 16 , March, 1966, pp. 345-352, (40766).

A. 3. 1.7 Notch Toughness of Steels

Guntner, C. J. and R. P. Reed, "Mechanical Properties of FourAustenitic Stainless Steels at Temperatures Between 300 Degreesand 20 Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 6

,


Hodge, J. M. , Steels of Improved Fracture Toughness , ASTM SpecialTechnical Publication No. 302, March, 1962, pp. 96-112, (14665).

"Nine Percent Nickel for Low Temperatures", British Chemical Engineering ,

Vol. 7 , June, 1962, p. 442, (25120).

Schwartzberg, F. R. , "A Review of Cryogenic Fracture ToughnessBehavior", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 12 , PlenumPress, New York, 11967, pp. 458-472, (38050).

Shoemaker, A. K. and S. T. Rolfe, The Static and Dynamic LowTemperature Crack-Toughness Performance of Seven StructuralSteels , U.S. Steel Corp., Monroeville, Pa., Report No. ARL-B-63302, November, 1968, (72033).

299,

Susukida, H. , T. Ando and I. Tsuji, Characteristics of 9 PercentNickel_Steel for Low Temperature Service , Mitsubichi HeavyIndustries, Tokyo, Technical Bulletin MTB 010053, October,

1967, (51242).

Viglione, J. and W. F. Worden, Fracture Toughness Properties of

Some Alloy Steels and Aluminum and Titanium Alloys , NavalAir Engineering Center, Aeronautical Materials Lab, Phila-delphia, Report No. NAWC-AML-2111, March 1965, (29137).

Visheysky, C. and E. A. Steigerwald, Influence of Alloying Elementson the Toughness of Low Alloy Martensitic High Strength Steels

,

TRW, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, Report No. ER-7217-l-AMMRC-CR-68-09(F), November, 1968, (60562).

A. 3. 1.8 Fatigue Properties of Steels

Barron, R. F., "Low Temperature Properties of Engineering Materials",Machine Design , Vol. 32 , March, 1960, pp. 189-195, (10356).

Brickner, K. G., "Stainless Steels for Room and Cryogenic Temperatures",Materials Engineering Quarterly , Vol. 8 , May, 1968, pp. 1-29,

(57684).

"Cryogenic Materials Data Aid Design and Selection", ProductEngineering , Vol. 37 , No. 13 , June, 1966, pp. 40-44, (37573).

Fushimi, K. , H. Okamoto and K. Fukushima, "Testings of Strength of

Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures", Cryogenic Engineering,

Vol. 5 , No. 2 , 1970, pp. 105-112, (65749).

Gideon, D. N. , R. J. Favor, A. Koppenhafer and H. J. Grover,Investigation of Notch Fatigue Behavior of Certain Alloys in

the Temperature Range of Room Temperature to -423 Degrees F,

Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, Technical ReportASD-TDR-62-351, August, 1962, (14557).

Hurlich, A. and W. G. Scheck, Evaluation and Application of

Stainless Steels in Cryogenic Service , ASTM Special TechnicalPublication No. 369, 1965, (44534).

Kikukawa, M. , M. Jono, T. Kamata and T. Nakano, "Low-Cycle FatigueProperties of Steels at Low Temperatures", Proceedings of the

Japanese Congress of Materials Research , Vol. 13 , 1970,

pp. 69-72, (85216).

Ohuchida, H. , "Fatigue Strength of Notched Specimens at Low Temperatures",Bulletin of JSME , Vol. 11 , April, 1968, pp. 220-228, (58153).

300.


Low Temperature Fatigue Properties of Structural Metal Alloys .

Martin Co., Denver, Colorado, Report No. CR-64-74, October,

1964, (23894).

Susukida, H. , T. Ando and I. Tsiji, Characteristics of 9 PercentNickel Steel for Low Temperature Service , Mitsubishi HeavyIndustries, Tokyo, Technical Bulletin MTB 010053, October,

1967, (51242).

A. 3.

2

Thermophysical Properties of Steels

A. 3. 2.1 Thermal Conductivity of Steels

Brickner, K. G. , "Stainless Steels for Room and Cryogenic Temperatures",Metals Engineering Quarterly , Vol. 8 , May, 1968, pp. 1-29,

(57684).

Chari, M. S. R. and J. DeNobel, "Thermal Conductivity of Some Non-Superconducting Alloys at Low Temperatures", Communicationsfrom Kammerlingh Onnes Lab , No. 115C, 1959, (8525).

Hust, J. G. and L. L. Sparks, Thermal Conductivity Standard ReferenceMaterials from 4 to 300 K , NBS Report No. 9786, February, 1971,

(70565).

Low Temperature and Cryogenic Steels , U.S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh,Pa., Materials Manual ADUSS 01-1206, February, 1966, (34315).

Powell, R. L. , Thermophysical Properties of Metals at CryogenicTemperatures , ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 387,

1966, (36272).

Prober t, D., "Heat Transport in a Stainless Steel at Very LowTemperatures", Nature , Vol. 201 , 1964, pp. 283-284, (22867).

A. 3. 2. 2 Specific Heat of Steels

Brickner, K. G., "Stainless Steels for Room and Cryogenic Temperatures",Materials Engineering Quarterly , Vol. 8 , May, 1968, pp. 1-29,

(57684).

Corruccini, R. J., "Properties of Materials at Low Temperatures",Chemical Engineering Progress , Vol. 53 , No. 6 , 1957, pp. 262-

267, (3891).

Dillard, D. S. and K. D. Timmerhaus, Thermal" Transport Propertiesof Selected Solids at Low Temperatures, AICHE 16th AnnualMeeting Paper No. 30A, November, 1967, (49650).

301.

Du Chatenier, F. J., "Specific Heat Capacity of a Stainless Steel",

Physica , Vol. 31 , No. 7 , July, 1965, pp. 1061-1062, (30864).


ZZL-65-008, February, 1965, (34723).

Low Temperature and Cryogenic Steels , U.S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh,Pa., Materials Manual ADUSS 01-1206, February, 1966, (34315).

Mazur, J. and W. Zacharko, "The Specific Heat of Carbon Steels at

Helium Temperatures", Acta Physica Polonia , Vol. 32 , No. 3 ,

Spetember, 1967, pp. 501-514, (49754).

Zoller, P., P. R. Dicher and J. R. Dillinger, "Anamolous LowTemperature Specific Heat of Austenitic Stainless Steels",Journal of Applied Physics , Vol. 40 , No. 4 , March, 1969,

pp. 1964-1966, (59924).

A. 3. 2. 3 Thermal Expansion of Steels

Abbott, W. K. , "Low Temperature Properties of Austenitic DuctileIrons", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 8 , PlenumPress, New York, 1963, pp. 654-660, (12996).

Campbell, R. W. and J. E. Browning, "Materials of Constructionfor Cryogenic Processes", Chemical Engineering , Vol. 74 , No . 22

,

October, 1967, (48334).

Corruccini, R. J. and J. J. Gniewek, Thermal Expansion of TechnicalSolids at Low Temperatures , NBS Monograph No. 29, May, 1966,(11486).

Horton, J. C, C. F. Smith and R. C. Ruff, Low Temperature ThermalExpansion of Structural Metals , NASA, Marshal Space FlightCenter, Huntsville, Alabama, Technical Memo No. X-53436, April,1966, (40641).

Johnston, H. L. and H. W. Altman, "Coefficients of Thermal Expansionof Alloys at Low Temperatures", Journal of Chemical EngineeringData , Vol. 10 , No. 3 , July, 1965, pp. 241-242, (29823).

Johnston, H. L. , R. W. Powers and H. W. Altman, "Accurate Measurementof Certain Physical Properties Down to 20 Degrees K", Advancesin Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 1 , Plenum Press, New York,1960, pp. 267-269, (2952).

Loeb, M. B. , "Thermal Contraction Graphs for Cryogenic Temperatures",Chemical Engineering , Vol. 77 , No. 13 , June, 1970, (65622).

302.

Schwartzberg, F. R. , "Selecting Structural Materials for CryogenicService", Metal Progress , Vol. 96 , No. 1 , July, 1969, pp. 52-

57, (60845).

A. 3. 2.4 Density of Steels

Haskins, J. F., Measurement of the Elastic Properties of 300 Series

Stainless Steels at Cryogenic Temperatures by UltrasonicTechniques , General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, R.eport

No. ERR-AN-055, April, 1961, (12826).

Lucks, C. F. and H. W. Deem, Thermal Properties of Thirteen Metals,

ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 227, 1958, (8589).

Lucks, C. F. , H. B. Thompson, A. R. Smith, et al., The ExperimentalMeasurement of Thermal Conductivities, Specific Heats, andDensities of Metallic, Transparent and Protective Materials

,

Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, Report No.

TR-6145-1, February, 1951, (46127).

A. 3. 3 Electrical Conductivity of Steels

Clark, A. F., G. E. Childs and G. H. Wallace, "Low TemperatureElectrical Resistivity of Some Engineering Alloys", Advancesin Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 15, Plenum Press, New York,

1970, pp. 85-90, (58031).

Grigsby, D. L. , Electrical Resistivity of Selected Materials,

Electronic Properties Information Center, Culver City, California,Report No. 44, December, 1966, (54062).

Koval, Yu. N., P. V. Titan and L. G. Khandros, "Variation in theElectrical Resistivity of Steel at Temperatures Below Room Level",Physical Metals Metallographer , Vol. 27 , No. 5 , May, 1969, (71172).

Milek, J. T., Electrical and Magnetic Properties of the 300 SeriesStainless Steel , Electronic Properties Information Center, CulverCity, California, Report No. IR-3, July, 1965, (33847).

Stutius, W. and J. R. Dillinger, "Magnetic and Thermal Propertiesof Some Austenitic Stainless Steels at Low Temperatures", Journalof Applied Physics , Vol. 44 , No. 6 , June, 1973, pp. 2887-2888,(86863).

A. 3. 4 Magnetic Properties of Steels

Brechna, H. , Materials in Electromagnets and their Properties,

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, CaliforniaReport No. SLAC-PUB-320, 1967, (45987).

303.

Droll, P. W. and E. J. Lufer, Magnetic Properties of SelectedSpace-Craft Materials , NASA, Ames Research Center, MoffettField, California, Technical Memo No. X-60414, 1967, (55035).

Efferson, K. R. and W. J. Leonard, Magnetic Properties of Some

Structural Materials Used in Cryogenic Applications , OakRidge National Lab, Tennessee, Report No. ORNL-4150,

September, 1967, (51283).

Flansburg, L. D. and N. Hershkowitz, "Magnetism in AusteniticStainless Steels", Journal of Applied Physics , Vol. 41 , No. 10 ,

September, 1970, pp. 4082-4086, (66924).

Guntner, C. J. and R. P. Reed, "Mechanical Properties of FourAustenitic Stainless Steels at Temperatures Between 300Degrees and 20 Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering ,

Vol. 6, Plenum Press, New York, 1961, pp. 565-576, (11359).

Larbalestier, D. C. and H. W. King, "Austenitic Stainless Steels at

Cryogenic Temperatures. 1 - Structural Stability and MagneticProperties", Cryogenics , Vol. 13 , No. 3 , March, 1973,

pp. 160-180, (86316).

Salinger, G. L. and J. C. Wheatley, "Magnetic Susceptibility of

Materials Commonly Used in the Construction of CryogenicApparatus", Review of Scientific Instrumentation , Vol. 32 ,

No. 7 , July, 1961, pp. 872-874, (12728).

A 4 Cryogenic Properties of Polymers

A. 4. 1 Mechanical . Properties o. : Polymers

A 4. 1. 1 Tensile Properties of Polymers

Armeniades, C. D., I. Kuriyama, J. M. Roe and E. Baer, MechanicalBehavior of Polyethylene Terephthalate at Cryogenic Temperatures .

Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland, Ohio, Report No. NASA-CR-88270, 1966, (48857).

Bringer, R. P., Fluorocarbon Plastics Under the Influence ofUnusual Environmental Conditions , Society of AerospaceMaterials and Process Engineers National Symposium, St. Louis,May, 1962, Paper, (15395).

Brink, N. 0. , Determination of the Performance of Plastic LaminatesUnder Cryogenic Temperatures , Narmco Research and Development,San Diego, Report No. ASD-TDR-62-794, August, 1962, (15516).

Brink, N. 0. , Mechanical Behavior of Reinforced Plastics atCryogenic Temperatures , Narmco Research and Development, SanDiego, Paper, (21143).

304,

Chamberlain, D. W. , "Tensile Fatigue Testing at Temperatures Downto 20 Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 9 ,


Chamberlain, D. W. , B. R. Lloyd and R. L. Tennent, Determinationof the Performance of Plastic Laminates at Cryogenic Temperatures ,

Narmco Research and Development, San Diego, Report No. ASD-TDR-62-794, March, 1964, (23324).

Evans, D. , R. Sheldon and G. B. Stapleton, Properties of ThermoplasticMaterials at Low Temperatures , 15th Cryogenic EngineeringConference, Los Angeles, California, June, 1969, Paper J-5,

(60943).

Hargreaves, R. and D. H. Tantam, "Performance of Some Plain BearingMaterials Under Boundary Conditions at Low Temperatures",Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers , Vol. 175 ,

No. 20, 1961, pp. 941-954, (15506).

Hauck, J. E., "Epoxy Plastics", Materials Design in Engineering,

Vol. 61, No. 1, January, 1965, pp. 111-122, (25905).

Hertz, J., Tensile Testing of Adlock 851, Adlock PG-LA and AdlockEG-11A-81A From -423 Degrees F to 78 Degrees F , GeneralDynamics/Convair , San Diego, Report MRG 237, July, 1961,

(11849).

Hertz, J., Tensile Testing of Conolon 506 at Room and Sub-ZeroTemperatures , General Dynamics/Convair, San Diego, ReportMRG-120, December, 1959, (11852).

Hertz, J., "The Effect of Cryogenic Temperatures on the MechanicalProperties of Reinforced Plastic Laminates", SPE Journal , Vol.

21, February, 1965, pp. 181-189, (28613).

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Dyment, J. and H. Ziebland, "The Tensile Properties of Some Plasticsat Low Temperatures", Journal of Applied Chemistry , Vol. 8 ,

April, 1958, pp. 203-206, (10462).

Jacobs, H. and E. Jenckel, "The Dynamic Mechanical Properties of

Polymethane", Makromal Chemistry , Vol. 43 , No. 1-2 , 1961,

pp. 132-143, (14950).

Jolley, C. E., C. A. Homsy and J. A. Reed, "Thermoplastics TFE-FEPFluorocarbons", Machine Design , Vol. 36 , No. 22 , September,

1964, pp. 67-73, (23370).

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Jolley, C. E., C. A. Homsy and J. A. Reed, "Thermoplastics TFE-FEP Fluorocarbons", Machine Design , Vol. 36 , No. 22

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September, 1964, pp. 67-73, (23370).

Krotz, A. S., "Mechanical Characteristics of Elastomers", MachineDesign , Vol. 32 , November, 1960, pp. 146-154, (11617).

Landrock, A. H. , "Cryogenic Properties", Encyclopedia of PolymerScience and Technology , Vol. 4 , John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,

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Milek, J. T., A Survey Materials Report on Tetraf luoroethylene(TFE) , Hughes Aircraft Col, Electronic Properties InformationCenter, Culver City, California, Report No. EPIC 5-3, September,

1964, (25310).

Miller, R. N. , C. D. Bailey, S. M. Freeman, et al,, "Propertiesof Foams Adhesives and Plastic Films at Cryogenic Temperatures",Industrial Engineering Chemical Product Research and Development ,


Mowers, R. E. , Final Report - Program of Testing Non-MetallicMaterial at Cryogenic Temperatures , Rocketdyne, RocketPropulsion Lab, Edwards, California, Report No. R-3498,December, 1962, (15840).

"New Cryogenic Strength Data for Plastics", Materials in DesignEngineering , Vol. 54 , No. 3 , September, 1961, (21778).

Noonan, J. W. , "Materials in the Design of Seals for ExtremeEnvironments", Machine Design , Vol. 34 , August, 1962,

pp. 186-196, (16860).

Properties of Filled Teflon , Aero-jet General Corporation, Azusa,California, Report No. 63-135, January, 1963, (21489).

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Reid, R. P., R. E. Schramm and A. F. Clark, "Mechanical, Thermaland Electrical Properties of Selected Polymers", Cryogenics

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A. 4. 1.2 Proportional Limit of Polymers

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A. 4. 1.3 Elastic Modulii of Polymers

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Unusual Environmental Conditions , Society of AerospaceMaterials and Process Engineers National Symposium, St. Louis,May, 1962, Paper, (15395).

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267, (3891).

Crissraan, J., J. A. Sauer and A. E. Woodward, "Dynamic MechanicalBehavior of Some High Polymers at Temperatures from 6 DegreesK", Journal of Polymer Science , Vol. 2 , 1964, pp. 5074-5091,

(25220).

Crissman, J. M. , A. E. Woodward and J. A. Sauer, "Dynamic MechanicalBehavior of Polystyrene and Related Polymers at CryogenicTemperatures from 4.2 Degrees K", Journal of Polymer Science

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Vol. 3 , No. 7 , July, 1965, pp. 2693-2697, (29643).

Crissman, J. M. , A. E. Woodward and J. A. Sauer, "Dynamic MechanicalBehavior of Polystyrene and Related Polymers at CryogenicTemperatures from 4.2 Degrees K", Journal of Polymer Science ,

Vol. 3 , No. 7 , July, 1965, pp. 2693-2697, (29643).

Fahey, N. H. , Ultrasonic Determination of Elastic Constants atRoom and Low Temperatures , Watertown Arsenal, Mass. , TechnicalReport No. WAL-TR-118. 1/1, April, 1960, (8544).

Jolley, C. E. , C. A. Homsy and J. A. Reed, "Thermoplastics. TFE-FEP Fluorocarbons" , Machine Design , Vol. 36 , No. 22 , September,

1964, pp. 67-73, (23370).

Massa, D. J., "Measuring the Dynamic Moduli of Glassy Polymers,Analysis of the Rheovibron", Journal of Applied Physics , Vol. 44 ,

No. 6 , June, 1973, pp. 2595-2600, (86855).

Morgan, R. J., L. E. Neilson and R. Buchdahl, "Dynamic MechanicalProperties of a Number of Elastomers and Related Polymersfrom 4 to 250 K", Journal of Applied Physics , Vol. 42 , No. 12

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November, 1961, pp. 4653-4659, (73698).

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Mowers, R. E. , Final Report, Program of Testing NonmetallicMaterials at Cryogenic Temperatures , Rocketdyne, RocketPropulsion Lab, Edwards, California, Report No. R-3498,December, 1962, (15840).

Mowers, R., "Properties of Nonmetallic Materials at CryogenicTemperatures", Proceedings of the 1918 Summer Study onSuperconducting Devices and Accelerators , Upton, New York,April, 1966, (61250).


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Robbins, R. F. , Behavior of Polymeric Materials at CryogenicTemperatures , NBS Summary Report, May, 1967, (54892).

Ward, I. M. , "The Mechanical Behavior of Polyethylene Terephthalate",Cryogenic Properties of Polymers , Marcel Dekker, Inc. , NewYork, 1968, pp. 45-72, (63602).

A. 4. 1.4 Poisson's Ratio of Polymers

Athougies, A. D., B. T. Peterson, G. L. Salinger and C. D. Swartz,"Low Temperature Acoustically Measured Specific Heats andElastic Constants of Four Technical Polymers", Cryogenics

,

Vol. 12 , No. 2 , April, 1972, pp. 125-128, (78202).

Fahey, N. H. , Ultrasonic Determination of Elastic Constants atRoom and Low Temperatures , Watertown Arsenal Labs, Mass.,Technical Report No. WAL-TR-118.1/1, April, 1960, (8544).

A. 4. 1.5 Elongation and Reduction in Area of Polymers

Skelton, J., W. D. Freeston and M. M. Schoppee, "The Effect of

Internal Temperature Rise on the Tensile Behavior of PolymericMaterials at Subambient Temperatures", Journal of AppliedPolymeric Science , Vol. 14 , No. 11 , November, 1970, pp. 2797-

2814, (75192).

Washburn, R. M. and D. W. Karle, "New Polymers for Thermal Extremes",Industrial Research , Vol. 9 , October, 1967, pp. 94-99,

(55140).

A.4.1.6 Torsional Properties of Polymers

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"Low Temperature Acoustically Measured Specific Heats andElastic Constants of Four Technical Polymers", Cryogenics

,

Vol. 12 , No. 2 , April, 1972, pp. 125-128, (78202).

Fahey, N. H. , Ultrasonic Determination of Elastic Constants ofRoom and Low Temperatures , Watertown Arsenal Labs, Mass.,Technical REport No. WAL-TR-118.1/1, April, 1960, (8544).

Frosini, V. and A. E. Woodward, "Effects of Orientation on DynamicShear Behavior of Some Amorphous Polymers from 4.2 Degreesto 300 Degrees K", Journal of Polymer Science , Vol. 7 , No. 3 ,

1969, pp. 525-536, (61909).

Jacobs, II. and E. Jenckel, "The Dynamic Mechanical Properties ofPolyurethane", Makromolecular Chemistry , Vol. 43 , No. 1-2

,

1961, pp. 132-143, (14950).

Lieb, J. H. and R. Mowers, "Problems in Evaluating and TestingPlastics", Material Design Engineering , Vol. 53 , July, 1961,

pp. 115-118, (42962).

"Properties of Teflon at Cryogenic Temperatures", Journal of

Teflon , Vol. 8 , No. 2 , March-April, 1967, pp. 4-7, (43658).

Saam, J. C. and F. W. G. Fearon, "Properties of Polystyrene-Poly-dimethylsiloxane Block Copolymers", Industrial EngineeringChemical Production Research and Development , Vol. 10,

No. 1, March, 1971, pp. 10-14, (70232).

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A. 4. 1.7 Notch Toughness of Polymers

Armeniades, C. D., I. Kuriyama, J. M. Roe and E. Baer, MechanicalBehavior of Polyethylene Terephthalate at Cryogenic Temperatures

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NASA-CR-88270, 1966, (48857).

Metallurgy , Lawrence Radiation Lab, Berkeley, California, ReportNo. UCRL-18043, March, 1968, (57008).

Soffer, L. M. and R. Molho, "Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resinsand Glass/Epoxy Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures",Cryogenic Properties of Polymers , Marcel Dekker, Inc., NewYork, 1968, pp. 87-117, (63603).

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A.4.1.8 Fatigue Properties of Polymers

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1131, (25613).

Chamberlain, D. W. , B. R. Lloyd and R. L. Tennent, Determinationof the Performance of Plastic Laminates at CryogenicTemperatures , Narmco Research and Development, Report No.

ASD-TDR-62-794, March, 1964, (23324).

Chamberlain, D. W. , "Tensile Fatigue Testing at Temperatures Downto 20 Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 9 ,


Hertz, J., The Effect of Cryogenic Temperatures on the MechanicalProperties of Reinforced Plastic Laminates , General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, Quarterly Progress Report No. 4,

May, 1963, (17919).

Lefave, G. M. , R. Gamero and H. H. Moore, Elastomers for Use in

Cryogenic Environments , 7th National SAMPE Symposium onAdhesives and Elastomers for Environmental Extremes, LosAngeles, May, 1964, (25516).

A. 4. 2 Thermophysical Properties of Polymers

A. 4. 2.1 Thermal Conductivity of Polymers

Anderson, D. R. , "Thermal Conductivity of Polymers", Chemical Review,


Barron, R. F. , "Low Temperature Properties of Engineering Materials",Machine Design , Vol. 32 , March, 1960, pp. 189-195, (10356).

Burnier, P. H. , "Materials", Bulletin Institut International DuFroid, Annexe 1969-1971, pp. 339-364, (71753).

Campbell, M. D. , G. L. 0'Barr and J. Hertz, ThermophysicalProperties of Plastic Materials and Composites to LiquidHydrogen Temperatures , General Dynamics/Astronautics,San Diego, Report No. BVJ-63-001-8, November, 1964, (28393).

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Dillard, D. S. and K. D. Timmerhaus, Thermal Transport Propertiesof Selected Solids at Low Temperatures , 16th Annual AICHEMeeting, New York, November, 1967, Paper 30A, (49650)

.

Eiermann, K. , The Thermal Conductivity of High Polymers , AmericanChemical Society Abstract Paper, No. 145, 1963, (38079).

Hertz, J. and J. F. Haskins, "Thermal Conductivity of ReinforcedPlastics at Cryogenic Temperatures", Advances in CryogenicEngineering , Vol. 10 , Plenum Press, New York, 1965, pp. 163-

170, (34339).

Hertz, J., J. F. Haskins, J. L. Percy and M. D. Campbell, TheDetermination of Thermophysical Properties of PlasticMaterials and Composites , General Dynamics/Astronautics,San Diego, Quarterly Progress Report No. 4, July, 1963,

(19540).

Kolouch, R. L. and R. G. Brown, "Thermal Conductivities of

Polyethylene and Nylon from 1.2 Degrees to 20 Degrees K",

Journal of Applied Physics , Vol. 39 , No. 8 , July, 1968,

pp. 3999-4003, (52580).

Kondraciuk, B., R. Rafalowicz and B. Sujak, "Thermal Conductivityof High Pressure and Low Pressure Polyethylene in theTemperature Range from 3 to 300 K", Acta Physical Polonia

,

Vol. A41 , No. 2 , February, 1972, pp. 141-148, (78151).

Kropschot, R. H. , "Multiple Layer Insulation for CryogenicApplications", Cryogenics , Vol. 1 , No. 3 , March, 1961,

pp. 171-177, (10639).

Loser, J. B. and C. E. Moeller, Thermophysical Properties of ThermalInsulating Materials , Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City,Mo., Report No. ML-TDR-64-5, April, 1964, (24560).

"Low Temperature Insulations - Foams and Composites", CryogenicEngineering News , Vol. 4, No. 5, May, 1969, pp. 20-25,(59379).

Luikov, A. V., L. L. Vasiliev and A. D. Shuyrev, "ExperimentalDetermination of Thermophysical Properties of Polymer MaterialsWithin 10 to 300 K", Progress in Refrigeration Science andTechnology , Vol. 1 , Avi Publishing Co., Inc., Westport, Conn.,pp. 637-641, (87285).

Moeller, C. E. , J. B. Loser, W. E. Snyder and V. Hopkins, Thermo-physical Properties of Thermal Insulating Materials

,

Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Mo., TechnicalDocumentary Report No. ASD-TDR-62-215, July, 1962, (13888).

Probert, S. P., "Thermal Insulation", Chemical Process Engineering,

Heat Transfer Survey , 1968, pp. 175-180, (52758).

Reed, R. P., P. E. Schramm and A. F. Clark, "Mechanical, Thermaland Electrical Properties of Selected Polymers", Cryogenics

,


Reese, W. , "Temperature Dependence of the Thermal Conductivityof Amorphous Polymers", Journal of Applied Physics , Vol. 37 ,

No. 8 , July, 1966, pp. 3227-3230, (38733).

Reese, W. , "Low Temperature Thermal Conductivity of AmorphousPolymers", Journal of Applied Physics , Vol. 37 , No. 2

,

February, 1966, pp. 864-868, (34958).

A. 4. 2. 2 Specific Heat of Polymers

Athougies, A. D., B. T. Peterson, G. L. Salinger and C. D.

Swartz, "Low Temperature Acoustically Measured SpecificHeats and Elastic Constants of Four Technical Polymers",Cryogenics , Vol. 12 , No. 2 , April, 1972, pp. 125-128,(78202).

Boerio, F. J. and D. D. Cornell, "Heat Capacity of Polyoxymethylene",Journal of Polymer Science , Vol. 11 , No. 2 , January, 1973,

pp. 391-392, (85709).

Burnier, P. H., "Materials", Bulletin Institut International DuFroid , Annexe 1969-1

, pp. 339-364, (71753).

Campbell, M. D., J. F. Haskins and G. L. O'Barr, ExperimentalEvaluation of the Thermophysical Properties of Some Plasticsand Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures , 2nd Annual AIAAMeeting, San Francisco, July, 1965, Paper No. 65-423, (30547).

Clegg, G. A., D. R. Gee and T. P. Melia, "Thermal Properties ofEthylene/Propylene Copolymers", Makromolecular Chemistry

,

Vol. 116 , 1968, pp. 130-139, (56308).

Dillard, D. S. and K. D. Timmerhaus, Thermal Transport Propertiesof Selected Solids at Low Temperatures , 16th Annual AICHEMeeting, New York, November, 1967, Paper 30A, (49650).

Morrison, J. A. and D. M. T. Newsham, "Comment on Heat Capacityof Polyethylene from 2.5 Degrees to 30 Degrees K", Journalof Chemistry and Physics , Vol. 47 , No. 7 , October, 1967,

pp. 2511-2512, (47220).

Noer, R. J., C. W. Dempsey and J. E. Gordon, "Low TemperatureSpecific Heats of Three Plastics", Bulletin of AmericanPhysics Society , Vol. 4 , 1959, pp. 108-109, (4627).

313.

Noer, R. J., C. W. Dempsey and J. E. Gordon, "Low Temperature Specific

Heats of Three Plastics", Bulletin of American Physics Society,

Vol. 4 , 1959, pp. 108-109, (4627).

Passaglia, E. and H. K. Kevorkian, "Specific Heat of Atactic and

Isotactic Polypropylene and the Entropy of Glass", Journalof Applied Physics , Vol. 34 , 1963, pp. 90-97, (20443).


,


Reese, W. , "Low Temperature Excess Heat Capacity in GlassyPolymers", Journal of Applied Physics , Vol. 37, No. 11,

October, 1966, pp. 3959-3961, (39825).

Reese, W. , "Low Temperature Thermal Conductivity of AmorphousPolymers", Journal of Applied Physics , Vol. 37 , No. 2

,

February, 1966, pp. 864-868, (34958).

Sochava, I. V., Specific Heat of Polymethylmethacrylate and

Polystyrene at Low Temperatures , NTIS Accession Number 63-

13402, 1961, (18864).

Tucher, J. E. and W. Reese, "Heat Capacity of Polyethylene from 2.5Degrees to 30 Degrees K", Journal of Chemistry and Physics

,


Warfield, R. W. and M. C. Petree, Heat Capacity of AmorphousPolymers at Low Temperatures, U. S. Naval Ordnance Lab,

White Oak, Md., Report No. N0LTR-61-163, November, 1961,

(13133).

Warfield, R. W. and M. C. Petree, Thermodynamic Properties of

Polybutene-1 and Butene-1 , U. S. Naval Ordnance Lab, WhiteOak, Md., Report No. NOLTR 66-171, September, 1966, (42906).

Warifeld, R. W. and M. C. Petree, Thermodynamic Properties of Poly-ethylene , U. S. Naval Ordnance Lab, White Oak, Md., TechnicalReport No. 61-92, August, 1961, (12171).

Warfield, R. W. and M. C. Petree, Thermodynamic Properties of Poly-styrene and Styrene , U. S. Naval Ordnance Lab, White Oak,

Md., NAVWEPS Report No. 7352, September, 1960, (14831).

Wunderlich, B. and L. P. Jones, "Heat Capacities of Solid Polymers",Journal of Micromolecular Science , Serial B , Vol. 3 , March,

1969, pp. 67-79, (64351).

314.

A. 4. 2. 3 Thermal Expansion of Polymers

Bailey, C. D., Linear Thermal Expansion of Organic Materials at

Cryogenic Temperatures , Lockheed Aircraft Co., Marietta, Ga.,

Report No. ER-5682, May, 1962, (14801).

Bringer, R. P., "Thermoplastics CTFE Fluorcarbons", Machine Design ,

Vol. 36 , No. 22 , September, 1964, pp. 73-75, (23371).

Campbell, M. D. , "Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Some PlasticMaterials and Composites from Room Temperature to -253

Degrees C", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 10 , PlenumPress, New York, 1965, pp. 154-162, (23929).

Campbell, M. D., J. F. Haskins and G. L. O'Barr, ExperimentalEvaluation of the Thermophysical Properties of Some Plasticsand Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures , 2nd Annual AIAAMeeting, San Francisco, July, 1965, Paper No. 65-423, (30547).


267, (3891).

Corruccini, R. J. and J. J. Gniewek, Thermal Expansion of TechnicalSolids at Low Temperatures , NBS Monograph 29 , May, 1961,

(11486).

Dillard, D. S. and K. D. Timmerhaus, Thermal Transport Propertiesof Selected Solids at Low Temperatures, 16th Annual AICHEMeeting, New York, November, 1967, Paper 30A, (41650).

Gillespie, L. R. , D. 0. Saxton and F. M. Chapman, "A New DesignData for TFE (A New Fluorocarbon Plastic) and TFE (The ProvedStandard Fluorocarbon)", Machine Design , Vol. 32 , February,

1960, pp. 156-162, (10802).

Haldon, R. A. and R. Shima, "Thermal Expansivities of Polymers at

Cryogenic Temperatures", Macromolecules , Vol. 1 , No. 4 ,

August, 1968, pp. 340-343, (56979).

Hamilton, W. D., D. B. Greene and D. E. Davidson, "ThermalExpansion of Epoxies Between 2 and 300 Degrees K", Reviewof Scientific Instrumentation , Vol. 39 , No. 5 , May, 1968,

pp. 645-648, (50789).

Haskins, J. F. , Measured Values for the Coefficients of LinearExpansion of Polyal 420 and Conolon 506 at Low Temperatures ,

General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, Report MGR-154,

May, 1960, (11851).

315.

Haskins, J. F. , J. Hertz and M. D. Campbell, The Determinationof Thermophysical Properties of Plastic Materials and

Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures , General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, Quarterly Progress Report No. 1,

July-October, 1962, (15187).

Hertz, J., J. F. Haskins, J. L. Percy and M. D. Campbell, TheDetermination of Thermophysical Properties of PlasticMaterials and Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures , GeneralDynamics/Astronuatics, San Diego, Quarterly Progress ReportNo. 4, July, 1963, (19540).

Jolley, C. E. , C. A. Homsy and J. A. Reed, "Thermoplastics. TFE-FEP Flurocarbons", Machine Design , Vol. 36 , No. 22 , September,

1964, pp. 67-73, (23370).

Mathes, K. N. , "Electrical and Mechanical Behavior of Polymers at

Cryogenic Temperatures", SPE Journal , Vol. 20 , No. 7 , July,

1964, pp. 634-637, (23759).

Mathes, K. N. , "Properties of Dielectrics at Cryogenic Temperatures",Dielectrics in Space Symposium Westinghouse Research Labs

,

Collected Paper , Pittsburgh, Pa., Paper No. 10, July, 1963,

(21215).

Mowers, R. E. , Final Report , Program of Testing Non-MetallicMaterials at Cryogenic Temperatures , Rocketdyne, RocketPropulsion Lab, Edwards, Calif., Report No. R-3498,December, 1962, (15846).



Reed, R. P., R. E. Schramm and A. F. Clark, "Mechanical, Thermaland Electrical Properties of Selected Polymers", Cryogenics ,


Robbins, R. F. , Y. Ohori and D. H. Weitzel, "Linear ThermalExpansion of Elastomers in the Range 300 Degrees K to 76

Degrees K", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 8 , PlenumPress, New York, pp. 287-299, (13329).

Robbins, R. F., D. H. Weitzel and R. N. Herring, "The Applicationand Behavior of Elastomers at Cryogenic Temperatures",Advances in Cryogenic Engineering , Vol. 7 , Plenum Press,

New York, 1962, pp. 343-352, (41270).

Weitzel, D. H. , R. F. Robbins and R. N. Herring, Elastomeric Seals

and Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures , NBS Report No. 6749,

March, 1961, (11783).

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A. 4. 2. 4 Density of Polymers

Beecroft, R. I. and C. A. Swenson, "Behavior of Polytetrafluoro-ethylene (Teflon) Under High Pressures", Journal of AppliedPhysics , Vol. 30 , No. 11 , November, 1959, pp. 1793-1798,(12529).

Brink, N. D., Determination of the Performance of PlasticLaminates Under Cryogenic Temperatures , Narmco Researchand Development, San Diego, Report No. ASD-TDR-62-794,August, 1962, (15516).

Raskins, J., J. Hertz and M. D. Campbell, The Determination of

Thermophysical Properties of Plastic Materials and Compositesat Cryogenic Temperatures , General Dynamics/Astronautics,San Diego, Quarterly Progress Report No. 1, July-October,1962, (15187).

Skibukawa, T. and V. D. Gupta, Temperature Dependence of Modulusand Density of Nylon-6 , Textile Research Institute, Princeton,N. J., Technical Report No. 30, August, 1962, (15153).

Tucher, J. E. and W. Reese, "Heat Capacity of Polyethylene from 2.5

Degrees to 30 Degrees K", Journal of Chemical Physics , Vol. 46 ,

No. 4 , February, 1967, pp. 1388-1397, (42990).

A. 4. 3 Electrical Conductivity of Polymers

Chan, W. S. and A. K. Jonscher, "Structural and Electrical Propertiesof Solid Polymeric Carbon Disulphide", Physical Status Solidi

,

Vol. 32 , No. 2 , April, 1969, pp. 749-761, (61027).



A. 4. 4 Magnetic Properties of Polymers

Hord, G. M. , "Low Temperature Magnetic Susceptibility of Pyrex,Fused Quartz and Polytetrafluoroethylene", Review of ScientificInstrumentation , Vol. 37 , No. 4 , April, 1966, pp. 515-516,

(35228).

Salinger, G. L. and J. C. Wheatley, "Magnetic Susceptibility of

Materials Commonly Used in the Construction of CryogenicApparatus", Review of Scientific Instrumentation , Vol. 32

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No. 7, July, 1961, pp. 872-874, (12728).

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