Promoting Cleaner Production Siarhei Darozhka, Belarusan National Technical University, Minsk...
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Transcript of Promoting Cleaner Production Siarhei Darozhka, Belarusan National Technical University, Minsk...
Promoting Cleaner Production
Siarhei Darozhka, Belarusan National Technical University, Minsk
Borki-Molo, BUP EM Course Teachers Conference, 30.06.2006
Supporting Cleaner Production
Implementing and supporting process of CP projects needs to have:
Promotion and information Capacity building, and development of institutions Sharing of international experience and cooperation Influences from market forces Actions of authorities; legal measures and taxation Economical support of authorities and others; subsidies Cooperation with stakeholders Education and training
CP supported Institutions
Networks and Partnerships for CP Promotion (WEC,REC, LEEP, etc.)
International organisations (UNEP, UNIDO, OECD, WBCSD, WB, EEA, ERCP…)
National Cleaner Production Centres
Range of Policy Instruments
Awards
/ Rec
ogniti
on
Public I
nform
ation
/ Edu
catio
n
Life cy
cle an
alysis
Environ
mental
repo
rting
Eco A
udits /
EM
S
Produ
ct Lab
ellin
g
Public R
eleas
e and T
ransfe
r Reg
ister
s
Negoti
ated A
gree
ments
Deman
d side
man
agem
ent
Liabili
ty re
form
s
Subsidy
remov
als
Mar
ketab
le pe
rmits
Environ
mental
char
ges
Trade
restr
iction
s
Ambient s
tanda
rds
Permits
Bans
Range of Instruments for Environmental Policy
CORRECTS LACKOF INFORMATION
CHANGES INCENTIVES MANDATES SPECIFICBEHAVIOUR
Information-basedstrategies
Incentive-basedstrategies
Directive-based regulation
(Adapted from EEA: Environmental Agreements: Environmental Effectiveness - 1997)
CP Policy instruments
There exist two or three dozen of commonly used policy instruments, which fall into three general categories:
Regulatory instruments - which require or mandate specific behaviour, e.g. determine what is prohibited, what is allowed, and how to carry out certain activities
CP Policy instruments
Economic Instruments, which create incentives or disincentives for specific behaviours, by changing related economic conditions
Information-based strategies , which seek to change behaviour by providing information. The underlying assumption is that the actors do not take optimal or correct decisions for lack of information or know-how
Regulatory Instruments and Promoting Cleaner Production
Mandatory review of applicability of Cleaner Production within the permitting process;
Regulation of emissions by mass instead of concentration, to encourage reduction rather than dilution;
Environmental impact reports; Permits for all hazardous emissions; Public disclosure of standard emissions, inputs and efficiency of
their use, as well as any spills, releases, or accidents; The training of environmental inspectors to identify and recommend
pollution prevention opportunities; Enabling companies to spend money from penalties and fines on
cleaner production initiatives; Pollution regulation through economic instruments instead of
command-and-control; Introduction of an integrated permitting approach (IPPC).
Cleaner Production Investments
government funds resources from national budget donations grants fees and fines environmental taxes and product charges other resources
Information-Based Strategies Promoting the adoption of targeted, high-profile demonstration
projects, to demonstrate the techniques and costsaving opportunities associated with cleaner production
Encouraging educational institutions to incorporate preventive environmental management within their curricula
Publication of information on environmental performance, for example, by establishing a pollutant release and transfer register and stimulating voluntary corporate reporting
Eco-labelling and environmental product declarations schemes
Promoting effective training initiatives
High profile awards for enterprises that have effectively implemented cleaner production
Stakeholder Involvement
Industry Government & local authorities Educational institutions Employees Suppliers and customers Financial organisations and NGOs.
Barriers for Cleaner Production
Lack of interest and commitment by Senior Executives
Poor organization of CP Program Poorly defined goals, responsibilities and
timetable Fear of tacking decision Resistance to change Blocks to creativity
”New Idea Killing” Don’t forget that we must also earn money! You will never be able to sell this idea to the management Let’s think more about that, LATER I know it’s not possible We are too small/big for that We have already tried that (We haven’t) That will be too expensive! NOW is not the right time for this discussion That will mean more work! We have always done it this way/so why should we change now? You don’t quite understand the problem Let’s take it up again/later/much later In our branch it’s different Let somebody else try it first It doesn’t fit into our long-term planning Talk to Lars, this is not my field We have already over-spent our budget for this year It won’t work/and besides that/it’s against our policy We have no time for that It sounds fine in theory/but how will it work in practice? We don’t have enough employees to implement that idea We are not ready for this idea yet It is too late to make changes now
Education and Training for Employees
The training program may include the following themes:
Concepts and activities of cleaner production Activities for creation of cleaner production projects of simple
processes Review of opportunities for cleaner production Process of implementation, possible obstacles and how to go it
through Opportunities for cleaner production projects of complex processes How to resist pressure of business, practical exercises Communication between participants within the projects of cleaner
production, practical exercises Widening and deepening knowledge of opportunities for cleaner
production Team work skills Priority list of opportunities for cleaner production, exercises Value of contribution of all employees in the cleaner production
program
Links between Cleaner Production and other Tools
ISO 14001/EMS Environmental Policies (sectoral, intersectoral - industrial
development policy, foreign trade policy/customs policy, investment promotion policy, fiscal policy and tax regimes, energy and transport policy, agricultural policy, education and science and technology policy, health policy)
IPPC Directive is an example of a comprehensive approach to regulating the environmental impacts from production facilities
Integrated Product Policy (IPP) concept as a comprehensive approach to product-related environmental problems
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) as a policy principle to promote total life cycle environmental improvements of product systems