Plan ColombiaPromoting PeaceCombating the Narcotics IndustryReviving the Colombian EconomyStrengthening Democracy

Introduction

Who, Where, When, Why?Proposed by Pastrana

1998 – 1999Elaborated by the

Colombian Government to:End armed conflictRevitalize the economyDevelop and anti-

narcotics strategyFARC Guerrillas

Original Plan“Plan for Colombia’s Peace”

Pastrana’s Proposal Achieve Peace and End ViolenceSimilar to the “Marshall Plan”

“Drug crops are a social problem whose solution must pass through the solution to the armed conflict...Developed countries should help us to implement some sort of 'Marshall Plan' for Colombia, which will allow us to develop great investments in the social field, in order to offer our peasants different alternatives to the illicit crops.”

55% military aid, 45% development aidTalks with Clinton on aid in 1999

The New Plan“War on Drugs”American Contribution

Combating Drug Trafficking

Strengthening the Military, 78.12% of aid in 2000

Campaigns against FARC rebels

Support for PoliceOther International Actors

Provide support for social programs

U.S. Assistance – 5 Pillars1. Support for Human

Rights/Judicial Reform

2. Expansion of Counter-Narcotics Operations in Southern Colombia

3. Alternative Economic Development

4. Increased Interdiction

5. Assistance for Colombian National Police

Financing the Plan

The Original PlanThe plan originally

required $7.5 billionColombia was to

provide $4.9 billion of it

The U.S. under Clinton pledged $1.3 billion in foreign aid, most of it for military use

The rest was to be provided by EU donors or NGOs

51%

32%

16%1%

Where the Money Goes

Social DevelopmentFighting Drug TradeEconomic RevitalizationNegotiate solution with guerillas

Problems with FinancingThe EU was reluctant to

contribute because they were uncertain to the plan’s success

Other donors disapproved of the military portion of the package, as approved by the U.S.

Colombia itself was unable to earmark all that it had planned to because of an economic crisis from 1999-2001

Financing the New PlanWith U.S. influence, the final

draft of the plan concentrates much more on drug trafficking and training the military

Fighting the FARC guerillas is a focus of the plan

This is contrary to President Pastrana’s wishes, who recognizes FARC as part of Colombian history and wants to treat them as such

Approx. 78% of the U.S. aid package of 2000 focused on counternarcotics and military uses

Funding AllocationAs part of the “war on

drugs”, the funding goes to uses such as:Training and

equipment for Colombian antinarcotics teams

Helicopters and transport

Intelligence assistanceCoca eradication

equipment

U.S. Aid to ColombiaIn Millions

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005 (est.)

2006 (req.)

Military/Police 54.

188.6 112.

4309.2

765.5 243.0

401.9

620.0

555.0

641.6 641.1

Economic/Social 0.7 0.0 0.5 8.8 214.

35.7 120.

3136.7

135.0

131.3

138.5

% Military 99.

9100 99.5 97.4 78.1 97.7 77.0 82.0 80.4 83.0 82.2

Source: The Heritage Foundation

The Plan Under the Bush Administration

Plan Colombia Under the Bush Administration- 2001Aid is expanded to

surrounding countries Worried about expanding

drug operations into poor boarder areas

Appropriates $676 million for Counter drug Initiative

$380 million given directly to Colombia

Plan Colombia Under the Bush Administration - 2001Civilian contractors now

carry military weapons Claim to be protecting

personnel and military equipment

Funding of social programs in Colombia

Crop development, improve human rights, create jobs

Congress rejects plan to fund reductions campaigns in the USA

Why not curb demand?

Plan Colombia Under the Bush Administration – 2004Appropriated $727

million to Counter Drug Initiative

$463 million given directly to Colombia

Military Advisors are increased from 400 to 800 people

Private contractors are increased from 400 to 600 people

Plan Colombia Under the Bush Administration - 2005Six years after

implementation

approximately $4.5 billion has been spent

“Not the end or even the beginning of the end, but possibly the end of the beginning.” - Churchill

Criticisms

Results according to US GovernmentCoca production

going downMilitary Presence

increase in Columbia

Third largest recipient in US aid

US Military in Columbia

Winning the War on Drugs?FARC’s existence in Columbia today

US Defense Department studyPrice increase for cocaine?

Just stopping the flow?Balloon effect?

Mexico

The Human Rights consequencesStraying from

original goalsLeahy ProvisionContinuing support

despite regime’s record

Too much military strength?

After Columbian resources?

The Columbian PeopleTurmoil in the

countryQuasi civil war

Aerial fumigationHerbicides on legal

cropsProviding economic

alternatives?Concentration of

wealth in upper classes

Questions Should the next administration continue to

support the Colombian government as well as the Bush administration has?

Should the US be doing more than just sending money? If so, what else should be done? Or should the U.S. discontinue support for the plan?

How effective do you think the plan has been, both in Colombia and at home?

CreditsThis presentation has been brought to you

by:Lisa BothwellAndrea EisamanTara Krzyzewski Hrishi Shah