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Photo credit: NASA
Propagation of global stressors
at the algae-consumer interface:
From short- to
long-term scales of observations
Manuel Villar-Argaiz, JM Medina-Sánchez, FJ Bullejos, G Herrera, C Duran, S
Rosillo and P Carrillo
University of Granada, Spain
Global Change and the World's Mountains, Perth 2010
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(Urabe & Sterner 1996, PNAS)
One of the most marked nutrient imbalances in food webs is observed between
plants and herbivores (Brett & Goldman 1997, Science)
Nutrients (P, N, Fe…)
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“Extremely simple” biological communities
(Medina-Sánchez et al., L&O 2004)
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High Mountain Lakes = Global change labs
3482 m
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Snowline depends on altitude and latitude
Löfter H. 1969. High altitude lakes in Mt. Everest region. Verh.Int.Ver.Theor.Lim. 17: 373-385
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Photo: NASA
Mediterranean High Mountain lakes Low latitude and High altitude
HIGH UV IRRADIANCE
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Photo: NASA
Mediterranean High Mountain lakes Proximity Major dust sources
HIGH ATMOSPHERIC
AEROSOL INPUTS
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Mediterranean High Mountain lakes Proximity Major dust sources
HIGH ATMOSPHERIC
AEROSOL INPUTS
Photo: NASA
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Mixodiaptomus laciniatus (~100% biomass) (Carney & Elser, 1990; Villar-Argaiz et al., 2001; Nuwer et al., 2008)
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…integrating different scales….
MID-TERM
Population dynamics
Growth (growth rate)
Nutrition (asimilaton carbon AEC)
LONG-TERM
Population dynamics
Observational
Studies Experimental
Studies
Abiotic/biotic Monitoring
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Growth (growth rate)
Experimental
Studies
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+ UVR ― UVR (plexiglass)
(2700 L)
20 30
40 60
Control 20 30
40 60
Control
2 X 5 factorial
design
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(Carrillo et al., GCB 2008; Bullejos et al., L&O 2010 in press)
+ UVR - UVR
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Food quantity (same quality distinct quantity )
+ UVR – UVR 60 60
No dilution
100 %
– U
VR
+ U
VR
50 % 25 % 12.5 %
Dilution 0.2 μm filtered water
– U
VR
– U
VR
– U
VR
+ U
VR
+ U
VR
+ U
VR
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Food quality (same quantity distinct quality)
+ U
VR
+ U
VR
+ U
VR
+ U
VR
+ U
VR
– U
VR
– U
VR
– U
VR
– U
VR
– U
VR
Dilution (0.2 μm) to Food Concentration of Treatment Control
20
– UVR + UVR
Control Control 20 30 30 40 40 60 60
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Herbivore consumer growth rate
• Copepod & Daphnid growth rate
• Rotifer growth rate
t = 12 d
t = 5 d
t = 13 d
Somatic GR
Intrinsic GR
g = ln(Mt) - ln(M0) / t
r = [ln(N13) - ln(N0) / t
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Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review
Nu
trie
nts
Nutr
ien
ts X
UV
R
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NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
and UVR
Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review
Effects on zooplankton growth of UVR (1), Nutrients (2) and their interaction
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Population dynamics
Experimental
Studies
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(Bullejos et al., L&O 2010 in press)
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(Bullejos et al., L&O 2010 in press)
STRONG P-ENRICHMENT
and UVR (at inter. P levels)
constrained zooplankton
control
control
20
20
30
30
40
40
50
50
20 20
30
30
40
40
50
50 P-ENRICHMENT increased
algae, whereas UVR
slightly constrained algae
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Population dynamics
Observational
Studies
Abiotic/biotic Monitoring
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http://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Data Product: AEROSOL INDEX
OZONE
REFLECTIVITY
UV - IRRADIANCE
ITCZ (InterTropical Convergence Zone)
PRECIPITATION National and International
Environmental Agencies
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Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review
Abiotic
characterization
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Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review
Deposition
event AI =0.5
Large
deposition
event AI > 5
Photo credit: R. Morales
Abiotic
characterization
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Population Dynamics
Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review
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Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review
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(Bullejos et al., L&O 2010 in press)
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
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Low-Moderate
atmospheric
inputs
Strong
atmospheric
inputs
Eutrophication High grazing
herbivores
(Daphnia)
Strong UVR role
No UVR role
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Acknowledgment
> National Park of Sierra Nevada for permission and
help to study high mountain lakes.
> Finantial support: I+D Projects, MMA-National Parks
> Colleagues and students who helped with the sampling
Thanks !
Manuel Villar-
Argaiz