Promoting Cleaner & More Fuel Efficient Vehicle in Africa

Jane Akumu

UN Environment

Vehicle emission standards (Euro 4/IV)

Soot free buses (Euro IV/V)

Fuel economy vehicles

Low sulphur fuels

Electric motorcycles

NMT policies and infrastructure

UN Environment Transport Programs

CO2 Emissions from Transport

GFEI has set graduated global fuel economy improvement targets

GFEI benefits towards national fuel and transport targets

Donors

Partners

• Reduce oil dependence (diversify fuels) • Improve balance of payments • Reduce pollutant emissions • Reduce greenhouse gases • Promote domestic economies/jobs • Long term strategy that will involve multiple policy

interventions

Information Campaigns

Outreach to Stakeholders

Support Policy Making Efforts

Data Collection & Analysis

GFEI

GFEI Activities Vehicle Type

Model

Manufacturer

Body type

Simplified Body Type

Segment

Axle configuration

Driven wheels

Engine cylinders

Engine ccm

CC Category

Engine kW

KW class

Engine horse power

Engine valves

Fuel type

Model year

Number of gears

Transmission type

Turbo

Gross vehicle weight

Height

Length

Number of seats

GFEI Country Engagement

countries with ongoing projects

new countries 2016/2017 Countries expressed interest

1 Chile 28 Malaysia 63 Panama 2 Ethiopia 29 Bangladesh 64 Iran 3 Indonesia 30 Kazakhstan 65 Angola 4 Kenya 31 Mali 66 Bhutan 5 Georgia 32 Nigeria 67 Burkina Faso 6 Ivory Coast 33 Togo 68 Burundi 7 Mauritius 34 Tanzania 69 Cambodia 8 Jamaica 35 Rwanda 70 Cameroon 9 Montenegro 36 Bolivia 71 Cape Verde

10 Macedonia 37 Argentina 72 D.R. Congo 11 Costa Rica 38 Ecuador 73 Eritrea 12 Vietnam 39 Ukraine 74 Fiji 13 Morocco 40 Jordan 75 Guinea 14 Bahrain 41 Colombia 76 Iran 15 Tunisia 42 Djibouti 77 Kyrgyzstan

16 Thailand 43 Dominican Republic 78 Laos 17 Peru 44 Guatemala 79 Lesotho 18 Russia 45 Moldova 80 Marshall Islands 19 Benin 46 Pakistan 81 Mongolia 20 Algeria 47 Barbados 82 Namibia 21 Uruguay 50 St. Lucia 83 Niger 22 Nepal 51 Lebanon 84 Papua New Guinea 23 Paraguay 52 Zambia 85 Senegal 24 Sri Lanka 53 Ghana 86 Sierra Leone 25 Philippines 54 Malawi 87 Solomon Islands 26 Uganda 55 Zimbabwe 88 South Africa 27 Egypt 56 Honduras 89 Tajikistan

57 Nicaragua 90 Turkmenistan 58 El Salvador 91 Turkey 59 Botswana 92 Armenia

60 Mozambique 93 Azerbaijan 61 Myanmar 94 Serbia

62 Liberia 95 Samoa 96 Gambia 97 Uzbekistan 98 Bosnia-Herzegovina 99 Albania

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Pas

sen

ger

cars

per

10

00

per

son

s

Motorization in Africa

Average fuel economy in new cars in Non

OECD countries is relatively high

New cars by size by country in 2015

Source: IEA/ GFEI, 2017. Working Paper 15

Kenya 2010 2011 2012

Average

(l/100km)

7.4 7.6 7.7

Average Fuel Economy Levels

Global 2005 2008 2011 2013

Average

(l/100km)

8.07 7.67 7.2 7.1

OECD

Average

8.1 7.6 7.0 6.9

Non-OECD

Average

7.5 7.6 7.5 7.2

Mauritius 2005 2013 2014

Average

(l/100km)

7.0 6.6 5.8

Ethiopia 2005 2010

Average

(l/100km)

8.4 7.9 Algeria 2005 2008 2013

Average

(l/100km)

7.5 7.4 7.0

Uganda 2005 2008 2011 2014

Average

(l/100km)

10.94 11.14 11.34 12.15

13 Source: UNEP, 2017 (unpublished).

Fuel economy policies can work

substantially

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025

Lite

rs p

er 1

00

kilo

me

ters

(L/

10

0km

) n

orm

aliz

ed

to

NED

C T

est

Cyc

le

Baseline Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy and Trends for New LDVs Algeria

Bahrain

Chile

China

Costa Rica

Cote d'Ivoire

Egypt

Ethiopia

EU

Georgia

Indonesia

Japan

Kenya

Mauritius

Montenegro

Peru

Philippines

Sri Lanka

Uganda

Uruguay

US

Example of Uganda

Uganda 2005 2008 2011 2014

Average

(l/100km)

10.94 11.14 11.34 12.15

Mauritius

• Adopted a feebate scheme in 2011 at 158 CO2g/km

• 2013 amended to 150 CO2g/km

• 50 % excise duty waived on electric and hybrid cars and registration fee

• 2009 to 2014, hybrid increased from 43 to 1824 and electric cars from 0 to 8

• 2016 replace by a taxation system with additional incentives to electric vehicles

Type Current New

Conventional

Up to 550 cc 15% 0

551-1000 cc 55% 45%

1001-1600 cc 55% 50%

1601-2000 cc 75% No change

Above 2,000 cc 100% No change

Hybrid

Up to 1600 cc 55% 25%

1601-2000 cc 75% 45%

Above 2000 cc 100% 70%

Electric cars

Up to 180 Kw 25% 0

Above 180 Kw 25% No change

Mauritius 2005 2013 2014

Average

(l/100km)

7.0 6.6 5.8

Target group:

Consumer

Manufacturer

Monetary

Fiscal instruments

Regulatory

Fuel economy or CO2 emission standards

Consumer information

Labelling

FE

Fuel economy policies & instruments

European Union

• 12% of total CO2 emissions from transport

• mandatory emission reduction targets for new cars

• average for all new cars is 130 grams of CO2 per kilometre (g/km) by 2015 and 95g/km by 2021

• fuel consumption, the 2015 target was o 5.6 l/100 km of petrol o 4.9 l/100 km of diesel

• The 2021 target is o 4.1 l/100 km of petrol o 3.6 l/100 km of diesel

• China introduced Fuel Economy Standards for LDV in September 2004: phase 1 from July 2005 and 2 phase from Jan 2008

• 3rd most stringent in the world, behind the EU

and Japan

• requires display fuel economy labels from 2009

• banned the import of used vehicles for uses other than personal, diesel vehicles (except Jeeps) and two-stroke engine cars

• penalize large-engine cars and encourages the purchase of fuel efficient cars

• China is the only country having mandatory FE standards for two wheelers in place (implemented 2009)

China’s Example

20

• Hybrid and electric cars in 2014 was 56% of the total number of cars • Hybrid-petrol, petrol and diesel vehicles attract 58%, 253% and 345%, respectively, in

excise tax • Fully electric vehicles are levied at 25%

Hybrid and Electric cars in Sri Lanka

21

• Vehicle excise tax rates in Thailand combines CO2 ratings and engine capacity

• Mandatory eco-sticker

Labeling and CO2-based Tax in Thailand

Types of Vehicles Fuel type / Tax rates

CO2/ engine capacity

E10/ E20

E85/ NGV

Hybrid

Passenger vehicles – cars and vans with less than 10 seats

≤ 100 g/km 30 25 10

101-150 g/km

30 25 20

151-200 g/km

35 30 25

>200 g/km 40 35 30

>3,000 cc 50 50 50

~~~~~~

Electric vehicle/ fuel cell

≤ 3,000 cc (180 Kw)

10

> 3,000 cc (180 Kw)

50

Vehi

cle

mak

er

Source: Energy Policy and Planning Office and Department of

Alternative Energy Development, 2015

• High vehicle growth rate to continue in

the region – over 10% growth rate

• Need for fuel economy policies

• Substantial reduction in fuel

consumption and CO2 emissions to be

realized – supporting national

objectives and the Paris Agreement

• Improvement in air quality expected

through adoption of more advanced

vehicles and technologies

• Fuel economy improvements need to

be part of a broader transport strategy

including:

- vehicle imports

- vehicle maintenance

- eco driving

- traffic flow/congestion

- mass transit

Conclusion

Air Quality and Mobility Unit

Economy Division

United Nations Environment

P.O. Box 30552

00100 Nairobi

Kenya

E-mail : Jane.Akumu@unenvironment.org

Websites:

http://unep.org/transport/

www.globalfueleconomy.org