Proper Stuff New

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1What is a centrifugal pump and what role does it play in our lives?

Have you ever looked at a fire truck or a fountain in the park and wondered how they pump water?

Or have you wondered how fighter jets can be refuelled or cars on a factory line can be painted so

quickly?

They use centrifugal pumps!

Despite being one of the simplest pieces of equipment in any process plant, it is one of the most

important.

Essentially, they transport a fluid while adding pressure and energy to it.

4Ever seen one before?

From Wikipedia

There are two main parts to a centrifugal pump:

The volute casing (The case)

The impeller (A shaft with vanes attached; sort of like a fan)

Powered by a motor

7Why do we use it?Advantages?

The relatively easy maintenance and high efficiencies that are typically associated with

centrifugal pumps often make them the most cost effective solution (Bachus &Custodio

2006, p.76). Centrifugal pumps are utilised widely throughout the chemical and process

industry, as they can effectively handle most low viscosity applications (Bachus &Custodio

2006, p.78).


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Other features such as smooth flow though the pump and uniform discharge pressure add

to the overall practicality (Munson et al. 2008, p.654).Durability is also an attribute

centrifugal pumps possess due to their simple principle of operation.

8How does a centrifugal pump work?

9

Figure 1.3.2.1Schematic diagram of basic elements of a centrifugal pump. (Munson et

al. 2008, p. 564)

http://www.directindustry.com/prod/andritz-ag-pumps-division/single-stage-vortex-

centrifugal-pumps-26150-397459.html

Whats the Principle of operation? Translation How does a centrifugal pump work?
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The impeller, which is attached to a rotating shaft powered by a motor or driver, consists of

a number of blades Due to the rotation of the impeller, fluid is sucked through the eye of

the casing and flows radially outward to the periphery of the blades. The rotating vanes add

energy to the fluid, simultaneously increasing the pressure and absolute velocity. The shaft

rotates at the same speed as the blades and transfers energy from the motor to the fluid.The motor converts electricity to mechanical energy.

The result:

Here are some videos that might be good illustrations

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrChdDwHybY&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDvRnKXobnk&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3aPHmZ97yM

13Real life analogue

The fan consists of a rotating arrangement of vanes or blades which act on the air. The rotating

assembly of blades and hub is known as an impeller, a rotor, or a runner. Usually, it is contained

within some form of housing or case. A household cooling fan transports a fluid, namely air, from one

part of the room to another at a higher pressure. BUT, there is a difference you need to understand,

http://www.ehow.com/about_4617017_car-water-pumps.html

http://foxabovegroundpools.com/product/intex-saltwater-pool-filter-pump-system-krystal-clear-

54611e.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrChdDwHybY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrChdDwHybY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDvRnKXobnk&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDvRnKXobnk&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3aPHmZ97yMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3aPHmZ97yMhttp://www.ehow.com/about_4617017_car-water-pumps.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_4617017_car-water-pumps.htmlhttp://foxabovegroundpools.com/product/intex-saltwater-pool-filter-pump-system-krystal-clear-54611e.htmlhttp://foxabovegroundpools.com/product/intex-saltwater-pool-filter-pump-system-krystal-clear-54611e.htmlhttp://foxabovegroundpools.com/product/intex-saltwater-pool-filter-pump-system-krystal-clear-54611e.htmlhttp://foxabovegroundpools.com/product/intex-saltwater-pool-filter-pump-system-krystal-clear-54611e.htmlhttp://foxabovegroundpools.com/product/intex-saltwater-pool-filter-pump-system-krystal-clear-54611e.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_4617017_car-water-pumps.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3aPHmZ97yMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDvRnKXobnk&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrChdDwHybY&feature=related


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OmpnfL5PCw

http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/link-to-youtube-minute-second/

Specific theory

What is fluid mechanics?

Fluid mechanics is a branch of applied physics that deals with the behaviour of fluids at rest and in

motion and the energies and forces that relate to that behaviour.

Behaviour

General background theory

Mechanical Energy equation

Continuity eqn.

What is pressure head/efficiency

How efficiency is optimised.

Explanation of equations

Pressure head

Efficiency and throughput
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OmpnfL5PCwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OmpnfL5PCwhttp://www.mattcutts.com/blog/link-to-youtube-minute-second/http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/link-to-youtube-minute-second/http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/link-to-youtube-minute-second/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OmpnfL5PCw


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Performance Curves

Performance Curves indicate the relative performance of a specific pump for the diameters of

blade used in that pump.

Pump performance comes from the amount of head, i.e. pressure it can generate in relation toits capacity or flow rate.

Munson, RB, Young, FD, Okiishi, HT, Huebsch, WW 2009, Fundamentals of Fluid

Mechanics, Sixth Edition, John Willey & Sons, New Jersey.

Pump performance curves and their importance (BEP)

-It is impossible to predict pump performance accurately on a completely theoretical basis due to

the general complexity of the flow through a centrifugal pump.Experimental tests are

performed to determine the actual pump performance. Pump characteristics are determined

and presented as the pump performance curvesfrom these tests. This ishelpful to theengineer responsible for the incorporating pumps into a given flow system.

Where would it be used? Who uses it? Real-life examples

What are some of the Advantages/ Disadvantages of a centrifugal pump?

Small and compact.

Simplistic Design makes repair easy

Higher output than most other pumps of the same size.

Can be connected directly to a power source

Disadvantages

Must be underwater or primed before operation can be effective

Cavitation can occur.

Ineffective at pumping very viscous fluids

-How is it used in the chemical industry?

-Centrifugal pump is one of most common radial flow turbo machines. It has been designed

especially for use in the food, dairy, beverage, pharmaceutical and light chemical industries.

The primary purpose of centrifugal pump is to transfer liquids or gases from one vessel to

another by the conversion of the rotational kinetic energy to the hydro dynamics energy of

the liquid flow. It is highly used for pumping water, sewage, petroleum, and petrochemicals.


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Centrifugal pumps are also versatile when compared with other pumps, with capacities

ranging from 0.5 to 20,000 m3/h and relatively low net positive suction head requirement

(Munson et al. 2008, p.655).

Centrifugal pumps are typically able to run for long periods of time and have long lives. In

addition to this, centrifugal pumps can run at zero flow, albeit for short periods of time

(Munson et al. 2008, p.655).

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