PROMOTION OF BREAST FEEDING

Presented by:Cindy Magirl, RNEric Nelson, RNTennille Sassano, RNJennifer Vicarie, RN

Why is breast feeding important?

Benefits of Breast Feeding Video

You tube.com

Objective• Increase the percentage of breast feeding ever • Educate mothers on importance of breast feeding

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Breastfeeding Report Card 2012• Infants ever breast fed 76.9%• Infants breast fed at 6 months 47.2%• Infants breast fed at 12months 25.5%

Healthy People 2020 ObjectiveHealthy People 2020 ObjectiveMICH-21: Increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed

MICH-21.1 Ever 81.9%MICH-21.2 At 6 months 60.6%MICH-21.3 At 1 year 34.1%

MICH-21.4 Exclusively through 3 months 46.2%

MICH-21.5 Exclusively through 6 months 25.5%

MICH-22:  Increase the proportion of employers that have worksite lactation support programs. 38%

MICH-23: Reduce the proportion of breastfed newborns who receive formula supplementation within the first 2 days of life.

14.2%

MICH-24: Increase the proportion of live births that occur in facilities that provide recommended care for lactating mothers and their babies.

8.1%

Demographics

Age GroupPercent of Infants

Ever breastfed* Any at 6 months Exclusively at 6 months**†

*Ever fed breast milk.**Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as only human breast milk—no solids, water, or other liquids. †Data is for infants aged 6 months to 5 years. Those less than 6 months of age were excluded.Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Survey of Children’s Health. Unpublished data.

Total 75.5 45.0 12.420 Years or Younger 58.5 22.2 4.6

21-29 Years 76.5 44.4 12.3

30 Years or Older 79.8 51.2 14.1

DemographicsBreastfeeding Among Children Aged 0-5 Years, by Maternal Education and Duration, 2007

Education LevelPercent of Infants

Ever breastfed* Any at 6 months Exclusively at 6 months**†

*Ever fed breast milk.**Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as only human breast milk—no solids, water, or other liquids. †Data is for infants aged 6 months to 5 years. Those less than 6 months of age were excluded.Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Survey of Children’s Health. Unpublished data.Total 75.5 45.0 12.4Less than High School 68.1 37.8 10.4High School 67.9 33.4 9.2More than High School 81.7 52.3 14.4

Demographics

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Percentage of infants who were ever breastfed by poverty income ratio(PIR) and race ethnicity.

United States. 1999-2006

PIR less than or equal to 1.85 PIR greater than 1.85

Social Determinants• Women with higher family incomes• Higher education levels• Professional or executive occupations• Foreign born Latino women

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Pros Cons

• Protects babies• Easier to digest• Easily accept solid food• Less ear infections &

diarrhea• Decrease risk of SIDS,

diabetes, childhood leukemia, asthma, obesity

• Mothers bond with baby• Formula cannot match

exact composition of breast milk

• Comfort level• Lifestyle• Medical considerations• Time commitment• Fathers and siblings

feel left out

Health of Mother• Decrease chance of hemorrhage• Delays return of menstrual cycle• Requires mother to take time to relax and bond• Decrease risk for diabetes, breast and uterine cancer,

post partum depression, and osteoporosis• Greater weight loss

• Google.com

Other Benefits• Less expensive• Better for environment• Easier• Less infant deaths• Savings in medical costs

Phase 4 Phase 3 Phase 2 Phase 1 Administration/Policy Educational & Ecological Epidemiological Diagnosis Social Diagnosis Policy Assessment Intervention Alignment

Phase 5 Phase 6 Phase7 Phase 8 Implementation Process Evaluation Impact Evaluation Outcome Evaluation Imput Process Output Short-term impact Long-term healt outcome Short-term Social Impat Long-term

socail impact

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL: Precede –Proceed Model-Breast Feeding

HEALTH PROGRAM

POLICY

PREDISPOSING GENETICS

REINFORCING

ENABLING

BEHAVIOR

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

HEALTH

QUALITY OF LIFE

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

LIFE-STYLE

ENVIRONMENT

HEALTH

QUALITY OF LIFE

HEALTHEDUCATION

MEDIAADVOCACY

POLICYREGULATIONSRESOURCES

ORGANIZATION

PREDISPOSING

REINFORCING

ENABLING

I Planning

II

Determinants

III Educational and Environmental Development…Evaluation

Risk Management Products

Possible Ways to Achieve Objective• OB Gyn offices• Healthy Lifestyles• Women’s shelters• Pregnancy Crisis Centers• Pediatrician’s offices• Prenatal classes• Hospitals

Resources• Obstetricians• Pediatricians• Office staff• Healthy Lifestyles• Handouts• Media – DVD• Classroom

Action Plan• Tennille and Jennifer will teach 12 classes once weekly

over 3 months• Eric and Cindy will contact pediatric offices to retrieve

data at the start of classes• Compile data to see if objectives are being reached

Evaluation• Pediatric check sheet• Compare to Healthy People 2020 data

References• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Breastfeeding in the

United States: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2006. Retrieved from http: //www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db05.htm

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Breastfeeding Report Card – United States, 2012. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/reportcard.htm

• Dermer, Alicia. (2001, August). A well-kept secret breastfeeding’s benefits to mothers. New Beginnings, 18(4), 124-127.

• Harmon, Katherine. (2010, April 30). How breastfeeding benefits mothers’ health. Scientific American. Retrieved fromhttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=breastfee ding-benefits-mothers&page=2

• Heck, Katherine E., Braveman, Paula, Cubbin, Catherine, and Chavez, Gilberto F. (2006, Jan-Feb). Socioeconomic Status and Breastfeeding Initiation Among California Mothers. E Journal of Public Health Reports, 121(1): 51-59. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1497787/

References• Mcneill, Elisa. (n.d.). [Document] Precede-procede model (Green

& Kreuter, 2005)-breast feeding application. Retrieved from mcneill.tamu.edu/hlkn%20415web/Precede- breastfeeding.doc

• Pender, Nola, Murdaugh, Carolyn, and Parsons, Mary A. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice (pp. 74-76). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.

• Sy Kraft. (2011, June 14). Moms guard against SIDS and breastfeed babies; formula won’t work. Medical News Today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/228457.php

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010, August 4) .Why breastfeeding is important. Retrieved from http://www.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding/why-breastfeeding-is-important/

References• U.S. Human Services, Health Resources and Services

Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. (2011). Child Health USA 2011. Retrieved from

http://mchb.hrsa.gov/chusa11/hstat/hsi/pages/204b.h tml• Whalen, Bonny. (2012, September 6). Dartmouth-

Hitchcock. The Benefits of Breastfeeding. Podcast retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDVvz_HQUME

• Yngve, Agneta and Sjostrom, Michael. (2001). Breastfeeding determinants and a suggested framework for action in Europe. Public Health Nutrition, 4(2B), 729-739. doi: 10.1079/PHN201164