Promoting the grassland diversity of habitats & species in...
Transcript of Promoting the grassland diversity of habitats & species in...
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Promoting the grassland diversity of habitats & species
in respect of farming
– examples at the European level –
Dr. Rainer Oppermann
Institute for Agroecology and Biodiversity (IFAB)
Presentation in Madrid, 29.09.2015,
at the “Natura 2000 Farmland Management and Biodiversity Conference”
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What is grassland diversity of habitats & species?
Almost all kind of extensively managed grassland
(mostly species- and flower-rich):
- meadows: mostly 1 – 2 (3) cuts /year
- pastures: mostly 1 – 3 pasturings/ year
- only small amounts of or no fertiliser used
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95 % 5
%
Species number plants (25 m2): 5 – 20 20 – 60 20 – 80
Extent in extensive regions 70 % 25 % 5 %
Extent in intensive regions 95 % <5 % <1 %
70 – 95 % 5 - 25 % 0.1
-5%
0.1 -5%
What is grassland diversity of habitats & species?
Example Germany in general (not in Natura2000-areas)
Current
state
Target
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- Meadow competitions
- PR work, newspapers, etc.
- TV, radio
- Events, festivals
- Public support (AEM)
- Buying products
Promotion of grassland diversity
appreciation added value
- Agrienvironm. measures (AEM)
- Tourism
- Private partnerships + foundations
- Innovative products
- Cheese and meat products
- Hay and hay products
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Getting farmers proud
Public appreciation and awareness rising appreciation
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Meadow competitions in Europe
Examples of meadow competitions are from
Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland
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Several work steps:
1. Preparation with different partners
2. Public information of farmers and public
3. Participation and evaluation
4. Jury decision
5. Rewarding the prices / public event
6. Accompanying press release
over the whole season
Public competition for farmers looking for
species rich and good fodder value meadows or pastures
→ at the same time high ecological value
and
high fodder value
Good balance between ecology and productivity
Public appreciation: meadow competitions
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To be achieved e.g. by so called Meadow competitions or meadow championships
Public appreciation and awareness rising
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Rewarding
the prices
to the farmers
Public appreciation and awareness rising
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Perfect work on this issue in France, see
http://prairiesfleuries.espaces-naturels.fr
Public appreciation and awareness rising in France
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Financial issue:
“result-orientated” agri-environm. measures
Example s Germany , Switzerland and France
2000 first programme in Baden-Württemberg
for species-rich grassland
2007 further programmes in 4 regions in Germany
2015 additional 3 further regions in Germany
and differentiated payments 4, 6 and 8 key species
From 2001 also in Switzerland
(whole country with regional differentiations)
From 2007 also in France
(national parks and parcs naturels)
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What is species-rich grassland?
Extensive grassland in Baden-Württemberg
- 7 types of extensive grassland (meadows and pastures)
- all 7 types are covered by an indicator list with 28 species / species groups
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Catalogue of indicator species in Baden-Württemberg
The catalogue comprises 28 key species for extensive grassland,
- mainly flower species /genera that are easy to identify
Programme called MEKA till 2014, and FAKT since 2015 (30 species now)
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Agri-environment measures in Baden-Württemberg
First evaluation of MEKA in 1996/1997 concerning support of extensive grassland
Discontentment with measure-related support
of extensive grassland
on the part of the farmers: difficulties with fixed specifications
(e.g. number of cuts, in their view partly “absurd”)
on the part of the ecologists: achievement of conservation aims is not assured, in
contrast ecological quality decreases
on the part of the administration: difficulties to carry out the controls
(e.g. several visits for control of number of cuts)
Proposal from NGO-side for a result-based approach in 1997
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support of species rich grassland “result-orientated”
Procedure for registration in the countryside
inspection on an diagonal through the parcel (transect)
If there are at least 4 of 30 species in every
third of a transect through the whole parcel,
the farmer can apply for € 230 /ha
for 6 key species € 260 /ha
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Result-orientated grassland-support
Farm management and dealing with new approach
Farmers do a self-evaluation of the species
richness on the transects
There is advice with leaflets and advisors
Measure is for continuation of the traditional
management of meadows and pastures
- Easy to integrate in farm management
- No specifications for utilisation and
specific dates for cut
Management according to weather and growth
Autonomy of farmers on location:
knowledge, time availability, quality factors
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Evaluation results
- species-rich grassland
on average 21 % of all grassland
- Very species rich grassland with a
share of about 8 %
- Differentiation for different natural
regions:
- share of grassland
- species composition
- etc.
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Different meadow championships in Germany since 2005
Further links to the result based grassland support
Meadow championships as PR-measure
- PR-work: newspapers, radio, TV
- Jury-decision involving diff. stakeholders
Proud winners in public presentation
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- farmers are proud on their species-rich grassland
- they are payed for the product “biodiversity”
- they keep an eye on diversity of species
- they get to know species and the diversity
- they see a sense in this kind of support
- many farmers can be achieved
- the ecological effects are better
- monitoring of actual biodiversity
- image effect for farmers and government and NGOs
- win-win-situation for all participants
Important to do both – public appreciation and financial rewards
Conclusions: Promotion of species rich grassland
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Indicator species of
the result-orientated
supportof extensive
grassland in Baden-
Württemberg
(OPPERMANN &
BRIEMLE 2002).
Deutscher Name Wissenschaftlicher Name Blütenfarbe Blühzeit Typ W M F R N
Margerite Leucanthemum vulgaris weiß 5-10 1,2,3 2 6 4 x 3
Bocksbart Tragopogon spec. gelb 5-7 1,2,3 4 6 4 7 6
Witwenblume, Knautie Knautia arvensis blau 5-7 1,2,3 2 5 4 x 4
Klappertopf Rhinanthus spec. gelb 5-9 2,3 -1 4 4 x 3
Wiesen-Salbei Salvia pratensis blau 4-8 2 2 5 3 8 4
Glockenblumen Campanula spec. blau 5-9 1,2,3 3 5 5 x 5
Storchschnabel Geranium spec. blau/lila 5-8 1,2,3 2 5 5 x 7
Rotklee Trifolium pratense rot 6-9 1,3 7 7 5 x x
Flockenblumen Centaurea spec. blau/lila 6-9 2,3,4 3 4 5 x 4
Teufelskralle Phyteuma spec. blau/weiß 5-7 3,4 5 4 5 x 5
Bärwurz Meum athamanticum weiß 5-6 4 3 5 5 3 3
Tag-Lichtnelke Silene dioica rot 4-9 1,5 3 5 6 7 8
Pippau Crepis biennis, C. mollis gelb 5-8 1,3 4 5 6 x 5
Kohl-Kratzdistel Cirsium oleraceum weiß/grün 6-9 5,6 4 5 7 7 5
Großer Wiesenknopf Sanguisorba officinalis rot 6-9 5,6 5 5 6 x 5
Trollblume Trollius europaeus gelb 5-6 6 -1 5 7 6 5
Wiesen-Schaumkraut Cardamine pratensis weiß 4-5 5,6 -1 6 6 x x
Sumpf-Dotterblume Caltha palustris gelb 4-6 6 -1 4 9 x 6
Wiesen-Knöterich Polygonum bistorta rot/rosa 5-7 5,6 4 6 7 5 5
Kuckucks-Lichtnelke Lychnis flos-cuculi rot 5-7 5,6 1 4 7 x x
Bach-Nelkenwurz Geum rivale rot/braun 4-7 5,6 2 4 8 x 4
Augentrost Euphrasia rostk., -stricta weiß 5-10 7 -1 5 x x 4
Flügel-Ginster Genista sagittalis gelb 5-6 7 0 4 4 4 2
Blutwurz Potentilla erecta gelb 6-8 7 2 3 x x 2
Kreuzblumen Polygala spec. blau/lila 5-8 4,7 1 4 4 x 2
Feld-Thymian Thymus pulegioides purpurrot 5-8 4,7 1 4 3 x 1
Kleines Habichtskraut Hieracium pilosella gelb 5-10 4,7 2 4 4 x 2
Milch- und Ferkelkräuter Leont. spec., Hypoch. radic. gelb 6-9 4,7 5/1 5/7 5 4 4
Erläuterungen:
Blühzeit = Blütemonate (z.B.
4= März);
Typ = Zugehörigkeit zu einem
der 7 Grünlandtypen;
W = Futterwertzahl (nach
Klapp et al. 1953);
M = Mahdverträglichkeitszahl
(nach Briemle & Ellenberg
1994),
F = Feuchtezahl,
R = Reaktionszahl,
N = Nährstoffzahl (nach
Ellenberg et al. 1992);
x = indifferentes ökologisches
Verhalten der Art
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Bonitierung
Aus mehreren
Bonitur-Einzelwerten
wird ein Gesamtwert
oder ein Mittelwert
gebildet
Bonititur-Kriterien
Wiesenmeisterschaften in Baden-Württemberg und Frankreich Wissenschaft und Praxis im Rahmen von Wiesenmeisterschaften
Gesamtboniturwert
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101 106
Gesamtaufnahmen n=107
Bon
iturw
erte